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'Ali
http://wn.com/'Ali -
`Ali
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Ahl-e Haqq
The Ahl-e Haqq or Yârsân (Kurdish: ﯼاڔﮦساﻥ Yâresân, Ahl-e Haqq "People of Truth"), are members of a religion founded by Sultan Sahak in the late 14th century in western Iran. The total number of members is estimated at around 1,000,000, primarily found in western Iran and Iraq, mostly ethnic Kurds and Laks, though there are also smaller groups of Luri, Azeri, Persian and Arab adherents. Some Yârsânî in Iraq are called ''Kaka'i''.
http://wn.com/Ahl-e_Haqq -
Ali
(, ; 13th Rajab, 24 BH–21st Ramaḍān, 40 AH; approximately October 23, 598 or 600 or March 17, 599 – January 27, 661) was the cousin and son-in-law of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, and ruled over the Islamic Caliphate from 656 to 661. Sunni Muslims consider Ali the fourth and final of the Rashidun (rightly guided Caliphs), while Shia Muslims regard Ali as the first Imam and consider him and his descendants the rightful successors to Muhammad, all of which are members of the Ahl al-Bayt, the household of Muhammad. This disagreement split the Ummah (Muslim community) into the Sunni and Shia branches.
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Ali Eid
Ali Eid (born 14 July 1940) is the leader of the Lebanese Arab Democratic Party.
http://wn.com/Ali_Eid -
Armenians
Armenian people or Armenians (, hayer) are a nation and ethnic group native to the Caucasus and the Armenian Highland.
http://wn.com/Armenians -
Bashar al-Assad
Dr. Bashar al-Assad (, ; born 11 September 1965) is the President of the Syrian Arab Republic, Regional Secretary of the Ba'ath Party, and the son of former President Hafez al-Assad.
http://wn.com/Bashar_al-Assad -
Felix von Luschan
Felix Ritter von Luschan (11 August 1854 – 7 February 1924) was an Austrian doctor, anthropologist, explorer, archaeologist and ethnographer.
http://wn.com/Felix_von_Luschan -
Hafez al-Assad
Hafez al-Assad ( ) (October 6, 1930 – June 10, 2000) was the president of Syria for three decades. Assad's rule stabilized and consolidated the power of the country's central government after decades of coups and counter-coups. He was succeeded by his son and current president Bashar al-Assad in 2000.
http://wn.com/Hafez_al-Assad -
Hittites
The "Hittites" were an ancient Anatolian people who spoke a language of the Anatolian branch of the Indo-European language family and established a kingdom centered at Hattusa (Hittite ) in north-central Anatolia (on the Central Anatolian plateau) ca. the 18th century BC. The Hittite empire reached its height ca. the 14th century BC, encompassing a large part of Anatolia, north-western Syria about as far south as the mouth of the Litani River (a territory known as Amqu), and eastward into upper Mesopotamia. After ca. 1180 BC, the empire disintegrated into several independent "Neo-Hittite" city-states, some surviving until as late as the 8th century BC.
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Ibn Kathir
Ismail ibn Kathir () (1301–1373) was an renowned Muhaddith Faqih Historian and Mufassir.
http://wn.com/Ibn_Kathir -
Ibn Nusayr
'''Abu Shu'ayb Muhammad ibn Nusayr''' was the pupil of the eleventh Twelver Shi'a () Imam, Hasan al Askari (d.873). Ibn Nusayr proclaimed himself the "bab" or door (representative) of al-Askari and later the twelfth Imam Muhammad al-Mahdi during the Minor Occultation, and rejected the authority of the the Four Deputies during his lifetime. The followers of Ibn Nusayr are known as: Nusairyoon () or Alawi ().
http://wn.com/Ibn_Nusayr -
Lebanese Australian
A Lebanese Australian is an Australian citizen or permanent resident of Lebanese descent. The community is multi-religious, and includes a Christian, mostly Maronite Catholic, majority, as well as a large Muslim minority of both the Shia and Sunni branches of Islam, and various other Christian and Muslim denominations, as well as other religions.
http://wn.com/Lebanese_Australian -
Louis Massignon
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http://wn.com/Louis_Massignon -
Michel Aflaq
Michel Aflaq (, born Damascus 1910, died Paris June 23, 1989) was the ideological founder of Ba’athism, a form of Arab nationalism which was combined with Arab socialism.
http://wn.com/Michel_Aflaq -
Muhammad
Muhammad ibn ‘Abdullāh (; ; also spelled Muhammed or Mohammed) (ca. 570/571 Mecca[مَكَةَ ]/[ مَكَهْ ] – June 8, 632), was the founder of the religion of Islam, and is regarded by Muslims as a messenger and prophet of , the greatest law-bearer in a series of Islamic prophets, and, by most Muslims, the last prophet as taught by the . Muslims thus consider him the restorer of an uncorrupted original monotheistic faith (islām) of Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, Jesus and other prophets. He was also active as a diplomat, merchant, philosopher, orator, legislator, reformer, military general, and, according to Muslim belief, an agent of divine action. In Michael H. Hart's The 100: A Ranking of the Most Influential Persons in History, Muhammad is described as the most influential person in history. Hart asserted that Muhammad was "supremely successful" in both the religious and secular realms.
http://wn.com/Muhammad -
Musa al-Sadr
For the Twelver Shī‘ah Imām, see Mūsá al-Kāżim
http://wn.com/Musa_al-Sadr -
Ottoman Empire
The Sublime Ottoman State (Ottoman Turkish, Persian: دَوْلَتِ عَلِيّهٔ عُثمَانِیّه Devlet-i ʿAliyye-yi ʿOsmâniyye, Modern Turkish: Yüce Osmanlı Devleti or Osmanlı İmparatorluğu) was an empire that lasted from 1299 to 1923.
http://wn.com/Ottoman_Empire -
Patrick Seale
Patrick Abram Seale is a British journalist and author who specialises in the Middle East, as well as a literary agent and art dealer. He is a former correspondent for The Observer and has interviewed many of the Middle East's most prominent leaders and personalities.
http://wn.com/Patrick_Seale -
Salah Jadid
Salah Jadid (1926? — August 19, 1993, Arabic: صلاح جديد) was a Syrian general and political figure in the Baath Party, and the country's de facto leader between 1966 and 1969/1970.
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Salman al-Farsi
http://wn.com/Salman_al-Farsi -
Socrates
Socrates (Greek: , , Sōkrátēs; c. 469 BC–399 BC, in English ) was a Classical Greek Athenian philosopher. Credited as one of the founders of Western philosophy, he is an enigmatic figure known chiefly through the accounts of later classical writers, especially the writings of his students Plato and Xenophon, and the plays of his contemporary Aristophanes. Many would claim that Plato's dialogues are the most comprehensive accounts of Socrates to survive from antiquity.
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T. E. Lawrence
Lieutenant Colonel Thomas Edward Lawrence, CB, DSO (16 August 1888 – 19 May 1935), known professionally as T. E. Lawrence, was a British Army officer renowned especially for his liaison role during the Arab Revolt against Ottoman Turkish rule of 1916–18. The extraordinary breadth and variety of his activities and associations, and his ability to describe them vividly in writing, have
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Uqailids
http://wn.com/Uqailids -
Zaki al-Arsuzi
Zakī al-Arsūzī (in Arabic: زكي الأرسوزي) born Latakia June 1899, died Damascus July 1968) was a Syrian political activist and writer, and is widely regarded as a main inspiration for the Ba'ath Party. He was an influential theoretician of Arab nationalism.
http://wn.com/Zaki_al-Arsuzi
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Akkar
http://wn.com/Akkar -
Alawite Mountains
http://wn.com/Alawite_Mountains -
Antakya
Antakya (, Anṭākyä; from , Antiókheia or Antiócheia) is the seat of the Hatay Province in southern Turkey, near the border with Syria. In ancient times the city was known as Antioch and has historical significance for Christianity, being the place where the followers of Jesus Christ were called Christians for the very first time. The city and its massive walls also played an important role during the Crusades.
http://wn.com/Antakya -
Antioch
Antioch on the Orontes (; ; ; Arabic:انطاکیه, Antakya; also Great Antioch or Syrian Antioch) was an ancient city on the eastern side of the Orontes River. It is near the modern city of Antakya, Turkey.
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Asia Minor
http://wn.com/Asia_Minor -
Baniyas
Baniyas () is a city of northwestern Syria, located at the foot of the hill of Qalaat el-Marqab (housign the Crusade castle of Marqab, Margat in western sources), 55 km to the south of Latakia (ancient Laodicea) and 35 km north of Tartous (ancient Tortosa), and a Catholic titular see under the Latin name of Balanea, which is presently vacant.
http://wn.com/Baniyas -
Damascus
Damascus ( , commonly known as الشام ash-Shām also known as the "City of Jasmin" ) is the capital of Syria as well as one of the country's 14 governorates. The Damascus Governorate is ruled by a governor appointed by the Minister of Interior. In addition to being widely known as the oldest continuously inhabited city in the world, Damascus is a major cultural and religious center of the Levant.
http://wn.com/Damascus -
Ghajar
Ghajar (Arabic: غجر) is an Alawite village on the Hasbani River on the border between Lebanon and the Israeli-occupied area of the Golan Heights. It has a population of 2,000.
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Golan Heights
The Golan Heights (, ''Haḍbatu 'l-Jawlān or مرتفعات الجولان, Murtafaʻātu l-Jawlānː , Ramat ha-Golan'' ), sometimes referred to as the Syrian Heights, form a rocky plateau of great strategic importance with an average altitude of and an area totaling . The plateau is located at the southern end of the Anti-Lebanon Mountains and straddles the borders of Syria and Israel. Elevations range from in the north, to below sea level along the Sea of Galilee and the Yarmuk River in the south. Its population numbers around 120,000 and consists mainly of Druze and Jews. A popular tourist destination attracting 3 million tourists a year, the Golan has a rich history and features numerous archeological landmarks, scenic streams, mountains and waterfalls. The Golan Heights contribute significantly to the water resources of the region, providing about 15% of Israel's water supply. The region is also the source of a large proportion of Israel's agricultural production.
http://wn.com/Golan_Heights -
Hama
Ḥamā (ancient Ḥamāth "fortress"; ) is a city on the banks of the Orontes River in central Syria north of Damascus. It is the provincial capital of the Hama Governorate. The city is the location of the historical city Hamath. The population of Hama is 410,000, and the city is the fifth-largest in Syria, after Damascus, Aleppo, Homs and Latakia.
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Hatay Province
Hatay (Antakya) (Arabic: لواء الإسكندرون) is a province in southern Turkey, on the Mediterranean coast, with Syria to the south and east and the Turkish provinces of Adana and Osmaniye to the north. The province is part of Çukurova, a geographical, economical and cultural region that covers the provinces of Mersin, Adana, Osmaniye, and Hatay. The administrative capital is Antakya (Antioch), while the largest city in the province is the port city of İskenderun (Alexandretta). There are border crossing points with Syria in the district of Yayladağı and at Cilvegözü in the district of Reyhanlı.
http://wn.com/Hatay_Province -
Homs
Homs (, , also spelled Hims and anciently called Emesa () is a city in western Syria and the capital of the Homs Governorate. It is above sea level and is located north of Damascus. Located on the Orontes River, Homs is also the central link between the interior cities and the Mediterranean coast.
http://wn.com/Homs -
İskenderun
İskenderun (formerly in Greek Αλεξανδρέττα, Alexandretta; in Arabic الإسكندرون, al-ʼIskandarūn), is a city and district in the province of Hatay on the Mediterranean coast of Turkey. The city is part of Çukurova, a geographical, economical and cultural region.
http://wn.com/İskenderun -
Latakia
Latakia or Latakiyah (and often locally transliterated as Lattakia) ( Al-Ladhiqiyah) is the principal port city of Syria, as well as the capital of the Latakia Governorate. In addition to serving as a port, the city is a manufacturing center for surrounding agricultural towns and villages. Its population in 2009 was 650,558 and consisted of Sunnis, Alawites and Greek Orthodox Christians.
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Lebanon
Lebanon ( or ; ; ), officially the Republic of Lebanon (Arabic: ; French: ), is a country on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea. It is bordered by Syria to the north and east, and Israel to the south. Lebanon's location at the crossroads of the Mediterranean Basin and the Arabian hinterland has dictated its rich history, and shaped a cultural identity of religious and ethnic diversity.
http://wn.com/Lebanon -
Syria
Syria ( ; ' or '), officially the Syrian Arab Republic (), is a country in Western Asia, bordering Lebanon and the Mediterranean Sea to the West, Turkey to the north, Iraq to the east, Jordan to the south, and Israel to the southwest.
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Tartous
http://wn.com/Tartous -
Tripoli (Lebanon)
http://wn.com/Tripoli_(Lebanon) -
United Arab Republic
The United Arab Republic ( Arabic pronunciation Al-Jumhuriyah al-Arabiyah al-Muttahidah, international Arabic pronunciation Al-Jumhuriyah al-Arabiyah al-Muttahidah), often abbreviated as the U.A.R., was a union between Egypt and Syria. The union began in 1958 and existed until 1961 when Syria seceded from the union. Egypt continued to be known officially as the "United Arab Republic" until 1971. The President was Gamal Abdel Nasser. During most of its existence (1958-1961) it was a member of the United Arab States, a confederation with North Yemen.
http://wn.com/United_Arab_Republic -
Çukurova
Çukurova (formerly Cilicia) is a geographic, economic and cultural region in south-central Turkey, covering the provinces of Mersin, Adana, Osmaniye and Hatay. With a population of 5.62 million, it is one of the largest population concentrations in Turkey.
http://wn.com/Çukurova
- `Ali
- Accent (linguistics)
- Ahl-e Haqq
- Akkar
- al-Khasibi
- Alaouites
- Alawite Mountains
- Aleppo
- Alevi
- Ali
- Ali Eid
- Amal Movement
- Ansari
- Antakya
- anthropometric
- Antioch
- Apostasy in Islam
- Arab nationalism
- Arab World
- Arabic alphabet
- Arabic language
- Arabs in Turkey
- Armenians
- Asia Minor
- Ba'ath Party
- Bahá'í Faith
- Baniyas
- Bashar al-Assad
- Batin (Islam)
- Bektashi
- Bektashis
- Byzantine Empire
- Bábism
- Canaan
- Christian
- Christianity
- Cilicia
- commerce
- Conservatism
- Damascus
- Druze
- euphemism
- exogamy
- falconry
- fast
- fatwa
- Felix von Luschan
- Fellah
- Ghajar
- Golan Heights
- Hafez al-Assad
- Hama
- Hamdanids
- Hasan al Askari
- Hatay Province
- Hittites
- Homs
- Ibn Kathir
- Ibn Nusayr
- İskenderun
- Islam
- Ismaili
- Ismailism
- Kafir
- Kitab al Majmu
- Latakia
- League of Nations
- Lebanese Australian
- Lebanon
- leftist
- Levantine Arabic
- Louis Massignon
- Maronites
- Michel Aflaq
- middle-class
- Mirdasids
- mother tongue
- Moussa Sader
- Muhammad
- Musa al-Sadr
- Muslim
- Naw Ruz
- Ottoman Empire
- pagans
- Patrick Seale
- patrilineal
- pilgrimage
- plebiscite
- polytheists
- professional
- Qumm
- Qur'an
- Qurban
- Salah Jadid
- Salman Al Murshid
- Salman al-Farsi
- Samuel Lyde
- secularism
- secularist
- shaikh
- Shariah
- Shi'i
- Shia Islam
- Shirk (Islam)
- social mobility
- Socrates
- Sunni
- Sunni Islam
- Sunni Muslim
- Surahs
- Syncretism
- Syria
- Syrian Air Force
- T. E. Lawrence
- Taif Agreement
- Tartous
- transportation
- Tripoli (Lebanon)
- True Path Party
- Turkish language
- Twelvers
- Ulama
- unbelievers
- United Arab Republic
- Uqailids
- vocabulary
- World War II
- Yezidis
- Zahir (Islam)
- Zaki al-Arsuzi
- Çukurova
- ‘Alawīs in Turkey
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The Shirk of the Alawi religion/regime: "Assad is our Lord" "We will push Allah into a corner"
Translation: A compendium of shocking clips exposing the blatant shirk of the Alawi religion. This is the non-Islamic cult whose Assad family was given patronage and leadership of Syria by the west under the Eisenhower presidency and thereafter. Through the personality-cult built around the Assad family, the Muslims of Syria have been denied self rule. TRANSCRIPT: Horns of the Syrian Regime Encroachment on the Divine Presenter: Go ahead Caller: Ask my Sons, Ask my Father, Ask my Grandfather, Ask my In-Laws, Ask Al-Wahid Al-Ahad (Allah SWT), Ask whomever you wish, Bathist is My Deen, and My Rabb (Lord) is Bashar Al-Assad. Presenter: It is like when someone loves a girl so much, he tells her "I worship you" And now, while I am On Air, I challenge you and the One who created you (Allah SWT) to prove that the security in Syria is responsible for cutting her (up) And who is going to push Us (Syria) into a corner? Whoever pushes us into a corner, we will push Allah, the one who created him (ie the one who created the one pushing syria into a corner) into a corner Host: I seek refuge in Allah the Most High The Great. We can't, we can't, Sir , No one can put Syria into a Corner. No one can For Us, , We worship Bashar Al-Assad before we do Allah. And I tell it you like that. But Allah is Exalted, high above the partners they ascribe to Him. Allah Is The Greatest, above all of the tyrants.
http://wn.com/The_Shirk_of_the_Alawi_religion/regime_Assad_is_our_Lord_We_will_push_Allah_into_a_corner
chaykh Alawi-comedey way 2
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:42
- Published: 18 Mar 2009
- Uploaded: 12 Dec 2011
- Author: tchanchwan
Syria - Alawis Onslought On Sunni Muslims by Abu Izzadeen
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 37:43
- Published: 16 Aug 2011
- Uploaded: 14 Dec 2011
- Author: XAbuAbdullahX
www.izharudeen.com
http://wn.com/Syria__Alawis_Onslought_On_Sunni_Muslims_by_Abu_Izzadeen
Short Notes On Sidi Shaykh Ahmad Al Alawi
Short Notes On Sidi Shaykh Ahmad Al Alawi
http://wn.com/Short_Notes_On_Sidi_Shaykh_Ahmad_Al_Alawi
FULL INTERVIEW - Hashim Sisters and Zahra Al-Alawi
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 44:51
- Published: 26 Jul 2011
- Uploaded: 17 Dec 2011
- Author: shadowfax121
Womans View - Ahlulbayt TV An exclusive interview with Hashim Sisters, three sisters who dedicate their time to recite eulogy in praise of the Ahlulbayt (as). WATCH Zahra Al-Alawi and Hashim Sisters as they speak about eulogy reciting.
http://wn.com/FULL_INTERVIEW__Hashim_Sisters_and_Zahra_Al-Alawi
Interview Hashim Sisters and Zahra Al-Alawi (Advert)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:58
- Published: 15 Jul 2011
- Uploaded: 16 Dec 2011
- Author: ahlulbaytTV
An exclusive interview with Hashim Sisters, three sisters who dedicate their time to recite eulogy in praise of the Ahlulbayt (as). JOIN Zahra Al-Alawi and Hashim Sisters as they speak about eulogy reciting. For more information please join: www.facebook.com
http://wn.com/Interview_Hashim_Sisters_and_Zahra_Al-Alawi_Advert
Shaykh Muhammad Bin Alawi Al Maliki With Shaykh Mustafa Turkmani And Other 'Ulama In Damascus
Rare Footage Of Sidi Shaykh Muhammad Bin Alawi Al Maliki With Shaykh Mustafa Turkmani And Other 'Ulama In Damascus
http://wn.com/Shaykh_Muhammad_Bin_Alawi_Al_Maliki_With_Shaykh_Mustafa_Turkmani_And_Other_'Ulama_In_Damascus
Mamosta Mohammad Alawi Basi Shirk
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 56:00
- Published: 23 May 2011
- Uploaded: 03 Sep 2011
- Author: QuranBaKurdi
Mamosta Mohammed Alawikrekar mamosta ali bapir mamosta hawre mamosta sherzad mamosta salahadin bahadin Haji Karwan mas3ud barzani jalal talabani payam tv speda tv kurdsat tv kurdistan tv knn tv kurdistan slemany hawler karkuk dhok
http://wn.com/Mamosta_Mohammad_Alawi_Basi_Shirk
Shaykh Muhammad ibn `Alawi al-Maliki Meets Shaykh Mahmud Efendi
Shaykh Muhammad ibn `Alawi al-Maliki Meets Shaykh Mahmud Efendi
http://wn.com/Shaykh_Muhammad_ibn_`Alawi_al-Maliki_Meets_Shaykh_Mahmud_Efendi
EP1: Zakira Shyrose & Zahra Al-Alawi RE Female Speakers
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 34:20
- Published: 11 Jun 2011
- Uploaded: 07 Dec 2011
- Author: shadowfax121
Womens View: PART1 Join Zahra Al-Alawi as she interviews Zakira Shyrose Jaffer Dhalla on the topic of female islamic lecturers. Please join us on Facebook for the latest updates: www.facebook.com
http://wn.com/EP1_Zakira_Shyrose_Zahra_Al-Alawi_RE_Female_Speakers
WV: Imam Ali Lecture - Zahra Al-Alawi (Advert)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:46
- Published: 17 Jun 2011
- Uploaded: 03 Dec 2011
- Author: ahlulbaytTV
On the most auspicious occasion, the birth of Imam Ali (as), Womans View presents to you a lecture by Zahra Al-Alawi on the "Concept of Wiliyah". Tuesday 21st June 2011 16:00 UK Please join us on Facebook for the latest updates: www.facebook.com
http://wn.com/WV_Imam_Ali_Lecture__Zahra_Al-Alawi_Advert
EP2: Zakira Shyrose & Zahra Al-Alawi RE Female Speakers
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 43:28
- Published: 11 Jun 2011
- Uploaded: 29 Nov 2011
- Author: shadowfax121
PART2 Join Zahra Al-Alawi as she interviews Zakira Shyrose Jaffer Dhalla on the topic of female islamic lecturers. Please join us on Facebook for the latest updates: www.facebook.com
http://wn.com/EP2_Zakira_Shyrose_Zahra_Al-Alawi_RE_Female_Speakers
Shaykh Bin Alawi Al Maliki Makki wrote Risalah on Dr Tahir ul Qadri & Gave Special Ijazah of Hadith
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:56
- Published: 23 Jun 2011
- Uploaded: 24 Oct 2011
- Author: ServingIslam
Janazah of Syed Muhammad bin Alawi Al Maliki (ra)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:49
- Published: 27 Dec 2010
- Uploaded: 13 Dec 2011
- Author: EshqeRasool
This video is very rare on the web so i decided to upload it. It is the funeral of the very famous muhaddith of the haram shareef in Makkatul Mukarramah, Sheikh Syed Muhammad bin Alawi al Maliki al Makki (ra), one of the leading sunni alims during his time. Throughout the generations, it was the family of this household who were the imams and muhaddiths of the blessed haram shareef. He is another proof of the fact that we sunnis are on the right path and that the observation of the mawlid and other sunni practices are not only carried out in the Indian subcontinent but also in the heart of the capital of Islam by the decendants of the Holy Prophet Muhammad (SAW). May Allah (SWA) grant this pious man jannatul firdaus as he was truly a wise scholar of the true path and the path of the Mustafa (SAW). His older brother, Syed Abbas bin Alawi attended a mawlid event at the Brick lane mosque very recently too. The father of this grand sheikh, Hazrat Sheikh Syed Alawi bin Abbas al Maliki Al Makki was also the teacher of hadith of the khalifah hazrat Fultoli saheb (ra), Hazrat Allama Mufti Muhammad Mujahi Uddin Chodhury Dubagi saheb. The late Sheikh Alawi used to give dars-e-hadith at the Haram at an appointed time every week before the Wahabi ulama stopped this and removed him from his post due to his sunni beliefs. Sheikh Muhammad bin Alawi was also banished from the lands of the Hijaz due to the same reasons and his books were also banned. However, this law could not be held by <b>...</b>
http://wn.com/Janazah_of_Syed_Muhammad_bin_Alawi_Al_Maliki_ra
RE: Muslim-Christian dialogue (2) PT1 - Amina Inloes & Zahra Al-Alawi
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 16:57
- Published: 31 Oct 2011
- Uploaded: 24 Nov 2011
- Author: shadowfax121
Womans View - Ahlulbayt TV Broadcasted Live on: 27th September 2011 Similarities and differences in the Muslim-Christian dialogue (2) PT1 WATCH Zahra Al-Alawi and Amina Inloes, as they discuss "Similarities and differences in the Muslim-Christian dialogue (2)". This show was a LIVE interactive show. Any comments regarding this show or any of our future shows please email: womansview@ahlulbayt.tv. Follow us on twitter: @zahraalawi Join us on Facebook: facebook.com/womansview
http://wn.com/RE_Muslim-Christian_dialogue_2_PT1__Amina_Inloes_Zahra_Al-Alawi
FULL INTERVIEW - Hashim Sisters and Zahra Al-Alawi
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 44:51
- Published: 30 Jul 2011
- Uploaded: 18 Dec 2011
- Author: ShiaSisters
Join: www.facebook.com maintained by Shi'a Sisters Interview with Hashim Sisters broadcasted on Womans View on Ahlulbayt TV on Tuesday 19th July 2011 with Sr. Zahra Al-Alawi. Sr. Mahum, Saania and Adeeya, three sisters who dedicate their time to recite eulogy in praise of the Ahlulbayt (as). Watch Sr. Zahra Al-Alawi and Hashim Sisters as they speak about eulogy reciting. Hashim Sisters Official Website: www.hashimsisters.com Woman's View Facebook page www.facebook.com
http://wn.com/FULL_INTERVIEW__Hashim_Sisters_and_Zahra_Al-Alawi
Physical & Social Hijab for both genders PT1 - Sheikh Mohammad Hilli & Zahra Al-Alawi
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 37:58
- Published: 29 Sep 2011
- Uploaded: 27 Nov 2011
- Author: shadowfax121
Physical & Social Hijab for both genders PT1 - Sheikh Mohammad Hilli & Zahra Al-Alawi On Saturday 24th September, on the Shahadat eve of our holy 6th Imam Jafar Sadiq (as), Hyderi Islamic centre & Ahlulbayt TV held a LIVE audience question time style interactive show with Sheikh Mohammad Hilli and Zahra Al-Alawi. Watch here for the full episode. For any comments or future suggestions on this shows and similar shows email Ahlulbayt TV (info@ahlulbayt.tv) or Hyderi Islamic Centre (hyderi@hyderi.org.uk).
http://wn.com/Physical_Social_Hijab_for_both_genders_PT1__Sheikh_Mohammad_Hilli_Zahra_Al-Alawi
From Judaism to Islam - Wearing Hijab - Leyla Hussain & Zahra Al-Alawi FULL INTERVIEW
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 33:45
- Published: 25 Jul 2011
- Uploaded: 14 Dec 2011
- Author: shadowfax121
Womans View - Global Hijab Awareness Meet Leyla Hussain, a Jewish convert to Islam. WATCH Zahra Al-Alawi and Leyla Hussain, as Leyla speaks about her conversion and wearing Hijab as well as speaking about the obstacles faced! For more information please visit: www.facebook.com/womansview
http://wn.com/From_Judaism_to_Islam__Wearing_Hijab__Leyla_Hussain_Zahra_Al-Alawi_FULL_INTERVIEW
Approaching prayer PT1 - Amina Inloes & Zahra Al-Alawi
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 27:38
- Published: 07 Sep 2011
- Uploaded: 16 Nov 2011
- Author: shadowfax121
Womans View - Ahlulbayt TV Broadcasted Live on: 23rd August 2011 Approaching prayer PT1 WATCH Zahra Al-Alawi and Amina Inloes, as they discuss "Approaching prayer PT1". This show was a LIVE interactive show. Any comments regarding this show or any of our future shows please email: womansview@ahlulbayt.tv. Follow us on twitter: @zahraalawi Join us on Facebook: facebook.com/womansview
http://wn.com/Approaching_prayer_PT1__Amina_Inloes_Zahra_Al-Alawi
Physical & Social Hijab for both genders PT2 - Sheikh Mohammad Hilli & Zahra Al-Alawi
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 29:05
- Published: 29 Sep 2011
- Uploaded: 24 Nov 2011
- Author: shadowfax121
Physical & Social Hijab for both genders PT2 - Sheikh Mohammad Hilli & Zahra Al-Alawi On Saturday 24th September, on the Shahadat eve of our holy 6th Imam Jafar Sadiq (as), Hyderi Islamic centre & Ahlulbayt TV held a LIVE audience question time style interactive show with Sheikh Mohammad Hilli and Zahra Al-Alawi. Watch here for the full episode. For any comments or future suggestions on this shows and similar shows email Ahlulbayt TV (info@ahlulbayt.tv) or Hyderi Islamic Centre (hyderi@hyderi.org.uk).
http://wn.com/Physical_Social_Hijab_for_both_genders_PT2__Sheikh_Mohammad_Hilli_Zahra_Al-Alawi
Shia and Sunni Marriages PT1 - Leyla Hussain & Zahra Al-Alawi
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 21:41
- Published: 19 Sep 2011
- Uploaded: 15 Dec 2011
- Author: shadowfax121
Womans View - Ahlulbayt TV Broadcasted Live on: 6th September 2011 Shia and Sunni Marriages PT1 WATCH Zahra Al-Alawi and Leyla Hussain, as they discuss "Shia and Sunni Marriages PT1". This show was a LIVE interactive show. Any comments regarding this show or any of our future shows please email: womansview@ahlulbayt.tv. Follow us on twitter: @zahraalawi Join us on Facebook: facebook.com/womansview
http://wn.com/Shia_and_Sunni_Marriages_PT1__Leyla_Hussain_Zahra_Al-Alawi
![Lauren Booth interview with Zahra Al-Alawi [1/3]](http://web.archive.org./web/20111225004101im_/http://i.ytimg.com/vi/drURbjYKvhg/0.jpg "Lauren Booth interview with Zahra Al-Alawi [1/3]")
Lauren Booth interview with Zahra Al-Alawi [1/3]
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 11:47
- Published: 25 Nov 2010
- Uploaded: 07 Nov 2011
- Author: ahlulbaytTV
In an exclusive interview, Lauren Booth sister in law of Tony Blair speaks candidly to Zahra Al-Alawi about the public reaction towards her becoming a veiled Muslim women, while also discussing many areas which affect Muslim women living in the west. For more information please visit: www.ahlulbayt.tv
http://wn.com/Lauren_Booth_interview_with_Zahra_Al-Alawi_ 1/3
photo: US DoD / DOD
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| group | Alawis علوية |
|---|---|
| founder | |
| population | About 4 million |
| region1 | |
| pop1 | About 3.5 million |
| region2 | |
| pop2 | An estimated 100,000 |
| region3 | |
| pop3 | About 450,000 thousand |
| region4 | Lebanon/Golan Heights |
| pop4 | About 2000 live in Ghajar |
| region5 | |
| pop5 | Alawites comprise 2% of Lebanese born people in Australia |
| rels | Shia Islam |
| scrips | Qur'an, Kitab al Majmu |
| langs | Arabic, Turkish}} |
The Alawis, also known as Alawites, Nusayris and Ansaris (‘Alawīyyah , , and ) are a prominent mystical and syncretic religious group centred in Syria who are often described as a branch of Shia Islam.
Etymology
The Alawis take their name from cousin and son-in-law of , who was the first Shi'a Imam and the fourth and last "Rightly Guided Caliph" of Sunni Islam.
Until fairly recently Alawis were referred to as "Nusairis", named after Abu Shu'ayb Muhammad ibn Nusayr (d. ca 270 h, 863 AD) who is reported to have attended the circles of the last three Imams of the prophet Muhammad's line. This name is considered derogatory, and Alawis refer to themselves as Alawis. Nusairis have allegedly "generally preferred" to be called 'Alawis, because of its association with 'Ali ibn Abi Talib, rather than Abu Shu'ayb Muhammad Ibn Nusayr. In September 1920, French occupational forces instituted the policy of referring to them by the term "'Alawi".
In older sources they are often referred to as Ansaris, as this is how they referred to themselves, according to the Reverend Samuel Lyde, who lived among Alawis in the mid-19th century. Another source states that "Ansari", as referring to Alawites, is simply a Western mistransliteration of Nosairi.
Alawis are distinct from the Turkish-based Alevi religious sect, although the terms share similar etymologies.
History
The origin of the Alawis is disputed. The Alawis themselves trace their origins to the followers of the eleventh Imām, Hassan al-'Askarī (d. 873), and his pupil (d. 868).
The sect seems to have been organised by a follower of known as al-Khasibi, who died in Aleppo about 969. In 1032 Al-Khaṣībī's grandson and pupil al-Tabarani moved to Latakia, which was then controlled by the Byzantine Empire. Al-Tabarani became the perfector of the Alawi faith through his numerous writings. He and his pupils converted the rural population of the Syrian Coastal Mountain Range and the plain of Cilicia to the Alawi faith. Samuel Lyde believed the population was of ancient Canaanite origins, but that parts had come from where the sect originated. Professor Felix von Luschan (1911), according to his conclusions from anthropometric measurements, makes the Druze, Maronites, and Alawites, together with the Armenians, Bektashis, ‘Ali-Ilahis, and Yezidis of Asia Minor and Persia, the modern representatives of the ancient Hittites.
Under the Ottoman Empire they were ill treated, and they resisted an attempt to convert them to Sunni Islam. They revolted against the Ottomans on several occasions, and maintained virtual autonomy in their mountains. T. E. Lawrence wrote of their isolationism: "The sect, vital in itself, was clannish in feeling and politics. One Nosairi would not betray another, and would hardly not betray an unbeliever." After the fall of the Ottoman Empire, Syria and Lebanon came under a French mandate. The French, when they occupied Syria in 1920, recognized the term "Alawi", gave autonomy to them and other minority groups, and accepted them into their colonial troops. Under the mandate, many Alawi chieftains supported the notion of a separate Alawi nation and tried to convert their autonomy into independence. A territory of "Alaouites" was created in 1925. In May 1930, the Government of Latakia was created; it lasted until February 28, 1937, when it was incorporated into Syria.
In 1939 a portion of northwest Syria, the Sanjak of Alexandretta, now Hatay, that contained a large number of Alawis, was given to Turkey by the French following a plebiscite carried out in the province under the guidance of League of Nations which favored joining Turkey. However, this development greatly angered the Alawi community and Syrians in general. In 1938, the Turkish military had gone into Alexandretta and expelled most of its Arab and Armenian inhabitants. Before this, Alawi Arabs and Armenians were the majority of the province's population Zaki al-Arsuzi, the young Alawi leader from Iskandarun province in the Sanjak of Alexandretta, who led the resistance to the annexation of his province to the Turks, later became a founder of the Ba'ath Party along with the Eastern Orthodox Christian schoolteacher Michel Aflaq. After World War II, Salman Al Murshid played a major role in uniting the Alawi province with Syria. He was executed by the newly independent Syrian government in Damascus on December 12, 1946 only three days after a hasty political trial.
Syria became independent on April 17, 1946. Following the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, Syria endured a succession of military coups in 1949, the rise of the Ba'ath Party, and unification of the country with Egypt in the United Arab Republic in 1958. The UAR lasted for three years and broke apart in 1961, when a group of army officers seized power and declared Syria independent again. A further succession of coups ensued until a secretive military committee, which included a number of disgruntled Alawi officers, including Hafez al-Assad and Salah Jadid, helped the Ba'ath Party take power in 1963. In 1966, Alawi-oriented military officers successfully rebelled and expelled the old Ba'ath that had looked to the Christian Michel Aflaq and the Sunni Muslim Salah al-Din al-Bitar for leadership. They promoted Zaki al-Arsuzi as the "Socrates" of their reconstituted Ba'ath Party.
In 1970, then-Air Force General Hafez al-Assad, an Alawite, took power and instigated a "Correctionist Movement" in the Ba'ath Party. His coming to power has been compared to "an untouchable becoming maharajah in India or a Jew becoming tsar in Russia—an unprecedented development shocking to the majority population which had monopolized power for so many centuries."
In 1971 al-Assad became president of Syria, a function that the Constitution allows only a Sunni Muslim to hold. In 1973 a new constitution was published that omitted the old requirement that the religion of the state is Islam and replaced it with the statement that the religion of the republic's president is Islam. Protests erupted when the statement was altered, and to satisfy this requirement in 1974, Musa Sadr, a leader of the Twelvers of Lebanon and founder of the Amal Movement who had earlier sought to unite Lebanese Alawis and Shias under the Supreme Islamic Shiite Council without success, issued a fatwa stating that Alawis were a community of Twelver Shia Muslims. Under the dictatorial but secular Assad regime, religious minorities were tolerated, political dissent was not.
After the death of Hafez al-Assad in 2000, his son Bashar al-Assad maintained the outlines of his father's regime. Although the Alawis comprise the entirety of the top military and intelligence offices, government employees from lower bureaucratic ranks are largely from the majority Sunni Muslim faith, who represent about 74% of Syria's population. Today the Alawis exist as a minority, but are the most politically powerful sect in Syria and the only one with directly government control.
Beliefs
Alawis are self-described Shi'i Muslims, and have been called Shia by other sources including the highly influential Lebanese Shia cleric Musa al-Sadr of Lebanon. On the other hand, no sunni authority has ever categorized Alawites as Muslims. Ibn Kathir and other respected Sunni scholars historically categorized them as pagans in their religious works and documents. At least one source has compared them to Baha'is, Babis, Bektashis, Ahmadis, and "similar groups that have arisen within the Muslim community", and declared that "it has always been the consensus of the Muslim Ulama, both Sunni and Shi'i, that the Nusayri Alawi are kuffar unbelievers and mushrikun polytheists." On the other hand, the prominent Sunni Grand Mufti of Jerusalem, Mohammad Amin al-Husayni, issued a fatwah recognizing them as part of the Muslim community in the wake of Arab nationalism.The Alawite sect initially resisted encouragement to be categorized as Shi'ite Muslims. Alawites have had a mixed view of themselves propagated. Ali Sulayman al-Ahmad, chief judge of the Alawite state, replied “We are Alawi Muslims. Our book is the Quran. Our prophet is Muhammad. The Ka`ba is our qibla, and our religion is Islam.”
Heterodox
Many of the tenets of the faith are secret and known only to a select few Alawi. In the 19th century, however, an Alawite named Sulaiman al-Adni converted to Christianity and in 1863, compiled a book called Al-Bakurah as-Suliamaniya fi Kashf Asrar ad-Diyanah an-Nusairiyah (The First Fruits of Sulaiman in Revealing the Secrets of the Nusairi Religion). Orientalists like Louis Massignon gained access to a number of Nusairi manuscripts.According to some sources, Alawis have integrated doctrines from other religions (Syncretism), in particular from Ismaili Islam and Christianity. According to scholar Cyril Glasse, it is thought that "as a small, historically beleaguered ethnic group", the Alawi "absorbed elements" from the different religions that influenced their area from Hellenistic times onward, while maintaining their own beliefs, and "pretended to adhere to the dominant religion of the age." Alawites are reported to celebrate certain Christian festivals, "in their own way", including Christmas, Easter, and Palm Sunday, and their religious ceremonies make use of bread and wine. According to Matti Moosa, a "leading scholar of the Nusayris",
The Christian elements in the Nusayri religion are unmistakable. They include the concept of trinity; the celebration of Christmas, the consecration of the Qurban, that is, the sacrament of the flesh and blood which Christ offered to his disciples, and, most important, the celebration of the Quddas (a lengthy prayer proclaiming the divine attributes of Ali and the personification of all the biblical patriarchs from Adam to Simon Peter, founder of the Church, who is seen, paradoxically, as the embodiment of true Islam).
Glasse writes that they also practice a religious feast called by the Persian name Naw Ruz. Alawis have much in common with the Ismailis in terms of overall beliefs, and they are sometimes regarded as "an offshoot of this group." According to scholar Umar F. Abd-Allah, who uses Sulaiman al-Adni's book along with other sources, the Alawis, like the Ismailis and related groups, believe that the Shariah has both an esoteric, allegorical (Batini) meaning and an exoteric, literal (zahiri) meaning and that only the hidden meaning is intended. Alawis believe the esoteric meaning is known only to the Imams and later to the Bab and was hidden even to the Islamic prophet Muhammad himself. Only the Bab has access to this esoteric meaning in the absence of the Imam.
Alawis believe in a "trinity" or "schema" of `Ain-Mim-Sin, which stands for `Ali, Muhammad, and Salman al-Farsi, the Persian Companion of Muhammad. Muhammad is known as ism, or "name", Ali as bab, or "door", and Salman al-Farsi as ma'na, or "meaning", with both Muhammad and Ali considered to be emanations of Salman al-Farsi. According to Abd-Allah, each of these three is said to have been an incarnation of God. Ali, however, constitutes the most important part of this trinity. The Alawi testimony of faith is: `I have borne witness that there is no God but He, the most High, the object of worship and that there is no concealing veil (hijab) except the lord Muhammad, the object of praise, (as-Sayyid Muhmmad al-Mahmud), and there is not Bab except the lord Salman al-Farisi` The Nusairis believe in the subsequent incarnation of God in other persons after the passing of `Ali, Muhammad, and Salman al-Farisi...
Some sources have suggested that the non-Muslim nature of many of the historical Alawi beliefs notwithstanding, Alawi beliefs may have changed in recent decades. In the early 1970s a booklet entitled al-`Alawiyyun Shi'atu Ahl al-Bait (The Alawis are Followers of the Household of the Prophet), was issued in which doctrines of the Imami Shi'ah were described as 'Alawi, and which was "signed by of numerous `Alawi` men of religion". This book and Musa Sadr's proclamation have led one scholar to wonder whether "a mass conversion from Nusairism to Shi'ah Islam" has taken place. Another scholar suggests that factors such as the high profile of Alawi in Syria, the strong aversion of the Muslim majority to apostasy, and the relative lack of importance of religious doctrine to Alawi identity may have induced Syrian leader Hafez al-Assad and his successor son to press their fellow Alawi "to behave like 'regular Muslims', shedding or at least concealing their distinctive aspects."
Alawis have their own scholars, referred to as shaikhs, although more recently there has been a movement to bring Alawism and the other branches of Twelver Islam together through educational exchange programs in Syria and Qumm.
Distinct Alawi beliefs include the belief that prayers are not necessary, they don't fast, nor perform pilgrimage, nor have specific places of worship. Ultimately they reject the Five Pillars of Islam and mainstream religious practice. This is likely due to the Qur'an only being a secondary religious source from them. Their theology and methodology are primarily derived from the Alawi holy book, Kitab al Majmu which contains 16 distinct sections, called Surahs, after the Qur'an chapter names.
Population
Syria
Traditionally Alawis have lived in the Alawite Mountains along the Mediterranean coast of Syria. Latakia and Tartous are the region's principal cities. Today Alawis are also concentrated in the plains around Hama and Homs. Alawis also live in all major cities of Syria. They have been estimated to constitute about 10% of Syria's population (which would be in 2011 about 2 million people of about 23.1 million people in Syria).There are four Alawi confederations — Kalbiyah, Khaiyatin, Haddadin, and Matawirah — each divided into tribes. Alawis are concentrated in the Latakia region of Syria, extending north to Antioch (Antakya), Turkey, and in and around Homs and Hama.
Before 1953 they held reserved seats in the Syrian Parliament, like all other religious communities. After that, including for the 1960 census, there were only general Muslim and Christian categories, without mention of subgroups in order to reduce "communalism" (taïfiyya).
Lebanon
There are an estimated 40.000 to 100,000 Alawis in Lebanon, where they are recognized as one of the 18 official Lebanese sects. Due to the efforts of their leader Ali Eid, the Taif Agreement of 1989 gave them two reserved seats in the Parliament. Lebanese Alawis live mostly in the Jabal Mohsen neighbourhood of Tripoli and Akkar, in 15 villages, and are mainly represented by the Arab Democratic Party.
Turkey
In order to avoid confusion with Alevis, they prefer the self-appellation Arap Alevileri ("Arab Alevis") in Turkish. The term Nusayrī, which used to exist in (often polemical) theological texts is also revived in recent studies. In Çukurova, they are named as Fellah and Arabuşağı, the latter considered highly offensive by Alawis, by the Sunni population. A quasi-official name used particularly in 1930s by Turkish authorities was Eti Türkleri ("Hittite Turks"), in order to conceal their Arab origins. Today, this term is almost obsolete but it is still used by some people of older generations as a euphemism.The exact number of ‘Alawī in Turkey is unknown, but there were 185 000 Alawis in 1970 (this number suggest ca 400 000 in 2009). As Muslims, they are not recorded separately from Sunnis in ID registration. In the 1965 census (the last Turkish census where informants were asked their mother tongue), 180,000 people in the three provinces declared their mother tongue as Arabic. However, Arabic-speaking Sunni and Christian people are also included in this figure.
Alawis traditionally speak the same dialect of Levantine Arabic with Syrian Alawis. Arabic is best preserved in rural communities and Samandağ. Younger people in Çukurova cities and (to a lesser extent) in İskenderun tend to speak Turkish. Turkish spoken by ‘Alawī is distinguished by ‘Alawī and non-‘Alawī alike with its particular accents and vocabulary. Knowledge of Arabic alphabet is confined to religious leaders and men who had worked or studied in Arab countries.
‘Alawī show a considerable pattern of social mobility. Until 1960s, they used to work bound to Sunni aghas around Antakya and they were among the poorest folk in Çukurova. Today, ‘Alawī are prominent in economic sectors such as transportation and commerce. A large professional middle-class had also emerged.
In recent years, there has been a tendency of exogamy, particularly among males who had attended universities and/or had lived in other parts of Turkey. These marriages are highly tolerated but exogamy of women, as with other patrilineal groups, is usually disfavoured.
‘Alawī , like Alevis, mainly have strong leftist political preferences. However, some people in rural areas (usually members of notable ‘Alawī families) may be found supporting secularist conservative parties such as True Path Party. Most ‘Alawī s feel discriminated by the policies of Diyanet İşleri Başkanlığı.
Golan Heights
There are also about 2000 Alawis living in the village of Ghajar, split between Lebanon and the Israeli-occupied Golan Heights.See also
References
;Notes
External links
Category:Alawites Category:Arab groups Category:Esoteric schools of thought Category:Ethnoreligious groups Category:Fertile Crescent Category:Islamic mysticism Category:Shi'a Islamic sects Category:Twelvers Category:Ja'fari Category:Shi'a communities
ar:علويون (طائفة) ca:Secta dels alawites da:Alawisme de:Nusairier et:Alaviidid es:Alauismo eo:Alavitoj fa:علوی fr:Alaouites it:Alauiti he:עלאווים lt:Alavitai ms:Alawit nl:Alawieten ja:アラウィー派 no:Alawiter pl:Alawizm pt:Alauitas ro:Alawi ru:Алавиты sv:Nusayrier tr:Nusayriler uk:АлавітиThis text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
