Altena is a town in the district Märkischer Kreis, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is situated on the Lenne river valley, north of the Sauerland.
In 1308 the County was elevated to the status of a Duchy.
In 1367 the settlement below the castle received the right to become a free trade zone.
In 1609 the whole Duchy became part of Brandenburg, and later of Prussia. Even though Altena never officially acquired city rights, it was then nevertheless the capital of the district Altena.
In 1968 Altena was merged with the municipality Dahle, most parts of Evingsen (formerly part of Hemer), the Rahmede valley and part of Nachrodt-Wiblingwerde to form the present city. The districts of Altena and Lüdenscheid were merged into one district, which in 1975 became the Märkischer Kreis.
In 1912 the world's first youth hostel was created by Richard Schirrmann inside the castle. The old rooms are still on display, and new rooms inside the castle area are still part of the hostel now.
The dominant industry in Altena was wire production, and thus it has a museum dedicated to this industry only, the Drahtmuseum.
See also: Burgrock
The coat of arms is quite old: a seal from the 15th century already depicts the same elements. In its current design it was created by Otto Hupp in 1938.
Category:1609 disestablishments Category:Towns in North Rhine-Westphalia Category:States and territories established in the 10th century
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A member of the Globe Unity Orchestra, and a touring double-bass player, Kowald collaborated with a large number of European free jazz and American free-jazz players during his career, including Peter Brötzmann, Irène Schweizer, Karl Berger, Fred Anderson, Hamid Drake, Karl E. H. Seigfried, Conny Bauer, Jeffrey Morgan, Wadada Leo Smith, Günter Sommer, William Parker, Barre Phillips, Joëlle Léandre, Lauren Newton and Evan Parker. He also recorded a number of solo double-bass albums, and was a member of the London Jazz Composer's Orchestra until 1985. He also recorded a number of pioneering double bass duets with Maarten Altena, Barry Guy, Joëlle Léandre, Barre Phillips, William Parker, Damon Smith and Peter Jacquemyn.
In addition, Kowald collaborated extensively with poets and artists and with the dancers Gerlinde Lambeck, Anne Martin (formerly of Pina Bausch Ensemble), Tadashi Endo, Patricia Parker (founder of the Vision Festival), Maria Mitchell, Sally Silvers, Cheryl Banks (formerly of Sun Ra's Arkestra), Arnette de Mille, Sayonara Pereira, and Kazuo Ohno. Specific works included Die Klage der Kaiserin (1989) with Pina Bausch, short pieces (since 1989) with Jean Sasportes, The spirit of adventure (1990) with Anastasia Lyra, Wasser in der Hand (1990/91) with Christine Brunel, and Futan no sentaku/The burden of choice (1990/91) with Min Tanaka and Butch Morris.
Besides his duo work with singers such as Jeanne Lee, Diamanda Galás or Sainkho Namtchylak, Peter was especially interested in his international improvising ensemble Global Village with musicians from different cultural regions of the world: China, Japan, Near East, South Europe, North and South America.
He died of a heart attack in New York City in 2002.
Category:Avant-garde jazz musicians Category:1944 births Category:2002 deaths Category:German jazz musicians Category:jazz double-bassists Category:CIMP artists
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