Events

41 – After a night of negotiation, Claudius is accepted as Roman Emperor by the Senate.

1348 – A strong earthquake strikes the South Alpine region of Friuli in modern Italy, causing considerable damage to buildings as far away as Rome.

1494 – Alfonso II becomes King of Naples.

1533 – Henry VIII of England secretly marries his second wife Anne Boleyn.

1554 – Founding of São Paulo city, Brazil.

1573 – Battle of Mikatagahara, in Japan; Takeda Shingen defeats Tokugawa Ieyasu.

1575 – Luanda, the capital of Angola is founded by the Portuguese navigator Paulo Dias de Novais.

1755 – Moscow University is established on Tatiana Day.

1787 – American Daniel Shays leads a rebellion to seize Federal arsenal to protest debtor's prisons.

1791 – The British Parliament passes the Constitutional Act of 1791 and splits the old Province of Quebec into Upper and Lower Canada.

1792 – The London Corresponding Society is founded.

1858 – The ''Wedding March'' by Felix Mendelssohn becomes a popular wedding recessional after it is played on this day at the marriage of Queen Victoria's daughter, Victoria, and Friedrich of Prussia.

1879 – The Bulgarian National Bank is founded.

1881 – Thomas Edison and Alexander Graham Bell form the Oriental Telephone Company.

1890 – Nellie Bly completes her round-the-world journey in 72 days.

1909 – Richard Strauss' opera ''Elektra'' receives its debut performance at the Dresden State Opera.

1915 – Alexander Graham Bell inaugurates U.S. transcontinental telephone service, speaking from New York to Thomas Watson in San Francisco.

1918 – Ukraine declares independence from Bolshevik Russia.

1919 – The League of Nations is founded.

1924 – The 1924 Winter Olympics opens in Chamonix, France (in the French Alps), inaugurating the Winter Olympic Games.

1932 – Second Sino-Japanese War: The Chinese National Revolutionary Army begins its defense of Harbin.

1937 – ''The Guiding Light'' debuts on NBC radio from Chicago. In 1952 it moves to CBS television, where it remains until Sept. 18, 2009.

1941 – Pope Pius XII elevates the Apostolic Vicariate of the Hawaiian Islands to the dignity of a diocese. It becomes the Roman Catholic Diocese of Honolulu.

1942 – World War II: Thailand declares war on the United States and United Kingdom.

1945 – World War II: The Battle of the Bulge ends.

1946 – The United Mine Workers rejoins the American Federation of Labor.

1949 – At the Hollywood Athletic Club the first Emmy Awards are presented.

1955 – The Soviet Union ends state of war with Germany.

1960 – The National Association of Broadcasters reacts to the Payola scandal by threatening fines for any disc jockeys who accept money for playing particular records.

1961 – In Washington, D.C. John F. Kennedy delivers the first live presidential television news conference.

1969 – Brazilian Army captain Carlos Lamarca deserts in order to fight against the military dictatorship, taking with him 10 machine guns and 63 rifles.

1971 – Charles Manson and three female "Family" members are found guilty of the 1969 Tate-LaBianca murders.

1971 – Idi Amin leads a coup deposing Milton Obote and becomes Uganda's president.

1971 – Himachal Pradesh becomes the 18th Indian state.

1981 – Jiang Qing, the widow of Mao Zedong, is sentenced to death.

1986 – The National Resistance Movement topples the government of Tito Okello in Uganda.

1990 – The Burns' Day storm hits northwestern Europe.

1993 – Five people are shot outside the CIA headquarters in Langley, Virginia resulting in two murders.

1994 – The Clementine space probe launches.

1995 – The Norwegian Rocket Incident: Russia almost launches a nuclear attack after it mistakes Black Brant XII, a Norwegian research rocket, for a US Trident missile.

1996 – Billy Bailey became the last person to be hanged in the United States of America.

1998 – During a historic visit to Cuba, Pope John Paul II demands the release of political prisoners and political reforms while condemning US attempts to isolate the country.

1998 – A suicide attack by the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam on Sri Lanka's Temple of the Tooth kills 8 people and injures 25 others.

1999 – A 6.0 Richter scale earthquake hits western Colombia killing at least 1,000.

2001 – A 50-year-old Douglas DC-3 crashes near Ciudad Bolivar, Venezuela killing 24.

2003 – 2003 Invasion of Iraq: A group of people left London, England, for Baghdad, Iraq, to serve as human shields to prevent the U.S.-led coalition troops from bombing certain locations.

2004 – Opportunity rover (MER-B) lands on surface of Mars.

2005 – A stampede at the Mandher Devi temple in Mandhradevi in India kills at least 258.

2006 – Three independent observing campaigns announce the discovery of OGLE-2005-BLG-390Lb through gravitational microlensing, the first cool rocky/icy extrasolar planet around a main-sequence star.

2006 – Mexican professional wrestler Juana Barraza is arrested in conjunction with the serial killing of at least 10 elderly women.

2010 – Ethiopian Airlines Flight 409 crashes into the Mediterranean Sea shortly after take-off from Beirut Rafic Hariri International Airport, killing all 90 people on-board.

2011 – Egyptian Revolution of 2011 begins in Egypt, with a series of street demonstrations, marches, rallies, acts of civil disobedience, riots, labour strikes, and violent clashes in Cairo, Alexandria, and throughout other cities in Egypt.

Births

750 – Leo IV the Khazar, Byzantine Emperor (d. 780)

1477 – Anna, Duchess of Brittany, wife of Charles VIII of France (d. 1514)

1509 – Giovanni Morone, Italian cardinal (d. 1580)

1615 – Govert Flinck, Dutch painter (d. 1660)

1627 – Robert Boyle, Irish chemist (d. 1691)

1634 – Gaspar Fagel, Dutch statesman (d. 1688)

1640 – William Cavendish, 1st Duke of Devonshire, English soldier and statesman (d. 1707)

1688 – Juraj Jánošík, famous Slovak outlaw (d. 1713)

1736 – Joseph-Louis Lagrange, Italian-born mathematician (d. 1813)

1739 – Charles François Dumouriez, French general (d. 1823)

1743 – Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi, German philosopher (d. 1819)

1755 – Paolo Mascagni, Anatomist (d. 1815)

1759 – Robert Burns, Scottish poet (d. 1796)

1777 – Karoline Jagemann, German actor (d. 1848)

1794 – François-Vincent Raspail, French chemist (d. 1878)

1796 – William MacGillivray, Scottish naturalist and ornithologist (d. 1852)

1813 – James Marion Sims, American physician (d. 1883)

1822 – Charles Reed Bishop, American businessman and philanthropist (d. 1915)

1824 – Michael Madhusudan Dutt, Bengali author. (d. 1873)

1825 – George Pickett, American Confederate General (d. 1875)

1841 – Jackie Fisher, British First Sea Lord (d. 1920)

1858 – Kokichi Mikimoto, Japanese pearl farmer (d. 1954)

1860 – Charles Curtis, 31st Vice President of the United States (d. 1936)

1864 – Julije Kempf, Croatian historian and writer (d. 1934)

1868 – Juventino Rosas, Mexican composer (d. 1894)

1874 – W. Somerset Maugham, English writer (d. 1965)

1878 – Ernst Alexanderson, Swedish television pioneer (d. 1975)

1882 – Virginia Woolf, English writer (d. 1941)

1885 – Kitahara Hakushū, Japanese poet and children's author (d. 1942)

1886 – Wilhelm Furtwängler, German conductor (d. 1954)

1896 – Florence Mills, American cabaret singer, dancer, and comedian (d. 1927)

1899 – Paul-Henri Spaak, Belgian politician (d. 1972)

1900 – István Fekete, Hungarian writer (d. 1970)

1900 – Yojiro Ishizaka, Japanese writer (d. 1986)

1901 – Martin De Alzaga, Argentine racing driver (d. 1982)

1902 – Pablo Antonio, Filipino modernist architect (d. 1975)

1905 – Maurice Roy, French-Canadian Roman Catholic cardinal (d. 1985)

1913 –Huang Hua, Chinese statesman (d. 2010)

1913 – Witold Lutosławski, Polish composer (d. 1994)

1913 – Luis Marden, American photojournalist (d. 2003)

1916 – Frank "Pop" Ivy, American football coach (d. 2003)

1917 – Ilya Prigogine, Russian scientist Nobel Laureate (d. 2003)

1917 – Jânio Quadros, Brazilian politician (d. 1992)

1918 – Ernie Harwell, American baseball sportscaster (d. 2010)

1919 – Edwin Newman, American broadcast journalist (d. 2010)

1921 – Samuel T. Cohen, American physicist (d. 2010)

1923 – Arvid Carlsson, Swedish scientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine

1923 – Rusty Draper, American country and pop singer (d. 2003)

1923 – Shirley Ardell Mason, American psychiatric patient (d. 1998)

1924 – Lou Groza, American football player (d. 2000)

1924 – Speedy West, American musician (d. 2003)

1925 – Giorgos Zampetas, Greek musician and songwriter (d. 1992)

1927 – Antônio Carlos Jobim, Brazilian composer (d. 1994)

1928 – Jérôme Choquette, Quebec lawyer and politician

1928 – Eduard Shevardnadze, President of Georgia (1995–2003)

1929 – Robert Faurisson, French academic and holocaust denier

1929 – Benny Golson, American jazz musician

1930 – Tanya Savicheva, Russian diarist (d. 1944)

1931 – Dean Jones, American actor

1933 – Corazon Aquino, 11^th President of the Philippines (d. 2009)

1935 – Conrad Burns, American politician

1935 – António Ramalho Eanes, Portuguese politician

1936 – Diana Hyland, American actress (d. 1977)

1937 – Judith Ann Mayotte, American humanitarian and author

1937 – Ange-Félix Patassé, Central African Republican politician

1938 – Shotaro Ishinomori, Japanese manga author (d. 1998)

1938 – Etta James, American singer

1938 – Leiji Matsumoto, Japanese anime author

1938 – Vladimir Vysotsky, Russian poet (d. 1980)

1939 – Gabriel Romanus, Swedish politician

1941 – Buddy Baker, American race car driver

1941 – Gregory Sierra, American actor

1942 – Carl Eller, American football player

1942 – Eusébio, Portuguese footballer

1942 – Shinobu Tsukasa, Japanese organized crime figure

1943 – Roy Black, German pop singer (d. 1991)

1943 – Tobe Hooper, American film director

1944 – Anita Pallenberg, Italian model

1945 – John Leslie, American pornographic actor and filmmaker (d. 2010)

1945 – Leigh Taylor-Young, American actress

1947 – Ángel Nieto, Spanish motorcycle racer

1947 – Tostão, Brazilian footballer

1948 – Gueorgui Chichkine, Russian painter

1948 – Ros Kelly, Australian politician

1949 – John Cooper Clarke, English punk-poet

1949 – Paul Nurse, English biochemist, Nobel Laureate

1950 – Gloria Naylor, African American novelist

1950 – John Terry, American actor

1951 – Steve Prefontaine, American runner (d. 1975)

1952 – Sara Mandiano, French singer and songwriter

1952 – Peter Tatchell, Australian-born British LGBT activist

1952 – Timothy White, American journalist (d. 2002)

1953 – The Honky Tonk Man, American professional wrestler

1953 – Mark Weil, Uzbek theatre director (d. 2007)

1954 – Ricardo Bochini, Argentinian footballer

1954 – Kay Cottee, Australian maritime sailor

1954 – Richard Finch, American bass player (KC and the Sunshine Band)

1954 – Kim Gandy, American feminist activist

1955 – Terry Chimes, English musician (The Clash)

1956 – Andy Cox, English musician (The Beat, Fine Young Cannibals)

1957 – Eskil Erlandsson, Swedish politician

1957 – Andrew P. Harris, American politician

1957 – Jenifer Lewis, American actress

1958 – Dinah Manoff, American actress

1961 – Vivian Balakrishnan, Singaporean politician

1961 – Willie Revillame, Filipino game show host and comedian

1962 – Chris Chelios, American ice hockey player

1965 – Mark Jordon, English actor

1965 – Esa Tikkanen, Finnish ice hockey player

1966 – Chet Culver, American politician

1967 – Mark Bamford, American writer/director

1967 – Randy McKay, Canadian ice hockey player

1969 – Kina, American singer

1970 – Stephen Chbosky, American writer

1970 – Chris Mills, American basketball player

1970 – Milt Stegall, American-born Canadian Football League player

1971 – Luca Badoer, Italian race car driver

1971 – China Kantner, American actress

1971 – Ana Ortiz, American actress and singer

1973 – Chris Guy, American professional wrestler

1973 – Geoff Johns, American comic book writer

1974 – Robert Budreau, Canadian film director

1974 – Attilio Nicodemo, Italian footballer

1975 – Mia Kirshner, Canadian actress

1975 – Tim Montgomery, American athlete

1975 – Dat Phan, Vietnamese stand-up comedian

1976 – Mario Haberfeld, Brazilian racing car driver

1978 – Denis Menchov, Russian cyclist

1978 – Jason Roberts, English footballer

1978 – Derrick Turnbow, American baseball player

1979 – Pi Hongyan, French badminton player

1979 – Gabe Jennings, American distance runner

1979 – Christine Lakin, American actress

1979 – Rodrigo Ribeiro, Brazilian racing driver

1980 – Michelle McCool, American professional wrestler

1980 – Efstathios Tavlaridis, Greek footballer

1980 – Xavi, Catalan Spanish footballer

1981 – Charlie Bewley, English actor

1981 – Francis Jeffers, English footballer

1981 – Alicia Keys, American singer

1981 – Toše Proeski, Macedonian singer (d. 2007)

1982 – Sho Sakurai, Japanese singer and actor

1982 – Shawna Waldron, American actress

1983 – Andrée Watters, Canadian singer

1984 – Robinho, Brazilian footballer

1985 – Brent Celek, American football player

1985 – Tina Karol, Ukrainian singer

1985 – Acie Law IV, American basketball player

1985 – Patrick Willis, American football player

1986 – Chris O'Grady, English footballer

1986 – Shahriar Nafees, Bangladeshi cricketer

1987 – Maria Kirilenko, Russian tennis player

1988 – Tatiana Golovin, French tennis player

1989 – Sheryfa Luna, French singer

1989 – Víctor Ruiz Torre, Spanish footballer

1989 – Mikako Tabe, Japanese stage and film actress

Deaths

389 – Gregory Nazianzus, theologian and Patriarch of Constantinople (b. 329)

477 – King Geiseric of the Vandals and Alans

844 – Pope Gregory IV

967 – Sayf al-Daula, Hamdanid Emir of Aleppo (b. 916)

1067 – Emperor Yingzong of China (b. 1032)

1366 – Henry Suso, German mystic

1431 – Charles II, Duke of Lorraine (b. 1364)

1494 – King Ferdinand I of Naples (b. 1423)

1559 – King Christian II of Denmark (b. 1481)

1573 – Hirate Hirohide, Japanese samurai (b. 1553)

1578 – Mihrimah Sultana, Ottoman princess (b. 1522)

1586 – Lucas Cranach the Younger, German painter (b. 1515)

1640 – Robert Burton, English scholar (b. 1577)

1670 – Nicholas II, Duke of Lorraine (b. 1612)

1726 – Guillaume Delisle, French cartographer (b. 1675)

1733 – Sir Gilbert Heathcote, 1st Baronet (b. 1652)

1751 – Paul Dudley, American attorney and politician (b. 1675)

1881 – Konstantin Thon, Russian architect (b. 1794)

1884 – Périclès Pantazis, Greek impressionist painter (b. 1849)

1907 – René Pottier, French cyclist (b. 1879)

1908 – Mikhail Chigorin, Russian chess player (b. 1850)

1908 – Ouida, English writer (b. 1839)

1912 – Dmitry Milyutin, Russian field marshal (b. 1816)

1925 – Ivan Vucetic, Croatian anthropologist (b. 1858)

1939 – Charles Davidson Dunbar, British military piper (b. 1870)

1940 – Elias Simojoki, Finnish clergyman and politician (b. 1899)

1947 – Al Capone, American organized crime figure (b. 1899)

1949 – Makino Nobuaki, Japanese statesman　(b. 1861)

1954 – Manabendra Nath Roy, Indian political activist (b. 1887)

1957 – Ichizo Kobayashi, Japanese industrialist (b. 1873)

1957 – Kiyoshi Shiga, Japanese physician and bacteriologist (b. 1871)

1963 – Wilson Kettle, Canadian centenarian (b. 1860)

1966 – Saul Adler, Russian-born British parasitologist (b. 1895)

1969 – Irene Castle, English dancer (b. 1887)

1970 – Jane Bathori, French mezzo-soprano (b. 1877)

1970 – Eiji Tsuburaya, Japanese television writer and producer (b. 1901)

1972 – Erhard Milch, German field marshal (b. 1892)

1975 – Charlotte Whitton, Canadian politician (b. 1896)

1976 – Chris Kenner, American singer and songwriter (b. 1929)

1980 – Queenie Watts, English actress (b. 1926)

1981 – Adele Astaire, American dancer (b. 1897)

1982 – Mikhail Suslov, Soviet politician (b. 1902)

1985 – Ilias Iliou, Greek politician (b. 1904)

1987 – Frank J. Lynch, American jurist and state legislator (b. 1922)

1990 – Ava Gardner, American actress (b. 1922)

1994 – Stephen Cole Kleene, American mathematician (b. 1909)

1996 – Jonathan Larson, American composer (b. 1960)

1999 – Sarah Louise "Sadie" Delany, American author (b. 1889)

1999 – Ted Mallie, American radio and television announcer (b. 1924)

1999 – Robert Shaw, American conductor (b. 1916)

2003 –Sheldon Reynolds, American television producer (b. 1923)

2003 – Samuel Weems, American jurist (b. 1936)

2004 – Fanny Blankers-Koen, Dutch athlete (b. 1918)

2004 – Miklós Fehér, Hungarian footballer (b. 1979)

2005 – Stanisław Albinowski, Polish economist and journalist (b. 1923)

2005 – William Augustus Bootle, American judge (b. 1902)

2005 – Philip Johnson, American architect (b. 1906)

2005 – Manuel Lopes, Cape Verdean writer and poet (b. 1907)

2005 – Ray Peterson, American singer (b. 1935)

2005 – Nettie Witziers-Timmer, Dutch athlete (b. 1923)

2006 – Anna Malle, adult film star (b. 1967)

2008 – Christopher Allport, American actor (b. 1947)

2008 – Evelyn Barbirolli, English musician (b. 1911)

2009 – Kim Manners, American television producer and director (b. 1951)

2010 – Ali Hassan al-Majid, Iraqi defense minister and military commander (b. 1941)

Holidays and observances

Burns Night (Scotland and Scottish community)

Christian Feast Day:

*Conversion of Paul the Apostle

*Dwynwen

*Gregory the Theologian (Eastern (Byzantine) Catholic Church)

*January 25 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)

Criminon Day (Scientology)

''Dydd Santes Dwynwen'', Welsh Valentine's Day (Wales)

Earliest day on which the first day of Carnival of Cádiz can fall, while February 28 is the latest; celebrated two Sundays before Ash Wednesday until Ash Wednesday (Cádiz)

Feast of the Conversion of Saint Paul (Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox, Roman Catholic, Anglican and Lutheran churches, which concludes the Week of Prayer for Christian Unity)

Tatiana Day (Russia)

The last day of the Week of Prayer for Christian Unity (Christian ecumenism)

National Voters' Day in India

External links

BBC: On This Day

On this day in Canada

----

Category:Days of the year Category:January

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name	The Narcicyst
background	solo_singer
birth name	Yassin Alsalman
alias	The Narcicyst, Narcy, Jamal Abdul, Illuminarcy, Illiam Sheiksbeard, Narcy of the Euphrates
born	May 26, 1982Dubai, United Arab Emirates
origin	Basra, Iraq
genre	Hip hop, political hip hop, conscious hip hop
occupation	Rapper
years active	2000–present
associated acts	Sandhill, Euphrates, Nomadic Massive
website	www.narcy.net
notable instruments	}}

Yassin Alsalman, better known by his stage name The Narcicyst (or Narcy), is an Iraqi journalist and Hip Hop MC[1][2]. Originally from Basra, he was born and raised in Dubai.[2] Now settled in Montreal, Canada.

He began his career as part of a Hip Hop trio called Euphrates, along with Nawar and Nawaf Al-Rufaie. The two brothers had been Yassin’s childhood friends and worked together as a production team called Sandhill, providing the musical backrdrop for the group’s two LPs (A Bend in the River and Stereotypes Incorporated). The group also contributed to the soundtrack of Voices of Iraq, a documentary featured in The Georgia Straight and Time.[4] Euphrates disbanded after Nawaf’s unexpected passing on November 26, 2004. Yassin has since pursued a solo career, recording 4 mixtapes and a studio album.

Rapping in English and occasionally in Iraqi Arabic, Yassin’s lyrics address some of the social, political and cultural issues of our time, including the 9/11 attacks, the US-led invasion of Iraq, Islamophobia and the Israeli occupation of Palestine. He has performed in live shows across Canada, Europe, the United States and the Middle East, often backed by a live band and vocalists. He has also opened for a number of high profile acts like Public Enemy, Busta Rhymes, Talib Kweli, Kanye West, Non Phixion, Madlib, A-Trak, Brother Ali, DJ Vadim[5], Dead Prez and Afu Ra[6] to name a few.

A graduate in political science and communication studies, Yassin completed a Masters’ degree in media studies, focusing on the identity politics in Hip hop poetics, specifically looking at the lived experiences of Arabs in North America. As part of his thesis, he recorded Fear of An Arab Planet, along with fellow Arab American MCs and producers Omar Offendum, Ragtop and Eccentric.

Discography

Albums

With Euphrates

''A Bend in the River (album)'' (2003)

''Stereotypes Incorporated'' (2004)

''The Euphrates Collection'' (2006)

Solo and Collaborative LPs

''Stuck Between Iraq and a Hard Place'' (2006)

''The Arab Summit's Fear Of An Arab Planet'' (2007)

''Stuck Between Iraq and a Hard Place Vol. 2'' (2008)

''The Narcicyst'' (2009)

''Stuck Between Iraq and a Hard Place Vol. 3'' (2009)

''Mr. Asthmatic'' (2010)

''Yassin'' (2011)

Singles

With Euphrates

''Commodore 64'' (2005 Expertism Records)

Videography

''Phatwa'' (2009)

''Hamdulilah'' (2010)

Filmography

"City of Life" (2009)

See also

Arabic hip hop

References

External links

Official website

The Narcicyst at MySpace

Article by Rupert Bottenberg, ''Montreal Mirror''

Euphrates Keeps it Positive by Tara Henley

''Stereotypes Incorporated'' review

For The Narcicyst, Iraq is the Bomb article by Mandy Van Deven in ''Bitch (magazine)'' published May 21, 2009

Category:1982 births Category:Living people Category:Iraqi emigrants to Canada Category:Iraqi expatriates in the United Arab Emirates Category:Iraqi hip hop musicians Category:Iraqi rappers Category:People from Dubai Category:Arab rappers

fr:The Narcicyst

honorific-prefix	The Honourable
name	Bob Marley
alt	Black and white picture of a man with long dreadlocks playing the guitar on stage.
background	solo_singer
birth name	Robert Nesta Marley
alias	Tuff Gong
birth date	February 06, 1945
birth place	Nine Mile, Saint Ann, Jamaica
death date	May 11, 1981
death place	Miami, Florida, U.S.
instrument	Vocals, guitar, piano, saxophone, harmonica, percussion
genre	Reggae, ska, rocksteady
occupation	Singer-songwriter, musician
years active	1962–1981
label	Studio One, Upsetter, Tuff Gong
associated acts	Bob Marley & The Wailers, Wailers Band, The Upsetters, I Threes
website
notable instruments	Gibson Les Paul Special }}

Robert Nesta "Bob" Marley, OM (6 February 1945 – 11 May 1981) was a Jamaican singer-songwriter and musician. He was the rhythm guitarist and lead singer for the ska, rocksteady and reggae band Bob Marley & The Wailers (1963–1981). Marley remains the most widely known and revered performer of reggae music, and is credited with helping spread both Jamaican music and the Rastafari movement to a worldwide audience.

Marley's music was heavily influenced by the social issues of his homeland, and he is considered to have given voice to the specific political and cultural nexus of Jamaica. His best-known hits include "I Shot the Sheriff", "No Woman, No Cry", "Could You Be Loved", "Stir It Up", "Jamming", "Redemption Song", "One Love" and, "Three Little Birds", as well as the posthumous releases "Buffalo Soldier" and "Iron Lion Zion". The compilation album ''Legend'' (1984), released three years after his death, is reggae's best-selling album, going ten times Platinum which is also one Diamond in the U.S., and selling 25 million copies worldwide.

Early life and career

Bob Marley was born in the village of Nine Mile in Saint Ann Parish, Jamaica as Nesta Robert Marley. A Jamaican passport official would later swap his first and middle names. His father, Norval Sinclair Marley, was a white Jamaican of mixed and English descent whose family came from Essex, England. Norval was a captain in the Royal Marines, as well as a plantation overseer, when he married Cedella Booker, an Afro-Jamaican then 18 years old. Norval provided financial support for his wife and child, but seldom saw them, as he was often away on trips. In 1955, when Marley was 10 years old, his father died of a heart attack at age 70. Marley faced questions about his own racial identity throughout his life. He once reflected:

I don't have prejudice against meself. My father was a white and my mother was black. Them call me half-caste or whatever. Me don't dip on nobody's side. Me don't dip on the black man's side nor the white man's side. Me dip on God's side, the one who create me and cause me to come from black and white.

Although Marley recognised his mixed ancestry, throughout his life and because of his beliefs, he self-identified as a black African, following the ideas of Pan-African leaders. Marley stated that his two biggest influences were the African-centered Marcus Garvey and Haile Selassie. A central theme in Bob Marley's message was the repatriation of black people to Zion, which in his view was Ethiopia, or more generally, Africa. In songs such as "Black Survivor", "Babylon System", and "Blackman Redemption", Marley sings about the struggles of blacks and Africans against oppression from the West or "Babylon".

Marley became friends with Neville "Bunny" Livingston (later known as Bunny Wailer), with whom he started to play music. He left school at the age of 14 to make music with Joe Higgs, a local singer and devout Rastafari. At a jam session with Higgs and Livingston, Marley met Peter McIntosh (later known as Peter Tosh), who had similar musical ambitions. In 1962, Marley recorded his first two singles, "Judge Not" and "One Cup of Coffee", with local music producer Leslie Kong. These songs, released on the Beverley's label under the pseudonym of Bobby Martell, attracted little attention. The songs were later re-released on the box set ''Songs of Freedom'', a posthumous collection of Marley's work.

Bob Marley & the Wailers

1963–1974

In 1963, Bob Marley, Bunny Wailer, Peter Tosh, Junior Braithwaite, Beverley Kelso, and Cherry Smith formed a ska and rocksteady group, calling themselves "The Teenagers". They later changed their name to "The Wailing Rudeboys", then to "The Wailing Wailers", at which point they were discovered by record producer Coxsone Dodd, and finally to "The Wailers". By 1966, Braithwaite, Kelso, and Smith had left The Wailers, leaving the core trio of Bob Marley, Bunny Wailer, and Peter Tosh.

In 1966, Marley married Rita Anderson, and moved near his mother's residence in Wilmington, Delaware in the United States for a short time, during which he worked as a DuPont lab assistant and on the assembly line at a Chrysler plant, under the alias Donald Marley.

Though raised in the Catholic tradition, Marley became captivated by Rastafarian beliefs in the 1960s, when away from his mother's influence. Formally converted to Rastafari after returning to Jamaica, Marley began to wear his trademark dreadlocks (''see the ''religion section'' for more on Marley's religious views''). After a conflict with Dodd, Marley and his band teamed up with Lee "Scratch" Perry and his studio band, The Upsetters. Although the alliance lasted less than a year, they recorded what many consider The Wailers' finest work. Marley and Perry split after a dispute regarding the assignment of recording rights, but they would remain friends and work together again.

Between 1968 and 1972, Bob and Rita Marley, Peter Tosh and Bunny Wailer re-cut some old tracks with JAD Records in Kingston and London in an attempt to commercialise The Wailers' sound. Bunny later asserted that these songs "should never be released on an album ... they were just demos for record companies to listen to". Also in 1968, Bob and Rita visited the Bronx to see Johnny Nash's songwriter Jimmy Norman. A three-day jam session with Norman and others, including Norman's co-writer Al Pyfrom, resulted in a 24-minute tape of Marley performing several of his own and Norman-Pyfrom's compositions. This tape is, according to Reggae archivist Roger Steffens, rare in that it was influenced by pop rather than reggae, as part of an effort to break Marley into the American charts. According to an article in ''The New York Times'', Marley experimented on the tape with different sounds, adopting a doo-wop style on "Stay With Me" and "the slow love song style of 1960's artists" on "Splish for My Splash". An artist yet to establish himself outside his native Jamaica, Marley lived in Ridgmount Gardens, Bloomsbury, London during 1972.

In 1972, the Wailers entered into an ill-fated deal with CBS Records and embarked on a tour with American soul singer Johnny Nash. Broke, the Wailers became stranded in London. Marley turned up at Island Records founder and producer Chris Blackwell's London office, and asked him to advance the cost of a new single. Since Jimmy Cliff, Island's top reggae star, had recently left the label, Blackwell was primed for a replacement. In Marley, Blackwell recognized the elements needed to snare the rock audience: "I was dealing with rock music, which was really rebel music. I felt that would really be the way to break Jamaican music. But you needed someone who could be that image. When Bob walked in he really was that image." Blackwell told Marley he wanted The Wailers to record a complete album (essentially unheard of at the time). When Marley told him it would take between £3,000 and £4,000, Blackwell trusted him with the greater sum. Despite their "rude boy" reputation, the Wailers returned to Kingston and honored the deal, delivering the album ''Catch A Fire''.

Primarily recorded on eight-track at Harry J's in Kingston, ''Catch A Fire'' marked the first time a reggae band had access to a state-of-the-art studio and were accorded the same care as their rock'n'roll peers. Blackwell desired to create "more of a drifting, hypnotic-type feel than a reggae rhythm", and restructured Marley's mixes and arrangements. Marley travelled to London to supervise Blackwell's overdubbing of the album, which included tempering the mix from the bass-heavy sound of Jamaican music, and omitting two tracks.

The Wailers' first major label album, ''Catch a Fire'' was released worldwide in April 1973, packaged like a rock record with a unique Zippo lighter lift-top. Initially selling 14,000 units, it didn't make Marley a star, but received a positive critical reception. It was followed later that year by ''Burnin''', which included the standout songs "Get Up, Stand Up", and "I Shot the Sheriff", which appealed to the ear of Eric Clapton. He recorded a cover of the track in 1974 which became a huge American hit, raising Marley's international profile. Many Jamaicans were not keen on the new "improved" reggae sound on ''Catch A Fire'', but the Trenchtown style of ''Burnin''' found fans across both reggae and rock audiences.

During this period, Blackwell gifted his Kingston residence and company headquarters at 56 Hope Road (then known as Island House) to Marley. Housing Tuff Gong Studios, the property became not only Marley's office, but also his home.

The Wailers were scheduled to open 17 shows for the number one black act in the States, Sly and the Family Stone. After 4 shows, the band was fired because they were more popular than the acts they were opening for. The Wailers broke up in 1974 with each of the three main members pursuing solo careers. The reason for the breakup is shrouded in conjecture; some believe that there were disagreements amongst Bunny, Peter, and Bob concerning performances, while others claim that Bunny and Peter simply preferred solo work.

1974–1981

Despite the break-up, Marley continued recording as "Bob Marley & The Wailers". His new backing band included brothers Carlton and Aston "Family Man" Barrett on drums and bass respectively, Junior Marvin and Al Anderson on lead guitar, Tyrone Downie and Earl "Wya" Lindo on keyboards, and Alvin "Seeco" Patterson on percussion. The "I Threes", consisting of Judy Mowatt, Marcia Griffiths, and Marley's wife, Rita, provided backing vocals. In 1975, Marley had his international breakthrough with his first hit outside Jamaica, "No Woman, No Cry", from the ''Natty Dread'' album. This was followed by his breakthrough album in the United States, ''Rastaman Vibration'' (1976), which spent four weeks on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100. On 3 December 1976, two days before "Smile Jamaica", a free concert organised by the Jamaican Prime Minister Michael Manley in an attempt to ease tension between two warring political groups, Marley, his wife, and manager Don Taylor were wounded in an assault by unknown gunmen inside Marley's home. Taylor and Marley's wife sustained serious injuries, but later made full recoveries. Bob Marley received minor wounds in the chest and arm. The shooting was thought to have been politically motivated, as many felt the concert was really a support rally for Manley. Nonetheless, the concert proceeded, and an injured Marley performed as scheduled, two days after the attempt. When asked why, Marley responded, "The people who are trying to make this world worse aren’t taking a day off. How can I?" The members of the group Zap Pow, which had no radical religious or political beliefs, played as Bob Marley's backup band before a festival crowd of 80,000 while members of The Wailers were still missing or in hiding.

Marley left Jamaica at the end of 1976, and after a month-long "recovery and writing" sojourn at the site of Chris Blackwell's Compass Point Studios in Nassau, Bahamas, arrived in England, where he spent two years in self-imposed exile. Whilst there he recorded the albums ''Exodus'' and ''Kaya''. ''Exodus'' stayed on the British album charts for 56 consecutive weeks. It included four UK hit singles: "Exodus", "Waiting in Vain", "Jamming", and "One Love" (a rendition of Curtis Mayfield's hit, "People Get Ready"). During his time in London, he was arrested and received a conviction for possession of a small quantity of cannabis. In 1978, Marley returned to Jamaica and performed at another political concert, the One Love Peace Concert, again in an effort to calm warring parties. Near the end of the performance, by Marley's request, Michael Manley (leader of then-ruling People's National Party) and his political rival Edward Seaga (leader of the opposing Jamaica Labour Party), joined each other on stage and shook hands.

Under the name Bob Marley and the Wailers eleven albums were released, four live albums and seven studio albums. The releases included ''Babylon by Bus'', a double live album with thirteen tracks, were released in 1978 and received critical acclaim. This album, and specifically the final track "Jamming" with the audience in a frenzy, captured the intensity of Marley's live performances.

''Survival'', a defiant and politically charged album, was released in 1979. Tracks such as "Zimbabwe", "Africa Unite", "Wake Up and Live", and "Survival" reflected Marley's support for the struggles of Africans. His appearance at the Amandla Festival in Boston in July 1979 showed his strong opposition to South African apartheid, which he already had shown in his song "War" in 1976. In early 1980, he was invited to perform at the 17 April celebration of Zimbabwe's Independence Day. ''Uprising'' (1980) was Bob Marley's final studio album, and is one of his most religious productions; it includes "Redemption Song" and "Forever Loving Jah". ''Confrontation'', released posthumously in 1983, contained unreleased material recorded during Marley's lifetime, including the hit "Buffalo Soldier" and new mixes of singles previously only available in Jamaica.

Personal life

Religion

Bob Marley was a member of the Rastafari movement, whose culture was a key element in the development of reggae. Bob Marley became an ardent proponent of Rastafari, taking their music out of the socially deprived areas of Jamaica and onto the international music scene. He once gave the following response, which was typical, to a question put to him during a recorded interview:

Interviewer: "Can you tell the people what it means being a Rastafarian?"

Bob: "I would say to the people, Be still, and know that His Imperial Majesty, Emperor Haile Selassie of Ethiopia is the Almighty. Now, the Bible seh so, Babylon newspaper seh so, and I and I the children seh so. Yunno? So I don't see how much more reveal our people want. Wha' dem want? a white God, well God come black. True true." Observant of the Rastafari practice Ital, a diet that shuns meat, Marley was a vegetarian. According to his biographers, he affiliated with the Twelve Tribes Mansion. He was in the denomination known as "Tribe of Joseph", because he was born in February (each of the twelve sects being composed of members born in a different month). He signified this in his album liner notes, quoting the portion from ''Genesis'' that includes Jacob's blessing to his son Joseph. Marley was baptised by the Archbishop of the Ethiopian Orthodox Church in Kingston, Jamaica, on 4 November 1980.

Family

Bob Marley had a number of children: three with his wife Rita, two adopted from Rita's previous relationships, and several others with different women. The Bob Marley official website acknowledges eleven children.

Those listed on the official site are: # Sharon, born 23 November 1964, to Rita in previous relationship # Cedella born 23 August 1967, to Rita # David "Ziggy", born 17 October 1968, to Rita # Stephen, born 20 April 1972, to Rita # Robert "Robbie", born 16 May 1972, to Pat Williams # Rohan, born 19 May 1972, to Janet Hunt # Karen, born 1973 to Janet Bowen # Stephanie, born 17 August 1974; according to Cedella Booker she was the daughter of Rita and a man called Ital with whom Rita had an affair; nonetheless she was acknowledged as Bob's daughter # Julian, born 4 June 1975, to Lucy Pounder # Ky-Mani, born 26 February 1976, to Anita Belnavis # Damian, born 21 July 1978, to Cindy Breakspeare

Makeda was born on 30 May 1981, to Yvette Crichton, after Marley's death. Meredith Dixon's book lists her as Marley's child, but she is not listed as such on the Bob Marley official website.

Various websites, for example, also list Imani Carole, born 22 May 1963 to Cheryl Murray; but she does not appear on the official Bob Marley website.

Final years and death

In July 1977, Marley was found to have a type of malignant melanoma under the nail of one of his toes. Contrary to urban legend, this lesion was not primarily caused by an injury during a football match in that year, but was instead a symptom of the already existing cancer. Marley turned down doctors' advice to have his toe amputated, citing his religious beliefs. Despite his illness, he continued touring and was in the process of scheduling a world tour in 1980. The intention was for Inner Circle to be his opening act on the tour but after their lead singer Jacob Miller died in Jamaica in March 1980 after returning from a scouting mission in Brazil this was no longer mentioned.

The album ''Uprising'' was released in May 1980 (produced by Chris Blackwell), on which "Redemption Song" is particularly considered to be about Marley coming to terms with his mortality. The band completed a major tour of Europe, where they played their biggest concert, to a hundred thousand people in Milan. After the tour Marley went to America, where he performed two shows at Madison Square Garden as part of the Uprising Tour.

The final concert of Bob Marley's career was held September 23, 1980 at the Stanley Theater (now called The Benedum Center For The Performing Arts) in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The audio recording of that concert is now available on CD, vinyl, and digital music services.

Shortly after, Marley's health deteriorated and he became very ill; the cancer had spread throughout his body. The rest of the tour was cancelled and Marley sought treatment at the Bavarian clinic of Josef Issels, where he received a controversial type of cancer therapy (Issels treatment) partly based on avoidance of certain foods, drinks, and other substances. After fighting the cancer without success for eight months, Marley boarded a plane for his home in Jamaica.

While flying home from Germany to Jamaica, Marley's vital functions worsened. After landing in Miami, Florida, he was taken to the hospital for immediate medical attention. He died at Cedars of Lebanon Hospital in Miami (now University of Miami Hospital) on the morning of May 11, 1981, at the age of 36. The spread of melanoma to his lungs and brain caused his death. His final words to his son Ziggy were "Money can't buy life". Marley received a state funeral in Jamaica on 21 May 1981, which combined elements of Ethiopian Orthodoxy and Rastafari tradition. He was buried in a chapel near his birthplace with his red Gibson Les Paul (some accounts say it was a Fender Stratocaster).

On 21 May 1981, Jamaican Prime Minister Edward Seaga delivered the final funeral eulogy to Marley, declaring:

Legacy

In 1999 ''Time'' magazine chose Bob Marley & The Wailers' ''Exodus'' as the greatest album of the 20th century. In 2001, he was posthumously awarded the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award, and a feature-length documentary about his life, ''Rebel Music'', won various awards at the Grammys. With contributions from Rita, The Wailers, and Marley's lovers and children, it also tells much of the story in his own words. A statue was inaugurated, next to the national stadium on Arthur Wint Drive in Kingston to commemorate him. In 2006, the State of New York renamed a portion of Church Avenue from Remsen Avenue to East 98th Street in the East Flatbush section of Brooklyn "Bob Marley Boulevard". In 2008, a statue of Marley was inaugurated in Banatski Sokolac, Serbia.

Internationally, Marley’s message also continues to reverberate amongst various indigenous communities. For instance, the Aboriginal people of Australia continue to burn a sacred flame to honor his memory in Sydney’s Victoria Park, while members of the Native American Hopi and Havasupai tribe revere his work. There are also many tributes to Bob Marley throughout India, including restaurants, hotels, and cultural festivals.

Marley has also evolved into a global symbol, which has been endlessly merchandised through a variety of mediums. In light of this, author Dave Thompson in his book ''Reggae and Caribbean Music'', laments what he perceives to be the commercialized pacification of Marley's more militant edge, stating:

Film adaptation(s)

In February 2008, director Martin Scorsese announced his intention to produce a documentary movie on Marley. The film was set to be released on 6 February 2010, on what would have been Marley's 65th birthday. Recently, however, Scorsese dropped out due to scheduling problems. He is being replaced by Jonathan Demme.

In March 2008, The Weinstein Company announced its plans to produce a biopic of Bob Marley, based on the book ''No Woman No Cry: My Life With Bob Marley'' by Rita Marley. Rudy Langlais will produce the script by Lizzie Borden and Rita Marley will be executive producer.

Discography

''The Wailing Wailers'' (1965)

''The Best of The Wailers'' (1970)

''Soul Rebels'' (1970)

''Soul Revolution'' (1971)

''Catch a Fire'' (1973)

''Burnin''' (1973)

''Natty Dread'' (1974)

''Rastaman Vibration'' (1976)

''Exodus'' (1977)

''Kaya'' (1978)

''Survival'' (1979)

''Uprising'' (1980)

''Confrontation'' (1983)

Awards and honors

1976: Band of the Year (''Rolling Stone'').

June 1978: Awarded the Peace Medal of the Third World from the United Nations.

February 1981: Awarded Jamaica's third highest honour, the Jamaican Order of Merit.

March 1994: Inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.

1999: Album of the Century for ''Exodus'' by ''Time Magazine''.

February 2001: A star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.

February 2001: Awarded Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award.

2004: ''Rolling Stone'' ranked him No.11 on their list of the 100 Greatest Artists of All Time.

"One Love" named song of the millennium by BBC.

Voted as one of the greatest lyricists of all time by a BBC poll. 2006: A blue plaque was unveiled at his first UK residence in Ridgmount Gardens, London, dedicated to him by Nubian Jak community trust and supported by Her Majesty's Foreign Office. 2010: "Catch a Fire" inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame (Reggae Album).

References

Further reading

Farley, Christopher (2007). ''Before the Legend: The Rise of Bob Marley'', Amistad Press ISBN 0060539925

Goldman, Vivien (2006). ''The Book of Exodus: The Making and Meaning of Bob Marley and the Wailers' Album of the Century'', Aurum Press ISBN 1845132106

Marley, Rita; Jones, Hettie (2004) ''No Woman No Cry: My Life with Bob Marley'' Hyperion Books ISBN 0786887559

Masouri, John (2007) ''Wailing Blues: The Story of Bob Marley's "Wailers"'' Wise Publications ISBN 1846096898

White, Timothy (2006). ''Catch a Fire: The Life of Bob Marley'' Owl Books ISBN 0805080864

External links

The Bob Marley Foundation

Online Home of the Marleys

Bob Marley at ''Rolling Stone''

Marley Elected one of the Greatest Songwriters BBC News, 23 May 2001

Showcase: Bob Marley by James Estrin, ''The New York Times'', 18 May 2009

Interview with Heather Marley in Bob Marley Magazine

Extensive discography

Category:1945 births Category:1981 deaths Category:Anti-apartheid activists Category:Attempted assassination survivors Category:Cancer deaths in Florida Category:Cannabis culture Category:Converts to Christianity Category:Converts to the Rastafari movement Category:Deaths from skin cancer Category:English-language singers Category:Ethiopian Orthodox Christians Category:Former Roman Catholics Category:Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award winners Category:Jamaican expatriates in the United Kingdom Category:Jamaican expatriates in the United States Category:Jamaican male singers Category:Jamaican people of English descent Category:Jamaican Rastafarians Category:Jamaican reggae singers Category:Jamaican songwriters Category:Jamaican vegetarians B Category:Pan-Africanism Category:Performers of Rastafarian music Category:People from Saint Ann Parish Category:People from Wilmington, Delaware Category:Resonator guitarists Category:Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inductees Category:Shooting survivors Category:The Wailers members

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name	Jessie J
alt	f
background	solo_singer
birth name	Jessica Ellen Cornish
alias	Jessie J
birth date	March 27, 1988
birth place	Chadwell Heath, London, England
genre	R&B;, pop, hip hop, soul
years active	2006–present
label	Lava, Universal Republic, Island, Gut
website
notable instruments	}}

Jessica Ellen Cornish (born on 27 March 1988), better known by her stage name Jessie J, is an English singer-songwriter, currently signed to Island Records. She began her career as a songwriter for artists including Chris Brown and Miley Cyrus. Her debut single, "Do It Like a Dude", was released in November 2010 and peaked at number two on the UK Singles Charts. Follow-up single "Price Tag" reached number one in the United Kingdom, France, Ireland and New Zealand, and reached the top 10 in nineteen other countries. Her debut album, ''Who You Are'', was released in February 2011 and charted at number two on the UK Albums Chart. In February 2011 Jessie J won a BRIT Award, Critics' Choice. It was revealed in October 2011 that Jessie J will be a coach and a mentor on the television show, ''The Voice UK''.

Early life

Jessie J was born Jessica Ellen Cornish in Chadwell Heath, London and was educated at Mayfield High School in the London Borough of Redbridge. She attended Colin's Performing Arts School and as an eleven year old was cast in Andrew Lloyd Webber's West End production of ''Whistle Down the Wind''. Jessie has two sisters, who are five and seven years older than her, who were both head girls at school.

Unlike her academic sisters, Cornish has stated she was "never really that good at anything". She said, "At school they were like 'oh, you're a Cornish girl' and they kind of expected me to be the same as my sisters. Give me something to draw or an outfit to pick for someone, or hair, make-up, acting, write a song, I'm fine with it, but anything to do with sums – it was never my thing." She also said she never based her intelligence on her exam results. She also said she was always good at singing and it was her "thing".

At the age of 16 she began studying at the BRIT School and at 17 she joined a girl group named "Soul Deep". She graduated in the class of 2006 along with singers Adele and Leona Lewis. At 18 she suffered a stroke.

Music career

2006–2009: Career beginnings

Jessie J was signed to Gut Records, recording an album for the label, but the company went bankrupt before any material was released. She then found success as a songwriter, gaining a Sony ATV publishing contract. She was also the support act for Cyndi Lauper during Lauper's UK dates of her 2008 Bring Ya To The Brink tour (Lauper invited J to join her on stage for the performances of Girls Just Want To Have Fun). Jessie has also written lyrics for artists such as Chris Brown and Miley Cyrus, including "Party in the U.S.A.".

Jessie J was also part of a girl band, called 'Soul Deep', for two years, however she left due to thoughts that "it wasn't going anywhere". Despite people thinking that her first notoriety was through YouTube, Jessie was signed for four years before her first video was posted.

Jessie first came to the attention of Lava Records when her publisher at Sony/ATV, Rich Christina, sent Lava president Jason Flom a link to her MySpace page, which the record executive loved. After seeing an impressive U.S. showcase, Lava was, along with several other labels, keen to sign the artist but progress was hampered by her management's insistence on, what Flom called, a "crazy deal", and their refusal to let Jessie speak to any labels directly. Despite this, Senior Director of A&R; at Lava, Harinder Rana, made surreptitious efforts to meet Jessie on her own in winter of 2008. Later in the year a change in management to Sarah Stennett and Nadia Khan of Crown Music allowed record deal negotiations to take place. Jessie eventually signed with Lava as part of a joint venture with Universal Republic.

2010–present: ''Who You Are''

Jessie J began recording her debut studio album in 2006 and it was completed on 19 January 2011. She revealed that "Big White Room" would be on the album and was written from an experience she had when she was 11 years old, although she wrote the song at age 17, in hospital, where a ward mate, a little boy, died. Jessie J says the album's title track, "Who You Are", is one of her proudest creations, she said the song is a "positive role model for young people" and "I always say that I'm half-artist, half-therapist"

In late 2010 Jessie J released her first single, "Do It Like a Dude" which was co-written with George Astasio, Tj Normandin, Jason Pebworth, Jon Shave, Kyle Abrahams and Peter Ighile. Originally, she wrote the song with Rihanna in mind because "Rude Boy" was released at the time, partly inspiring the song. She then sent the song to her label, Island Records, before sending it to Rihanna's management. Island insisted the song become Jessie J's first single. She wishes to perform the song with Rihanna at one point. The single gained positive reception from critics. The single charted at number two on the UK Singles Charts. Her follow-up single "Price Tag" was released in late January 2011. This was written by Jessie J, Lukasz Gottwald, Claude Kelly, and Bobby Ray Simmons, Jr. and charted at number one in the top of the charts. "Price Tag" was released in the United States on 1 February 2011 and peaked at 23 on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100. "Price Tag" also charted at number-one in New Zealand and Ireland and is the most successful online video J has released. As of October 2011, the video has generated over 148 million views on Youtube and Vevo, making it the 22nd most viewed music video of all time. Her first American television appearance was as the musical guest on the 12 March 2011 episode of NBC's ''Saturday Night Live''.

On 25 February 2011 her debut album, ''Who You Are'', was released. The album first entered the charts on 6 March 2011 where it charted on the UK Album Charts at number two. The album charted into the top ten in a number of countries and number 11 in the United States.After the release she went on to release a third single from the album, "Nobody's Perfect". MTV reported that the single is, so far, only confirmed for release in the United Kingdom. The album's fourth single was "Who's Laughing Now". "Domino" was her second US single. The Dr. Luke-produced track was sent to mainstream radio on 6 September 2011. With the success of ''Who You Are'' in North America, Jessie was chosen to tour as the opening act for American pop artist Katy Perry's ''California Dreams Tour'' in 2011 but after she was unable to fully recover from her injuries during rehearsals she was forced to pull out under the doctor's orders.

Jessie J served as the house artist at the 2011 MTV Video Music Awards, performing several of her original songs along with covers around commercial breaks.

In early 2011 she suffered a panic attack on stage after she was forced to perform in the dark. "I did a gig recently and had a panic attack on stage," she told ''NOW''. "The night was called 'Black Out' and I had to perform in the dark. I asked them to turn on the lights and they didn't. I was onstage in pitch black and, because I couldn't see anything, I started to panic. It was awful." James Morrison's third studio album, ''The Awakening'' features a collaboration with Jessie J called "Up", the song was released as a single on 4 December 2011. On 4 October Jessie announced that she will be one of four coaches for new BBC program, ''The Voice UK''.Jessie J re-released "Who You Are" on 9 November 2011, featuring the regular tracks plus "Domino" and two new songs. "Domino" became her second top 30 hit in the U.S., following the success of "Price Tag". The song also peaked at number 1 in January 2012 in the UK, before it was even officially released there.

Personal life

On 12 June 2011 at the Capital Radio Summertime Ball, Jessie ruptured several tendons in her foot during rehearsals, and performed her set the following day while sitting on a gilded throne. For her appearance at Glastonbury Festival 2011 on 25 June 2011, she performed on the throne again, claiming her physician had told her not to perform with her broken foot which would take six weeks to heal. Jessie J was scheduled to play at several festivals throughout the summer, however it was reported on 1 July 2011 that she would not be able to attend T in the Park, T4 On The Beach, Wembley:Orange, iTunes Festival, Lovebox and Oxegen due to the injuries to her foot. Jessie J personally tweeted before surgery; "Keep making nervous jokes with the doctor and he keeps looking at me blankly. Which is making me laugh even more. It's getting serious. I just took my nose stud out." Tweeting after the surgery, she wrote: "Can't keep tweeting. Still very dizzy and being sick. But I'm OK, I got through it." Her record label released an official statement on 30 June 2011 that under strict orders from her doctor, she will not be able to perform for a number of weeks so she can heal and recuperate properly. She returned to the concert circuit in late August, including sets at the V Festival and The Big Chill. For the 2011 VMA's she was still in a cast and using the throne to keep off of it.

Jessie J confirmed on 2 August 2011 that she would be shaving her hair off for charity in 2012. Speaking via her official Twitter account she said: “It’s hair, It will grow back. Even if it takes 2 years, if it saves lives it’s worth it. Even if its 1 life that’s something.”

Jessie J is openly bisexual and stated in an interview on the "In Demand" radio show on March 3, 2011, "I've never denied it. Whoopie doo guys, yes, I've dated girls and I've dated boys – get over it."

Music and voice

Although she was first identified as a soul singer, she primarily records songs of contemporary R&B; and pop music with hip-hop influences.

Music critic Matthew Perpetua of Pitchfork Media compared Jessie J to her peers Adele and Amy Winehouse, but admitted she was missing something: "Whereas Adele and Winehouse also have powerhouse voices, they fit into clear aesthetic niches and invest their songs with depth and humanity. Jessie J doesn't have even a fraction of their restraint." Perpetua added: "Her idea of showcasing her gift is to shoot for a blaring melisma on "Mamma Knows Best" that makes Christina Aguilera seem as subtle as Joni Mitchell by comparison." Ailbhe Malone of the music magazine NME also recognized Cornish's "undeniably potent voice". However, she pointed out the possible "identity crisis" that might have been caused by Jessie's songwriter past: "This is an album of singles for other artists. There’s Rihanna Jessie (‘Do It...’), Perry Jessie (‘Abracadabra’), Pixie Jessie (‘Mamma Knows Best’), Ellie Jessie ('Big White Room')."

Caroline Sullivan of The Guardian shared her positive opinion about the singer, saying that "if any singer has the potential to be the British Katy Perry or Pink, with the accompanying millions of sales, it's her". Sullivan also complimented Cornish's attitude: "[Her songs] are delivered with a confidence that money can't buy." Entertainment Weekly's music critic Adam Markovitz said of Jessie: "The 23-year-old Brit has all the tools, from a monster voice to an ear for hooks — she co-wrote Miley Cyrus' Party in the U.S.A. — and a manic persona that's equal parts Katy Perry, Kristin Chenoweth, and Alice Cooper.

Discography

''Who You Are'' (2011)

Filmography

+Television	Year	! Title	! Role	Notes
2012	''The Voice UK''	Herself

Awards and nominations

References

External links

Category:1988 births Category:Living people Category:Bisexual musicians Category:Electronica musicians Category:English female singers Category:English mezzo-sopranos Category:English pop singers Category:English rhythm and blues singers Category:English singer-songwriters Category:English-language singers Category:LGBT musicians from the United Kingdom Category:LGBT people from the United Kingdom Category:People educated at the BRIT School Category:Singers from London Category:Stroke survivors Category:The Voice judges Category:People from Chadwell Heath

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name	Tamer Hosny تامر حسنى
background	solo_singer
birth name	Tamer Hosny Abbas Farghaly.
astrological sign	Leo.
alias	King of Generation
born	August 16, 1977.
origin	Cairo, Egypt.
genre	R&B;, pop, rock.
occupation	Singer, songwriter, actor, composer.
instrument	Vocals, Acoustic guitar.
years active	2000–present.
label	FreeMusic, Alam El Phan.
website	www.tamerhosny.ws
married to:	Single }}

Tamer Hosny (Arabic: تامر حسني; born August 16, 1977) is an Egyptian singer, actor, composer , director , producer and songwriter.

Biography

written by: lighty rider

Tamer Hosny is known as the King of generation for 21st century and Generation's Singer. Although Tamer Hosny had many problems due to his family and standards, he managed to solve, and get over many of them. He has also worked hard and reached his goals of being a great singer, actor, composer, director, producer and songwriter. Before becoming that, Tamer wanted to become a footballer and play for his country of Egypt. He was part of different football academies and clubs and played for almost 9 years. As he moved from one football team to another, things changed and problems occurred which made Tamer end his professional career, and start singing then include acting in films and movies. His first soap episodes were in 2011 during the month of Ramadan, on a soap called "Adam". During all the past years until this moment, he mentioned that behind his success and hard work, he had much help and encouragement from many of his friends, fans although mostly his mum. She believed since he was a little kid that he was and still is very talented. She always told him to never give up and keep trying and stood beside him through his whole journey.

Tamer's dad left him, his mum and brother at a young age. He spent time trying to find his dad, but discovered that his father had left the country. He sacrificed a lot in life just to help his family and try to live. He has proved his strength, respect and beliefs in equality, what he thinks is right and believed that Allah (God) was always with him. He accepts and respects the difference in people and their cultures, religion and race. Because at the end of the day everyone is human and all one. He shows this with his music and the lyrics he writes, his personality and actions. Some of his songs are not only spoken in Arabic, they're also spoken in French but mostly English, as he has a message to pass on to the world and wishes many people to listen and understand his point. The different languages help to reach people and as it's a world known plus spoken language makes it easier.

He has released some albums, and has been involved in and acted in movies in which he was one of the main characters. Tamer has done many concerts in different countries and different continents e.g. Africa, Asia and Europe. Tamer has won many different awards for the best singer of the year, actor, and for getting the most hits during the year and releasing many new exciting pieces of his work. He has said that he adored and learnt from singers such as "Abd al Halim Hafiz" before beginning his musical career and he has bought that up through his journy.

Early life

His mother brought him up alongside his older brother Hossam in the absence of their father, Hosny Sherif Abbas. Tamer Hosny grew up with an interest in soccer and played the sport for 9 years. He graduated from October 6 University,with a Bachelor's degree in Media Studies.

He was introduced by Salma El Shamaa to the Opera. Afterwords, he was recognized by Nasr Mahrous, the manager and owner of Free Music production company. Later on he signed a contract with Free Music in 2002. Tamer didn't debut with Sherine's first mix tape. Instead, he was featured in previous mix tapes, and one of them featured other artists like Khaled Agag and Mohamed Mounir. He released 5 successful albums with Free Music.

Then in 2009, He signed with Mazzika group Alam El PhanTill Now.

He is an endorser of Pepsi, a well-known soft drink around the world.

He was the "first Arab celebrity" to advertise the Police brand of sunglasses.

Music career

Hob

In 2004, he released his first studio album as a solo artist. Titled Hob, the album featured the single "Arrab Habibi". The album was quite a success with his hit, "Arrab Habibi", which was subject to heavy rotation on satellite music channels.

'Anaya Bathibak

'Anaya Bathibak (My Eyes Love You) is his second full-length studio album , released at the end of 2005. Produced by Free Music. The album's main hits were "Anaya Bathibak" and "Ba'ish". The album was a great success in Egypt and the Middle East.

Ya Bent El-Eih

Ya Bent El-Eih is his third full length studio album, released in March 2007. Produced by Free Music. The album featured thirteen songs. Nine of them were stolen and leaked on the internet almost a week before it was released to the market. The Egyptian media says about this album: "It's a nice album that considered being his first real step in his musical life". The album has 7 hits composed and written by him, who is also known as one of the most romantic lyricists. • "A'reft Elly Feha" • "Allah Yebarekli Feek" • "Ana Walla A'aref" • " Sotek" These four songs were filmed in his film "Omar & Salma" 1st part.

Arrab Kaman

Arrab Kaman is his fourth studio album , released on June 24, 2008. Produced by Free Music This album has 9 hits composed and written by Tamer Hosny who is also known as one of the most romantic lyricists. Matwasnesh, Arab Kaman, Askoty, Aftkarly, Ya taabany, Albi el habak, Esma wa nasseb, Heya de, Roh alby, Asaab ahsas. Four songs from this album were filmed in his movie Captin Hima.

ElGana Fi Byotna

ElGana Fi Byotna is his fifth full length studio album of Islamic and Ramadan-themed songs, released in September 2007 in the same year of Arrab Kaman. Its the first time that a singer released two albums in the same year. He filmed one music video from this album "Ana Mash aref atghyar" And this song achieved a very big success as it's so real and touches all the youth life. This album includes 13 tracks; He has written and composed all of this album's songs.

Ha'eesh Hayaty

Ha'esh Hayaty is his sixth studio album released in 2009. This is the first studio album recorded under Mohsen Gaber's Alam El Phan. It was commercially successful. Tamer Hosny signed with Mazzika group Alam El Phan he released his fifth album as a solo artist. Titled "Haeesh Hyati" including one English song named "Come Back to Me", it was his first English song. The highly anticipated album's release date was constantly being postponed. At first, 20 June 2009 was the date set, next was 25th, afterwards 29th and finally, he settled for the 30th of June as the release date. The album made an incredible success in the Arab World. In 2009. In this album 8 great hits composed and 10 hits written by Him From this album He filmed one music video 'TA'ABA KOLL EL NAS' Directed by Yasser Sami as His film Omar & salma 2nd part includes two songs from the album "KHONTEK EMBAREH" and "Bagher aleeha".

Ikhtart Sah

Ikhtart Sah is his seventh studio album released in 2010. This is the second studio album recorded under Mohsen Gaber's Alam El Phan. It was commercially successful. Including one English song named "Sweet Melody", it was his second English song. From This album Tamer Hosny filmed 3 music videos "saheet ala sotha" it was 1st experience for Tamer Hosny in directing, "Taarafy" and "law hakoun gher leek". Both were directed by Mohamed Sami.

Elly Gai Ahla

Elly Gai Ahla is the 8th studio album by Tamer Hosny released in 2011. This is the third studio album recorded under Mohsen Gaber's Alam El Phan. It has achieved a very big commercially successful. From This album Tamer Hosny hits four music videos 1- Elly Gai Ahla Directed By :Yasser Sami. 2- Dayman Ma'ak Directed by : Yasser Sami. 3 - Matsaa'lnesh Tamer Hosny FT the new singer Bassma Directed by: Hossam L Hosseiny. 4- Aklemha Directed by: Hossam L Hosseiny. This album reached number 1 on the charts on its first week out.

Directing career

Tamer Hosny has started his first directorial experience in 2010. By directing his music video "saheet ala sotha" the music video achieved a very big success. Tamer Hosny was tended to direction field as he always dreams to make his music video by his own vision.

Film career

Hosny starred in the 2003 Egyptian movie, Halet Hob (A State of Love). The movie featured music by Hosny himself. The movie was released in 2004. Halet Hob is a modern film addressing the issues of young people in today's Egypt, including family, immigration, work, and love, as well as how Arab immigrants are viewed and treated abroad. When Nour decides to immigrate to France, his wife refuses to go, so they decide to split the family. She stays in Egypt with their son Youssef, and Nour leaves the country with their other child Seif. As time passes, the split family drifts apart. Although many young people are trying to leave Egypt, after facing the reality of anti-Arab sentiment in France, Seif and his Tunisian/French girlfriend decide to return, seeking to find and help his brother with his budding singing career. His goal is not only to reunite with Youssef, but to use art and music as a forum for bringing youth from around the world together and giving a voice to Arabs abroad. Unfortunately, there are many obstacles in the way and bringing the family together will not be easy. Starring Hani Salama, Hind Sabri, Tamer Hosny and Sharif Ramzy. Script by Ahmad Abdel Fattah, Directed by Saad Hindawi. Featuring behind the scenes footage, full star biographies, and two Tamer Hosny music videos. This film is also Tamer Hosny's screen debut! subtitles in English and French. running time 104 minutes.

The movie Sayed El Atefy was released in 2005, and featured two songs. "Koll Marra" and "Nour Einy", both were performed within the movie. The full versions of the songs accompanied the performance in addition to scenes from the movie were made into music videos. They were initially exclusive to Melody Hits channel.The film is about a simple woman called Um Sayed (Abla Kamel) raises her son after his father died. She works a taxi driver and car pickups to face life's burdens. At the same time loving Al-Ahli Team so much and sponsor her son Sayed (Tamer Hosny), who is facing several problems at the university with his uncle. Um Sayed and friends try to lifting the injustice done to her son in the comic style concert.

At the beginning of June 2007, Tamer released his third movie Omar & Salma with Mai Ezzedine. Omar (Tamer Hosny) is a young man who likes to flirt with all kinds of girls and has never been a serious relationship. That all changes when he meets Salma (Mai Ezz El Din) who totally changes the way he thinks but their new relationship turns out to be a bumpy ride.

In 2008, he released Captin Hima, a social comedy about a young man who is crazy about soccer. Hima (Hosny) believes soccer is a panacea for all problems and “plays” hard to achieve his goals and dreams. Hima has spurred rumors right from start. Thanks to a “generation star,” Hosny’s adopted name. Hima’s main actress has, for example, reportedly, been replaced (which actually happened in case of May Ezz Al Din), Hosny fallen out with producer or whole shots edited out.

In May 2009, he released Omar & Salma 2, a sequel of the romance comedy, starring Tamer Hosny and May Ezzeddin, Omar & Salma 2 features a new arrival, Merihan Hussein, a Star Academy 5 contender. A contrast to part it’s romantic love, May Ezzeddin (Salma) plays the nagging wife, and Tamer Hosny (Omar) a bored husband longing for good old days of bachelorhood. Salma demands that they move because the block where they live is packed with women. So they move to a block inhabited by a widow, a divorcee and a gay man. Omar ends up having an affair with Carma (Merihan Hussein), an employee at his father’s (Ezzat Abu Owf) business. Salma finds out about the affair and the couple almost file for divorce.

In May 2010, he released the movie Noor Einy (The Light of my Eyes). This is a romantic, comedy and drama about Ahmad (who uses the stage name Noor) a young music composer Tamer Hosny and a blind girl named Sarah Menna Shalabi and the great love story between them. Sarah breaks up with Noor after a misunderstanding, and she decides to go to America for surgery in order to regain her eyesight. While Noor has to deal with the death of his brother, he has to deal with the fact that Sarah has left him. As she moves on with her life, she falls in love with her doctor Tarek Amro Yousef, who decides to marry her in back Egypt. What she doesn't know is that Tarek and Noor are childhood friends, and when Noor meets Tarek in the airport he finds out that his friend's fiancee is his love, Sarah. While Sarah thinks that she sees Tarek's friend Ahmad, she doesn't know the fact that it's Noor. Noor ends up facing the heartbreak silently until the events lead up to the discovery of this strange twist of fate.

Controversy

On January 25, 2011, Demonstrations spread across Egypt and ultimately forced Mubarak to cede power to the military. Tamer Hosny was already outside Egypt on a tour in Amsterdam and the USA. He was scheduled to perform many shows. After performing at Heineken Music Hall in Amsterdam on 29 January 2011, and after hearing the news he cancelled his tour to Canada and the USA and flew back immediately. On February 9, 2011, Hosny appeared on stage in Tahrir Square in Cairo, where the Egyptian protesters had gathered. Protesters grew angry at the sight of him and immediately told him to leave the square as he was not welcome there since he had publicly made it clear through the Egyptian media that he is not happy with what's going on in the Tahrir square and didn't appreciate the protesters at all. It was initially unclear what his intended message to the protesters at Tahrir was going to be, but he was later quoted on Al Jazeera television as saying that he wanted to tell protesters that he had made a mistake and now supported the protests.

Tamer Hosny has organized Charity activities supporting the families of martyrs, launched a blood donation campaign in Egypt with his fans and called upon them to donate to the victims of the latest events.

He has launched two new songs for the events one for Egypt named "Good morning Egypt" and other one for the martyrs named "Martyrs 25 Jan".

Supporting New talents

Tamer Hosny started his producing career in 2009 by founding his own record label company T.H productions to support new talents and help them to start their music career. Tamer Hosny supports many new talents as Karim Mohsen, Aliaa Sobhy, Basma.

Discography

!Year!!Album!!Label
	2004	''Hob''
	2006	'Anaya Bathibak>Enayyah Bethebbak''
	2007	Ya Bent El-Eih>Ya Bint El Aih''
	2007	''ElGana Fi Byotna''
	2008	''Arrab Kaman''
	2009	Ha'esh Hayaty>Haeesh Hyati''
	2010	''Ikhtart Sah''
	2011	''Elly Gai Ahla''

In addition to:

''Free Mix 2000'' (2000)

''Free Mix 3'' (2002)

''Free Mix 4'' (2005)

Awards

!Year!!Award!!Awarded by
	2002	Best Selling Album
	2003	The Best Romantic Song (''Olli Bahebabak'')
	2004	Best Song of the Century (''Oyouno Dar'')
	2004	Best Actor (''Halet Hob'')
	2005	Best Singer
	2005	Best Singer
	2006	Best Singer in the Middle East
	2006	Best Singer & Song
	2007	Best Singer in Middle East
	2007	King of Dear Guest
	2007	Best Singer & Album
	2007	Best Singer & Best Songs
	2007	The Most Successful Artist
	2007	The Most Loving Fans
	2007	The Star Award
	2007	Best Singer
	2007	Most Loyal Fans
	2007	The Most Beloved Arabian Artist
	2008	The Best Singer
	2008	The Best Album Of The Year (''Arrab kaman'')
	2008	The Best Actor Of the Year
	2008	One Of The 10 Most Influential In The Arab Cinema
	2009	The Best Arab Singer
	2009	The Best Track Of The Year (Come Back To Me)
	2009	The Best Video Clip Of The year (Taaba kol Al Nas)
	2010	Best African artist of the year
	2010	"The Legend Of The Century" award by Big Apple Music Awards.
2010	The Best Arab Singer
2011	Best selling album (elli gai ahla)
2011	best african and arabian music

References

External links

Tamer Hosny

Tamer Hosny at the Internet Movie Database

Category:1977 births Category:Living people Category:Egyptian actors Category:Egyptian musicians Category:Egyptian singers Category:Egyptian people of Syrian descent

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