, January 28, 1986]]

__NOTOC__ 1986 (MCMLXXXVI) was a common year that started on a Wednesday, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. It was designated the International Year of Peace by the United Nations.

Events

January

January 1

* Spain and Portugal enter the European Community, which later becomes the European Union.

Aruba gains increased autonomy from the Netherlands and is separated from the Netherlands Antilles.

* The Province of Flevoland is established in the Netherlands.

* UNIDO becomes a specialized Columbia is launched with the first Hispanic-American astronaut, Dr. Franklin Chang-Diaz.

January 19 – The first PC virus, Brain, starts to spread.

January 20

* The United Kingdom and France announce plans to construct the Channel Tunnel.

January 24 – The Voyager 2 space probe makes its first encounter with Uranus.

January 25 – Yoweri Museveni's National Resistance Army Rebel group takes over Uganda after leading a successful 5-year guerrilla war in which up to half a million people are believed to have been killed. They will later use January 26 as the official date to avoid a coincidence of dates with Dictator Idi Amin's 1971 coup.

January 28 – STS-51-L: Space Shuttle Challenger disintegrates 73 seconds after launch, killing the crew of 7 astronauts, including schoolteacher Christa McAuliffe (see Space Shuttle Challenger disaster).

January 29 – Yoweri Museveni is sworn in as President of Uganda after leading a successful 5-year guerrilla war.

February

February 2 – One of Australia's worst crimes, the Anita Cobby murder, occurs.

February 3 – Pixar Animation Studios is opened.

February 7 – President Jean-Claude Duvalier ("Baby Doc") flees Haiti, ending 28 years of family rule.

February 9 – Halley's Comet reaches its perihelion, the closest point to the Sun, during its second visit to the solar system in the 20th Century.

February 11 – Human rights activist Anatoly Shcharansky is released by the Soviet Union and leaves the country.

February 15 – The Beechcraft Starship makes its maiden flight.

February 16

* The Soviet liner Mikhail Lermontov sinks in the Marlborough Sounds, New Zealand.

* The French Air Force raids the Libyan Ouadi Doum airbase in northern Chad.

February 17 – The Single European Act is signed.

February 19

* The Soviet Union launches the Mir space station.

* After waiting 37 years, the United States Senate approves a treaty outlawing genocide.

February 25

* People Power Revolution: President Ferdinand Marcos of the Philippines goes into exile in Hawaii after 20 years of rule; Corazon Aquino becomes the first Filipino woman president, first as an interim president. Salvador Laurel becomes her Vice President.

* Egyptian military police, protesting against bad salaries, enter 4 luxury hotels near the pyramids, set fire to them and loot them.

February 26 – People Power Revolution in the Philippines.

February 27 – The United States Senate allows its debates to be televised on a trial basis.

February 28 – Swedish Prime Minister Olof Palme is assassinated on his way home from the cinema.

March

March 3 – The first paper is published describing the Atomic force microscope, invented the previous year by Gerd Binnig, Calvin Quate and Christopher Berger. Metallica releases their album Master of Puppets

March 4 – The Today national tabloid newspaper is launched in the United Kingdom, pioneering the use of computer photosetting and full-colour offset printing, at a time when British national newspapers still use Linotype machines and letterpress.

March 8 – The Japanese Suisei probe flies by Halley's Comet, studying its UV hydrogen corona and solar wind.

March 9 – United States Navy divers find the largely intact but heavily damaged crew compartment of the Space Shuttle Challenger; the bodies of all seven astronauts are still inside.

March 25 – The 58th Academy Awards are held in Los Angeles, California, with Out of Africa winning Best Picture.

March 26 – An article in the New York Times charges that Kurt Waldheim, former United Nations Secretary General and candidate for president of Austria, may have been involved in Nazi war crimes during World War II.

March 27 – A car bomb explodes at Russell Street Police HQ in Melbourne, killing a police officer.

March 31

* A fire devastates Hampton Court Palace in Surrey, England.

A Mexicana Boeing 727 jetliner crashes at Maravatio, Mexico, killing 173.

April

April 2 – A bomb explodes on a Trans World Airlines flight from Rome to Athens, killing 4 people.

April 5 – 1986 Berlin discotheque bombing: The West Berlin discothèque, a known hangout for United States soldiers, is bombed, killing 3 and injuring 230; Libya is held responsible.

April 13 – Pope John Paul II officially visits the Synagogue of Rome, the first time a modern Pope has visited a synagogue.

April 14 – Hailstones weighing 1 kg (2.2 lb) fall on the Gopalganj district of Bangladesh, killing 92.

April 15 – Operation El Dorado Canyon: At least 15 people die after United States planes bomb targets in the Libyan capital, Tripoli, and the Benghazi region

April 17

* British journalist John McCarthy is kidnapped in Beirut (released in August 1991) – 3 others are found dead; Revolutionary Cells (RZ) claims responsibility in retaliation for the U.S. bombing of Libya.

* A treaty ends the Three Hundred and Thirty Five Years' War between the Netherlands and the Isles of Scilly.

* The Hindawi Affair begins when an Irishwoman is found unknowingly carrying explosives onto an El Al flight from London to Tel Aviv.

April 21 – Geraldo Rivera opens Al Capone's secret vault on The Mystery of Al Capone's Vault, discovering only a bottle of moonshine.

April 26 – The Chernobyl disaster: A mishandled safety test at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant in Pripyat, Ukrainian SSR, Soviet Union "killed at least 4056 people and damaged almost $7 billion of property".

April 27 – "Captain Midnight" interrupts the HBO satellite feed.

April 29 – Diamond Jubilee of Emperor Showa is held at the Kokugikan in Tokyo

May

May 2 – The 1986 World Exposition opens in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.

May 8 – Óscar Arias is inaugurated into his first term as President of Costa Rica.

May 16 – The Seville Statement on Violence is adopted by an international meeting of scientists, convened by the Spanish National Commission for UNESCO, in Seville, Spain.

May 25

* Hands Across America: At least 5,000,000 people form a human chain from New York City to Long Beach, California, to raise money to fight hunger and homelessness.

* The Bangladeshi double decked ferry Shamia capsizes in the Meghna River, southern Barisal, Bangladesh, killing at least 600.

May 31 – The 1986 FIFA World Cup begins in Mexico.

June

June 4 – Jonathan Pollard pleads guilty to espionage for selling top secret United States military intelligence to Israel.

June 8 – Former United Nations Secretary-General Kurt Waldheim is elected president of Austria.

June 9 – The Rogers Commission releases its report on the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster.

June 12 – South Africa declares a nationwide state of emergency.

June 19 – American college basketball player Len Bias suffers a fatal cardiac arrhythmia from a cocaine overdose less than 48 hours after being selected 2nd overall by the Boston Celtics in the 1986 NBA Draft.

June 23 – Eric Thomas develops LISTSERV, the first email list management software.

June 24 – The Dominican Republic recognizes the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR).

June 29 – Argentina defeats West Germany 3–2 to win the 1986 FIFA World Cup.

July

July 1 – CSX Transportation is established.

July 5 – The Statue of Liberty is reopened to the public after an extensive refurbishment.

July 5–July 20 – The Goodwill Games are held in Moscow.

July 7 – Australian drug smugglers Kevin Barlow and Brian Chambers executed in Malaysia.

July 23 – In London, Prince Andrew, Duke of York marries Sarah Ferguson at Westminster Abbey.

July 27 – Greg LeMond wins the Tour de France.

July 28 – Estate agent Suzy Lamplugh vanishes after a meeting in London.

August

August 6

A low-pressure system moving from South Australia and redeveloping off the New South Wales coast dumps a record of rain in a day on Sydney.

* In Louisville, Kentucky, William J. Schroeder, the second artificial heart recipient, dies after 620 days.

* Australian Democrats leader Don Chipp retires from federal parliament and is succeeded by Janine Haines, the first woman to lead a political party in Australia.

August 19 – Two weeks after it was stolen, the Picasso painting Weeping Woman is found in a locker at the Spencer Street Station in Melbourne, Australia.

August 20 – In Edmond, Oklahoma, United States Postal Service employee Patrick Sherrill guns down 14 of his co-workers before committing suicide.

August 21 – The Lake Nyos disaster occurs in Cameroon, killing nearly 2,000 people.

August 31

* The Soviet passenger liner Admiral Nakhimov collides with the bulk carrier Pyotr Vasev in the Black Sea and sinks almost immediately, killing 398.

* Aeroméxico Flight 498, a Douglas DC-9, collides with a Piper PA-28 over Cerritos, California, killing 67 on both aircraft and 15 on the ground.

* The cargo ship Khian Sea departs from the docks of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, carrying 14,000 tons of toxic waste. It wanders the seas for the next 16 months trying to find a place to dump its cargo.

September

September 1 – Establishment of Jordan University of Science and Technology in Jordan.

September 4 – Eusko Alkartasuna, the Basque Social Democratic Party, is created in Vitoria-Gasteiz.

September 5 – Pan Am Flight 73, with 358 people on board, is hijacked at Karachi International Airport by 4 Abu Nidal terrorists.

September 6 – In Istanbul, 2 Abu Nidal terrorists kill 22 and wound 6 inside the Neve Shalom synagogue during Sabbath services.

September 7

* Desmond Tutu becomes the first black Anglican Church bishop in South Africa.

* Chilean dictator Augusto Pinochet survives an assassination attempt by the FPMR; 5 of his bodyguards are killed.

September 8 – The worldwide premiere of The Oprah Winfrey Show

September 13 – A magnitude 6.0 earthquake rocks the city of Kalamata in southern Greece, killing 20 people, injuring 80 and completely destroying 1/5 of the city.

October

October 1 – U.S. President Ronald Reagan signs the Goldwater–Nichols Act into law, making official the largest reorganization of the United States Department of Defense since the Air Force was made a separate branch of service in 1947.

October 3 – TASCC, a superconducting cyclotron, officially opens at Chalk River Laboratories.

October 7 – Slayer releases their album Reign in Blood

October 9

* United States District Court Judge Harry E. Claiborne becomes the fifth federal official to be removed from office through impeachment.

* News Corporation completes its acquisition of the Metromedia group of companies, thereby launching the Fox Broadcasting Company.

* The Phantom of the Opera, the longest running Broadway show in history, opens at Her Majesty's Theatre in London.

October 10 – An earthquake measuring 7.5 on the Richter Scale strikes San Salvador, El Salvador, killing an estimated 1,500 people.

October 11 – Cold War: Ronald Reagan and Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev meet in Reykjavík, Iceland, to continue discussions about scaling back their intermediate missile arsenals in Europe (the talks break down in failure).

October 12 – Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh visit the People's Republic of China.

October 16 – The International Olympic Committee chooses Albertville, France to be the host city of the 1992 Winter Olympics and Barcelona, Spain to be the host city of the 1992 Summer Olympics.

October 19 – Mozambican president Samora Machel's plane crashes in South Africa.

October 21 – The Marshall Islands become an associated state under the Compact of Free Association.

October 22 – In New York City WNBC Radio's traffic helicopter crashes into the Hudson River, killing traffic reporter Jane Dornacker. The last words heard on-the-air were Dornacker's screams of terror, "Hit the water! Hit the water! Hit the water!"

October 24 – Lambda Sigma Gamma Sorority Inc. was founded at Sacramento State by Linda V. Fuentes and 26 Founding Mothers.

October 26 – Bus deregulation goes into effect in the United Kingdom, except Greater London and Northern Ireland.

October 27

* The International World Day of Prayer is held in Assisi, Italy.

* World Series: The New York Mets defeat the Boston Red Sox in 7 games. This is the second world series title in the Mets franchise. It is also remembered for Game 6, when Bill Buckner lets an easy ground ball hit by Mookie Wilson roll through his legs, letting the Mets win and pull even with the Red Sox in the series.

* The Big Bang in the London Stock Exchange abolishes fixed commission charges, paving the way for electronic trading.

October 28

* The centennial of the Statue of Liberty's dedication is celebrated in New York Harbor.

* In London, Jeremy Bamber is found guilty of the murder of his parents, sister and twin nephews, and sentenced to life imprisonment, with a recommendation by the trial judge that he should serve at least 25 years before being considered for parole.

November

November 1

* Queensland, Australia: Joh Bjelke-Petersen wins his final election as Premier of Queensland with 38.6% of the vote. He resigns on December 1, 1987 following revelations of his involvement with corruption released in the Fitzgerald Inquiry.

* Trinidad and Tobago recognizes the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR).

November 3 – Iran–Contra affair: The Lebanese magazine Ash-Shiraa reports that the United States has been selling weapons to Iran in secret, in order to secure the release of 7 American hostages held by pro-Iranian groups in Lebanon.

November 4 – Democrats regain control of the United States Senate for the first time in 6 years. In California, Chief Justice Rose Bird and two colleagues are removed by voters from the Supreme Court of California for opposing capital punishment.

November 6 – Sumburgh disaster: A British International Helicopters Boeing 234LR Chinook crashes 2.5 miles east of Sumburgh Airport, killing 45 people (the deadliest civilian helicopter crash on record).

November 11 – Sperry Rand and Burroughs merge to form Unisys, becoming the second largest computer company.

November 12 – Australian singer John Farnham releases the album Whispering Jack, which becomes the highest selling album in Australia's history.

November 18

* Greater Manchester Police announce that they are to search for the bodies of 2 missing children (who both vanished more than 20 years ago) after the Moors Murderers Ian Brady and Myra Hindley confess to 2 more murders.

* Belize recognizes the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR).

November 21 – Iran-Contra Affair: National Security Council member Oliver North and his secretary, Fawn Hall, start shredding documents implicating them in selling weapons to Iran and channeling the proceeds to help fund the Contra rebels in Nicaragua.

November 22 – Mike Tyson wins his first world boxing title by defeating Trevor Berbick in Las Vegas.

November 25 – Iran-Contra Affair: U.S. Attorney General Edwin Meese announces that profits from covert weapons sales to Iran were illegally diverted to the anti-communist Contra rebels in Nicaragua.

November 26 – Iran-Contra Affair: U.S. President Ronald Reagan announces that as of December 1 former Senator John Tower, former Secretary of State Edmund Muskie, and former National Security Adviser Brent Scowcroft will serve as members of the Special Review Board looking into the scandal (they became known as the Tower Commission). Reagan denies involvement in the scandal.

December

December 7 – A 5.7 Richter scale earthquake destroys most of the Bulgarian town of Strajica, killing 2 people.

December 14 – Rutan Voyager, an experimental aircraft designed by Burt Rutan and piloted by Dick Rutan and Jeana Yeager, begins its flight around the world.

December 19 – Soviet dissident Andrei Sakharov is permitted to return to Moscow after years of internal exile.

December 20 – Three African Americans are assaulted by a group of white teens in the Howard Beach neighborhood of Queens, New York. One of the victims, Michael Griffith, is run over and killed by a motorist while attempting to flee the attackers.

December 22 – British Liberal Party Member of Parliament David Penhaligon, 42, is killed in a car crash near Truro in Cornwall, England.

December 23 – Voyager completes the first nonstop circumnavigation of the earth by air without refueling in 9 days, 3 minutes and 44 seconds.

December 26 – After 35 years on the airwaves and holding the title of longest-running non-news program on network television, NBC airs the final episode of daytime drama Search for Tomorrow.

December 31 – A fire at the Dupont Plaza Hotel in San Juan, Puerto Rico, kills 97 and injures 140.

Date unknown

The National park passport stamps program begins.

The Council on Competitiveness was founded

Average per capita income in Japan exceeds that in the USA.

Dragon Quest (Dragon Warrior in North America) was released in Japan.

Births

January

January 1 – Lee Sungmin, Korean singer (Super Junior)

January 5

* Deepika Padukone, Bollywood actress

* Teppei Koike, Japanese singer and actor

January 6

* Petter Northug, Norwegian cross-country skier

* Irina Sheik, Russian model

January 8 – David Silva, Spanish footballer

January 10 – Chen Jin, Chinese badminton player

January 12 – Gemma Arterton, British actress

January 17 – Chloe Rose Lattanzi, Australian actress and singer

January 22 – Daniel Smith, American actor (d. 2006)

January 24

* Mischa Barton, British-born American actress

* Raviv Ullman, Israeli-born American actor

January 26

* Hero, Korean Singer (TVXQ)

* Gerald Green, American basketball player

January 28 – Jessica Ennis, British athlete

January 31 – Yves Makabu-Makalambay, Belgian footballer

February

February 2

* Miwa Asao, Japanese beach volleyball player

* Tiffany Vise, American figure skater

February 5 – Claudia Cruz, Dominican model and beauty queen

February 6

* U-Know, Korean singer (TVXQ)

* Vedran Ćorluka, Croatian international footballer

February 8 – Charles Andrew Williams, American murderer

February 10 – Yui Ichikawa, Japanese actress

February 14 – Aschwin Wildeboer, Spanish swimmer

February 15 – Valeri Bojinov, Bulgarian footballer

February 19

* Marta, Brazilian footballer

* Maria Mena, Norwegian singer

* Björn Gustafsson, Swedish comedian

* Ophelia Lovibond, is an English actress

February 21

* Charlotte Church, Welsh soprano

* Prince Amedeo, Archduke of Austria-Este, Son of Princess Astrid of Belgium and Prince Lorenz of Belgium

February 23 – Kazuya Kamenashi, Japanese singer and actor

February 25 – Justin Berfield, American actor

February 26 – Teresa Palmer, Australian actress and model

March

March 1 – Jonathan Spector, American soccer player

March 2 – Ethan Peck; is an American actor

March 3 – Stacie Orrico, American singer

March 4 – Margo Harshman, is an American actress

March 5 – Corey Brewer, American basketball player

March 6 – Francisco Cervelli, American baseball player

March 8 – Princess Tsuguko of Takamado, a member of the Japanese Imperial Family

March 9 – Brittany Snow, American actress

March 11 – Dario Cologna, Swiss cross-country skier

March 13 – Chiaki Kyan, Japanese gravure idol

March 14 – Jamie Bell, British actor

March 16

* Ken Doane, American wrestler

* T. J. Jordan, American basketball player

* Daisuke Takahashi, Japanese figure skater

March 17 – Olesya Rulin, Russian-born actress

March 22 – Matt Bush (actor), American actor

March 25

* Megan Gibson, American softball player

* Marco Belinelli, Italian basketball player

March 26 – Jonny Craig, Canadian singer and songwriter

March 27

* Manuel Neuer, German football goalkeeper

* Valerie "So Cal Val" Wyndham, American wrestling valet

March 28 – Lady GaGa, American singer-songwriter

March 29 – Romina Oprandi, Italian tennis player

March 30 – Sergio Ramos, Spanish footballer

April

April 1 – Yurika Nakamura, Japanese long-distance runner

April 3

* Amanda Bynes, American actress

* Coleen Rooney, English model

April 4 – Eunhyuk, Korean singer (Super Junior)

April 8

* Igor Akinfeev, Russian footballer

* Félix Hernández, Venezuelan baseball player

* Erika Sawajiri, Japanese actress and model

April 9 – Leighton Meester, American actress

April 10

* Fernando Gago, Argentine footballer

* Vincent Kompany, Belgian footballer

April 16 – Shinji Okazaki, Japanese football player

April 18 – Maurice Edu, American footballer

April 19 – Candace Parker, American basketball player

April 20 – Pablo Martin, Spanish golfer

April 22 – Amber Heard, American actress

April 27 – Dinara Safina, Russian tennis player

May

May 12 – Emily VanCamp, Canadian actress

May 13

* Alexander Rybak, Norwegian singer

* Robert Pattinson, English actor model, musician, and producer

May 15

*Matías Fernández, Chilean footballer

May 16

*Megan Fox, American actress

*Jacob Zachar, is an American actor

May 20 – Dexter Blackstock, English footballer

May 22 – Tatiana Volosozhar, Ukrainian figure skater

May 23

* Nico Colaluca, American footballer

* Valentina Marchei, Italian figure skater

May 25 – Juri Ueno, Japanese actress

May 27 – Timo Descamps, Flemish Actor and Singer

May 28

*Charles N'Zogbia, French footballer

*Joseph Cross (actor), is an American actor

May 29 – Jaslene Gonzalez, Puerto Rican/American fashion model

May 31

* Brooke Castile, American figure skater

* Robert Gesink, Dutch cyclist

June

June 1 – Dayana Mendoza, Miss Universe 2008

June 3

* Brenden Richard Jefferson, American actor

* Rafael Nadal, Spanish tennis player

* Tomáš Verner, Czech Republic ice skater

June 4

* Takahisa Masuda, Japanese actor and singer

* Micky, Korean singer (TVXQ)

June 6 – Kim Hyun Joong, South Korean actor, model and singer (SS501)

June 11 – Shia LaBeouf, American actor

June 13

* Mary-Kate and Ashley Olsen, American actresses

* Kat Dennings, American actress

* Keisuke Honda, Japanese football player

June 15 – Momoko Ueda, Japanese golfer

June 18

* Richard Gasquet, French tennis player

* Shusaku Nishikawa, Japanese footballer

June 19 – Marvin Williams, American basketball player

June 25 – Lee Ho-Suk, South Korean short-track skater

June 26 – Philip Hughes, American baseball player

June 27

*Drake Bell, American actor and singer

*Sam Claflin, s an English actor

June 28

* Kellie Pickler, American singer

* Shadia Simmons, Canadian actress

June 30 – Victoria Crawford, American wrestler and model

July

July 1 – Casey Reinhardt, American model

July 2 – Lindsay Lohan, American actress and singer

July 5 – Adam Young, American singer

July 6 – Caroline Welz, tallest woman in Germany and model

July 8

*Renata Costa, Brazilian footballer

*Jake McDorman, is an American film and television actor

July 9

*Kiely Williams, American actress and singer

*Caroline D'Amore, is an American model

July 12

* JP Pietersen, South African rugby player

* Krystal Forscutt Australian reality TV star

July 17

* Dana, Korean singer/dancer/actress (TSZX)

* Lacey Von Erich, professional wrestler

* Kaitlin Riley, American actress

July 24 – Natalie Tran, Australian comedian

July 25 – Givanildo Vieira de Souza, Brazilian footballer

July 31 – Evgeni Malkin, Russian hockey player

August

August 2 – Caitlin Murphy, Australian model and actress

August 3

* Charlotte Casiraghi, heir to the Monaco throne

* Prince Louis of Luxembourg, Prince of Luxembourg

August 4 – Oleg Ivanov, Russian footballer

August 5 – Paula Creamer, American golfer

August 6 – Bryan Young, Canadian ice hockey player

August 7

* Paul Biedermann, German swimmer

* Nancy Sumari, Tanzanian Beauty Queen and Model, (Miss World 2005)

August 11 – Kaori Fukuhara, Seiyū

August 14 – Nigel Boogaard, Australian footballer

August 16

*Yu Darvish, Japanese baseball player

*Shawn Pyfrom, American actor

August 17 – Tobias Schönenberg, German actor and photo model

August 20 – Robert Clark, Canadian actor

August 21 – Usain Bolt, Jamaican sprinter

August 22 – Jack Perkins, Australian racing driver

August 23 – Neil Cicierega, American musician and animator

August 26 – Cassie Ventura, American pop and R&B; singer

August 27 – Mario, R&B; singer and actor

August 28 – Gilad Shalit, Israeli soldier/hostage

August 29 – Lauren Collins, Canadian actress

August 30 – Ryan Ross, guitarist (Panic at the Disco)

August 31 – Feng Tianwei, Singaporean Olympic table tennis player

September

September 2 – Moses Ndiema Kipsiro, Ugandan middle-distance runner

September 3 – Shaun White, American professional snowboarder

September 6 – Raven Riley, American porn star

September 8 – Jake Sandvig, is an American actor

September 9 – Jose Aldo, WEC Featherweight Champion, the first UFC Featherweight Champion

September 12 – Emmy Rossum, American actress and singer

September 14 – Ai Takahashi, Japanese singer

September 15 – Jenna McCorkell, British figure skater

September 16

* Gordon Beckham, American baseball player

* Kyla Pratt, American actress

September 18

* Keeley Hazell, British model

* Renaud Lavillenie, French pole vaulter

September 19

* Peter Vack, American voice actor

* Mandy Musgrave, American actress

September 24 – Leah Dizon, American singer and model

September 25 – Steve Forrest, American drummer

September 26 – Ashley Leggat, Canadian actress

September 27 – Natasha Thomas, Danish singer and songwriter

September 28 – Andrés Guardado, Mexican footballer

October

October 1 – Jurnee Smollett, American actress

October 2

*Tom Hudson, British Actor

*Camilla Belle, American actress

October 4 – Yuridia, Mexican singer

October 5 – Novica Velickovic, Serbian basketball player

October 6

* Tereza Kerndlová, Czech singer

* Olivia Thirlby, American actress

* Amber Stevens, is an American actress and model

October 9 – Laure Manaudou, French swimmer

October 10 – Nathan Jawai, Australian basketball player

October 11 – Henry Lau, Korean singer (Super Junior M)

October 12 – Marcus T. Paulk, American actor

October 14 – Skyler Shaye, American actress

October 15 – Lee Donghae, Korean singer (Super Junior)

October 16 – Craig Pickering, British sprinter

October 20 – Jessica Stroup, is an American actress

October 21

* Natalee Holloway, American murder victim (presumed d. 2005)

* Christopher Uckermann, Mexican actor

October 22

* Kyle Gallner, American actor

* Kara Lang, Canadian footballer

October 23, – Briana Evigan, is an American actress

October 24 – Aubrey "Drake" Graham, Canadian actor and rapper

October 28 – Tamar Kaprelian, is an Armenian American musician and singer

October 29 – Italia Ricci, is a Canadian actress

October 30 – Thomas Morgenstern, Austrian ski jumper

November

November 1 – Penn Badgley, American actor

November 3 – Jasmine Trias, Filipino-American singer

November 4 – Alexz Johnson, Canadian actress and singer

November 5

* BoA, Korean singer

* Kasper Schmeichel, Danish footballer

November 10 – Josh Peck, American actor and director

November 11 – François Trinh-Duc, French rugby player

November 12 – Evan Yo, Taiwanese singer-songwriter

November 15 – Sania Mirza, Indian tennis player

November 17

* Karmichael Hunt, Australian NRL player

* Nani, Cape Verde-born Portuguese footballer

November 18 – Nic Sampson, New Zealand actor

November 19 – Veronica Scott, American fashion designer

November 20 – Aaron Yan, Taiwanese singer

November 22 – Oscar Pistorius, South African Paralympic runner

November 24

* Pedro Leon, Spanish soccer player

* Mohamed Massaquoi, American football player

November 25

* Katie Cassidy, American singer and model

* Amber Hagerman, American murder victim and namesake for the AMBER Alert system (d. 1996)

November 27 – Suresh Raina, Indian cricket player

December

December 1 – DeSean Jackson, American football player

December 4 – Martell Webster, American basketball player

December 7 – Corey Vidal, Canadian online video content provider and digital media consultant

December 8 – Amir Khan, British boxer

December 11

*Lee Peltier, English footballer

*Alex House, is a Canadian actor

December 14 – Ivan Ugene Lajoie III

December 15 – Xiah, Korean singer (TVXQ)

December 18 – Jery Sandoval, Colombian actress, model and singer

December 19 – Ryan Babel, Dutch footballer

December 24

* Satomi Ishihara, Japanese actress

* Riyo Mori, Japanese Miss Universe 2007 winner

December 26 – Mew Azama, Japanese actress

December 29 – Kim Ok-bin, South Korean actress and model

December 30 – Ellie Goulding, British Artist

Deaths

January

January 1 – Alfredo Binda, Italian cyclist (b. 1902)

January 2 – Una Merkel, American actress (b. 1903)

January 4

* Christopher Isherwood, English writer (b. 1904)

* Phil Lynott, lead singer and bassist of Thin Lizzy (b. 1949)

January 7 – Juan Rulfo, Mexican writer (b. 1917)

January 8 – Pierre Fournier, French cellist (b. 1906)

January 10 – Jaroslav Seifert, Czech writer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1901)

January 14 – Donna Reed, American actress (b. 1921)

January 23 – Willard Van Dyke, American filmmaker and photographer (b. 1906)

January 24

* L. Ron Hubbard, American writer and founder of Scientology (b. 1911)

* Gordon MacRae, American actor, singer (b. 1921)

January 27 – Lilli Palmer, German actress (b. 1914)

January 28, in the Challenger disaster:

* Gregory Jarvis, American astronaut (b. 1944)

* Christa McAuliffe, American astronaut and teacher (b. 1948)

* Ronald McNair, American astronaut (b. 1950)

* Ellison Onizuka, American astronaut (b. 1946)

* Judith Resnik, American astronaut (b. 1949)

* Dick Scobee, American astronaut (b. 1939)

* Michael J. Smith, American astronaut (b. 1945)

January 29 – Leif Erickson, American actor (b. 1911)

February

February 1 – Alva Myrdal, Swedish politician, diplomat, and writer, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1902)

February 6 – Frederick Coutts, the 8th General of The Salvation Army (b. 1899)

February 7 – Minoru Yamasaki, Japanese-American architect, designed the twin towers of the World Trade Center (b. 1912)

February 10 – Brian Aherne, British actor (b. 1902)

February 11

* Frank Herbert, American author (b. 1920)

* Evelio Javier, Filipino politician, lawyer, and civil servant (b. 1942)

February 14 – Edmund Rubbra, British composer (b. 1901)

February 16 – Howard Da Silva, American actor (b. 1909)

February 17 – Jiddu Krishnamurti, Indian spiritual teacher (b. 1895)

February 21

* Helen Hooven Santmyer, American writer (b. 1895)

February 24 – Tommy Douglas, Canadian politician and "Father of medicare" in Canada (b. 1904)

February 27 – Jacques Plante, Canadian hockey player (b. 1929)

February 28

* Olof Palme, Swedish politician, Prime Minister of Sweden (b. 1927)

* Thomas Williams, British politician (b. 1915)

March

March 4

* Richard Manuel, Canadian musician (The Band) (b. 1943)

* Howard Greenfield, American songwriter (b. 1936)

March 6

* Adolph Caesar, American actor (b. 1933)

* Georgia O'Keeffe, American artist (b. 1887)

March 10

* Myron Cohen, American comedian (b. 1902)

* Ray Milland, Welsh actor (b. 1907)

March 18 – Bernard Malamud, American writer (b. 1914)

March 22

* Harriette Simpson Arnow, American novelist (b. 1908)

* Charles Starrett, American actor (b. 1903)

March 23 – Moshe Feinstein, Orthodox rabbi (b. 1895)

March 28 – Virginia Gilmore, American actress (b. 1919)

March 29 – Harry Ritz, American actor (b. 1907)

March 30 – James Cagney, American actor (b. 1899)

March 31

* O'Kelly Isley, American singer of The Isley Brothers (b. 1937)

* Jerry Paris, American actor and director (b. 1925)

April

April 3 – Peter Pears, English tenor (b. 1910)

April 7 – Leonid Kantorovich, Russian economist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1912)

April 8 – Yukiko Okada, Japanese idol singer (b. 1967)

April 13 – Stephen Stucker, American actor (b. 1947)

April 14 – Simone de Beauvoir, French feminist writer (b. 1908)

April 15

* Jean Genet, French writer (b. 1910)

* Tim McIntire, American actor (b. 1944)

April 19

* Aileen Britton, Australian actress (b. 1916)

* Alvin Childress, American actor (b. 1907)

April 22 – Mircea Eliade, Romanian historian of religions and writer (b. 1907)

April 23

* Harold Arlen, American music composer (b. 1905)

* Otto Preminger, Austrian-born film director (b. 1906)

April 24 – Wallis Simpson, widow of Duke of Windsor, formerly King Edward VIII of the United Kingdom (b. 1896)

April 26

* Broderick Crawford, American actor (b. 1911)

* Bessie Love, American actress (b. 1898)

* Dechko Uzunov, Bulgarian painter (b. 1899)

April 30 – Robert Stevenson, English film director (b. 1905)

May

May 1 – Hylda Baker, English comedy actress (b. 1905)

May 2 – Henri Toivonen, Finnish rally car driver (b. 1956)

May 3 – Robert Alda, American-born actor (b. 1914)

May 9

* Herschel Bernardi, American actor (b. 1923)

* Tenzing Norgay, Nepalese sherpa (b. 1914)

May 11 – Henry Plumer McIlhenny, American art collector, socialite, philanthropist and the chairman of the Philadelphia Art Museum (b. 1910)

May 12 – Elisabeth Bergner, Austrian actress (b. 1897)

May 14 – Janne Aikala, Finnish murder victim (b. 1975)

May 15

* Elio de Angelis, Italian race car driver (b. 1958)

* Theodore White, American writer (b. 1915)

May 19 – Jimmy Lyons, American musician (b. 1931)

May 23 – Sterling Hayden, American actor (b. 1916)

May 24 – Yakima Canutt, American actor and stuntman (b. 1895)

May 25 – Chester Bowles, American politician (b. 1901)

May 26 – Gian-Carlo Coppola, American film producer (b. 1963)

May 30 – Perry Ellis, American fashion designer (b. 1940)

May 31

* Jane Frank, American artist (b. 1918)

* James Rainwater, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1917)

June

June 3 – Anna Neagle, English actress (b. 1904)

June 5 – Bryan Grant, American tennis champion (b. 1909)

June 13

* Benny Goodman, American jazz musician (b. 1909)

* Ulla Strömstedt, Swedish actress (b. 1939)

June 14

* Jorge Luis Borges, Argentine writer (b. 1899)

* Alan Jay Lerner, American lyricist (b. 1918)

* Marlin Perkins, American zoologist (b. 1905)

June 16 – Maurice Duruflé, French composer (b. 1902)

June 17 – Kate Smith, American singer (b. 1907)

June 18 – Frances Scott Fitzgerald, daughter of F. Scott Fitzgerald and Zelda Sayre (b. 1921)

June 19

* Len Bias, American basketball player (b. 1963)

* Coluche, stage name of Michel Colucci, French comedian and humorist (b. 1944)

June 21 – Assi Rahbani, Lebanese composer, musician, conductor and author (b. 1923)

June 29 – Robert Drivas, American actor (b. 1938)

July

July 3 – Rudy Vallée, American singer, actor, and bandleader (b. 1901)

July 4 – Oscar Zariski, Russian mathematician (b. 1899)

July 6 – Jagjivan Ram, Indian politician (b. 1908)

July 8

* Hyman G. Rickover, American admiral (b. 1900)

* Skeeter Webb, baseball player (b. 1909)

July 14 – Raymond Loewy, French-born industrial designer (b. 1893)

July 15

* Florence Halop, American actress (b. 1923)

* Billy Haughton, American harness driver and trainer (b. 1923)

July 21 – Ernest Maas, American screenwriter (b. 1892)

July 24

* Fritz Albert Lipmann, American biochemist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1899)

* Laurie Nash, Australian sportsman (b. 1910)

* Yoshiyuki Tsuruta, Japanese Olympic swimmer (b. 1903)

July 25 – Vincente Minnelli, American film director (b. 1903)

July 26 – W. Averell Harriman, American diplomat and politician (b. 1891)

July 27 – Osbert Lancaster, British cartoonist (b. 1908)

July 31 – Teddy Wilson, American jazz pianist (b. 1912)

August

August 2 – Roy Cohn, American lawyer and anti-Communist (b. 1927)

August 4 – Willem Ruis, Dutch game show host (b. 1945)

August 10 – Chuck McKinley, American tennis champion (b. 1941)

August 16 – Jaime Sáenz, Bolivian poet, novelist, and short story writer (b. 1921)

August 19

* Hermione Baddeley, English actress (b. 1906)

* Lorenzo Tucker, American actor (b. 1907)

August 20 – Milton Acorn, Canadian poet, writer, and playwright (b. 1923)

August 21 – Thad Jones, American jazz musician (b. 1923)

August 22 – Celal Bayar, ex-President of Turkey (b:1883)

August 26 – Ted Knight, American actor (b. 1923)

August 27 – George Nepia, New Zealand Maori rugby player (b. 1905)

August 29 – Arthur Meyerhoff, American advertising agency executive and entrepreneur (b. 1895)

August 31

* Urho Kekkonen, President of Finland (b. 1900)

* Henry Moore, British sculptor (b. 1898)

September

September 1 – Murray Hamilton, American actor (b. 1923)

September 4 – Hank Greenberg, baseball player (b. 1911)

September 6 – Blanche Sweet, American actress (b. 1896)

September 7 – Omar Ali Saifuddin III, Sultan of Brunei (b. 1914)

September 12 – Frank Nelson, American actor (b. 1911)

September 18 – Pat Phoenix, British actress (b. 1923)

September 22 – József Asbóth, Hungarian tennis champion (b. 1917)

September 25 – Nikolay Semyonov, Russian chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1896)

September 26 – Noboru Terada, Japanese Olympic swimmer (b. 1917)

September 27 – Cliff Burton, American bassist (Metallica) (b. 1962)

September 28 – Robert Helpmann, Australian dancer and choreographer (b. 1909)

October

October 5

* Hal B. Wallis, American film producer (b. 1899)

* James H. Wilkinson, English mathematician (b. 1919)

October 7 – Wallace Wade, American football coach, University of Alabama, Duke University (b. 1892)

October 11 – Boris Leven, Russian-born art director (b. 1908)

October 14 – Keenan Wynn, American actor (b. 1916)

October 16 – Arthur Grumiaux, Belgian violinist (b. 1921)

October 19 – Samora Machel, President of Mozambique (b.1933)

October 22 – Albert Szent-Györgyi, Hungarian physiologist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1893)

October 23 – Edward Adelbert Doisy, American biochemist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1893)

October 25 – Forrest Tucker, American actor (F Troop) (b. 1919)

October 26 – Jackson Scholz, American runner (b. 1897)

October 28 – Ian Marter, British actor and writer (b. 1944)

October 31 – Robert S. Mulliken, American physicist and chemist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry (b. 1896)

November

November 2 – Paul Frees, American voice actor (b. 1920)

November 5 – Claude Jutra, Canadian film director (b. 1930)

November 6 – Elisabeth Grümmer, Alsatian soprano (b. 1911)

November 8

* Artur London, Czech statesman (b. 1915)

* Vyacheslav Molotov, Soviet politician (b. 1890)

November 10 – Rogelio de la Rosa, Filipino actor and politician (b. 1916)

November 16 – Siobhan McKenna, Irish actress (b. 1923)

November 18 – Gia Carangi, American supermodel (b. 1960)

November 21

* Jerry Colonna, American comedian (b. 1904)

* Dar Robinson, American film stuntman (b. 1947)

November 22

* Scatman Crothers, American actor, musician (b. 1910)

* William Bradford Huie, American journalist, editor, publisher and author (b. 1910)

November 29 – Cary Grant, British actor (b. 1904)

December

December 2 – Desi Arnaz, Cuban-born actor (b. 1917)

December 3 – Austin Hayes, Irish footballer (b. 1958)

December 10 – Susan Cabot, American actress (b. 1927)

December 13 – Heather Angel, English actress (b. 1909)

December 15 – Serge Lifar, Russian dancer and choreographer (b. 1905)

December 21 – Willy Coppens, Belgian pilot (b. 1892)

December 22 – Ida Cook (aka Mary Burchell), British novelist and campaigner for Jewish refugees (b. 1904)

December 26 – Elsa Lanchester, English actress (b. 1902)

December 28 – Jan Nieuwenhuys, Dutch painter (b. 1922)

December 29

* Harold Macmillan, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom 1957-1963 (b. 1894)

* Andrei Tarkovsky, Russian film director (b. 1932)

December 31 – Lloyd Haynes, American actor (b. 1934)

Date unknown

Hilda Conkling, child poet (b. 1910)

Iren Marik, classical Hungarian pianist (b. 1906)

Nobel Prizes

Physics – Ernst Ruska, Gerd Binnig, Heinrich Rohrer

Chemistry – Dudley R. Herschbach, Yuan T. Lee, John Charles Polanyi

Physiology or Medicine – Stanley Cohen, Rita Levi-Montalcini

Literature – Wole Soyinka

Peace – Elie Wiesel

Economics – James Buchanan Jr

Templeton Prize

Rev. Dr. James McCord

References

Name	Peter Gabriel
Background	solo_singer
Birth name	Peter Brian Gabriel
Born	February 13, 1950
Origin	Chobham, Surrey, England
Instrument	Vocals, keyboards, flute, drums, piano, guitar, bass guitar, harmonica, oboe
Genre	Progressive rock, experimental rock, pop rock, art rock, world music |
Occupation	Musician, record producer
Voice type	Baritone
Years active	1967–present
Label	Geffen (US & Canada)Real WorldVirginCharismaAtlantic (US & Canada)EMI (Brazil)
Associated acts	Genesis, Phil Collins
Url	petergabriel.com

Peter Brian Gabriel (born 13 February 1950) is a British singer, musician, and songwriter who rose to fame as the lead vocalist and flautist of the progressive rock group Genesis. After leaving Genesis, Gabriel went on to a successful solo career. More recently he has focused on producing and promoting world music and pioneering digital distribution methods for music. He has also been involved in various humanitarian efforts. In 2007 Gabriel was honoured as a BMI Icon at the 57th annual BMI London Awards for his “influence on generations of music makers.” Gabriel was also awarded the Polar Music Prize in 2009 and inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of Genesis in 2010.

Early life

Gabriel was born in Chobham, Surrey, England. His father, Ralph Parton Gabriel, was an electrical engineer, and his mother, Edith Irene Allen, from a musical family, taught him to play the clarinet at an early age. He attended Cable House, a private primary (pre-prep) school in Woking, Surrey, St Andrews Prep School in Horsell, then Charterhouse School (Godalming) from 1963.

Genesis

Gabriel founded Genesis in 1967 with fellow Charterhouse School pupils Tony Banks, Anthony Phillips, Mike Rutherford, and drummer Chris Stewart. The name of the band was suggested by fellow Charterhouse alumnus, the pop music impresario Jonathan King, who produced their first album, From Genesis to Revelation.

Gabriel was influenced by many different sources in his way of singing, such as Family lead singer Roger Chapman. In 1970, he played the flute on Cat Stevens' album, Mona Bone Jakon.

Genesis drew some attention in England and eventually also in Italy, Belgium, Germany and other European countries, largely due to Gabriel's flamboyant stage presence, which involved numerous bizarre costume changes and comical, dreamlike stories told as the introduction to each song (originally Gabriel developed these stories solely to cover the time between songs that the rest of the band would take tuning their instruments and fixing technical glitches). The concerts made extensive use of black light with the normal stage lighting subdued or off. A backdrop of fluorescent white sheets and a comparatively sparse stage made the band into a set of silhouettes, with Gabriel's fluorescent costume and make-up providing the only other sources of light.

Costumes

In an Australian-aired television documentary (The Seven Ages of Rock), Steve Hackett recalled the first appearance of Gabriel 'in costume'. It was the dress-wearing, fox-headed entity immortalised on the cover of Foxtrot. Hackett and the rest of the band had no inkling that Gabriel was going to do this, and at the time Hackett worried that it would ruin the performance. However, it was a success, encouraging Gabriel to continue wearing costumes while singing.

Among Gabriel's many famous costumes, which he developed to visualise the musical ideas of the band as well as to gain press coverage, were "Batwings" for the band's usual opening number, "Watcher of the Skies".

Other costumes included "The Flower" and "Magog", which were both alternately worn for "Supper's Ready" from the album Foxtrot.

"Britannia" was worn for "Dancing with the Moonlit Knight", and "The Reverend" was worn for "The Battle of Epping Forest" from Selling England by the Pound.

"The Old Man" was worn for "The Musical Box" from Nursery Cryme.

"The Slipperman" and "Rael" were worn during "The Colony of Slippermen", in which "Rael" was the protagonist of the album The Lamb Lies Down on Broadway.

The backing vocals during Gabriel's tenure in Genesis were usually handled by bassist/guitarist Mike Rutherford, keyboardist/guitarist Tony Banks, and (most prominently) drummer Phil Collins, who, after a long search for a replacement, eventually became Genesis's lead singer---after Gabriel had left the band in 1975.

Departure

Gabriel's departure from Genesis—which stunned fans of the group and left many commentators wondering if the band could survive—was the result of a number of factors. His stature as the lead singer of the band, and the added attention garnered by his flamboyant stage persona, led to tensions within the band. Genesis had always operated more or less as a collective, and Gabriel's burgeoning public profile led to fears within the group that he was being unfairly singled out as the creative hub. The band had also begun to feel confined by the reputation (and fans' expectations) attached to their famously elaborate theatrical performances, believing that the visual element of their performances was receiving more attention than their actual music.

Tensions were heightened by the ambitious album and tour of the concept work The Lamb Lies Down on Broadway, a Gabriel-created concept piece which saw him taking on the lion's share of the lyric writing. During the writing and recording of The Lamb Lies Down on Broadway, Gabriel was approached by director William Friedkin, allegedly because Friedkin had found Gabriel's short story in the liner notes to Genesis Live interesting. Gabriel's interest in a film project with Friedkin was another contributing factor in his decision to leave Genesis. The decision to quit the band was made before the tour supporting The Lamb Lies Down on Broadway, but Gabriel stayed with the band until the conclusion of that tour. Although tensions were high, both Gabriel and the remaining members of Genesis have stated publicly that Gabriel left the band on good terms, supported by the fact that he officially left eight months after telling the band it was time for him to move on.

The breaking point came with the difficult pregnancy of Gabriel's wife, Jill, and the subsequent birth of their first child, Anna. When he opted to stay with his sick daughter and wife, rather than record and tour, the resentment from the rest of the band led Gabriel to conclude that he had to leave the group. "Solsbury Hill", Gabriel's début single as a solo artist, was written specifically about his departure from Genesis. The song also charted on the Billboard Hot 100 in 1978, reaching the Top 70, though it was recorded in 1976, and appeared on the 'Car' album in 1977. In 1982, Gabriel reunited with his former Genesis colleagues for the one-off concert, Six of the Best.

Solo career

Gabriel refused to title any of his first four solo albums, which were all labelled Peter Gabriel using the same typeface, but which featured different cover designs (by Hipgnosis); these designs are also notable for the fact that Gabriel's face is wholly or partially obscured in some way. They are usually differentiated by number in order of release (I, II, III, IV), or by sleeve design, with the first three solo albums often referred to as Car, Scratch and Melt respectively, in reference to their cover artwork. His fourth solo album, also called Peter Gabriel, was titled Security in the U.S. at the behest of Geffen Records.

After acquiescing to distinctive titles, Gabriel used a series of 2-letter words to title his next three albums: So, Us, and Up. His most recent greatest hits compilation is titled Hit; within the two-CD package, disc one is labelled "Hit" and disc two is labelled "Miss".

Peter Gabriel albums (1977–1985)

Gabriel recorded his first self-titled solo album in 1976 and 1977 with producer Bob Ezrin. His first solo success came with the single "Solsbury Hill", an autobiographical piece expressing his thoughts on leaving Genesis. Although mainly happy with the music, Gabriel felt that the album, and especially the track "Here Comes the Flood" was over-produced. Sparser versions can be heard on Robert Fripp's Exposure, and on Gabriel's greatest hits compilation Shaking the Tree (1990).

Gabriel worked with guitarist Fripp as producer of his second solo LP, in 1978. This album was leaner, darker and more experimental, and yielded decent reviews, but no major hits.

Gabriel developed a new interest in world music (especially percussion), and for bold production, which made extensive use of recording tricks and sound effects. Gabriel's interest in music technology is considered by many people to be the spark of his success as it inspired his third album. The third album is often credited as the first LP to use the now-famous "gated drum" sound. Collins played drums on several tracks, including the opener, "Intruder", which featured the reverse-gated, cymbal-less drum kit sound which Collins would also use on his single "In the Air Tonight" and through the rest of the 1980s. Gabriel had requested that his drummers use no cymbals in the album's sessions, and when he heard the result he asked Collins to play a simple pattern for several minutes, then built "Intruder" around it. The album achieved some chart success with the songs "Games Without Frontiers" (#4 U.K, #48 U.S.), "I Don't Remember", and "Biko".

Arduous and occasionally damp recording sessions at his rural English estate in 1981 and 1982, with co-producer/engineer David Lord, resulted in Gabriel's fourth LP release, on which Gabriel took more production responsibility. It was one of the first commercial albums recorded entirely to digital tape (using a Sony mobile truck), and featured the early, extremely expensive, Fairlight CMI sampling computer, which had already made its first brief appearances on the previous album. Gabriel combined a variety of sampled and deconstructed sounds with world-beat percussion and other unusual instrumentation to create a radically new, emotionally charged soundscape. Furthermore, the sleeve art consisted of inscrutable, video-based imagery. Despite the album's peculiar sound, odd appearance, and often disturbing themes, it sold very well. This album featured his first Top 40 hit in the U.S., "Shock the Monkey", as well as the song "I Have the Touch". The music video for "Shock the Monkey", which featured Gabriel in white face paint and a caged macaque, held the #1 spot on "MTV" for 9 weeks. Geffen records forced Peter to give his fourth self-titled album a name in the US - Security - to mark his arrival on the label and to differentiate his fourth album from the other three.

Alternate versions of Gabriel's third and fourth albums were also released with German lyrics. Peter Gabriel 3 consisted of basically the same recording overdubbed with new vocals, while Security was also remixed and several tracks were extended or altered in slight ways.

Gabriel toured extensively for each of his albums. Initially, he pointedly eschewed the theatrics that had defined his tenure with Genesis. For his second solo tour, his entire band shaved their heads. By the time of Security he began involving elaborate stage props and acrobatics which had him suspended from gantries, distorting his face with Fresnel lenses and mirrors, and wearing unusual make-up. His 1982–83 tour included a section opening for David Bowie. Recordings of this tour were released as the double LP Plays Live.

The stage was set for Gabriel's critical and commercial breakout with his next studio release, which was in production for almost three years. During the recording and production of the album he also found time to develop the film soundtrack for Alan Parker's 1984 feature Birdy, which consisted of new material as well as remixed instrumental tracks from his previous studio album.

So, Passion and Us (1986–1994)

Gabriel achieved his greatest popularity with songs from the 1986 So album, which produced three UK Top 20 hits ("Sledgehammer", "Big Time", and "Don't Give Up" — a duet with Kate Bush). The album also produced three Top 40 hits in the U.S., "Sledgehammer", "In Your Eyes" (featured in the John Cusack film Say Anything), and "Big Time" (Gabriel's most recent Top Ten hit), as well as the single "Red Rain". "Sledgehammer", peaked at #4 in the UK but was a #1 hit in the U.S., knocking Genesis' "Invisible Touch" off the top spot. The ballad "Don't Give Up" was about the devastation of unemployment. Gabriel co-produced So with Daniel Lanois, also known for his work with U2 and Brian Eno.

Gabriel's song "Sledgehammer", which dealt specifically with the themes of sex and sexual relations, was accompanied by a much-lauded music video, which was a collaboration with director Stephen R. Johnson, Aardman Animations, and the Brothers Quay. The video won numerous awards at the 1987 MTV Music Video Awards, and set a new standard for art in the music video industry. A follow-up video for the song "Big Time" also broke new ground in music video animation and special effects. The song is a story of "what happens to you when you become a little too successful", in Gabriel's words. The success of the album earned Peter Gabriel two awards at The Brit Awards in 1987: Best British Male Solo Artist and Best British Video for "Sledgehammer".

In 1989, Gabriel released , the soundtrack for Martin Scorsese's movie The Last Temptation of Christ. For this work he received his first Grammy Award, in the category of Best New Age Performance. He also received a Golden Globe nomination for Best Original Score - Motion Picture.

Following this, Gabriel released Us in 1992 (also co-produced with Daniel Lanois), an album in which he explored the pain of recent personal problems; his failed first marriage, and the growing distance between him and his first daughter.

Gabriel's introspection within the context of the album Us can be seen in the first single release "Digging in the Dirt" directed by John Downer. Accompanied by a disturbing video featuring Gabriel covered in snails and various foliage, this song made reference to the psychotherapy which had taken up much of Gabriel's time since the previous album. Gabriel describes his struggle to get through to his daughter in "Come Talk To Me" directed by Matt Mahurin, which featured backing vocals by Sinéad O'Connor. O'Connor also lent vocals to "Blood of Eden", directed by Nichola Bruce and Michael Coulson, the third single to be released from the album, and once again dealing with relationship struggles, this time going right back to Adam's rib for inspiration. The result was one of Gabriel's most personal albums. It met with less success than So, reaching #2 in the album chart on both sides of the Atlantic, and making modest chart impact with the singles "Digging in the Dirt" and the funkier "Steam", which evoked memories of "Sledgehammer". Gabriel followed the release of the album with a world tour (with Paula Cole or Joy Askew filling O'Connor's vocal role) and accompanying double CD and DVD Secret World Live in 1994.

Gabriel employed an innovative approach in the marketing of the Us album. Not wishing to feature only images of himself, he asked artist filmmakers Nichola Bruce and Michael Coulson to coordinate a marketing campaign using contemporary artists. Artists such as Helen Chadwick, Rebecca Horn, Nils Udo, Andy Goldsworthy, David Mach and Yayoi Kusama collaborated to create original artworks for each of the 11 songs on the multi-million-selling CD. Coulson and Bruce documented the process on Hi-8 video. Bruce left Real World and Coulson continued with the campaign, using the documentary background material as the basis for a promotional EPK, the long-form video All About Us and the interactive CD-ROM Xplora1.

Gabriel won three more Grammy Awards, all in the Music Video category. He won the Grammy Award for Best Short Form Music Video in 1993 and 1994 for the videos to "Digging in the Dirt" and "Steam" respectively. Gabriel also won the 1996 Grammy Award for Best Long Form Music Video for his Secret World Live video.

OVO, Up, and Scratch My Back

After five years of not releasing any new music, Gabriel re-emerged with OVO, a soundtrack for the live Millennium Dome Show in London in 2000, and , the music from the Australian movie Rabbit-Proof Fence, early in 2002. This soundtrack also received a Golden Globe nomination for Best Original Score - Motion Picture.

In September 2002, Gabriel released Up, his first full-length studio album in a decade. Entirely self-produced, Up returned to some of the themes of his work in the late 1970s and early 1980s. Three singles failed to make an impression on the charts—in part because almost every track exceeded six minutes in length, with multiple sections—but the album sold well globally, as Gabriel continued to draw from a loyal fan base from his almost forty years in the music business. Up was followed by a world tour featuring his daughter Melanie Gabriel on backing vocals, and two concert DVDs, Growing Up Live (2003) and (2004).

In 2008, Gabriel contributed to the WALL-E soundtrack with several new songs with Thomas Newman, including the film's closing song, "Down to Earth", for which they received the Grammy Award for Best Song Written for a Motion Picture, Television or Other Visual Media. The song was also nominated for the Golden Globe for Best Original Song - Motion Picture and the Academy Award for Best Original Song.

In 2010, Gabriel released Scratch My Back. The album is made up entirely of cover songs including material written by David Bowie, Lou Reed, The Arcade Fire, Radiohead, Regina Spektor, Neil Young, and more. The concept for the record is that Gabriel covers songs by various artists and those artists in turn will cover Gabriel songs to be released on a future follow-up album called I'll Scratch Yours. Scratch My Back features only orchestral instrumentation; there are no guitars, drums, or electronic elements that are usual attributes of Gabriel records. A very brief tour followed the album's release where Gabriel performed with a full orchestra and two female backup singers, his daughter Melanie Gabriel and Norwegian singer-songwriter Ane Brun.

Musicians and collaborators

Gabriel has worked with a relatively stable crew of musicians and recording engineers throughout his solo career. Bass and Stick player Tony Levin, for example, has appeared on every Gabriel studio album, although not the soundtracks Passion and Long Walk Home, and has performed on every Gabriel solo tour. Guitar player David Rhodes has been Gabriel’s guitarist of choice since 1979. Prior to So, Jerry Marotta was Gabriel's preferred drummer, both in the studio and on the road. (For the So and Us albums and tours Marotta was replaced by Manu Katché, who was then replaced by Ged Lynch on parts of the Up album and all of the subsequent tour). Gabriel is known for choosing top-flight collaborators, from co-producers such as Ezrin, Fripp, Lillywhite, and Lanois to musicians such as Natalie Merchant, Elizabeth Fraser, L. Shankar, Trent Reznor, Youssou N'Dour, Larry Fast, Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan, Sinéad O'Connor, Kate Bush, Ane Brun, Paula Cole, John Giblin, Peter Hammill, Papa Wemba, Manu Katché, Bayete, Phil Collins (as drummer), and Stewart Copeland.

Over the years, Gabriel has collaborated with singer Kate Bush several times; Bush provided backing vocals for Gabriel's "Games Without Frontiers" and "No Self Control" in 1980, and female lead vocal for "Don't Give Up" (a Top 10 hit in the UK) in 1986, and Gabriel appeared on her television special. Their duet of Roy Harper's "Another Day" was discussed for release as a single, but never appeared.

He also collaborated with Laurie Anderson on two versions of her composition "Excellent Birds" – one for her 1984 album Mister Heartbreak, and a slightly different version called "This is the Picture (Excellent Birds)", which appeared on cassette and CD versions of So. In 1987, when presenting Gabriel with an award for his music videos, Anderson related an occasion in which a recording session had gone late into the night and Gabriel's voice had begun to sound somewhat strange, almost dreamlike. It was discovered that he had fallen asleep in front of the microphone, but had continued to sing.

Gabriel sang (along with Jim Kerr of Simple Minds) on "Everywhere I Go", from The Call's 1986 release, Reconciled. On Toni Childs' 1994 CD, The Woman's Boat, Gabriel sang on the track, "I Met a Man".

In 1998 Gabriel appeared on the soundtrack of , not as a composer, but as the singer of the song "That'll Do", written by Randy Newman. The song was nominated for an Academy Award, and Gabriel and Newman performed it at the following year's Oscar telecast. He performed a similar soundtrack appearance for the 2004 film Shall We Dance?, singing a cover version of "The Book of Love" by The Magnetic Fields.

Gabriel has also appeared on Robbie Robertson's self-titled album, singing on "Fallen Angel"; co-written two Tom Robinson singles; and appeared on Joni Mitchell's 1988 album Chalk Mark in a Rainstorm, on the track "My Secret Place".

In 2001 Gabriel contributed lead vocals to the song "When You're Falling" on Afro Celt Sound System's . In the summer of 2003, Gabriel performed in Ohio with a guest performance by Uzbek singer Sevara Nazarkhan.

Gabriel collaborated on tracks with electronic musician BT. The tracks were never released, as the computers they were contained on were stolen from BT's home in California. He also sang the lyrics for Deep Forest on their theme song for the movie Strange Days. In addition, Gabriel has appeared on Angelique Kidjo's 2007 album Djin Djin, singing on the song "Salala".

Gabriel has recorded a cover of the Vampire Weekend single "Cape Cod Kwassa Kwassa" with Hot Chip, where his name is mentioned several times in the chorus. He substitutes the original line "But this feels so unnatural / Peter Gabriel too / This feels so unnatural/ Peter Gabriel too" with "It feels so unnatural / Peter Gabriel too / and it feels so unnatural / to sing your own name."

WOMAD and other projects

Gabriel has been interested in world music for many years, with the first musical evidence appearing on his third album. This influence has increased over time, and he is the driving force behind the World of Music, Arts and Dance (WOMAD) movement. He created the Real World Studios and record label to facilitate the creation and distribution of such music by various artists, and he has worked to educate Western culture about the work of such musicians as Yungchen Lhamo, Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan and Youssou N'dour. He has a long-standing interest in human rights, and launched Witness, a nonprofit which trains human rights activists to use video and online technologies to expose human rights abuses. In 2006 his work with WITNESS and his long standing support of peace and human rights causes was recognised by the Nobel Peace Prize Laureates with the Man of Peace award.

In the 1990s, with Steve Nelson of Brilliant Media and director Michael Coulson, he developed advanced multimedia CD-ROM-based entertainment projects, creating the acclaimed Xplora (the world's largest selling music CD-ROM), and subsequently the EVE CD-ROM. EVE was a music and art adventure game directed by Michael Coulson and co-produced by the Starwave Corporation in Seattle; it won the prestigious Milia d'Or award Grand Prize at the Cannes in 1996 and featured themes and interactivity well in advance of its time. Xplora and EVE can no longer be played on modern PCs, due to changes to their operating systems.

In 1994, Gabriel starred in the Breck Eisner short film "Recon" as a detective who enters the minds of murder victims to find their killer's identity.

Gabriel helped pioneer a new realm of musical interaction in 2001, visiting Georgia State University's Language Research Center to participate in keyboard jam sessions with bonobo apes from the Democratic Republic of the Congo. (This experience inspired the song "Animal Nation," which was performed on Gabriel's 2002 "Growing Up" tour and was featured on the Growing Up Live DVD and The Wild Thornberrys Movie soundtrack.) Gabriel's desire to bring attention to the intelligence of primates also took the form of ApeNet, a project that aimed to link great apes through the internet, enabling the first interspecies internet communication.

He was one of the founders of On Demand Distribution (OD2), one of the first online music download services. Its technology is used by MSN Music UK and others, and has become the dominant music download technology platform for stores in Europe. OD2 was bought by US company Loudeye in June 2004 and subsequently by Finnish mobile giant Nokia in October 2006 for $60 million.

Additionally, Gabriel is also co-founder (with Brian Eno) of a musicians union called Mudda, short for "magnificent union of digitally downloading artists."

In 2003, Gabriel's song "Burn You Up, Burn You Down" was featured in Cyan Worlds' video game . In 2004, Gabriel contributed another song ("Curtains") and contributed voice work on another game in the Myst franchise, .

During the latter part of 2004, Gabriel spent time in a village in eastern Nepal with musician Ram Sharan Nepali, learning esoteric vocal techniques. Gabriel subsequently invited Nepali to attend and perform at the Womad festival in Adelaide, Australia.

In June 2005, Gabriel and broadcast industry entrepreneur David Engelke purchased Solid State Logic, a leading manufacturer of mixing consoles and digital audio workstations. SSL is among the top 2 or 3 recording console manufacturers in the world of recording.

In May 2008, Gabriel's Real World Studios, in partnership with Bowers & Wilkins, started the Bowers & Wilkins Music Club - now known as Society of Sound - a subscription-based music retail site. Albums are currently available in either Apple Lossless or Flac format.

Activist for humanitarian causes

In 1986 he started what has become a longstanding association with Amnesty International, becoming a pioneering participant in all 28 of Amnesty's Human Rights Concerts — a series of music events and tours staged by the US Section of Amnesty International between 1986-1998. He performed during the six-concert A Conspiracy of Hope US tour in June 1986; the twenty-concert Human Rights Now! world tour in 1988; the Chile: Embrace Of Hope Concert in 1990 and at The Paris Concert For Amnesty International in 1998. He also performed in Amnesty's Secret Policeman's Ball benefit shows. He spoke of his support for Amnesty on NBC's Today Show in 1986.

Inspired by the social activism he encountered in his work with Amnesty, in 1992 Gabriel co-founded WITNESS, a non-profit group that equips, trains and supports locally-based organizations worldwide to use video and the internet in human rights documentation and advocacy.

In 1995 he was one of the two winners of the North-South Prize in its inaugural year.

In the late 1990s, Gabriel and entrepreneur Richard Branson discussed with Nelson Mandela their idea of a small, dedicated group of leaders, working objectively and without any vested personal interest to solve difficult global conflicts.

On 18 July 2007, in Johannesburg, South Africa, Nelson Mandela announced the formation of a new group, Global Elders, in a speech he delivered on the occasion of his 89th birthday. The present members of this group are Desmond Tutu, Graça Machel, Kofi Annan, Ela Bhatt, Lakhdar Brahimi, Gro Harlem Brundtland, Fernando Henrique Cardoso, Jimmy Carter, Mary Robinson, Muhammad Yunus, and Aung San Suu Kyi (with an empty chair for her).

The Elders will be independently funded by a group of "Founders", including Branson and Gabriel.

Desmond Tutu serves as the chair of the Elders, who will use their collective skills to catalyse peaceful resolutions to long-standing conflicts, articulate new approaches to global issues that are causing or may later cause immense human suffering, and share wisdom by helping to connect voices all over the world. They will work together over the next several months to consider carefully which specific issues they will confront.

In November 2007 Gabriel's non-profit group WITNESS launched The Hub, a participatory media site for human rights.

In September 2008 Gabriel was named as the recipient of Amnesty International’s 2008 Ambassador of Conscience Award. In the same month, he received Quadriga United We Care award of Werkstatt Deutschland along with Boris Tadić, Eckart Höfling and Wikipedia. The award was presented to him by Queen Silvia of Sweden.

Gabriel lent his support to the campaign to release Sakineh Mohammadi Ashtiani, an Iranian woman sentenced to death by stoning after being convicted of committing adultery.

Politics

For the 1997 general election, Gabriel declared himself as a supporter for the Labour Party — who won that election by a landslide after 18 years out of power, led by Tony Blair.

In 1998, Gabriel was named in a list of the biggest private financial donors to the Labour Party. In 2003, he revealed he had voted for Labour and admired what they had done for health and education but distanced himself from the Labour government over Tony Blair’s support for George W. Bush and Britain’s involvement in the Iraq War, which he strongly opposed, although he continued to believe Blair was a man of conscience. Quoted in The Mirror newspaper, he said:

This is a fundamental issue of life and death and I very much think the Prime Minister is in the wrong. I'm also sure George W. Bush is an affable bloke but he's highly dangerous and I wish America was in the hands of someone else. To put oil interests ahead of human life is appalling. War is always terrible but unjustified war is obscene and on present evidence that is what we are facing. People want peace and I think it's great that the Mirror is leading this campaign. I think the consequences of this war would be the biggest threat to world peace in my lifetime. Blair has got to get it right. To take action without UN backing would be inviting disaster by setting the Muslim world against the West. If we are taking a moral position why did we arm Iraq when they were killing the Kurds? If it's because of weapons of mass destruction why isn't North Korea higher on the list? Not that I'd support action there. And if it's a principle of what Iraq has done to its own people why do we bend over for China? I'm sure Bush believes he is removing a scourge but he has never done one thing in office against the interests of the oil lobby who paid for a large part of the election. I don't actually believe Tony Blair is focused on oil but if he knows more than we do I wish he would tell us because there's no justification so far for taking life. War with Iraq would be an aggressive, uncalled for action. It's good the Prime Minister is prepared to stick to his principles, going against public opinion, because you elect leaders in part for their conscience. I just think it's terrible that on this of all issues he is making a stand which separates him from the nation. I think Tony Blair is following his conscience but I believe he is misguided. It could cost him the next election and I think he's aware of that. I'd personally be sad if they lost because Labour has done a lot for health and education, but an unjust war would be enough to lose my vote. I'd like to see a reinforced UN weapons inspection team in Iraq and disarmament much more in line with the French and German proposals. There is a slogan which says: 'Peace is what happens when you respect the rights of others'. Iraqis have rights too.

In 2005, Gabriel gave a Green Party of England and Wales general election candidate special permission to record a cover of his song "Don't Give Up" for his campaign.

In 2010, The Guardian described Gabriel as "a staunch advocate of proportional representation".

Personal life

Gabriel has two daughters with his first wife Jill Moore: Anna-Marie (born 26 July 1974) and Melanie Gabriel (born 23 August 1976). Married on 17 March 1971, they divorced in 1987. Moore's father was Lord Moore of Wolvercote.

Anna-Marie is a filmmaker and Melanie is a musician. Anna-Marie filmed and directed the Growing Up On Tour: A Family Portrait and DVDs. Melanie has been a backing vocalist in her father's band since 2002.

In the late 1980s and early 1990s, Gabriel lived with actress Rosanna Arquette but they never married.

Gabriel also has two sons with Meabh Flynn: Isaac Ralph (born 27 September 2001) and Luc (born 5 July 2008). Gabriel and Flynn have been married since 9 June 2002.

Gabriel has resided for many years in the county of Wiltshire in England, where he also runs his Real World Studios. He previously lived in the Woolley Valley near Bath, Somerset. In 2010 he joined a campaign to stop an agricultural development at the valley, which had also inspired his first solo single "Solsbury Hill" in 1977.

Appearances: 2005–present

Gabriel actively coordinated and performed at the Eden Project Live 8 concert in July 2005. In his earliest days, Gabriel played flute on Cat Stevens's first album on the Island records label, Mona Bone Jakon as a "nervous session musician". Stevens, now known as Yusuf Islam, joined him on stage 33 years after that experience, in Johannesburg during Nelson Mandela's 46664 concert. The two performed the Stevens hit "Wild World".

A double DVD set, , was released in October 2005.

FIFA asked Gabriel and Brian Eno to organise an opening ceremony for the 2006 FIFA World Cup finals in Germany, planned to take place a couple of days before the start of the tournament. Gabriel had recently become a fan of the game and 2005 champions league winners Liverpool, and worked on songs for the show in Berlin's Olympic Stadium; however, the show was cancelled in January 2006 by FIFA after going over budget with an apparent lack of interest in the project. The official explanation was potential damage to the pitch.

Rumours of a possible reunion of the original Genesis line-up began circulating in 2004 after Phil Collins stated in an interview that he was open to the idea of sitting back behind the drums and "let Peter be the singer." The classic line-up has only reformed for a live performance once before, in 1982. However, the group did work together to create a new version of the 1974 song "The Carpet Crawlers", ultimately released on the album as "The Carpet Crawlers 1999". Gabriel later met with other Genesis band members, to discuss a possible reunion tour of The Lamb Lies Down on Broadway. He chose to opt out of a reunion tour, and his former bandmates, Collins, Banks, and Rutherford chose to tour as Genesis without him.

At the opening ceremonies of the Winter Olympics in Torino, Italy, Gabriel performed John Lennon's "Imagine" during the opening of the festivities on 10 February 2006.

Cingular Wireless has aired commercials featuring Gabriel's "Solsbury Hill".

Gabriel's song "Digging in the Dirt" was used for promotional videos for the FX show "Dirt"

Gabriel is involved in The Filter, an add-on application for iTunes, Windows Media Player and some Nokia phones which can automatically generate playlists based on music you select.

In October 2006, Gabriel was given the first Pioneer Award at the BT Digital Music Awards, an award presented in recognition of his "profound and lasting influence on the development of digital music."

In November 2006, the Seventh World Summit of Nobel Peace Laureates in Rome presented Gabriel with the Man of Peace award. The award, presented by former President of the USSR and Nobel Peace Prize winner Mikhail Gorbachev and Walter Veltroni, Mayor of Rome, was an acknowledgement of Gabriel's extensive contribution and work on behalf of human rights and peace. The award was presented in the Giulio Cesare Hall of the Campidoglio in Rome. At the end of the year, he was awarded the Q Magazine Lifetime Achievement Award, presented to him by American musician Moby. In an interview published in the magazine to accompany the award, Gabriel's contribution to music was described as "vast and enduring."

Gabriel took on a project with the BBC World Service's competition "The Next Big Thing" to find the world's best young band. Gabriel is judging the final six young artists with William Orbit, Geoff Travis and Angelique Kidjo.

The Times reported on 21 January 2007, that Peter Gabriel had announced that he planned to release his next album in the U.S. without the aid of a record company. Gabriel, an early pioneer of digital music distribution, had raised £2 million towards recording and 'shipping' his next album, Big Blue Ball in a venture with investment boutique Ingenious Media. Gabriel is expected to earn double the money that he would through a conventional record deal. Commercial director Duncan Reid of Ingenious explains the business savvy of the deal, saying, "If you're paying a small distribution fee and covering your own marketing costs, you enjoy the lion's share of the proceeds of the album. Gabriel is expected to outsource CD production for worldwide release through Warner Bros. Records. The new album deal covers the North America territory, where Gabriel is currently out of contract.

The album Big Blue Ball was launched in America thanks to a venture capital trust initiative. Bosses at London-based firm Ingenious raised more than $4 million (GBP 2 million) to help promote the release in the United States. The venture capitalists, Gabriel and his Real World Limited partners, have created a new joint venture company, High Level Recordings Limited, to oversee the release of the album, which took place in 2008. Gabriel appeared on a nationwide tour for the album in 2009.

On 24 May 2007, he was honoured with the Ivor Novello Award for lifetime achievement.

Gabriel was a judge for the 6th and 8th annual Independent Music Awards to support independent artists.

He also appears in Strange Powers, the 2009 documentary by Kerthy Fix and Gail O'Hara about Stephin Merritt and his band, the Magnetic Fields.

In February 2009, Gabriel announced that he would not be performing on the Academy Awards telecast because producers of the show were limiting his performance of "Down to Earth" from WALL-E to 65 seconds.

Gabriel's 2009 tour of Mexico and South America included visiting Mexico, Argentina, Chile, Peru, and Venezuela. His first ever performance in Peru was held in Lima on 20 March 2009, during his second visit to the country. His concert in Mexico City, on 27 March 2009, attracted more than 38,000 fans.

On 25 July 2009, he played at WOMAD Charlton Park, his only European performance of the year, to promote Witness. The show included two tracks from the forthcoming "Scratch My Back" album: Paul Simon's 'The Boy in the Bubble' and The Magnetic Fields' 'The Book of Love'.

Discography

See also

List of best selling music artists

List of artists who reached number one on the Hot 100 (U.S.)

List of artists who reached number one on the U.S. Dance chart

List of artists who reached number one on the U.S. Mainstream Rock chart

References

External links

Audio interview at BBC Wiltshire

Peter Gabriel takes part in a panel at the Global Philanthropy Forum video

TED Talks: Peter Gabriel fights injustice with a videocamera at TED in 2006

Category:1950 births Category:Living people Category:Charisma Records artists Category:Atlantic Records artists Category:BRIT Award winners Category:English film score composers Category:English male singers Category:English rock keyboardists Category:English rock singers Category:English singer-songwriters Category:Genesis (band) members Category:Grammy Award winners Category:Ivor Novello Award winners Category:International opponents of apartheid in South Africa Category:Old Carthusians Category:People from Chobham Category:Real World artists Category:Honorary Members of the Royal Academy of Music