name | World Intellectual Property Organization |
---|---|
type | Specialized Agency |
acronyms | WIPO |
head | Director-General of WIPO Francis Gurry |
status | Active |
established | 1967 |
website | www.wipo.int |
footnotes | }} |
[[File:WIPO.png|thumb|280px|WIPO members ]] The World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) is one of the 16 specialized agencies of the United Nations. WIPO was created in 1967 "to encourage creative activity, to promote the protection of intellectual property throughout the world".
WIPO currently has 184 member states, administers 24 international treaties, and is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland. The current Director-General of WIPO is Francis Gurry, who took office on October 1, 2008. 183 of the UN Members as well as the Holy See are Members of WIPO. Non-members are the states of Cook Islands, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Nauru, Niue, Palau, Solomon Islands, Timor-Leste, Tuvalu, Vanuatu and the states with limited recognition. Palestine has observer status.
WIPO was formally created by the Convention Establishing the World Intellectual Property Organization, which entered into force on April 26, 1970. Under Article 3 of this Convention, WIPO seeks to "promote the protection of intellectual property throughout the world." WIPO became a specialized agency of the UN in 1974. The Agreement between the United Nations and the World Intellectual Property Organization notes in Article 1 that WIPO is responsible
:"for promoting creative intellectual activity and for facilitating the transfer of technology related to industrial property to the developing countries in order to accelerate economic, social and cultural development, subject to the competence and responsibilities of the United Nations and its organs, particularly the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, the United Nations Development Programme and the United Nations Industrial Development Organization, as well as of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization and of other agencies within the United Nations system."
The Agreement marked a transition for WIPO from the mandate it inherited in 1967 from BIRPI, to promote the protection of intellectual property, to one that involved the more complex task of promoting technology transfer and economic development.
Unlike other branches of the United Nations, WIPO has significant financial resources independent of the contributions from its Member States. In 2006, over 90% of its income of just over CHF 250 million was expected to be generated from the collection of fees by the International Bureau (IB) under the intellectual property application and registration systems which it administers (the Patent Cooperation Treaty, the Madrid system for trade marks and the Hague system for industrial designs).
In the 1980s, this led to the United States and other developed countries "forum shifting" intellectual property standard-setting out of WIPO and into the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, which later evolved into the World Trade Organization, where the North had greater control of the agenda. This strategy eventually resulted in the enactment of Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS).
Much of the important work at WIPO is done through committees, including the Standing Committee on Patents (SCP), the Standing Committee on Copyright and Related Rights (SCCR), the Advisory Committee on Enforcement (ACE), and the Intergovernmental Committee (IGC) on Access to Genetic Resources, Traditional Knowledge and Folklore, and the Working Group on Reform of the Patent Cooperation Treaty.
In October 2004, WIPO agreed to adopt a proposal offered by Argentina and Brazil, the "Proposal for the Establishment of a Development Agenda for WIPO" - from the Geneva Declaration on the Future of the World Intellectual Property Organization. This proposal was well supported by developing countries. A number of civil society bodies have been working on a draft Access to Knowledge (A2K) Treaty which they would like to see introduced.
The Washington Post reported in 2003 that Lois Boland (USPTO Director of International Relations) said "that open-source software runs counter to the mission of WIPO, which is to promote intellectual-property rights." Also saying, "To hold a meeting which has as its purpose to disclaim or waive such rights seems to us to be contrary to the goals of WIPO."
Category:International trade Category:Patent offices * Category:United Nations specialized agencies
ar:المنظمة العالمية للملكية الفكرية bg:Световна организация за интелектуална собственост ca:Organització Mundial de la Propietat Intel·lectual cs:Světová organizace duševního vlastnictví da:World Intellectual Property Organization de:Weltorganisation für geistiges Eigentum el:Παγκόσμιος Οργανισμός Διανοητικής Ιδιοκτησίας es:Organización Mundial de la Propiedad Intelectual eo:Monda Organizaĵo de Intelekta Propraĵo fa:سازمان جهانی مالکیت فکری fr:Organisation mondiale de la propriété intellectuelle gl:Organización Mundial da Propiedade Intelectual ko:세계 지적 재산권 기구 hr:Svjetska organizacija za intelektualno vlasništvo id:Organisasi Hak atas Kekayaan Intelektual Dunia is:Alþjóðahugverkastofnunin it:Organizzazione Mondiale per la Proprietà Intellettuale he:הארגון העולמי לקניין רוחני kk:Зияткерлік меншік жөніндегі дүниежүзілік ұйым hu:Szellemi Tulajdon Világszervezete mk:Светска организација за интелектуална сопственост ms:Pertubuhan Harta Intelek Sedunia my:WIPO nl:Wereldorganisatie voor de Intellectuele Eigendom ja:世界知的所有権機関 no:Den internasjonale opphavsrettsorganisasjonen nn:Verdsorganisasjonen for immateriell eigedomsrett pl:Światowa Organizacja Własności Intelektualnej pt:Organização Mundial da Propriedade Intelectual ro:Organizația Mondială a Proprietății Intelectuale ru:Всемирная организация интеллектуальной собственности sk:Svetová organizácia duševného vlastníctva sr:Светска организација за интелектуалну својину fi:Maailman henkisen omaisuuden järjestö sv:World Intellectual Property Organization ta:உலக அறிவுசார் சொத்து நிறுவனம் th:องค์การทรัพย์สินทางปัญญาแห่งโลก tr:Dünya Fikri Mülkiyet Örgütü uk:Всесвітня організація інтелектуальної власності ur:عالمی تنظیم برائے حقوق دانش vi:Tổ chức Sở hữu Trí tuệ Thế giới zh:世界知识产权组织This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
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