Alexander Borodin--Prince Igor: Boyar's Chorus
- Order:
- Duration: 2:37
- Published: 19 Aug 2009
- Uploaded: 31 Aug 2011
- Author: usdgamer
read the title. I bought this song from iTunes.
Boyars
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Andrei Ryabushkin
Andrei Petrovich Ryabushkin (; – ) was a Russian painter. His major works were devoted to life of ordinary Russians of the 17th century.
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Bulgars
The Bulgars (also Bolgars, Bulghars, or Proto-Bulgarians) were a people who lived in Eastern Europe during the Early Middle Ages. Their ethnicity is uncertain but most scholars posit that they were a Turkic people with some Iranian elements that migrated to Europe from Central Asia in 4th century. In the 7th century they established two states on the Pontic-Caspian steppe: Great Bulgaria, which spanned between the Caspian Sea and Black Sea, and Volga Bulgaria on the territory that is now part of the Russian Republics of Tatarstan and Chuvashia. Likewise, they imposed themselves in the Balkans as the elite ruling class of the Danube Bulgar Khanate. In each of these regions they were gradually assimilated over a period of centuries by the local ethnic groups, giving rise to several modern peoples claiming descent from them: Volga Tatars (see Bulgarism) and Chuvash, Balkars and Bulgarians.
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Constantine VII
Constantine VII Porphyrogennetos or Porphyrogenitus, "the Purple-born" (), (September 2, 905 – November 9, 959) was the son of the Byzantine emperor Leo VI and his fourth wife Zoe Karbonopsina. He was also the nephew of the Emperor Alexander. He is famous for his four descriptive books, De Administrando Imperio, De Ceremoniis, De Thematibus and Vita Basilii.
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Edvard Grieg
Edvard Hagerup Grieg (15 June 18434 September 1907) was a Norwegian composer and pianist who composed in the Romantic period. He is best known for his Piano Concerto in A minor, for his incidental music to Henrik Ibsen's play Peer Gynt (which includes Morning Mood and In the Hall of the Mountain King), and for his collection of piano miniatures Lyric Pieces.
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Ivan III
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Ivan IV
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Ivan IV of Russia
Ivan IV Vasilyevich (, Ivan Chetvyorty, Vasilyevich; 25 August 1530 – ), known in English as Ivan the Terrible (, Ivan Grozny), was Grand Prince of Moscow from 1533. His long reign saw the conquest of the Khanates of Kazan, Astrakhan, and Siberia, transforming Russia into a multiethnic and state spanning almost one billion acres, growing during his term at a rate of approximately a day. Ivan oversaw numerous changes in the transition from a medieval nation state to an empire and emerging regional power, and became the first Tsar of a new and more powerful nation.
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Johan Halvorsen
Johan Halvorsen (15 March 1864 4 December 1935) was a Norwegian composer, conductor and violinist.
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Justus Sustermans
Justus Sustermans (September 28, 1597 – April 23, 1681), also known as Giusto Sustermans, was a Flemish painter in the Baroque style. He was born in Antwerp and died in Florence.
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Ottoman Empire
The Sublime Ottoman State (Ottoman Turkish, Persian: دَوْلَتِ عَلِيّهٔ عُثمَانِیّه Devlet-i ʿAliyye-yi ʿOsmâniyye, Modern Turkish: Yüce Osmanlı Devleti or Osmanlı İmparatorluğu) was an empire that lasted from 1299 to 1923.
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Bulgaria
Bulgaria ( , Balgariya, ), officially the Republic of Bulgaria (, Republika Balgariya, ), is a country in Southern Europe. Bulgaria borders five other countries: Romania to the north (mostly along the Danube), Serbia and the Republic of Macedonia to the west, and Greece and Turkey to the south. The Black Sea defines the extent of the country to the east.
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Moscow
Moscow ( or ; ; see also ) is the capital, the most populous city, and the most populous federal subject of Russia. The city is a major political, economic, cultural, religious, financial, educational, and transportation centre of Russia and the world, a global city. Moscow is the most populous city on the continent of Europe and the seventh largest city proper in the world, a megacity. The population of Moscow (as of 1 January 2010) is 10,563,038.
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Ukraine
Ukraine ( ; , transliterated: , ), with its area of 603,628 km2, is the second largest country in Eastern Europe. It is bordered by the Russian Federation to the east and northeast, Belarus to the northwest, Poland, Slovakia and Hungary to the west, Romania and Moldova to the southwest, and the Black Sea and Sea of Azov to the south and southeast respectively.
http://wn.com/Ukraine -
Veliko Tarnovo
Veliko Tarnovo (, sometimes transliterated as Veliko Turnovo) is a city in north central Bulgaria and the administrative centre of Veliko Tarnovo Province. Often referred to as the "City of the Tsars", Veliko Turnovo is located on the Yantra River and is famous as the historical capital of the Second Bulgarian Empire, attracting many tourists with its unique architecture.
http://wn.com/Veliko_Tarnovo -
Wallachia
Wallachia or Walachia ( or ', archaic: ', Cyrillic: ) is a historical and geographical region of Romania. It is situated north of the Danube and south of the Southern Carpathians. Wallachia is sometimes referred to as Muntenia (Greater Wallachia), through identification with the larger of its two traditional sections; the smaller being Oltenia (Lesser Wallachia).
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- Aristocracy
- beard
- Boyar Duma
- Bulgar language
- Bulgaria
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- Constantine VII
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- early Middle Ages
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- Feudalism
- Grand Vizier
- Greek language
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- Ivan IV of Russia
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- postelnic
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ClassiCal Poly- Entry March of the Boyars
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:20
- Published: 27 Oct 2007
- Uploaded: 08 Jun 2011
- Author: RenegadeBushido
After some time after doing Peter and the Wolf I've decided on doing another duck project. This time around I've chosen a more obscure piece. So here is an excerpt of Entry March of the Boyars by Norwegian composer Johan Halvorsen. I hope you enjoy the video and that your days are filled with music.
Joe Spina, Entry March of the Boyars 11/19/09
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:15
- Published: 23 Apr 2010
- Uploaded: 23 Jun 2010
- Author: joespina1217
Entry March of the Boyars, op 17 by Johan Halvorsen .mov
The Sonoma State University Chamber Wind Ensemble, directed by Dr. Andy Collinsworth, performs "Entry March of the Boyars" in the Green Music Center Joan and Sanford I. Weill Hall on March 25, 2011. No copyright infringement intended.
Entry March of the Boyars
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:02
- Published: 14 Jan 2010
- Uploaded: 07 Aug 2011
- Author: MrRolandoMolina
Under the direction of Rolando Molina, the McAllen Symphonic Band performs their program entitled, "A Musical Theater". The name of this selection is "Entry March of the Boyars". Many more videos from this program can be found here: youtube.com/MrRolandoMolina
Entry March of the Boyars - Silver Band
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:58
- Published: 27 May 2010
- Uploaded: 24 Apr 2011
- Author: cutterwgonzalez
Entry March of the Boyars performed by the New Braunfels High School Silver Band of 2009-10 at Texas Lutheran University in Seguin, Texas.
Pioneer Symphony Band 2009 - Entry March of The Boyars
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:23
- Published: 30 Mar 2009
- Uploaded: 03 Aug 2011
- Author: tmad40blue
This is the Pioneer High School Symphony Band at the 59th Annual 2009 Bands in Review Concert. The piece in this video is entitled "Entry March of The Boyars" by Johan Halvorsen.
Entry March of the Boyars - J. Halvorsen
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:27
- Published: 20 May 2009
- Uploaded: 02 May 2011
- Author: deadicated96
Wind Ensemble Conducted by - Mr. R. Morales
Entry March of the Boyars - Johan Halvorsen - SMHS Wind Ensemble
Entry March of the Boyars - Johan Halvorsen - SMHS Wind Ensemble San Marino High School Music Department Presents A Night of Classics Neher Auditorium Thursday, March 11, 2010
Dance of the Boyars by St. Nicholas Russian Youth Dancers
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:56
- Published: 30 Jun 2011
- Uploaded: 30 Jun 2011
- Author: GreatLakesGeek
Dance of the Boyars by St. Nicholas Orthodox Church Russian Youth Dancers at the 2011 International Folk Festival at Wade Oval in University Circle in Cleveland Ohio. www.clevelandpeople.com
FSU Concert Band - Entry March of the Boyars
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:43
- Published: 15 Apr 2010
- Uploaded: 03 Jun 2011
- Author: TheBoredOne7
The Florida State University Concert Band performing Entry March of the Boyars by Johan Halvorsen.
Entry March of the Boyars - Pioneer Symphony Band 2008-09
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:47
- Published: 20 Jun 2011
- Uploaded: 20 Jun 2011
- Author: ericyamakado
Ann Arbor Pioneer High School Symphony Band 2008-09 Entry March of the Boyars by Johan Halvorsen, arr. Frederick Fennell Esprit de Corps: www.youtube.com Concertante for Two Flutes: www.youtube.com Old Comrades: www.youtube.com Symphony for Band (Mvt. I and II): www.youtube.com Symphony for Band (Mvt. III and IV): www.youtube.com Awayday: www.youtube.com
Entry March of the Boyars
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:15
- Published: 10 Jul 2010
- Uploaded: 01 Mar 2011
- Author: ColonialForgeBands
Colonial Forge Wind Ensemble Spring Concert 2010
Pioneer High School Symphony Band - Entry March of the Boyars
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:56
- Published: 30 Mar 2009
- Uploaded: 02 Jun 2011
- Author: shihjayang
Entry March of the Boyars Johan Halvorsen, composer Pioneer High School Symphony Band David Leach, conductor Bands in Review March 29, 2009
tom and boyars attempt a polo thing
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:06
- Published: 18 May 2006
- Uploaded: 18 Feb 2010
- Author: marsalltheway
tom and boyars attempt to do a fizzy cola polo thing outside jamie's house, but it get's messed up and doesn't work propa
Johan Halvorsen - Entry March of the Boyars (Kyle Smith, guest conductor)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:08
- Published: 22 Aug 2011
- Uploaded: 22 Aug 2011
- Author: kasmith2020
The Oklahoma State University Symphonic Band performs Johan Halvorsen's "Entry March of the Boyars" on April 28th, 2011. Conducting graduate student Kyle Smith is the guest conductor.
Banda de Irún Entry March of the boyars
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:41
- Published: 22 Mar 2011
- Uploaded: 22 Mar 2011
- Author: BandaLousame
photo: Creative Commons / Ghirlandajo
Monks successfully defended the Trinity Lavra of St. Sergius against the Poles from September 1609 to January 1611.
photo: Creative Commons / Ghirlandajo
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsardom_of_Russia Andrei Ryabushkin. Tsar Michael at the Session of the Boyar Duma.
photo: Creative Commons / Sergey Rodovnichenko
Church of the Intercession at Fili.
photo: Public Domain / Mithgol the Webmaster
Patriarch Filaret (Feodor Romanov)
photo: Creative Commons / Serge Lachinov
Battle of Poltava. M. Lomonosov's mosaic. Academy of Sciences. S.-Petersburg. 1762–1764 Peter .Charles XII refused to retreat to Poland or back to Sweden, instead invading Ukraine.
photo: Creative Commons
Fresco in the 4th century BC Thracian Tomb of Kazanlak, an UNESCO World Heritage Site.
photo: Creative Commons
Władysław in young age.
photo: Creative Commons / Bogdan
The Dâmboviţa River is a river in Romania. It starts at the junction of headwaters Valea Vladului and Boarcăşu, having its source in the Făgăraş Mountains, and flowing southward. It passes through Bucharest and flows into the Argeş River 286 kilometres from its source, near Budeşti, in Călăraşi County. Dâmboviţa County is named after the river.
photo: Creative Commons
Romanian War of Independence monument (built 1915)
photo: Creative Commons
Templul Iubirii ("The Temple of Love"), drawing by Gheorghe Asachi
photo: Creative Commons
Mogoşoaia Palace Palatul Mogoşoaia
photo: Creative Commons / Pixi
The Palace of the Chamber of Deputies (Romanian: Palatul Camerei Deputaţilor) (now the Palace of the Patriarchate (Palatul Patriarhiei); also known as the Palace of the Great National Assembly (Palatul Marii Adunări Naţionale) during the Communist regime) is a building in Bucharest, Romania located on the plateau of Dealul Mitropoliei. The building served as the seat of successive Romanian legislatures: of the Assembly of Deputies during the Kingdom of Romania, then of the Communist-era Great Na
![Râmnicu Vâlcea (also spelled Rîmnicu Vîlcea, Romanian pronunciation: [ˈrɨmniku ˈvɨlt͡ʃe̯a]) (population: 107,726) is the capital city of Vâlcea County, Romania (in the historical province of Oltenia).](http://web.archive.org./web/20110906153841im_/http://cdn2.wn.com/pd/5e/68/7ebb72adb33b4441621684557387_grande.jpg "Râmnicu Vâlcea (also spelled Rîmnicu Vîlcea, Romanian pronunciation: [ˈrɨmniku ˈvɨlt͡ʃe̯a]) (population: 107,726) is the capital city of Vâlcea County, Romania (in the historical province of Oltenia).")
photo: Creative Commons / Magnus Manske
Râmnicu Vâlcea (also spelled Rîmnicu Vîlcea, Romanian pronunciation: [ˈrɨmniku ˈvɨlt͡ʃe̯a]) (population: 107,726) is the capital city of Vâlcea County, Romania (in the historical province of Oltenia).
photo: Creative Commons
Intercession Cathedral looms over the streets of Zaryadye (Fedor Alekseev, 1802)
![Kazanlak (Bulgarian: Казанлък) is a Bulgarian town located in the middle of the plain of the same name, at the foot of the Balkan mountain range, at the eastern end of the Rose Valley. Kazanlak is the 10th biggest industrial center in Bulgaria, with a population of 79,464 people as of 2007[citation needed]. The town is the center of rose oil extraction in Bulgaria and the oil-producing rose of Kazanlak is one of the most widely recognizable national symbols](http://web.archive.org./web/20110906153841im_/http://cdn4.wn.com/pd/d1/b8/745aa220e537a307baea91d8bfe0_grande.jpg "Kazanlak (Bulgarian: Казанлък) is a Bulgarian town located in the middle of the plain of the same name, at the foot of the Balkan mountain range, at the eastern end of the Rose Valley. Kazanlak is the 10th biggest industrial center in Bulgaria, with a population of 79,464 people as of 2007[citation needed]. The town is the center of rose oil extraction in Bulgaria and the oil-producing rose of Kazanlak is one of the most widely recognizable national symbols")
photo: Creative Commons / Moltov
Kazanlak (Bulgarian: Казанлък) is a Bulgarian town located in the middle of the plain of the same name, at the foot of the Balkan mountain range, at the eastern end of the Rose Valley. Kazanlak is the 10th biggest industrial center in Bulgaria, with a population of 79,464 people as of 2007[citation needed]. The town is the center of rose oil extraction in Bulgaria and the oil-producing rose of Kazanlak is one of the most widely recognizable national symbols
photo: Creative Commons
Red Square, early 17th century. Fragment from Bleau Atlas. The structure with three roof tents in foreground left is the original detached belfry of the Trinity Cathedral, drawn not to scale. Trinity Cathedral stands behind it, slightly closer to the road starting at St. Frol's (later Saviour's ) Gate of the Kremlin. The horseshoe-shaped object near the road in the foreground is Lobnoye Mesto.
photo: Creative Commons
Moldavia, Wallachia and Transylvania were briefly united under the rule of Michael the Brave in 1600.
photo: Creative Commons
John Hunyadi
photo: Creative Commons
Peter the Great at a young age
photo: Creative Commons
Map of Brooklyn
![Râmnicu Vâlcea (also spelled Rîmnicu Vîlcea, Romanian pronunciation: [ˈrɨmniku ˈvɨlt͡ʃe̯a]) (population: 107,726) is the capital city of Vâlcea County, Romania (in the historical province of Oltenia).](http://web.archive.org./web/20110906153841im_/http://cdn1.wn.com/pd/5e/68/7ebb72adb33b4441621684557387_thumb.jpg "Râmnicu Vâlcea (also spelled Rîmnicu Vîlcea, Romanian pronunciation: [ˈrɨmniku ˈvɨlt͡ʃe̯a]) (population: 107,726) is the capital city of Vâlcea County, Romania (in the historical province of Oltenia).")
![Kazanlak (Bulgarian: Казанлък) is a Bulgarian town located in the middle of the plain of the same name, at the foot of the Balkan mountain range, at the eastern end of the Rose Valley. Kazanlak is the 10th biggest industrial center in Bulgaria, with a population of 79,464 people as of 2007[citation needed]. The town is the center of rose oil extraction in Bulgaria and the oil-producing rose of Kazanlak is one of the most widely recognizable national symbols](http://web.archive.org./web/20110906153841im_/http://cdn3.wn.com/pd/d1/b8/745aa220e537a307baea91d8bfe0_thumb.jpg "Kazanlak (Bulgarian: Казанлък) is a Bulgarian town located in the middle of the plain of the same name, at the foot of the Balkan mountain range, at the eastern end of the Rose Valley. Kazanlak is the 10th biggest industrial center in Bulgaria, with a population of 79,464 people as of 2007[citation needed]. The town is the center of rose oil extraction in Bulgaria and the oil-producing rose of Kazanlak is one of the most widely recognizable national symbols")
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- Andrei Ryabushkin
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Publisher Marion Boyars driven out of business
10 Sep 2009
The Guardian
Pioneering independent is to be wound up, with many back catalogue titles to be licensed to Penguin One of the UK's most adventurous independent publishers, Marion Boyars, is being forced out of business after more than 40 years by the adverse climate of today's book trade....
Seattle Post
NORTH BEND -- The woodsy Middle Fork stretch of the Snoqualmie River was once so lawless that Mark Boyar had to help guard a new bridge there for more than a month. If he and others hadn't kept a 24-hour vigil, the wooden footbridge...
native Jay Boyar will come to the area at 2
12 Mar 2007
Buffalo News
p.m. today for a signing of his...
'Photo by Sammy Davis, Jr' by Burt Boyar
18 Feb 2007
Pittsburgh Post-Gazette
The entertainer's photographic hobby produces a rich history of his life and America's Sunday, February 18, 2007 By Bob Hoover, Pittsburgh Post-Gazette Everybody, it seemed, loved Sammy Davis Jr., and he loved them back -- with his camera. Photos courtesy of Altovise Gore Davis "There would have...
Boyar bags marathon crown
30 Jan 2007
Express India
Mumbai, January 29: Maharashtra State Police runner Jaypal Boyar maintained a steady pace to stay ahead of a field of 2,000 runners and strode away with the top honour in the 10-kilometre...
Houston Chronicle
In her first nine months as an attorney, 26-year-old Katie Maechler has negotiated contracts, argued motions before a judge and managed client relationships. In contrast, many first-year associates are busy doing tedious chores, such as scanning mounds of documents - often in warehouses - as they...
The Times
THERE are two views about the trial of Mikhail Khodorkovsky, which begins next week in Moscow. Outside Russia, it is a Stalinist show trial, a blast of cold air from the past, but within the country, the prosecution of the Yukos chief for tax evasion is more often seen as the come-uppance of a rich...
20,000 left out at Boyar Char
05 Jan 2003
The Daily Star
About 20,000 people living at Boyar Char in the Meghna River would not be able to cast votes in the upcoming union parishad (UP) polls, as they...
Richard Boyar, 52
18 Oct 2002
The Boston Globe
Richard Boyar, a musician, former school psychologist, and a cantor at Temple Sinai in his hometown of Sharon, died Monday of heart disease. He was 52. ''The man had a heart of gold,'' said his wife, Ronni Cohen-Boyar. ''Rick was the person people turned to in times of crisis, He was a good...
Boyar
by Juan Carreño de Miranda, 1681-1682]]
Okolnichy
Russian nobility
Wallachian and Moldavian noblemen (late sixteenth century)
A boyar or bolyar (, , , , ) was a member of the highest rank of the feudal Moscovian, Kievan Rus'ian, Bulgarian, Wallachian, and Moldavian aristocracies, second only to the ruling princes (in Bulgaria, tsars), from the 10th century through the 17th century. The rank has lived on as a surname in Russia and Finland, where it is spelled "Pajari".
Etymology
According to most sources the word is of Proto-Bulgarian origin. Some believe that it is composed of the roots bai ("noble, rich") and är. Another possibility is that the word originated from the Bulgarian title boila ("noble") which is attested in Bulgar inscriptions and rendered as boilades or boliades in the Greek of Byzantine documents. This title certainly did enter Old Russian as быля (bylya).
Boyars in Bulgaria
The oldest Slavic form of boyar—bolyarin, pl. bolyari ()—dates from the 10th century and it is found in Bulgaria, where it may have stemmed from the old Bulgar title boila, which denoted a high aristocratic status among the Bulgars. It was probably transformed through boilar or bilyar to bolyar and bolyarin. In support of this hypothesis is the 10th century diplomatic protocol of the Byzantine Emperor Constantine VII where the Bulgarian nobles are called boliades, while the 9th century Bulgar sources call them boila.A member of the nobility during the First Bulgarian Empire was called a boila, while in the Second Bulgarian Empire the corresponding title became bolyar or bolyarin. Bolyar, as well as its predecessor, boila, was a hereditary title. The Bulgarian bolyars were divided into veliki (great) and malki (minor).
In Bulgaria at present the word bolyari is used as a nickname for the inhabitants of Veliko Tarnovo—once the capital of the Second Bulgarian Empire.
Boyars in the lands of Kievan Rus'
Boyars wielded considerable power through their military support of the Kievan princes. Power and prestige of many of them, however, soon came to depend almost completely on service to the state, family history of service and to a lesser extent, landownership. Ukrainian and "Ruthenian" boyars visually were very similar to western knights, but after the Mongol invasion their cultural links were mostly lost.The boyars occupied the highest state offices and through a council (Duma) advised the Grand Duke. They received extensive grants of land and, as members of the Boyars' Duma, were the major legislators of Kievan Rus'.
After the Mongol invasion in the 13th century, the boyars from central and southern parts of Kievan Rus' (modern Belarus and Ukraine) were incorporated into Lithuanian and Polish nobility (szlachta). In the 14th and 15th centuries many of those Ukrainian boyars who failed to get the status of a nobleman actively participated in the formation of Cossack army, based on the south of modern Ukraine.
Boyars in Muscovy
by Justus Sustermans, 1656.]]In Moscow in the 14th and 15th centuries, the boyars retained their influence. However, as the knyazes of Muscovy consolidated their power, the influence of the boyars was gradually eroded, particularly under Ivan III and Ivan IV.
Tsar Ivan IV "Ivan the Terrible" severely restricted the boyars' powers during the 16th century. Their ancient right to leave the service of one prince for another was curtailed, as was their right to hold land without giving obligatory service to the tsar.
The Boyar Duma expanded from around 30 people to around 100 in the 17th century and was finally abolished by Tsar Peter the Great in 1711 in his extensive reforms of government and administration.
Boyars in Wallachia and Moldavia
In the Carpathian regions inhabited by Romanians, the boyar () class emerged from the chiefs (named cneaz (knight) or jude (judge) in the areas north of the Danube and celnic south of the river) of rural communities in the early Middle Ages, initially elected, who later made their judicial and administrative attributions hereditary and gradually expanded them upon other communities. After the appearance of more advanced political structures in the area, their privileged status had to be confirmed by the central power, which used this prerogative to include in the boyar class individuals that distinguished themselves in the military or civilian functions they performed (by allocating them lands from the princely domains).
The boyar condition
Being a boyar implied three things: being a land-owner, having serfs and having a military and/or administrative function. A boyar could have a state function and/or a court function. Being only a land owner was not enough to be considered boyar. If a land-owner had no function he was categorised as a "mazil", although he was said to be of noble origin ("din os boieresc", literally "of boyar bones"). Having such a function implied automatically being a boyar. This function was called "dregătorie" and some times "boierie" (literally "boyarness"). The Prince and only the Prince had the power to give a boierie to someone and to make him thus a boyar. The small land-owners, who possessed together a domain in indistinction ("devălmăşie") and had no serfs were called "răzeşi". According to some historians, they were descendants of mazil land-owners. In fact, their condition was identical to that of free peasantry. The Romanian nobility was thus composed of three categories to be distinguished: răzeş, mazil, and boyar.
Origin
Although functions could only be accorded by the Prince and were not hereditary, land possession was hereditary. The Prince could give land to somebody, but could not take it from its possessor, unless for serious reasons, such as treason. Therefore there were two kinds of boyars: those whose ancestors had land before the formation of the feudal states, the ancient chiefs of the rural communities, and who were only confirmed as land-owners by the prince; and those whose ancestors had acquired their domain by a princely donation (or had acquired the domain this way themselves). During Phanariot régime, there were also boyars who had no land at all, but had only a function. This way the number of boyars could be increased, by selling functions to those who could afford them.
Hierarchy
s on a painting by Andrei Ryabushkin. The higher hats indicated the higher social status.]] The close alliance between the boyar condition and the military-administrative functions led to a confusion, aggravated by the Phanariots: these functions began to be considered as noble titles, like in the Occident. In fact, this was not at all the case. Traditionally, the boyars were organized in three states: boyars of the first state, of the second state and of the third state. For example, there was a first or a grand postelnic, a second postelnic, and a third postelnic, each one with his different obligations and rights. The difference of condition was visible even in the vestimentation or physical aspect. Only the boyars of the first state had the right, for example, to grow a beard, the rest being entitled only to a mustache. Within the class of the boyars of the first state there was the subclass of the "grand boyars". Those were great land-owners and had also some very high functions, like the function of great vornic. Above those grand boyars was only the Prince.
The Prince
Usually a Prince was a boyar before his election or appointment as Prince, but this was not a condition sine qua non. Initially, only princiary descendants could be elected princes. During the Phanariot epoch, however, any man could be a Prince if appointed by the Sultan (and rich enough to buy this appointment from the Grand Vizier). During the Ottoman suzerainty, and especially during the Phanariot régime, the title of Prince became an administrative function within the imperial ottoman hierarchy, and thus the ultimate form of boyardness.
Cultural references
Norwegian composer Johan Halvorsen wrote a march entitled Bojarenes inntogsmarsj (Entry March of the Boyars), known in Norway as the signal tune for the radio programme "Ønskekonserten". Edvard Grieg arranged it for solo piano.Boyars are characters in the game Warhammer Fantasy, They appear in the Kislev army which is based on medieval Poland/Russia.
Boyar sons are featured as a military unit for the Novgorod faction in the 2006 strategy game Medieval II: Total War.
Shadows of Darkness, the fourth game in the Quest For Glory series of adventure games, makes reference to the late Boyars who ruled the valley of Mordavia, but who have long since died in the time when the game takes place.
See also
References
External links
Category:Noble titles Category:Russian loanwords Category:History of Russia Category:Bulgarian loanwords
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