Taishan (Chinese: ; Taishanese: Hoisan ; Cantonese: Toi⁴saan¹ ; Mandarin: Taishan; Other: Toishan) is a coastal county-level city in Guangdong Province, China. The city is part of the Greater Taishan Region.
The city is located in the Pearl River Delta, southwest of Jiangmen (to which it administratively belongs) and 140 kilometers west of Hong Kong. It contains 95 islands and islets, including the largest island in Guangdong, Shangchuan Island. It is one of Five Counties in Guangdong (was called Sze Yup with excluding Heshan).
Taishan is famous for being the Birthplace of Chinese Volleyball, that was brought to Taishan by overseas Chinese, and the city won many provincial and national championships. The city is also famous for being one of the Birthplaces of Guangdong music, where the other being Guangzhou.
History
Taishan History
On February 12, 1499 in the 12th year of the reign of the emperor
Hongzhi during the
Ming Dynasty, Taishan was founded as
Xinning County (新宁县) from land in the southwest of
Xinhui County. Xinning has also been romanized as Sunning, Sinning, Hsinning, Hsînnîng, and Llin-nen.
From 1854 to 1867 a genocidal war broke out mainly in Taishan County between the Punti and Hakka people with disastrous results for both sides.
In 1914, Xinning was renamed Taishan to avoid confusion with the Xinnings of Hunan and Sichuan.
In 2010, parts of the movie Let the Bullets Fly were filmed in Taishan.
Overseas Taishanese history
Owing to natural disasters and the
colonization, Taishanese started to search for new lives overseas after the
First Opium War. The
migration of Taishanese to North America started with the
Gold Rush. Many Taishanese came to
California as contract labourers. Later, another peak happened during the construction of
the transcontinental railways in the United States and Canada. In 1870, there were 63,000 Chinese in the United States, almost all in California. Due to
discrimination and language barriers, the first
Chinatown formed to allow Taishanese (or Chinese) to live along and help each other.
Education
Education in the city of Taishan enjoys significant support from overseas Chinese professionals and businessmen. Many secondary schools were built and financed by Chinese living in the
SAR (Hong Kong and Macau) and various foreign countries, such as the US, Canada, and Brazil.
To honor their benefactors, these schools often bear their names or the names of their parents. An example is the Taishan City Peng Quan School (鹏权中学), which was constructed during 1999–2001, and is now integrated into the city's public school system. It is situated on the west side of the city, and was built by a Hong Kong businessman.
Below are some of the schools in Taishan:
University:
Deng Xiaoping-era Television University (磐石电视大学).
High schools & middle schools:
Taishan No. 1 High School (台山第一中学)
Taishan Overseas Chinese Middle School (台山市华侨中学)
Peiying Middle School (台山培英职业高级中学)
Taishan Teaching School (台山师范学校)
Taishan City Peng Quan School(台山市鹏权中学)
Taishan Shi Li Tan Geng kai Jinian Zhong Xue (台山市李谭更开纪念中学)
Administration
Taishan is under the jurisdiction of
Jiangmen. In a jurisdiction of 3,286
km², Taishan contains 16
townships (镇), which are subdivided into 313 village residential committees (村居委会) and 3,655 natural villages (自然村).
Language
The main language of Taishan is Taishanese. While most Taishanese today use
Mandarin in school or formal occasions,
Taishanese is the
de facto language. Taishanese is a dialect of
Yue Chinese, a large group which includes, but is broader than, Cantonese spoken in Hong Kong and Guangzhou. Thus Cantonese and Taishanese are related but distinct. Before the 1980s, Taishanese was the predominant Chinese language spoken throughout North America's
Chinatowns. Cantonese (
Guangdonghua) is also widely known in Taishan, as it serves as lingua franca of Guangdong Province.
Demographics
Today, there is over 2.3 million Taishanese worldwide; some 1.3 million people living
overseas can trace their ancestry to Taishan, outnumbering those who now live in Taishan, 1 million.
If considering the total Greater Taishan Region or Sze Yap Region, which includes Kaiping, Xinhui, Enping and Taishan, there is about 8 to 9 Million Taishanese people worldwide. According to American historian Him Mark Lai, approximately 430,000 or 70% of Chinese Americans in the 1980s were Taishanese according to 1988 data. Currently some 500,000 Chinese Americans claim Taishanese origins. It is estimated that over 75% of all overseas Chinese in North America until the mid- to late-20th century claimed origin in Taishan, the city is also known as the "Home of Overseas Chinese." As late as 1988, those with ancestry from Taishan accounted for 70% of Chinese Americans.
An office of the local Taishan Bureau of Overseas Chinese can help to arrange visits of overseas Chinese people.
List of notable people from or with ancestry traced back to Taishan
Historical figures
Alexander Yee - calculated World Record digits of Pi.
Evan Low - the youngest Asian American mayor in the United States.
Anna May Wong - the first Chinese American movie star.
Chen Yunchang - a very famous Shanghainese actress. She starred some popular movies including Mulan Joins the Army. She is the 3rd "Chinese Film Queen"; while the 1st is Hu Die who is also of Sze Yap origin.
Gary Locke - first Chinese American to serve as Commerce Secretary of the US and former Governor of Washington.
Adrienne Clarkson - first Chinese Canadian to serve as Governor General of Canada.
James Wong Howe - master cnematographer of Hollywood.
Raymond Kwok Chow (a.k.a. Shrimp Boy) -- San Francisco Chinatown mobster, Dragon Head of the San Francisco Chapter Chinese Freemasons
Actors/actresses & singers
Tony Leung - Hong Kong actor.
Shawn Yue - Hong Kong actor and singer.
Donnie Yen - Hong Kong Chinese martial artist and actor, film director, fight choreographer, and producer.
Wong Ka Keung - member of Hong Kong band Beyond.
Wong Ka Kui - lead singer of Hong Kong band Beyond.
Wong Koon Chung - member of Hong Kong band Beyond.
Yip Sai Wing - member of Hong Kong band Beyond.
Myolie Wu - Hong Kong actress and singer.
Danny Chan - Hong Kong singer.
James Hong - actor in United States famous for roles in Big Trouble in Little China, Balls of Fury and others.
Andrea Louie - scholar, actress, model, singer and fashion designer.
Flora Chan - Hong Kong actress and singer.
Politicians
John Tsang - Financial Secretary of Hong Kong.
Leland Yee - California State Senator. In 2004 Yee became the first Asian American to be appointed Speaker pro Tempore.
Margaret Chin - New York City-based American politician. A Democrat, she was elected to the New York City Council (First Chinese American elected to this position) on November 3, 2009, to represent District 1 in Lower Manhattan.
Bill Lann Lee - United States Assistant Attorney General for Civil Rights, Clinton Administration.
Julius Chan - former Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea of An Nan Jiang Chao village in Doushan.
Hiram Fong (a.k.a. Hiram Kwong) - former US Senator from Hawaii.
Matt Fong (a.k.a. Matt Kwong) - former Treasurer of the State of California.
Wong Kim Ark - defendant in United States v. Wong Kim Ark, 169 U.S. 649 (1898).
Patrick Yu - Hong Kong lawyer and Crown Counsel, and founder of its first law school.
Education
Li Enliang - Chinese civil engineer and educator.
Chin Siu Dek (aka Jimmy H. Woo) - martial artist of Sanba and a Grandmaster of Kung Fu San Soo.
Alan Chin - San Francisco Bay Area contemporary artist
William Poi Lee - San Francisco author who wrote The Eighth Promise.
Ken Hom - Chinese American chef, author and British television-show presenter. In 2009 he was awarded by Queen Elizabeth II with an honorary OBE for ‘services to culinary arts’.
Business
Eric Kwong - investor.
Norman Kwong - Lieutenant-Governor of Alberta & professional football player, president & manager of the Calgary Stampeders.
Justin Lee - cardiovascular specialist of Seattle, Washington.
Jack Yan - magazine publisher in New Zealand.
James Tak Wu - founder of Hong Kong's famous Maxim's Catering Limited, which is Hong Kong's largest food & beverage corporation and restaurant chain. His ancestral town is Sijiu (四九).
Annie Wu Suk-ching - founder of Beijing Air Catering Ltd and member of the Standing Committee of the National Committee of Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. She is the daughter of James Tak Wu.
Luis Chi - Taishan businessman in Miami and International Commerce Representative for Miami Mayor Tomas Regalado
References
External links
China Taishan Web
Taishan City Government
Chinese Genealogy
Taishan Genealogy
Map of Taishan
Taishan Merchant Web
Hoisanese to English Dictionary
Taishan Culture & Loisirs (Association of the Taishan expatriate community)