__NOTOC__ Year 1843 (MDCCCXLIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar and a common year starting on Friday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar.

Events of 1843

January–June

February 6 – The Virginia Minstrels perform the first minstrel show (Bowery Amphitheatre, New York City).

February 11 – Giuseppe Verdi's opera I Lombardi premieres in Milan.

February 14 – The event that inspired the Beatles song Being for the Benefit of Mr. Kite! is held in England.

February 25 – The Provisional Cession of the Hawaiian or Sandwich Islands established by Lord George Paulet.

March 15 – Victoria, British Columbia, is founded by the Hudson's Bay Company as a trading post and fort.

March 21 – The world does not end, contrary to the first prediction by American preacher William Miller.

: SS Great Britain launch.]]

April – Eta Carinae is temporarily the second-brightest star in the night sky.

May 4 – Natal is proclaimed a British colony.

May 18 – The Disruption in Edinburgh of the Free Church of Scotland from the Church of Scotland.

May 22 – The first major wagon train headed for the American Northwest sets out with one thousand pioneers from Elm Grove, Missouri on the Oregon Trail.

May 23 – Chile takes possession of the Strait of Magellan.

June 6 – In Barbados, Samuel Jackman Prescod is the first non-white person elected to the House of Assembly.

July–December

July 1

* Ulysses S. Grant graduates from West Point 21st from a class of 39.

* John J. Peck graduates from West Point 8th from a class of 39.

July 19 – The SS Great Britain is launched from Bristol.

August 15 – Tivoli Gardens, one of the oldest still intact amusement parks in the world, opens in Copenhagen, Denmark.

: Tivoli Gardens.]]

September 3 – Popular uprising in Athens, Greece, including citizens and military captains, to require from King Otto to issue a liberal Constitution to the state, which was governed since independence (1830) by various domestic and foreign centres of profits.

December 19 – Charles Dickens' novella A Christmas Carol is first published.

Undated

Saint Louis University School of Law becomes the first law school west of the Mississippi River

The world's first commercial Christmas cards are printed by Sir Henry Cole in London.

James Joule quantifies the conversion of work into heat.

Ada Lovelace translates and expands Menabrea's notes on Charles Babbage's analytical engine, including an algorithm for calculating a sequence of Bernoulli numbers, regarded as the world's first computer program.

The Danish government re-establishes the Althing in Iceland as an advisory body.

The first tunnel under the Thames River is finished.

Argentina supports Rosas of Uruguay and begins a siege of Montevideo.

Quaternions are discovered by William Rowan Hamilton.

The Economist is first published.

The Friend is first published.

Bishop's University is founded.

Abbeville, Louisiana is founded by descendants of Acadians from Nova Scotia.

Edgar Allan Poe's short story The Tell-Tale Heart is first published.

Germans from the Black Forest region of Southern Baden migrate to Venezuela.

The export of British textile machinery and other equipment is allowed.

Births

January–June

January 8 – John H. Moffitt, American politician (d. 1926)

January 10 – Frank James, American outlaw (d. 1915)

January 29 – William McKinley, 25th President of the United States (d. 1901)

February 19 – Adelina Patti, Spanish opera singer (d. 1919)

April 4 – William Jackson, photographer (d. 1942)

April 15 – Henry James, American writer (d. 1916)

April 25 – Princess Alice of the United Kingdom, third child of Queen Victoria (d. 1878)

May 21 – Charles Albert Gobat, Swiss politician, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1914)

June 3 – King Frederick VIII of Denmark (d. 1912)

June 9 – Bertha von Suttner, Austrian writer and pacifist, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1914)

June 15 – Edvard Grieg, Norwegian composer (d. 1907)

June 30 – Sir Ernest Satow, British diplomat and scholar (d. 1928)

July–December

July 7 – Camillo Golgi, Italian physician, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1926)

July 29 – Johannes Schmidt, German linguist (d. 1901)

August 1 – Robert Todd Lincoln, American statesman and businessman (d. 1926)

August 20 – Christina Nilsson, Swedish operatic soprano (d. 1921)

August 31 – Georg von Hertling, Chancellor of Germany (d. 1919)

September 4 – Ján Levoslav Bella, Slovak composer (d. 1936)

November 25 – Henry Ware Eliot, American industrialist, philanthropist and the father of T. S. Eliot (d. 1919)

November 27 – Cornelius Vanderbilt II, American railway magnate (d. 1899)

November 29 – Gertrude Jekyll, British garden designer, writer and artist (d. 1932)

December 11 – Heinrich Hermann Robert Koch, German physician, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1910)

December 28 – Colonel Prentiss Ingraham, American author of dime fiction (d. 1904)

date unknown – Owon, Korean painter (d. 1897)

probable – Pierre Lallement, French inventor of the bicycle (d. 1891)

Deaths

January–June

January 11 – Antoine Bournonville, French ballet dancer and choreographer (b. 1760)

March 21

* Robert Southey, English poet (b. 1774)

* Guadalupe Victoria, Mexican revolutionary (b. 1786)

March 25 – Robert Murray M'Cheyne, Scottish clergyman (b. 1813)

March 27 – Karl Salomo Zachariae Von Lingenthal, German jurist (b. 1769)

April 17 – Samuel Morey, American inventor (b. 1762)

May 28 – Noah Webster, lexicographer (b. 1758)

June 1 – William Abbot, English actor (b. 1798)

June 6 – Friedrich Hölderlin, German writer (b. 1770)

July–December

July or August – Sequoyah, creator of the Cherokee syllabary (b. c. 1767)

July 7 – John Holmes, American politician (b. 1773)

July 14 – Miguel de Álava, Spanish soldier and statesman (b. 1770)

September 11 – Joseph Nicollet, geographer (b. 1786)

September 16 – Ezekiel Hart, Canadian entrepreneur & politician (b. 1770 or 1767)

December 12 – King William I of the Netherlands (b. 1772)

December 18 – Thomas Graham, Lord Lynedoch, British Governor-General of India (b. 1748)

References

Edvard Hagerup Grieg (15 June 18434 September 1907) was a Norwegian composer and pianist who composed in the Romantic period. He is best known for his Piano Concerto in A minor, for his incidental music to Henrik Ibsen's play Peer Gynt (which includes Morning Mood and In the Hall of the Mountain King), and for his collection of piano miniatures Lyric Pieces.

Biography

Edvard Hagerup Grieg was born in Bergen, Norway on 15 June 1843. His parents were Alexander Grieg (1806–1875), a merchant and the American vice consul in Bergen, and Gesine Judithe Hagerup (1814–1875), a music teacher and daughter of Edvard Hagerup. He had very blaze-red hair. The family name, originally spelled Greig, was Scottish. After the Battle of Culloden in 1746, however, Grieg's great-grandfather traveled widely, settling in Norway about 1770, and establishing business interests in Bergen.

Edvard Grieg was raised in a musical home. His mother was his first piano teacher and taught him to play at the age of 6. Grieg studied in several schools, including Tank's School,. He often brought in samples of his music to class.

In the summer of 1858, Grieg met the eminent Norwegian violinist Ole Bull, who was a family friend; Bull's brother was married to Grieg's aunt. Bull recognised the 15-year-old boy's talent and persuaded his parents to send him to the Leipzig Conservatory, then directed by Ignaz Moscheles.

Grieg enrolled in the conservatory, concentrating on the piano, and enjoyed the many concerts and recitals given in Leipzig. He disliked the discipline of the conservatory course of study, but he achieved very good grades in most areas. An exception was the organ, which was mandatory for piano students. In the spring of 1860, he survived a life-threatening lung disease. The following year he made his debut as a concert pianist, in Karlshamn, Sweden. In 1862, he finished his studies in Leipzig and held his first concert in his home town, where his programme included Beethoven's Pathétique sonata. (Grieg's own recording of his Piano Sonata, made late in his life, confirms that he was an excellent pianist).

In 1863, Grieg went to Copenhagen, Denmark, and stayed there for three years. He met the Danish composers J. P. E. Hartmann and Niels Gade. He also met his fellow Norwegian composer Rikard Nordraak (composer of the Norwegian national anthem), who became a good friend and source of great inspiration. Nordraak died in 1866, and Grieg composed a funeral march in his honor.

On 11 June 1867, Grieg married his first cousin, Nina Hagerup. The next year, their only child, Alexandra, was born. She died in 1869 from meningitis. In the summer of 1868, Grieg wrote his Piano Concerto in A minor while on holiday in Denmark. Edmund Neupert gave the concerto its premiere performance on 3 April 1869 in the Casino Theater in Copenhagen. Grieg himself was unable to be there due to conducting commitments in Christiania (as Oslo was then named).

In 1868, Franz Liszt, who had not yet met Grieg, wrote a testimonial for him to the Norwegian Ministry of Education, which led to Grieg obtaining a travel grant. The two men met in Rome in 1870. On Grieg's first visit, they went over Grieg's Violin Sonata No. 1, which pleased Liszt greatly. On his second visit, in April, Grieg brought with him the manuscript of his Piano Concerto, which Liszt proceeded to sightread (including the orchestral arrangement). Liszt's rendition greatly impressed his audience, although Grieg gently pointed out to him that he played the first movement too quickly. Liszt also gave Grieg some advice on orchestration, (for example, to give the melody of the second theme in the first movement to a solo trumpet).

In 1874–76, Grieg composed incidental music for the premiere of Henrik Ibsen's play Peer Gynt, at the request of the author. Many of the pieces from this work became very popular in the orchestral suites or piano and piano-duet arrangements.

Grieg had close ties with the (Bergen Philharmonic Orchestra) (Harmonien), and later became Music Director of the orchestra from 1880–1882. In 1888, Grieg met Tchaikovsky in Leipzig. Grieg was later (though not at the time?) struck by the sadness in Tchaikovsky. Tchaikovsky thought very highly of Grieg's music, praising its beauty, originality and warmth.

Later years

Grieg's later life brought him fame. The Norwegian government awarded him a pension. In the spring 1903, Grieg made nine 78-rpm gramophone recordings of his piano music in Paris; all of these historic discs have been reissued on both LPs and CDs and, despite limited fidelity, show his artistry as a pianist. Grieg also made live-recording player piano music rolls for the Welte-Mignon reproducing system, all of which survive today and can be heard.

In 1906, he met the composer and pianist Percy Grainger in London. Grainger was a great admirer of Grieg's music and a strong empathy was quickly established. In a 1907 interview, Grieg stated: “I have written Norwegian Peasant Dances that no one in my country can play, and here comes this Australian who plays them as they ought to be played! He is a genius that we Scandinavians cannot do other than love.”

Edvard Grieg died in the autumn of 1907, aged 64, after a long period of illness. His final words were "Well, if it must be so." The funeral drew between 30,000 and 40,000 people out on the streets of his home town to honor him. Following his wish, his own Funeral March in Memory of Rikard Nordraak was played in an orchestration by his friend Johan Halvorsen, who had married Grieg's niece. In addition, the Funeral March movement from Chopin's Piano Sonata No. 2 was played. His and his wife's ashes are entombed in a mountain crypt near his house, Troldhaugen.

Music

Grieg is renowned as a nationalist composer, drawing inspiration from Norwegian folk music. Early works include a symphony (which he later suppressed) and a piano sonata. He also wrote three sonatas for violin and piano and a cello sonata. His many short pieces for piano — often based on Norwegian folk tunes and dances — led some to call him the "Chopin of the North".

The Piano Concerto is his most popular work. Its champions have included the pianist and composer Percy Grainger, a personal friend of Grieg who played the concerto frequently during his long career. An arrangement of part of the work made an iconic television comedy appearance in the 1971 Morecambe and Wise Show, conducted by André Previn.

Some of the Lyric Pieces (for piano) are also well-known, as is the incidental music to Henrik Ibsen's play Peer Gynt, a play that Grieg found to be an arduous work to score properly. In a 1874 letter to his friend Frants Beyer, Grieg expressed his unhappiness with what is now considered one of his most popular compositions from Peer Gynt, In the Hall of the Mountain King: "I have also written something for the scene in the hall of the mountain King - something that I literally can't bear listening to because it absolutely reeks of cow-pies, exaggerated Norwegian nationalism, and trollish self-satisfaction! But I have a hunch that the irony will be discernible."

Grieg's popular Holberg Suite was originally written for the piano, and later arranged by the composer for string orchestra. Grieg wrote songs, in which he set lyrics by poets Heinrich Heine, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Henrik Ibsen, Hans Christian Andersen, Rudyard Kipling and others. Russian composer Nikolai Myaskovsky used a theme by Grieg for the variations with which he closed his Third String Quartet.

List of selected works

*Piano Sonata in E minor, Op. 7

Violin Sonata No. 1 in F major, Op. 8

Concert Overture In Autumn, Op. 11

Violin Sonata No. 2 in G major, Op. 13

Piano Concerto in A minor, Op. 16

Incidental music to Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson's play Sigurd Jorsalfar, Op. 22

Incidental music to Henrik Ibsen's play Peer Gynt, Op. 23

Ballade in the Form of Variations on a Norwegian Folk Song in G minor, Op. 24

String Quartet in G minor, Op. 27

Album for Male Chorus, Op. 30

Two Elegiac Melodies for Strings, Op. 34

Four Norwegian Dances for piano four hands, Op. 35 (later orchestrated)

Cello Sonata in A minor, Op. 36

Holberg Suite for piano, later arr. for string orchestra, Op. 40

Violin Sonata No. 3 in C minor, Op. 45

Peer Gynt Suite No. 1, Op. 46

Lyric Suite for Orchestra, Op. 54 (orchestration of four Lyric Pieces)

Peer Gynt Suite No. 2, Op. 55

Suite from Sigurd Jorsalfar, Op. 56

Four Symphonic Dances for piano, later arr. for orchestra, Op. 64

Haugtussa Song Cycle after Arne Garborg, Op. 67

Slåtter (Peasant Dances) for piano, Op. 72

Sixty-six Lyric Pieces for piano in ten books, Opp. 12, 38, 43, 47, 54, 57, 62, 65, 68 and 71, including: Arietta, To the Spring, Little Bird, Butterfly, Notturno, Wedding Day at Troldhaugen, At Your Feet, Longing For Home, March of the Dwarfs, Poème érotique and Gone.

See also

Grieg's music in popular culture

References

Further reading

English

Grieg The Writer ed. by Bjarne Kortsen. Vol I: Essays and Articles, vol II: Letters to Frants Beyer (editio norvegica, Bergen/Norway 1972)

Edvard Grieg in England by Lionel Carley (The Boydell Press 2006) ISBN 1843832070

Grieg: Music, Landscape and Norwegian Cultural Identity by Daniel Grimley (The Boydell Press 2006) ISBN 1843832100

Songs of Edvard Grieg by Beryl Foster (The Boydell Press new edition 2007) ISBN 1843833433

Edvard Grieg by Henry Theophilius Finck (Bastian Books new edition 2008) ISBN 9780554963266

Norwegian

Benestad, Finn/Schjelderup-Ebbe, Dag (2007): Edvard Grieg – mennesket og kunstneren. H. Aschehoug & Co. (W. Nygaard), Oslo. ISBN 9788203234590

Bredal, Dag/Strøm-Olsen, Terje (1992): Edvard Grieg – Musikken er en kampplass. Aventura Forlag A/S, Oslo. ISBN 82-588-0890-7

Johansen, David Monrad (1956): Edvard Grieg. Gyldendal Norsk Forlag, Oslo.

External links

Grieg 2007. Official Site for 100th year commemoration of Edvard Grieg

The Grieg archives at Bergen Public Library

Troldhaugen Museum, Grieg's home

Biography of Grieg by prof. Harald Herresthal

Sigvald Asbjornsen Prospect Park (Brooklyn)">Edvard Grieg statue by Sigvald Asbjornsen Prospect Park (Brooklyn)

Films about Grieg's life: What Price Immortality? (1999), Song of Norway (1970)

Edvard Grieg picture collection at flickr commons

Recordings by Edvard Grieg

Papillon - Lyric Piece, Op. 43, no. 1 as recorded by Grieg on piano roll, 17 April 1906, Leipzig (Info)

Legendary Piano Recordings: The Complete Grieg, Saint-Saëns, Pugno, and Diémer (Marston Records)

Edvard Grieg: The Piano Music In Historic Interpretations (SIMAX Classics - PSC1809)

Grieg and his Circle (Pearl, GEMM 9933 CD)

Grieg spiller Grieg (Edvard Grieg Museum Troldhaugen)

Piano Rolls (The Reproducing Piano Roll Foundation)

Music scores

Free scores at the Mutopia Project

Category:Norwegian composers Category:Romantic composers Category:Norwegian classical pianists Category:Knights Grand Cross of the Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav Category:1843 births Category:1907 deaths Category:Honorary Members of the Royal Philharmonic Society Category:Norwegian people of Scottish descent Category:People from Bergen Category:Felix Mendelssohn College of Music and Theatre alumni

Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka () (), was the first Russian composer to gain wide recognition within his own country, and is often regarded as the father of Russian classical music. Glinka's compositions were an important influence on future Russian composers, notably the members of The Five, who took Glinka's lead and produced a distinctive Russian style of music.

Biography

Early life

Mikhail Glinka was born in the village of Novospasskoye, not far from the Desna River in the Smolensk Guberniya of the Russian Empire. His father was a wealthy retired army captain, as the family had a strong tradition of loyalty and service to the Tsar, while several members of his extended family had also developed a lively interest in culture. As a small child, Mikhail was reared by his over-protective and pampering grandmother who fed him sweets, wrapped him in furs, and confined him to her room, which was always to be kept at 25°C (77°F); as such, he developed a sickly disposition, later in his life retaining the services of numerous physicians, and often falling victim to a number of quacks. The only music he heard in his youthful confinement was the sounds of the village church bells and the folk songs of passing peasant choirs. The church bells were tuned to a dissonant chord and so his ears became used to strident harmony. While his nurse would sometimes sing folksongs, the peasant choirs who sang using the podgolosnaya technique (an improvised style — literally under the voice - which uses improvised dissonant harmonies below the melody) influenced the way he later felt free to emancipate himself from the smooth progressions of Western harmony. After his grandmother’s death, Glinka was moved to his maternal uncle’s estate some 10 km away, and was able to hear his uncle’s orchestra, whose repertoire included pieces by Haydn, Mozart and Beethoven. He was about ten when he heard them play a clarinet quintet by the Finnish composer Bernhard Henrik Crusell. It had a profound effect upon him. "Music is my soul," he was to write many years later, recalling this experience. While his governess taught him Russian, German, French, and geography, he also received instruction on the piano and the violin.

At the age of 13 Glinka was sent to the capital, Saint Petersburg, to study at a school for children of the nobility. Here he was taught Latin, English, and Persian, studied mathematics and zoology, and was able to considerably widen his musical experience. He had three piano lessons from John Field, the Irish composer of nocturnes, who spent some time in Saint Petersburg. He then continued his piano lessons with Charles Meyer, and began composing.

When he left school his father wanted him to join the Foreign Office, and he was appointed assistant secretary of the Department of Public Highways. The work was light, which allowed Mikhail to settle into the life of a musical dilettante, frequenting the drawing rooms and social gatherings of the city. He was already composing a large amount of music, such as melancholy romances which amused the rich amateurs. His songs are among the most interesting part of his output from this period.

In 1830, at the recommendation of a physician, Glinka decided to travel to Italy with the tenor Nikolay Ivanov. The route was leisurely, ambling uneventfully through Germany and Switzerland, before they settled in Milan. There, Glinka took lessons at the conservatory with Francesco Basili, although he struggled with counterpoint, which he found irksome. Although he spent his three years in Italy listening to singers of the day, romancing women with his music, and meeting many famous people including Mendelssohn and Berlioz, he became disenchanted with Italy. He realized that his mission in life was to return to Russia, write in a Russian manner, and do for Russian music what Donizetti and Bellini had done for Italian music. His return route took him through the Alps, and he stopped for a while in Vienna, where he heard the music of Franz Liszt. He stayed for another five months in Berlin, during which time he studied composition under the distinguished teacher Siegfried Dehn. A Capriccio on Russian themes for piano duet and an unfinished Symphony on two Russian themes were important products of this period.

When word reached Mikhail Glinka of his father's death in 1834, he left Berlin and returned to Novospasskoye.

Middle years

While in Berlin, Glinka had become enamored with a beautiful and talented singer, (for whom he composed Six Studies for Contralto). He contrived a plan to return to her, but when his sister's German maid turned up without the necessary paperwork to cross to the border with him, he abandoned his plan as well as his love and turned north for Saint Petersburg. There he reunited with his mother, and made the acquaintance of Maria Petrovna Ivanova. After courting her for a brief period, the two married. The marriage was short-lived, as Maria proved to be utterly without tact and uninterested in his music. Although his initial fondness for her was said to have inspired the trio in the first act of opera A Life for the Tsar (1836), his naturally sweet disposition coarsened under the constant nagging of his wife and her mother. After separating, she would remarry, while Glinka moved in with his mother, and later his sister (Lyudmila Shestakova).

A Life for the Tsar was the first of Glinka's two great operas. It was originally entitled Ivan Susanin. Set in 1612, it tells the story of the Russian peasant and patriotic hero Ivan Susanin who sacrifices his life for the Tsar by leading astray a group of marauding Poles who were hunting him. The Tsar himself followed the work’s progress with interest and suggested the change in the title. It was a great success at its premiere on December 9, 1836, under the direction of Catterino Cavos, who had written an opera on the same subject in Italy. Although the music is still more Italianate than Russian, Glinka shows superb handling of the recitative which binds the whole work, and the orchestration is masterly, foreshadowing the orchestral writing of later Russian composers. The Tsar rewarded Glinka for his work with a ring valued at 4000 rubles. (During the Soviet era, the opera was staged under its original title Ivan Susanin). 's portrait of Glinka was painted thirty years after the composer's death]]

In 1837, Glinka was installed as the instructor of the Imperial Chapel Choir, with a yearly salary of 25,000 roubles, and lodging at the court. In 1838, at the suggestion of the Tsar, he went off to Ukraine to gather new voices for the choir; the 19 new boys he found earned him another 1,500 roubles from the Tsar.

He soon embarked on his second opera: Ruslan and Lyudmila. The plot, based on the tale by Pushkin, was concocted in 15 minutes by Konstantin Bakhturin, a poet who was drunk at the time. Consequently the opera is a dramatic muddle, yet the quality of Glinka’s music is higher than in A Life for the Tsar. He uses a descending whole-tone-scale in the famous overture. This is associated with the villainous dwarf Chernomor who has abducted Lyudmila, daughter of the Prince of Kiev. There is much Italianate coloratura, and Act 3 contains several routine ballet numbers, but his great achievement in this opera lies in his use of folk melody which becomes thoroughly infused into the musical argument. Much of the borrowed folk material is oriental in origin. When it was first produced on 9 December 1842 it met with a cool reception, although subsequently it gained popularity.

Later years

in Saint Petersburg]]

Glinka went through a dejected year after the poor reception of Ruslan and Lyudmila. His spirits rose when he travelled to Paris and Spain. In Spain, Glinka met Don Pedro Fernandez, who remained his secretary and companion for the last nine years of his life. In Paris, Berlioz conducted some excerpts from Glinka’s operas and wrote an appreciative article about him. Glinka in turn admired Berlioz’s music and resolved to compose some fantasies pittoresques for orchestra. Another visit to Paris followed in 1852 where he spent two years, living quietly and making frequent visits to the botanical and zoological gardens. From there he moved to Berlin where, after five months, he died suddenly on 15 February 1857, following a cold. He was buried in Berlin but a few months later his body was taken to Saint Petersburg and reinterred in the cemetery of the Alexander Nevsky Monastery. Glinka is known world wide for many great works.

Legacy

in Saint Petersburg]]

After Glinka's death the relative merits of his two operas became a source of heated debate in the musical press, especially between Vladimir Stasov and his former friend Alexander Serov.

In 1884 Mitrofan Petrovich Belyayev founded the "Glinka prize", which was awarded annually. In the first years the winners included Borodin, Mily Balakirev, Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky, Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov, Cesar Cui and Lyadov.

Outside Russia several of Glinka's orchestral works have been fairly popular in concerts and recordings. Besides the well-known overtures to the operas (especially the brilliantly energetic overture to Ruslan), his major orchestral works include the symphonic poem Kamarinskaya (1848), based on Russian folk tunes, and two Spanish works, A Night in Madrid (1848, 1851) and Jota Aragonesa (1845).

Glinka also composed many art songs, many piano pieces, and some chamber music.

A much lesser work that received some attention in the last decade was Glinka's "The Patriotic Song", supposedly written for a contest for a national anthem in 1833; the music was adopted as the national anthem of Russia during 1990–2000.

Three Russian conservatories are named after Glinka: Nizhny Novgorod State Conservatory () Novosibirsk State Conservatory () Magnitogorsk State Conservatory ()

Soviet astronomer Lyudmila Chernykh named a minor planet 2205 Glinka in his honor. It was discovered in 1973.

Works

: See List of compositions by Mikhail Glinka. :

Media

References

* http://www.biografija.ru/show_bio.aspx?id=25537 (Glinka Mikhail Ivanovich, biographic encyclopedia, in Russian)

Brown, David (1974). Mikhail Glinka, a biographical and critical study, Oxford University Press.

Glinka, Mikhail by Richard Taruskin, in 'The New Grove Dictionary of Opera', ed. Stanley Sadie (London, 1992) ISBN 0-333-73432-7

ed. John Knowles Paine, Theodore Thomas, and Karl Klauser (1891). Famous Composers and Their Works, J.B. Millet Company.

External links

List of works

Cylinder recording of a Glinka composition, from the Cylinder Preservation and Digitization Project at the University of California, Santa Barbara Library.

Glinka — the author of Russian national anthem by K.Kovalev

Leicestershire Schools Symphony Orchestra performs Russlan and Ludmilla overture A short video from 1998

Chamber Music Sound-bites & Short biography

Turgenev and Glinka (with music samples)

Category:1804 births Category:1857 deaths Category:People from Yelnya District Category:19th-century Russian people Category:Opera composers Category:Romantic composers Category:Russian composers Category:Russian people of Polish descent