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- Published: 04 Jul 2010
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- Author: PappyStu
Name | Igor Tamm |
---|---|
Caption | Igor Tamm |
Birth date | July 08, 1895 |
Birth place | Vladivostok, Russian Empire |
Death date | April 12, 1971 |
Death place | Moscow, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union |
Nationality | Soviet Union |
Field | Physics |
Doctoral students | Leonid Brekhovskikh |
Known for | Cherenkov–Vavilov effectTamm–Dancoff approximation |
Prizes | Stalin Prize, 1954 |
On 1 May, 1923, Tamm began to teach physics at the Second Moscow State University. The same year, he finished his first scientific paper, Electrodynamics of the Anisotropic Medium in the Special Theory of Relativity. In 1928, he spent a few months with Paul Ehrenfest at the University of Leiden.
In 1932, Tamm published a paper with his proposal of the concept of surface states. This concept is important for MOSFET physics.
In 1945 he developed an approximation method for many-body physics. As Sidney Dancoff developed it independently in 1950, it is now called the Tamm-Dancoff approximation.
He was the Nobel Laureate in Physics for the year 1958 together with Pavel Cherenkov and Ilya Frank for the discovery and the interpretation of the Cherenkov-Vavilov effect.
In 1951, together with Andrei Sakharov, Tamm proposed a tokamak system of the realization of CTF on the basis of toroidal magnetic thermonuclear reactor and soon after the first such devices were built by the INF, resulting the T-3 Soviet magnetic confinement device from 1968, when the plasma parameters unique for that time were obtained, of showing the temperatures in their machine to be over an order of magnitude higher than what was expected by the rest of the community. The western scientists visited the experiment and verified the high temperatures and confinement, sparking a wave of optimism for the prospects of the tokamak as well as construction of new experiments, which is still the dominant magnetic confinement device today.
Tamm was a student of Leonid Isaakovich Mandelshtam in science and life.
Tamm died in Moscow, Soviet Union, now Russia. The Lunar crater Tamm is named after him.
Category:1895 births Category:1971 deaths Category:Experimental physicists Category:Heroes of Socialist Labour Category:Moscow State University alumni Category:Moscow State University faculty Category:Moscow State Pedagogical University faculty Category:Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology faculty Category:Nobel laureates in Physics Category:Russian Nobel laureates Category:Particle physicists Category:People from Vladivostok Category:Russian inventors Category:Russian physicists Category:Soviet physicists Category:Stalin Prize winners Category:Tokamaks
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