Krajina (pronounced [krâjina]) is a Slavic toponym.

Etymology[link]

In old-Croatian, this earliest geographical term appeared at least from 10th century within the Glagolitic inscriptions in Chakavian dialect, e.g. in Baška tablet about 1105, and also in some subsequent Glagolitic texts as krayna (pronouncing 'kraüna') in the original medieval meaning of inlands or mainlands. In this similar meaning it is inherited now by the native Chakavian elders of northern Dalmatian islands and Kvarner archipelago, where also the related krayane means 'inlanders'.

Then since the Turkish incursions followed by the prevailing of Shtokavian dialect, old krajina gradually shifted to its recent meaning of a county or surroundings of a certain town. In the modern Croatian of mainlands, it mostly refers to the area around certain small cities. The term is almost applied to Zagora and areas neighbouring Zagora to the west.

In some South Slavic languages especially in Serbian, the word krajina refers primarily to border or borderland of a country, with established military defense, and secondarily to a region, area, or landscape;^[1] but in medieval Croatian of Glagolitic texts the last is its primary earlier meaning and military role appeared since Turks. The word kraj can mean end or extremity, or region or area. Archaically extrapolated, it could mean "army" or "war"^[1] in Serbian, but a "mainland" or "continent" in early Glagolitic Croatian. The Serbian term is equal to German Mark and French marche,^[2] but the old-Croatian Glagolitic is subequal to the Romance Terrafirma as opposed to coast or islands.

In other Slavic languages (including Chakavian and Kajkavian dialects), the term have other meanings, either territorial name (cf. Krajna in Poland) or word with meaning "a land, landscape" (e.g. in Slovak, Czech or Sorbian).

Geographical regions[link]

• Bosnia and Herzegovina
  • Bosanska Krajina, around Banja Luka and encompassing a larger area, also on older maps called Turkish Croatia; westwards from Vrbas river, on the NW from Završje (on older maps, Završje is a part of Croazia Turca, Türkisch Kroatien, Török Horvátország ^[3])
  • Cazinska Krajina, borderland of Bosnia towards Croatia around the city of Cazin.

• Croatia
  • Krayna vu Otoce: medieval Glagolitic name of Gacka valley in Lika highlands
  • Cetinska krajina, area along the valley of river Cetina in the southern Croatia, in Zagora, to the east from Herzegovina (Bosnia and Herzegovina), mostly containing Sinjsko polje
  • Drniška krajina, area around the city of Drniš in southern Croatia, in Zagora, to west from Cetinska krajina
  • Imotska krajina, area around the city of Imotski, in southern Croatia, in Zagora mostly containing Imotsko polje, to east from Cetinska and Omiška krajina, to west from Vrgoračka krajina; also the name of the soccer club from Imotski
  • Istarska krajina, historical region in western Croatia, central area of peninsula of Istria ^[4]
  • Kninska Krajina, region around Knin in southern Croatia, to north from Drniška krajina and northeast from Cetinska krajina
  • Neretvanska krajina, historical area westwards from river of Neretva, southwest from župa Imota ^[4][5]
  • Omiška krajina, region in hinterland of city of Omiš, in Croatian south, in Zagora; to east from Cetinska krajina, to west from Cetinska krajina
  • municipality of Krajina, a municipality in southern Croatia, located between Split and Imotski, existed from 1912-1945 ^[6]
  • Sinjska krajina, area in Zagora, in southern Croatia, around the city of Sinj, west from Livanjski kraj, southeast from Vrlička krajina (sometimes considered as part of Cetinska krajina)
  • Vrgoračka krajina, area in Zagora, in southern Croatia, around the city of Vrgorac, southwest from Herzegovina and west from Neretva valley, to east from Imotska krajina
  • Vrlička krajina, area in Zagora, in southern Croatia, around the city of Vrlika, west from Livanjski kraj, northwest from Cetinska krajina (sometimes considered as part of Cetinska krajina)
  • Krajina is also a Croat surname
  • a part of peri-littoral area near Makarska in Croatia is called Krajina (see reference)

• Montenegro
  • Krajina, region in Montenegro that is towards the north from Bar and Ulcinj, across the mountain. It borders Skadar Lake on its northern edge.

• Poland
  • Krajna, on the border of provinces Greater Poland and Pomerania

• Serbia
  • Timočka Krajina, borderland of Serbia towards Bulgaria around Timok River
    • Negotinska Krajina, a part of Timočka Krajina around the city of Negotin
  • Koča's krajina, an area liberated during eighth Austrian-Turkish war

• Slovenia
  • Bela krajina, borderland of Slovenia towards Croatia

Political regions[link]

Subdivisions of Austria-Hungary:

• Military Krajina (Military Frontier, Militärgrenze), borderland of Austria against the Ottoman Empire. It was further divided into:
  • Banat Krajina (on the Serbian-Romanian border)
  • Croatian Krajina (on the border of western Croatia and Bosnia)
  • Slavonian Krajina (on the border of Serbia and eastern Croatia towards Bosnia)

Political units formed during the war in Croatia in the 1990s:

• Republic of Serbian Krajina
• SAO Krajina
• SAO Kninska Krajina, Kninska Krajina since the Yugoslav wars is used by some to signify two regions Knin and its surroundings, and to a larger extend Krajina proper (referring to main portion of Republic of Serb Krajina).
• SAO Eastern Slavonia, Baranja and Western Srem, sometimes called Podunavska Krajina

Political unit formed during the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina in the 1990s:

• SAO Bosanska Krajina

Where the term "Serbian Krajina" or "Krajina" alone is used, it probably refers to either the Military Krajina or the former Republic of Serbian Krajina.

In Russia:

• "krai" or "kray" is the word for the territories of Russia, a second-level subdivision

In Slovakia:

• "kraj" is used for the regions of Slovakia, a first-level subdivision

In Czech Republic:

• "kraj" is used for the regions of the Czech Republic, a first-level subdivision

In Ukraine:

• Krajina or країна - means country, land in Ukrainian. Ukrajina is Ukrainian ethnonym for Ukraine. See also: Name of Ukraine.

People[link]

• Krajina Belojević, a 9th-century Serbian Duke in the Principality of Serbia

See also[link]

• Kraj
• Semasiological map for *krajь

References[link]

• Karlo Jurišić, Lepantska pobjeda i makarska Krajina, Adriatica maritima, sv. I, (Lepantska bitka, Udio hrvatskih pomoraca u Lepantskoj bitki 1571. godine), Institut JAZU u Zadru, Zadar, 1974., str. 217., 222., (reference from Morsko prase)

Milan Martić (Serbian Cyrillic: Милан Мартић; born 18 November 1954) is a Serbian politician, former president of the Republic of Serbian Krajina. He was a senior rebel commander of Serbian forces in Croatia during the Croatian War of Independence.

Martić was convicted of war crimes by the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) on 12 June 2007 and sentenced to 35 years in prison.

Biography[link]

Martić was born near Knin and was the local police chief in Knin at the time of Croatia's declaration of independence. In 1990, he took on the position of local Serb leader, organizing Martić's Police militia. From 4 January 1991 to August 1995, Martić held various leadership positions, including President, Minister of Defence, Minister of Internal Affairs, in the unrecognised offices of the Serbian Autonomous District (SAO) Krajina, and the Republic of Serbian Krajina (RSK).

Martic was supported by Slobodan Milosevic during the 1993 presidential election in Serbian Krajina. Martic ran for the Serbian Party of Socialists which received significant financial support from Milosevic's Socialist Party of Serbia.^[1] In a second round of voting in 1994 he was elected President and remained in power until the fall of Serbian Krajina during the Croatia's Operation Storm in 1995.

Initially indicted by the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY) on 25 July 1995, Martić surrendered on May 15, 2002, and was transferred to the tribunal in The Hague the same day. He was charged with murder, persecutions, inhumane treatment, forced displacement, plunder of public or private property, wanton destruction of cities, towns or villages. He pleaded not guilty to all counts.^[2]

According to the ICTY, in the amended indictment, he "helped organize an ethnic cleansing campaign of Croats and other non-Serbs from Krajina where 78,000 lived and virtually the entire non-Serb population was forcibly removed, deported or killed". He was originally charged only with ordering a rocket attack on the Croatian capital of Zagreb which killed seven civilians as retaliation to Operation Flash. Martić later appeared on Serbian television and radio, admitting he ordered the shelling.

Milan Babić who, along with Martić, was one of the most important leaders of rebelled Croatian Serbs, said during Martić's trial that the entire war in Croatia was Martić's responsibility, orchestrated by Belgrade.^[3]

His trial started on December 13, 2005 and ended on January 12, 2007.^[4] On June 12, Martić was sentenced to 35 years in prison.^[2][5] His sentence of 35 years in prison was confirmed by ICTY appellate council on October 8, 2008. The judgment was also especially damaging to the legacy of the Republic of Serbian Krajina and the then Serbian regime as Martić was found to have been part of a "joint criminal enterprise" which included Blagoje Adžić, Milan Babić, Radmilo Bogdanović, Veljko Kadijević, Radovan Karadžić, Slobodan Milošević, Ratko Mladić, Vojislav Šešelj, Franko Simatović, Jovica Stanišić, and Dragan Vasiljković.^[5]

In June 2009 he was transferred to serve the sentence in Tartu prison in Estonia.^[6]

See also[link]

• Prosecutor v. Milan Martić
• Croatian War of Independence
• Serbian war crimes in the Yugoslav Wars

References[link]

External links[link]

• ICTY proceedings on Milan Martić (IT-95-11) "RSK"

Mile Krajina (born c. 1923) is a noted gusle player in Croatia, who sings traditional folk songs.^[1]

Many of his songs are about his birthplace Oklaj in the Cetina region. He mentions reading the works of famous Croatian poet Andrija Kačić Miošić in primary school as an early influence for his poems and songs.^[2] As of August 2009, he continues to perform for folklore festivals around the country.^[3]

He is known for referring to current topics in his songs and for his performances within the scope of political rallies or commemorations, such as those for the Bleiburg tragedy.^{[citation needed]}

Works[link]

• Guslarske Pjesme i pjesnički zapisi. "Zrinski"; Zagreb, 1986
• Vukovare, hrvatski viteže‎. "Zrinski"; Zagreb, 1994. ISBN 953-155-009-3
• Hrvatske pobjede. Zrinski; Zagreb, 1998. ISBN 953-155-041-7
• Hrvatski vitezovi, prijatelji i događaji. Zagreb, 2001.

See also[link]

• Music of Croatia

References[link]

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