Coordinates | 40°37′29″N73°57′8″N |
---|---|
Name | Kliment Voroshilov Климе́нт Вороши́лов |
Width | 200px |
Nationality | Soviet |
Ethnicity | Russian |
Office | Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union |
1blankname | General Secretary |
1namedata | Nikita Khrushchev |
Term start | 15 March 1953 |
Term end | 7 May 1960 |
Predecessor | Nikolay Shvernik |
Successor | Leonid Brezhnev |
Office2 | People's Commissar for Defense of the Soviet Union |
Term start2 | 6 November 1925 |
Term end2 | 7 May 1940 |
1blankname2 | Premier |
1namedata2 | Alexey RykovVyacheslav Molotov |
Predecessor2 | Mikhail Frunze |
Successor2 | Semyon Timoshenko |
Birth date | February 04, 1881 |
Birth place | Lysychansk, Russian Empire |
Death date | December 02, 1969 |
Death place | Moscow, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union |
Spouse | Ekaterina Davidovna |
Party | Communist Party of the Soviet Union |
Allegiance | |
Branch | Russian Imperial ArmySoviet Army |
Serviceyears | 1903–1953 |
Rank | Marshal |
Battles | World War IRussian Civil WarPolish-Soviet WarWinter WarGerman-Soviet War |
Awards |
Kliment Yefremovich Voroshilov (, , Klyment Yefremovych Voroshylov), popularly known as Klim Voroshilov () (4 February 1881 – 2 December 1969) was a Soviet military officer, politician, and statesman. He served as Defense Minister and Marshal of the Soviet Union from 1935 and 1936, respectively, until his death in 1969.
Voroshilov was appointed People's Commissar for Defence in 1934 and a Marshal of the Soviet Union in 1935. Voroshilov played a central role in Stalin's Great Purge of the 1930s, denouncing many of his own military colleagues and subordinates when asked to do so by Stalin. He went so far as to write personal letters to exiled former Soviet officers and diplomats such as Mikhail Ostrovsky to return voluntarily to the Soviet Union, reassuring them that they would not face retribution from authorities (they did).
During World War II, Voroshilov was a member of the State Defense Committee. Voroshilov commanded Soviet troops during the Winter War from November 1939 to January 1940, but, due to his poor planning and overall incompetence, the Red Army suffered about 185,000 casualties. When the leadership gathered at Stalin's dacha at Kuntsevo Stalin shouted at Voroshilov who replied in kind, blaming the failure on Stalin for killing the Red Army's best generals in his purges. Voroshilov followed this by smashing a platter of roast suckling pig on the table. Nikita Khrushchev said it was the only time he ever witnessed such an outburst. Voroshilov still became the scapegoat for the initial failures in Finland. He was later replaced as Defence Commissar by Semyon Timoshenko. Voroshilov was then made Deputy Premier responsible for cultural matters.
Voroshilov initially argued that thousands of Polish army officers captured in September 1939 should be released but later signed the order for their execution. Vasili Blokhin of the NKVD personally shot 7000 of them in 28 nights using German Walther pistols.
, Joseph Stalin (left to right) 1931 photo]]
After the German invasion of the Soviet Union in June 1941, Voroshilov was made commander of the short-lived Northwestern Direction, controlling several fronts. In September 1941 he commanded Leningrad Front. Working alongside military commander Andrei Zhdanov as German advances threatened to cut off Leningrad he displayed considerable personal bravery, prancing around in defiance of heavy shelling at Ivanovskoye; at one point he rallied retreating troops and personally led a counter-attack against German tanks armed only with a pistol. Failing to prevent the Germans from surrounding Leningrad however, he was dismissed from that post and replaced by the far abler Georgy Zhukov on 8 September 1941.
In an embarrassing incident at the 1943 Tehran Conference, during a ceremony to receive the "Sword of Stalingrad" from Winston Churchill, he took the sword from Stalin but then allowed the sword to fall from its scabbard onto his toes in the presence of the Big Three wartime leaders.
In 1945–1947, he supervised the establishment of the communist regime in Hungary. and Finnish president Urho Kekkonen in 1960]] In 1952, Voroshilov was appointed a member of the Presidium of the Central Committee. Stalin's death on 5 March 1953 prompted major changes in the Soviet leadership and in March 1953, Voroshilov was approved as Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet (i.e., the head of state) with Nikita Khrushchev as First Secretary of the Communist Party and Georgy Malenkov as Premier of the Soviet Union. Voroshilov, Malenkov and Khrushchev brought about 26 June 1953 arrest of Lavrenty Beria after Stalin's death.
Following Khrushchev's fall from power, Soviet leader Brezhnev brought Voroshilov out of retirement into a figurehead political post. Voroshilov was again re-elected to the Central Committee in 1966. Voroshilov was awarded a second medal of Hero of the Soviet Union 1968. He died in 1969 in Moscow and was buried in the Kremlin Wall Necropolis. The KV series of tanks, used in World War II, was named after Voroshilov. Two towns were also named after him: Voroshilovgrad in Ukraine (now changed back to the historical Luhansk) and Voroshilov in the Soviet Far East (now renamed Ussuriysk after the Ussuri river), as well as the General Staff Academy in Moscow. Stavropol was called Voroshilovsk from 1935 to 1943.
Category:1881 births Category:1969 deaths Category:People from Lysychansk Category:Russian Social Democratic Labour Party members Category:Old Bolsheviks Category:Anti-Revisionists Category:Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union members Category:Heads of state of the Soviet Union Category:Heroes of Socialist Labour Category:Heroes of the Soviet Union Category:Double Heroes of the Soviet Union Category:Recipients of the Order of Suvorov Category:Recipients of the Order of Lenin Category:Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner Category:Marshals of the Soviet Union Category:People buried in the Kremlin Wall Necropolis Category:People of the Russian Civil War Category:Politburo of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union members Category:Russian communists Category:Russian people of World War II Category:Soviet military personnel Category:Soviet Ministers of Defence Category:Soviet people of World War II Category:Ukrainian communists Category:Ukrainian people of World War II Category:Ukrainian people of Russian descent Category:Great Purge perpetrators
az:Kliment Voroşilov be:Клімент Яфрэмавіч Варашылаў br:Kliment Vorochilov bg:Климент Ворошилов ca:Kliment Voroixílov cv:Ворошилов Климент Ефремович cs:Kliment Jefremovič Vorošilov da:Kliment Vorosjilov de:Kliment Jefremowitsch Woroschilow et:Kliment Vorošilov es:Kliment Voroshílov fr:Kliment Vorochilov ko:클리멘트 보로실로프 it:Kliment Efremovič Vorošilov he:קלימנט וורושילוב ka:კლიმენტ ვოროშილოვი la:Clemens Vorošilov lv:Kliments Vorošilovs lt:Klimentas Vorošilovas hu:Kliment Jefremovics Vorosilov nl:Kliment Vorosjilov ja:クリメント・ヴォロシーロフ no:Kliment Vorosjilov pl:Kliment Woroszyłow pt:Kliment Vorochilov ro:Kliment Voroșilov ru:Ворошилов, Климент Ефремович sk:Kliment Jefremovič Vorošilov sl:Kliment Jefremovič Vorošilov sr:Климент Ворошилов sh:Kliment Vorošilov fi:Kliment Vorošilov sv:Kliment Vorosjilov tl:Kliment Vorošilov tr:Kliment Voroşilov uk:Ворошилов Климент Єфремович vi:Kliment Yefremovich Voroshilov zh:克里门特·伏罗希洛夫This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
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