:For the 2006 Nepalese film see Krodh (film) Krodh is derived from the Sanskrit word krodha, which means wrath or Rage. This is an emotion recognized in the Sikh system as a spring of conation and is as such counted as one of the Five Evils.

It expresses itself in several forms from silent sullenness to hysterical tantrums and violence. In Sikh Scripture krodh usually appears in combination with kam — as "kam krodh". The coalescence is not simply for the sake of alliterative effect. Krodh (ire) is the direct progeny of kam (desire). The latter when thwarted or jilted produces the former. The Scripture also counts krodh (or its synonym kop) among the four rivers of fire.

Violence, attachment, covetousness and wrath," says Guru Nanak "are like four rivers of fire; those who fall in them burn, and can swim across, O Nanak, only through God's grace" (GG, 147). Elsewhere he says, "Kam and krodh dissolve the body as borax melts gold" (GG, 932). Guru Arjan, Nanak V, censures krodh in these words: "O krodh, thou enslavest sinful men and then caperest around them like an ape."

In thy company men become base and are punished variously by Death's messengers. The Merciful God, the Eradicator of the sufferings of the humble, O Nanak, alone saveth all" (GG, 1358). Guru Ram Das, Nanak IV, warns: "Do not go near those who are possessed by wrath uncontrollable" (GG, 40). Krodh is to be vanquished and eradicated. This is done through humility and firm faith in the Divine.

Guru Arjan's prescription: "Do not be angry with any one; search your own self and live in the world with humility. Thus, O Nanak, you may go across (the ocean of existence) under God's grace" (GG, 259). Shaikh Farid, a thirteenth-century Muslim saint whose compositions are preserved in the Sikh Scripture, says in one of his couplets: "O Farid, do good to him who hath done thee evil and do not nurse anger in thy heart; no disease will then afflict thy body and all felicities shall be thine" (GG, 1381-82). Righteous indignation against evil, injustice and tyranny is, however, not to be equated with krodh as an undesirable passion. Several hymns in the Guru Granth Sahib, particularly those by Guru Nanak and Kabir, express in strong terms their disapproval of the corruption of their day.

References

# Sabadarth Sri Guru Granth Sahib Ji. Amritsar, 1964 # Jodh Singh, Bhai, Gurmat Nirnaya. Ludhiana, 1932 # Sher Singh, The Philosophy of Sikhism. Lahore, 1944 # Avtar Singh, Ethics of the Sikhs. Patiala, 1970 # Nirbhai Singh, Philosophy of Sikhism. Delhi, 1990

Above adapted from article By L. M. Joshi

Concepts In Sikhism - Edited by Dr. Surinder Singh Sodhi

Lecture on Krodh #1 by Veer Bhupinder Singh

Lecture on Krodh #2 by Veer Bhupinder Singh

Category:Sikh terms

Name	Manna Dey
Background	solo_singer
Birth name	Prabodh Chandra Dey
Born	May 01, 1919Calcutta, British India
Instrument	Vocalist
Genre	Playback singing
Occupation	Singer
Years active	1939–present
Url	http://www.mannadey.in

Prabodh Chandra Dey (born 1 May 1919), better known by his nickname Manna Dey (), is a playback singer in Bengali and Hindi films. Along with Mohammed Rafi, Kishore Kumar, Mukesh, he was a part of Indian film playback music from the 1950s to the 1970s. He has recorded more than 3500 songs over the course of his career. The Government of India honoured him with the Padma Shri in 1971, the Padma Bhushan in 2005 and the Dadasaheb Phalke Award in 2009.

Biography

Dey was born to Purna Chandra (father) and Mahamaya Dey (mother) on 1 May 1919. Besides his parents, his youngest paternal uncle Sangeetacharya (meaning "Venerable Teacher of Music" in Sanskrit). K. C. Dey highly inspired and influenced him. Dey received his early education in a small pre-primary school named Indu Babur Pathshala. Thereafter he attended Scottish Church Collegiate School and Scottish Church College, followed by Vidyasagar College where he received his graduate education.

During Dey’s years at Scottish Church College, he sang to entertain his classmates. He began taking singing lessons from his uncle, Krishna Chandra Dey and Ustad Dabir Khan. During this period, Manna Dey stood first for three consecutive years in three different categories of inter-collegiate singing competitions.

In 1942, Dey accompanied Krishna Chandra Dey on a visit to Bombay. There he started working as an assistant, first under Krishna Chandra Dey, and then under Sachin Dev Burman. Later he assisted other music composers and then started to work independently. While working independently as a music director for various Hindi movies, Manna Dey continued to take musical lessons in Hindustani classical music from Ustad Aman Ali Khan and Ustad Abdul Rahman Khan.

Dey started his career in playback singing with the movie, Tamanna, in 1943. The musical score was by Krishna Chandra Dey and Manna sang a duet with Suraiya. The song was an instant hit. He sang a solo composed by Sachin Dev Burman, Upar Gagan Vishal, in the 1950 movie, Mashal. Its lyrics were written by Kavi Pradeep. In 1952, Dey sang for a Bengali and a Marathi movie with the same name and storyline, Amar Bhupali. This established him as a leading playback singer.

Dey recorded a popular duet, Ketaki Gulab Juhi, with classicist Bhimsen Joshi. With Kishore Kumar, he sang duets of different genres such as, Yeh Dosti Hum Nehi Torenge (Sholay) and Ek Chatur Naar (Padosan). Dey sang with singer/composer, Hemant Kumar (Hemanta Mukherjee), in Bengali movies, and also for some other Bengali composers. He sang a duet, "Ke Prothom Kachhe Esechi", with Lata Mangeshkar in the movie Sankhyabela. He also performed Rabindra Sangeet and has recorded over 3500 songs.

Personal life

On 18 December 1953, Manna Dey married Sulochana Kumaran from Kerala. They have two daughters: Shuroma, born on 19 October 1956; and Sumita, born on 20 June 1958.

Manna Dey currently lives in Bangalore in the township of Kalyannagar after spending more than fifty years in Mumbai. He also maintains a Calcutta address. He still travels widely in the world to present musical programs.

His Bengali-language autobiography, Jiboner Jalsaghorey, has been published by the renowned Ananda Publisher in the year 2005 which has been translated in English as Memories Come Alive, in Hindi as Yaden Jee Uthi and in Marathi as Jiboner Jalsaghorey.

Jibaner Jalsaghore, a documentary on Dey's life, was released in 2008. Manna Dey Sangeet Academy is developing a complete archive on Manna Dey. In association with Rabindra Bharati University, Kolkata, the Manna Dey Music Archive has been developed in the Sangeet Bhawan.

Accolades and awards

Dey has been honored with the titles Padma Shri and Padma Bhushan.

The following is the list of Manna Dey's other awards:

1969 National Film Award for Best Male Playback Singer for the Hindi Film Mere Huzur

1971 National Film Award for Best Male Playback Singer for the Bengali film Nishi Padma

1971 Padma Shri Award by Government of India

1985 Lata Mangeshkar Award awarded by Government of Madhya Pradesh

1988 Michale Sahittyo Puraskar awarded by Renaissance Sanskritik Parishad, Dhaka

1990 Shyamal Mitra Award by Mithun Fans Association

1991 Sangeet Swarnachurr Award awarded by Shree Khetra Kala Prakashika, Puri

1993 P.C.Chandra Award by P.C.Chandra Group & others

1999 Kamala Devi Roy Award by Kamala Devi Group

2001 Anandalok Lifetime Award by the Anandabazar Group

2002 Special Jury Swaralaya Yesudas Award for outstanding performance in music

2003 Alauddin Khan Award by the Government of West Bengal

2004 National Award as Playback singer by Government of Kerala

2004 D. Litt Honoris Causa by the Rabindra Bharati University

2005 Lifetime Achievement award by the Government of Maharashtra

2005 D.Litt Honoris Causa by the University of Burdwan

2005 Padma Bhushan Award by the Government of India

2007 First AKSHAYA Award by Government of Orissa

2007 Awarded the Dada Saheb Phalke Award by the Government of India

2008 D.Litt Honoris Causa by Jadavpur University

Filmography

References

External links

Manna Dey official website

Manna Dey unofficial website

Manna Dey interview at 90 in Anandabazar Patrika

Manna Dey's interview by Chandan Mitra

Shekhar Gupta">Manna Dey's interview by Shekhar Gupta

"Ai Mere Pyare Watan" Little India article

"Being Manna Dey: The modest musical maestro" - IBNLive interview

Category:1919 births Category:Living people Category:Bollywood playback singers Category:Indian actors Category:Indian autobiographers Category:Indian film singers Category:Indian male singers Category:Indian memoirists Category:Recipients of the Padma Bhushan Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri Category:Alumni of Vidyasagar College, Kolkata Category:Alumni of Scottish Church College, Calcutta Category:University of Calcutta alumni Category:Dadasaheb Phalke Award recipients Category:Marathi-language singers Category:Marathi playback singers