Name | Caesarea |
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Pushpin map | Israel haifa |pushpin_mapsize=250 |
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Imgsize | 300 |
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Caption | Caesarea Maritima |
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Hebname | |
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Stdheb | Keisarya |
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Altoffsp | Qesarya |
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District | haifa |
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Population | 4,400 |
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Popyear | 2006 |
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Area dunam | 35000 |
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Caesarea (; ,
Kaysaria; ) is a town in
Israel on the outskirts of
Caesarea Maritima, the ancient port city. It is located mid-way between
Tel Aviv and
Haifa (45 km), on the
Israeli Mediterranean coast near the city of
Hadera. Modern Caesarea as of December 2007 has a population of 4,500 people. It is the only Israeli locality managed by a private organization, the
Caesarea Development Corporation, and also one of the most populous localities not recognized as a
local council. It lies under the jurisdiction of the
Hof HaCarmel Regional Council.
History
Early history
Caesarea is believed to have been built on the ruins of
Stratonospyrgos (Straton's Tower), founded by
Straton I of
Sidon, and was likely an agricultural storehouse in its earliest configuration. In 90 BC,
Alexander Jannaeus captured Straton's Tower as part of his policy of developing the shipbuilding industry and enlarging the Hasmonean kingdom. Straton's Tower remained a Jewish city for two generations, until the
Roman conquest of 63 BC when the Romans declared it an autonomous city. The pagan city underwent vast changes under
Herod the Great, who renamed it Caesarea in honor of the Roman emperor,
Caesar Augustus.
In 22 BC, Herod began construction of a deep sea harbor and built storerooms, markets, wide roads, baths, temples to Rome and Augustus, and imposing public buildings. Every five years the city hosted major sports competitions, gladiator games, and theatrical productions in its theatre overlooking the Mediterranian Sea.
Caesarea also flourished during the Byzantine period. In the 3rd century AD, Jewish sages exempted the city from Jewish law, or Halakha, as by this time the majority of the inhabitants were non-Jewish. The city was chiefly a commercial centre relying on trade. The area was only seriously farmed during the Rashidun Caliphate period, apparently until the Crusader conquest in the eleventh century. The kibbutz of Sdot Yam was established 1 km south in 1940. Many of Qisarya's inhabitants left before 1948, when a railway was built bypassing the port, ruining their livelihood. Qisarya had a population of 960 in 1945. During the 1948 Arab-Israeli War part of the population fled for fear of attacks before it was conquered by Jewish forces in February, after which the remaining inhabitants were expelled and the village houses were demolished. During the conquest of Qisarya a number of the Arab inhabittants were killed. According to a testimony collected from Battalion members obtained by Israeli historian Uri Milstein: "In February 1948, the 4th Batallion of Palmach, under the command of Josef Tabenkin, conquered Caesaria."
Modern town
With the establishment of
Israel, the
Rothschild family made an agreement to transfer most of their vast land holdings to the new state. A different arrangement was reached, however, for the 35,000
dunams of land the family owned in and around modern Caesarea: after turning over the land to the state, it was leased back (for a period of 200 years) to a new charitable foundation. In his will,
Edmond James de Rothschild stipulated that this foundation would further education, arts and culture, and welfare in Israel. The Caesarea Edmond Benjamin de Rothschild Foundation was formed and run based on the funds generated by the sale of Caesarea land which the Foundation is responsible for maintaining. The Foundation is owned half by the Rothschild Family, and half by the State of Israel.
The Foundation established the Caesarea Edmond Benjamin de Rothschild Development Corporation Ltd. (CDC) in 1952 to act as its operations arm. The company transfers all profits from the development of Caesarea to the Foundation, which in turns contributes to organizations that advance higher education and culture across Israel.
Geography
Caesarea is located on the
Israeli Mediterranean coastal plain, the
historic land bridge between
Europe,
Asia and
Africa approximaetly half-way between the major cities of
Tel Aviv and
Haifa . Caesarea is situated approximately north west of the city of
Hadera, and is bordered to the east by the Caesarea Industrial Zone and the city of
Or Akiva. Directly to the north of Caesarea is the town of
Jisr az-Zarqa.
Caesarea is divided into a number of residential zones, known as clusters. The most recent of these to be constructed is Cluster 13, which, like all the clusters is given a name, in this case, "The Golf Cluster", due to its close proximity to the Caesarea Golf Course. These neighborhoods are universally affluent, although they vary significantly in terms of average plot size.
Beyond the eastern boundary of the residential area of Caesarea is Highway 2, Israel's main highway linking Tel Aviv to Haifa. Caesarea is linked to the road by the Caesarea Interchange in the south, and Or Akiva Interchange in the center. Slightly further to the east lies Highway 4, providing more local links to Hadera, Binyamina, Zichron Yaakov, and the moshavim and kibbutzim of Emek Hefer. Highway 65 starts at the Caesarea Interchange and runs westwards into the Galilee and the cities of Pardes Hanna-Karkur, Umm al-Fahm, and Afula.
Caesarea shares a railway station with nearby Pardes Hanna-Karkur which is situated in the Caesarea Industrial Zone and is served by the suburban line between Binyamina and Tel Aviv with two trains per hour. The Binyamina Railway Station, a major regional transfer station is also located nearby.
Town planning
The modern town of Caesarea follows design leads from the
garden suburb movement and is set out as a number of residential
clusters established sequentially as the town has developed.
Demographics
As of December 2007, Caesarea had a population of approximately 4,500.
Sport
Within Israel, Caesarea is noted for being the location of the country's only full-size
golf course. The idea for the Caesarea Golf and Country Club was originated after James de Rothschild was reminded by the dunes surrounding Caesarea of
Scotland's sandy links golf courses. Upon his death, the James de Rothschild Foundation established the course. In 1958 a Golf Club Committee was established, and a course was built. American professional golfer
Herman Barron, the first Jewish golfer to win a
PGA Tour event, helped develop the course. It was officially opened in 1961 by
Abba Eban. The Caesarea Golf Club has hosted international golf competitions every four years in the
Maccabiah Games. The course was redesigned and rebuilt by world-famous golf course designer
Pete Dye, starting August 2007 and finishing May 2009.
Caesarea has a country club, effectively a health complex housing a semi-Olympic-sized swimming pool, gym, tennis club, and martial arts studios. Swimmers use the Acquaduct Beach.
Notable residents
Procopius Byzantine-era historian and scholar
Ezer Weizman, seventh President of Israel
Keren Ann, pop singer
Arcadi Gaydamak, Russian-Israeli businessman
Eitan Wertheimer, industrialist
Benjamin Netanyahu, politician and the current Prime Minister of Israel
Avraham Yosef Schapira, politician and a businessman
Dorothea of Caesarea, 4th century virgin martyr, Roman Catholic Saint
See also
Caesarea Maritima
References
Bibliography
Notes
External links
Places To Visit in Caesarea (English)
Caesarea Development Corporation
Pete Dye Golf Project Caesarea
Caesarea, photo
Caesarea, Power Station, photo
Category:Planned communities