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![Selena - Queen Of Tejano [ 1 of 4 ]](http://web.archive.org./web/20110627213256im_/http://i.ytimg.com/vi/IxPjlNoxbN0/0.jpg "Selena - Queen Of Tejano [ 1 of 4 ]")
| Group | Tejanos |
|---|---|
| Pop | Tejanos6,669,666 Americansup to 32.0% of the total Texan population in 2000 |
| Regions | south Texas |
| Langs | American English, Spanish, American Spanish, Spanglish, Indigenous languages of Mexico, Ladino |
| Rels | Predominantly Roman Catholic, Protestant, and Jewish |
| Related | Californios, Hispanos, Mexicans, Spaniards, Basques, Canarians, Texians, German Texan |
Tejano (Spanish for "Texan"; archaic spelling Texano) is a term used to identify a Texan of Mexican and/or Latin-American descent.
Historically, the Spanish term Tejano has been used to identify different groups of people. During the Spanish Colonial times, the term applied to Spanish settlers of the region now known as Texas (first as part of the New Spain and then in 1821 as part of Mexico). During the times of independent south Texas, the term also applied to other Spanish-speaking Texans and hispanicized Germans and other Europeans. In modern times, the term is more broadly used to identify a Texan of Mexican descent and sometimes Texan of colonial Spanish descent, though other definitions may narrow it down to only people tracing their origins to northern Mexico or broaden it to all Hispanic Texans.
When immigrants first arrived in Texas, Tejano settlements arose in three separate regions. The Northern Nacogdoches region, the Bexar–Goliad region along the San Antonio River, and the Rio Grande ranching frontier between the Nueces River and the Rio Grande River. These populations shared certain characteristics yet they were also independent from one another. The main unifying factor for these separate regions was their shared responsibility of defending the Tejas frontier. Some of the first Tejano settlers were from the Canary Islands. Their family units were among the first to settle at the Presidio of San Antonio de Béjar in 1731 (Modern-day San Antonio, Texas). Soon after, they established the first civil government in Texas at La Villa de San Fernando.
Ranching was a major activity in the Bexar-Goliad settlement, which consisted of a belt of ranches that extended along the San Antonio river between Bexar and Goliad. The Nacogdoches settlement was located in the North Texas region. Tejanos from Nacogdoches traded with the French and Anglo residents of Louisiana, and were culturally influenced by them. The third settlement was located North of the Rio Grande toward the Nueces River. These Southern ranchers were citizens of Spanish origin from Tamaulipas and Northern Mexico, and identified with both Spanish and Mexican culture. They were of the same stock as the original Tejano settlers. The Northern Mexican states of Nuevo León, Coahuila, and Tamaulipas seceded from Mexico in 1840 to establish la República del Río Grande (the Rio Grande Republic) with its capital in what is now Laredo, Texas. However, their much anticipated political marriage with their Tejano kin did not come to fruition.
Tejanos may variously consider themselves to be Spanish, Mexican, and Hispano in ancestral heritage. In urban areas, as well as some rural communities, Tejanos tend to be well integrated into both Hispanic and mainstream American cultures, and a number of them, especially among younger generations, identify more with the mainstream and may understand little or no Spanish.
While a large number of the people who have come mostly from Central and Southern Mexico since the Mexican Revolution up until the present have drawn their identity from the mestizo culture (a mix of Spanish and indigenous cultures) and had their history and identity in the history of Mexico, a portion of the people whose ancestors colonized Texas as well as most of the present-day Northern Mexican states in the Spanish Colonial Period were and drew their identity from the Spaniards, or criollos, or the local populations such as the genizaros. Many of these have had their history and identity in the history of Spain and of the United States as a consequence of the participation of Spain and its colonial provinces of Texas and Louisiana in the American Revolution.
Regional difference have caused the people of Texas, the colonial Tejanos or Tejano Texians, to identify more with the people of Louisiana, which was a Spanish colony, and of the U.S., rather than with the people of Central and Southern Mexico.
The earliest settlers also included Sephardi Jews and Iberian Moors, who fled the Inquisition. There were also West Africans who initially were imported as slaves or indentured servants, native Amerindians who had integrated socially and religiously into colonial societies, and multiracial people ranging from mulattos to mestizos who were excluded by the Spanish law of "limpieza de sangre", or "purity of blood", from participating in the colonization of Northern New Spain including Texas and the American Southwest. For these reasons colonial Tejanos, or Tejano Texians/Texans, which today can also include mestizos and mulattos, are more accurately classified as "Spaniard/Spanish Texans", "Spaniard/Spanish Texians", "Spanish Americans", or simply as "Texans of Spanish heritage", as opposed to the more familiar "new Tejanos" who are of mostly Mexican heritage. Tejanos today also include Hispanics of other national origins who settled Texas in the mid-20th century, such as Cuban and Salvadoran Americans.
Asian Hispanics have also settled Texas throughout its history. The earliest were Spanish Filipinos from the cross-Pacific Galleon Trade with Mexico. Natives of Texas with Spanish surnames and with Filipino and non-Spanish white American blood may be mistaken as Tejanos. A significant wave of Asian Mexicans arrived in Texas during the Mexican Revolution.
Millions of Tejanos migrated across the U.S. in the mid-20th century to other states where Hispanics tend to live. Tejanos found industrial work at urban centers in the North and East, and, as farm migrant laborers, came in contact with Mexican immigrants from the northern states of Mexico. It explains the massive "Tejano" influence and contribution to present-day Mexican-American culture in California and other Western states.
The cuisine that would come to be "Tex-Mex" originated with the Tejanos as a hybrid of Spanish and North American indigenous commodities with influences of the Mexican cuisine.
Tex-Mex cuisine is characterized by its heavy use of melted cheese, meat (particularly beef), beans, and spices, in addition to corn or flour tortillas. Chili con carne, crispy chalupas, chili con queso, enchiladas, and fajitas are all Tex-Mex inventions. A common feature of Tex-Mex is the combination plate, with several of the above on one large platter. Serving tortilla chips and a hot sauce or salsa as an appetizer is also an original Tex-Mex invention. Cabrito, barbacoa, carne seca, and other products of cattle culture have been common in the ranching cultures of South Texas and Northern Mexico. In the 20th century, Tex-Mex took on Americanized elements such as yellow cheese, as goods from the United States became cheap and readily available. Moreover, Tex-Mex has imported flavors from other spicy cuisines, such as the use of cumin.
Daniel D. Arreola states that there is a line of demarcation in the "South Texas Mexican" food region, including Tejano, using a "taco-burrito" and "taco-barbecue" line of demarcation. To the west of this line, Mexican food served in a flour tortilla is often called a burrito, due to the influence of the Mexican state of Chihuahua. To the south and east of this line, the same food may be simply called a taco, showing a Tex-Mex influence. To the north, the food gives way to barbecue sandwiches reflecting the influx of European, Southern Anglo, and African Americans.
Category:Texas society Tejano Category:Hispanic and Latino American people Category:American people of Mexican descent Category:American people of Spanish descent Category:American regional nicknames
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| Name | Álvaro Torres |
|---|---|
| Background | solo_singer |
| Born | April 09, 1957 |
| Origin | Usulután, El Salvador |
| Genre | Latin Pop, Bolero |
| Years active | 1976—Present |
| Url | http://www.alvarotorres.com/ |
Some of his more famous songs are "Un poquito de amor" (A Little Bit of Love), "La Unica" (The Only One), "Lo Que Se Dice Olvidar" Si Estuvieras Conmigo (If you were here with me) and "Nada se compara contigo" (Nothing Compares to You). He sang a duet with the Mexican singer Marisela on the song "Mi amor por ti" (My Love for You), and also sang a duet with Selena on the song "Buenos amigos" (Good Friends).
Some of his musical influences are Sandro, Camilo Sesto, and Joan Manuel Serrat.
This article draws heavily on the Álvaro Torres in the Spanish-language Wikipedia.
Category:1957 births Category:Living people Category:Latin pop singers Category:Salvadoran musicians Category:American people of Salvadoran descent
This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
| Name | Sergei Govorkov |
|---|---|
| Caption | |
| First | His Nickname Is 'Beast' (1989) |
| Last | Return of the Furious (2005) |
| Nickname | 30th |
| Alias | Beast, Rex, Furious |
| Title | Sergeant |
| Portrayer | Igor Livanov (1992 film)Dmitry Pevtsov (1989 film) |
| Creator | Victor Dotsenko |
In the novels his name is Savely – a rare Russian name, which was changed to relatively sounding, more common and catchy. He appeared in more than twenty novels, all of them became a bestsellers.
Complicated tangle, eh? And there is no wonder that KGB, Russian mob and Mujahideen wants him dead or alive. Finally he came back in the USSR, but now it's not the same Country he had left a years ago. New trends, new ideas, new liberties are in the air.
Victor Dotsenko "Terminate the Thirtieth!":
Category:Fictional sergeants Category:Fictional Spetsnaz personnel Category:Fictional war veterans Category:Fictional mercenaries Category:Fictional private military members Category:Characters in Russian novels of the 20th century Category:Russian characters in written fiction
This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
