Pasha or pascha, formerly bashaw, ( Etymologists variously derive the word paşa from the Turkish baş or baş ağa, "head, chief",. Old Turkish had no fixed distinction between /b/ and /p/, and the word was spelled başa still in the 15th century. As first used in western Europe, the title appeared in writing with the initial "b". The English forms bashaw, bassaw, bucha etc., general in the 16th and 17th century, derive through the medieval Latin and Italian word bassa. Due to the Ottoman presence in the Arab World, the title became used frequently in Arabic, though pronounced as basha due to the absence of the letter "p" in Arabic.
Pashas ranked above Beys and Aghas, but below Khedives and Viziers.
Three grades of Pasha existed, distinguished by the number of yak- or horse-tails (three, two and one respectively; a symbol of Turco-Mongol tradition) or peacock tails, which the bearers were entitled to display on their standard as a symbol of military authority when on campaign. Only the Sultan himself was entitled to four tails, as sovereign commander in chief.
The following military ranks entitled the holder to the style Pasha (lower ranks were styled Bey or merely Effendi):
If a Pasha governed a provincial territory, it could be called a pashaluk after his military title, besides the administrative term for the type of jurisdiction, e.g. eyalet, vilayet/walayah. Both Beylerbeys (governors-general) and valis/wālis (the most common type of Governor) were entitled to the style of Pasha (typically with two tails). The word pashalik designated any province or other jurisdiction of a Pasha.
Ottoman and Egyptian authorities conferred the title upon both Muslims and Christians without distinction. They also frequently gave it to foreigners in the service of the Ottoman Empire or of the Egyptian Khedivate (later Sultanate, and Kingdom in turn), e.g. Hobart Pasha.
The sons of a Pasha were styled Pashazada or Pasha-zade, which means just that.
In modern Egyptian and (to a lesser extent) Levantine Arabic, it is used as an honorific closer to "Sir" than "Lord," especially by older people.
Although not used as an official title, today, general officers of the Turkish Armed Forces are referred as Pashas by public and media in Turkey.
Category:Noble titles Category:Turkish titles Category:Words of Turkish origin Category:Titles in Afghanistan Category:Noble titles of Egypt Category:Titles in Iran Category:Titles in Pakistan Category:Titles of national or ethnic leadership Category:Titles in Lebanon
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| Name | Juliana Pasha |
|---|---|
| Background | solo_singer |
| Born | May 20, 1980 Tirana, Albania |
| Origin | Burrel, Albania |
| Genre | Pop |
| Occupation | Singer |
Juliana Pasha (born 20 May 1980, Tirana, Albania) is an Albanian singer.
Category:1980 births Category:Living people Category:Albanian singers Category:Albanian Eurovision Song Contest entrants Category:Eurovision Song Contest entrants of 2010 Category:People from Tirana Category:Albanian Christians
This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
| Name | Omar Pasha |
|---|---|
| Placeofbirth | Janja Gora near Plaški,Croatian Military Frontier,Austrian Empire (today's Croatia) |
| Placeofdeath | Istanbul, Ottoman Empire |
| Caption | Omar Pasha |
| Allegiance | Austrian Empire Ottoman Empire |
Omar Pasha Latas (, 1806–1871) was a Ottoman general. He was a Croatian
Now a Major, Omar completed a mapping assignment in Bulgaria and the Danube territories, gaining detailed knowledge of the ground which was to serve him well in the future. Chrzanowski also milked his ideas for re-organizing the Army; in return he smoothed the way for Omar's introduction into Turkish society. He thereby met and married a rich heiress, the start of his meteoric rise in Turkish military circles. He was shortly afterwards appointed Military Governor of Constantinople. In 1840-41 he led a successful expedition to quell a revolt in Syria, and for a time was Governor of the Lebanon.
After the Hungarian Revolution of 1848, he was put in command of the Turkish forces in Moldavia and Wallachia. His firm and effective handling of a powder keg situation involving potential confrontation with the Russian and Austrian Armies, demonstrated that he possessed considerable diplomatic skills., but equally no doubt that he proved equal to the challenges of high command which resulted. A clear and precise military thinker, he took bold decisions and relentlessly followed them through. Although he had a reputation as a strict and ruthless disciplinarian, he was revered and respected by his men. A true professional, while the other allies struggled to come to grips with local campaigning conditions, he had seen it all too often before. Perhaps for that reason the allied troops found his expression cold and uninterested when seated on his horse plodding round their lines.
Category:Pashas Category:Ottoman military personnel Category:1806 births Category:1871 deaths Category:Converts to Islam from Eastern Orthodoxy Category:Ottoman military personnel of the Crimean War Category:Field Marshals of the Ottoman Empire Category:Croatian military personnel in Austrian armies Category:Croatian Muslims Category:Serbian Muslims Category:Serbian soldiers
This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
| Name | Luiz Ejlli |
|---|---|
| Background | solo_singer |
| Origin | Albania |
| Genre | Pop-folk, Pop, Ethnic |
| Years active | 2004–present |
Category:1985 births Category:Living people Category:Albanian singers Category:Albanian Eurovision Song Contest entrants Category:Eurovision Song Contest entrants of 2006 Category:Pop folk singers Category:People from Shkodër
This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
