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Singing is the act of producing musical sounds with the voice, and augments regular speech by the use of both tonality and rhythm. A person who sings is called a singer or vocalist. Singers perform music known as songs that can either be sung a cappella (without accompaniment) or accompanied by musicians and instruments ranging from a single instrumentalist to a full symphony orchestra or big band. Singing is often done in a group of other musicians, such as in a choir of singers with different voice ranges, or in an ensemble with instrumentalists, such as a rock group or baroque ensemble. Nearly anyone who can speak can sing, since in many respects singing is a form of sustained speech.
Singing can be informal and done for pleasure; for example, singing in the shower or karaoke; or it can be very formal, as in the case of singing during a religious ritual such as a Mass or professional singing typically done on stage or in a recording studio. Singing at a high amateur or professional level usually requires instruction, and regular practice. Professional singers usually build their careers around one specific musical genre, such as Classical or rock, and they typically take voice training provided by a voice teacher or vocal coach throughout their career.
The sound of each individual's singing voice is entirely unique not only because of the actual shape and size of an individual's vocal cords but also due to the size and shape of the rest of that person's body. Humans have vocal folds which can loosen, tighten, or change their thickness, and over which breath can be transferred at varying pressures. The shape of the chest and neck, the position of the tongue, and the tightness of otherwise unrelated muscles can be altered. Any one of these actions results in a change in pitch, volume, timbre, or tone of the sound produced. Sound also resonates within different parts of the body, and an individual's size and bone structure can affect the sound produced by an individual.
Singers can also learn to project sound in certain ways so that it resonates better within their vocal tract. This is known as vocal resonation. Another major influence on vocal sound and production is the function of the larynx which people can manipulate in different ways to produce different sounds. These different kinds of laryngeal function are described as different kinds of vocal registers. The primary method for singers to accomplish this is through the use of the Singer's Formant; which has been shown to match particularly well to the most sensitive part of the ear's frequency range.
In linguistics, a register language is a language which combines tone and vowel phonation into a single phonological system. Within speech pathology the term vocal register has three constituent elements: a certain vibratory pattern of the vocal folds, a certain series of pitches, and a certain type of sound. Speech pathologists identify four vocal registers based on the physiology of laryngeal function: the vocal fry register, the modal register, the falsetto register, and the whistle register. This view is also adopted by many vocal pedagogists.
However as knowledge of human physiology has increased over the past two hundred years, so has the understanding of the physical process of singing and vocal production. As a result, many vocal pedagogists, such as Ralph Appelman at Indiana University and William Vennard at the University of Southern California, have redefined or even abandoned the use of the terms chest voice and head voice. However, the use of overly strong chest voice in the higher registers in an attempt to hit higher notes in the chest can lead to forcing. Forcing can lead consequently to vocal deterioration.
However, most classical music systems acknowledge seven different major voice categories. Women are typically divided into three groups: soprano, mezzo-soprano, and contralto. Men are usually divided into four groups: countertenor, tenor, baritone, and bass. When considering voices of pre-pubescent children an eighth term, treble, can be applied. Within each of these major categories there are several sub-categories that identify specific vocal qualities like coloratura facility and vocal weight to differentiate between voices.
Within contemporary forms of music (sometimes referred to as Contemporary Commercial Music), singers are classified by the style of music they sing, such as jazz, pop, blues, soul, country, folk, and rock styles. There is currently no authoritative voice classification system within non-classical music. Attempts have been made to adopt classical voice type terms to other forms of singing but such attempts have been met with controversy. The development of voice categorizations were made with the understanding that the singer would be using classical vocal technique within a specified range using unamplified (no microphones) vocal production. Since contemporary musicians use different vocal techniques, microphones, and are not forced to fit into a specific vocal role, applying such terms as soprano, tenor, baritone, etc. can be misleading or even inaccurate.
Vocal pedagogy concepts are a part of developing proper vocal technique. Typical areas of study include the following:
Since singing is a coordinated act, it is difficult to discuss any of the individual technical areas and processes without relating them to the others. For example, phonation only comes into perspective when it is connected with respiration; the articulators affect resonance; the resonators affect the vocal folds; the vocal folds affect breath control; and so forth. Vocal problems are often a result of a breakdown in one part of this coordinated process which causes voice teachers to frequently focus in intensively on one area of the process with their student until that issue is resolved. However, some areas of the art of singing are so much the result of coordinated functions that it is hard to discuss them under a traditional heading like phonation, resonation, articulation, or respiration.
Once the voice student has become aware of the physical processes that make up the act of singing and of how those processes function, the student begins the task of trying to coordinate them. Inevitably, students and teachers will become more concerned with one area of the technique than another. The various processes may progress at different rates, with a resulting imbalance or lack of coordination. The areas of vocal technique which seem to depend most strongly on the student's ability to coordinate various functions are:
Music which employs singing but does not feature it prominently is generally considered as instrumental music. For example, some blues rock songs may have a simple call-and-response chorus, but the emphasis in the song is on the instrumental melodies and improvisation. Vocal music typically features sung words called lyrics, although there are notable examples of vocal music that are performed using non-linguistic syllables or noises, sometimes as musical onomatopoeia. A short piece of vocal music with lyrics is broadly termed a song.
Popular music includes a range of vocal styles. Hip-hop uses rapping, the rhythmic delivery of rhymes in a rhythmic speech over a beat or without accompaniment. Some types of rapping consist mostly or entirely of speech and chanting, like the Jamaican "toasting". In some types of rapping, the performers may interpolate short sung or half-sung passages. Blues singing is based on the use of the blue notes–notes sung at a slightly lower pitch than that of the major scale for expressive purposes. In heavy metal and hardcore punk subgenres, vocal styles can include techniques such as screams, shouts, and unusual sounds such as the "death growl".
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One difference between live performances in the popular and Classical genres is that whereas Classical performers often sing without amplification in small- to mid-size halls, in popular music, a microphone and PA system (amplifier and speakers) are used in almost all performance venues, even a small coffee house. The use of the microphone has had several impacts on popular music. For one, it facilitated the development of intimate, expressive singing styles such as "crooning" which would not have enough projection and volume if done without a microphone. As well, pop singers who use microphones can do a range of other vocal styles that would not project without amplification, such as making whispering sounds, humming, and mixing half-sung and sung tones. As well, some performers use the microphone's response patterns to create effects, such as bringing the mic very close to the mouth to get an enhanced bass response, or, in the case of hip-hop beatboxers, doing plosive "p" and "b" sounds into the mic to create percussive effects.
While some bands use backup singers who only sing when they are onstage, it is common for backup singers in popular music to have other roles. In many rock and metal bands, the musicians doing backup vocals also play instruments, such as rhythm guitar, electric bass, or drums. In Latin or Afro-Cuban groups, backup singers may play percussion instruments or shakers while singing. In some pop and hip-hop groups and in musical theater, the backup singers may be required to perform elaborately choreographed dance routines while they sing through headset microphones.
Aspiring singers and vocalists must have musical talent and skill, an excellent voice, the ability to work with people, and a sense of showmanship and drama. Additionally, singers need to have the ambition and drive to continually study and improve, However, one much older study of lung capacity compared those with professional vocal training to those without, and failed to back up the claims of increased lung capacity. Singing may positively influence the immune system through the reduction of stress. One study found that both singing and listening to choral music reduces the level of stress hormones and increases immune function. A multinational collaboration to study the connection between singing and health was established in 2009, called Advancing Interdisciplinary Research in Singing (AIRS).
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Name | Wisin & Yandel |
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Background | group_or_band |
Born | December 19, 1978 (Wisin)January 14, 1977 (Yandel) |
Origin | Cayey, Puerto Rico |
Genre | Reggaeton, R&B;, Electropop, Latin pop |
Years active | 1998 – presente |
Label | WY, Machete |
Url | WisinYandelPR.com |
Current members | Juan Luis Morera Luna (Wisin)Llandel Veguilla Malavé Salazar (Yandel) |
Wisin & Yandel are a Puerto Rican reggaeton duo, consisting of Llandel Veguilla Malavé Salazar (Yandel) and Juan Luis Morera Luna (Wisin). They started their career in 2000 and have been together since, winning several awards during that time.
Their biggest hits are "Rakata", "Llamé Pa' Verte (Bailando Sexy)", "Pam Pam", "Sexy Movimiento", "Pegao", "Síguelo", "Abusadora", and "Gracias a Tí". Wisin & Yandel have collaborated with internationally known artists such as R. Kelly on "Burn It Up", Paris Hilton on the reggaeton remix to her debut single "Stars Are Blind", Ja Rule on "Rakata (Remix)", Lenny Kravitz on "Breathe" (a promotional song for Absolut Vodka), Mexican Pop group RBD on "Lento (Remix)", compatriots La Secta AllStar on "Llora Mi Corazón", Fat Joe on "Jangueo", Nelly Furtado on "Sexy Movimiento (Remix)", 50 Cent on "Mujeres In The Club" and "Así Soy" along with G-Unit, Akon on "All Up 2 You" along with Aventura and "Ella Me Llama (Remix)", Enrique Iglésias on "Lloro Por Ti (Remix)" and "Gracias a Tí (Remix)", Gloria Estefan on "No Llores (Remix)", T-Pain on "Imagínate", "Te Siento" and in a remix for Reverse Cowgirl.
Category:Reggaeton musicians Category:Duos Category:Reggaeton duos Category:Puerto Rican male singers Category:Puerto Rican singers Category:Puerto Rican reggaeton artists Category:Latin Grammy Award winners
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Name | Tim Conway |
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Caption | Tim Conway, 2007 |
Birth name | Thomas Daniel Conway |
Birth date | December 15, 1933 |
Birth place | Willoughby, Ohio, U.S. |
Occupation | Actor, writer, director, comedian |
Years active | 1956–present |
Spouse | Mary Anne Dalton (1961–1978)Charlene Fusco (1984–present) Because of this move, which deprived Anderson of his co-host and comic foil, the station asked Anderson if he could host a B-grade (and lower) horror movie show on Friday nights instead. Conway would continue to make many appearances alongside Anderson's massively popular alter ego Ghoulardi, alongside "Big Chuck" Schodowski, a station engineer whom Anderson tapped to assume much of Conway's sidekick status (and who would ultimately succeed Anderson as co-host of the horror movie program). |
Name | Conway, Tim |
Date of birth | December 15, 1933 |
Place of birth | Willoughby, Ohio, U.S. |
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Cryar's debut, Keep No Secrets, was released in 1984, and its singles "Holy Fire" and "Carried Away" received moderate airplay on Christian radio; but it was his 1986 album, Fuel on the Fire, featuring the chart-topping contemporary Christian single (also nominated for a Dove Award for best video), "Pray in the U.S.A.," that began his road to success. Collaborating with producer Roy Salmond and composers Ty Tabor and Doug Pinnick (later of Kings X fame) and well-regarded CCM session player, John Andrew Schreiner, Fuel on the Fire contains some "foot-tapping ditties" and "tuneful ballads" that make up Mr. Cryar's vocal performance. In the 1980s, Cryar toured with big names in the CCM industry, such as Petra and DeGarmo and Key, promoting Fuel for the Fire and his 1989 follow up Like A River to receptive high school-and-college-age audiences.
Cryar's level of recognition early on in his career paved the way for his fourth album, Kingdom Upside Down (1990), to reach #27 on the Billboard Christian charts, despite its criticism as a "pleasantly forgettable album," and for its single, "Father," to hit number one on the Christian radio charts. Additionally in the 1990s, he had a #1 Christian radio hit with "If I Never See a Miracle" from 1995's Love Over Gold, and the single, "What Sin?" from the same album had its own moderate success on Christian radio.
Category:American performers of Christian music Category:Christian songwriters Category:Living people
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Known as the 'Latin Madonna', Marisela recorded her first album at the age of 15 in 1984 and continues to release albums into the 21st century.
The romance ended of course because of the love triangle between Marisela, Marco Antonio Solis and Beatriz Adrianna who was also a beautiful rising artist whose album Marco Antonio Solis was promoting.
Marisela is one of very few singers who have managed to survive in the music business only by playing concerts in Mexican venues known as palenques.
In 1987, Marisela recorded a duet with Salvadorian singer named Alvaro Torres on a song called Mi Amor Por Ti (English: My Love For You). The song was released on Torres' 1986 album Tres.
Marisela has continued recording great hit songs like, Completamente Tuya, Enamorada y Herida, Sola con mi Soledad, Ya No, El Chico Aquel, Mi Problema and many more.
In 2007, Marisela released a compilation of greatest hits entitled Noches Eternas with a Mariachi sound to it. She is preparing to release the most waited for production of No Soy Una Mentirosa this year.
Marisela is one of the artists that will always remain a favorite in the hearts of her audience. Now in the heart of a new generation to come that is through their ancestors listening to her songs and becoming fans of her all over again. She is now known as "La Dama de Hierro."
Category:Year of birth missing (living people) Category:Living people Category:American people of Mexican descent Category:Mexican female singers Category:People from Los Angeles, California
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