An election exit poll is a poll of voters taken immediately after they have exited the polling stations. Unlike an opinion poll, which asks whom the voter plans to vote for or some similar formulation, an exit poll asks whom the voter actually voted for. A similar poll conducted before actual voters have voted is called an entrance poll. Pollsters – usually private companies working for newspapers or broadcasters – conduct exit polls to gain an early indication as to how an election has turned out, as in many elections the actual result may take hours or even days to count.

Warren Mitofsky, founder of Mitofsky International, is credited with having invented the exit poll.^[1]

Purpose[link]

An exit poll during an election in Hong Kong

Exit polls are also used to collect demographic data about voters and to find out why they voted as they did. Since actual votes are cast anonymously, polling is the only way of collecting this information.

Exit polls have historically and throughout the world been used as a check against and rough indicator of the degree of election fraud. Some examples of this include the Venezuelan recall referendum, 2004, and the Ukrainian presidential election, 2004.

Problems[link]

Like all opinion polls, exit polls by nature do include a margin of error. A famous example of exit poll error occurred in the 1992 UK General Election, when two exit polls predicted a hung parliament. The actual vote revealed that Conservative Party Government under John Major held their position, though with a significantly reduced majority. Investigations into this failure identified a number of causes including differential response rates (the Shy Tory Factor), the use of inadequate demographic data and poor choice of sampling points.^[2][3]

Organizations that conduct election exit polling[link]

The examples and perspective in this section may not represent a worldwide view of the subject. Please improve this article or discuss the issue on the talk page. (December 2010)

In the United States, the National Election Pool (NEP) consists of ABC, AP, CBS, CNN, FOX News, and NBC conduct a joint election exit poll. Since 2004 this exit poll has been conducted for the NEP by Edison Media Research.

Criticism and controversy[link]

Widespread criticism of exit polling has occurred in cases, especially in the United States, where exit-poll results have appeared and/or have provided a basis for projecting winners before all real polls have closed, thereby possibly influencing election results.^{[citation needed]} In the 1980 U.S. presidential election, NBC predicted a victory for Ronald Reagan at 8:15 pm EST, based on exit polls of 20,000 voters. It was 5:15 pm on the West Coast, and the polls were still open. There was speculation that voters stayed away after hearing the results.^[4] Thereafter, television networks have voluntarily adopted the policy of not projecting any victor within a state until all polls have closed for that state.^{[citation needed]} In the 2000 U.S. Presidential election it was alleged that media organizations released exit poll results for Florida before the polls closed in the Florida panhandle.^{[citation needed]}

Some countries, such as the United Kingdom or Germany, have made it a criminal offence to release exit poll figures before the polling stations have closed, while others, such as Singapore, have banned them altogether.^[5] In some instances, problems with exit polls have encouraged polling groups to pool data in hopes of increased accuracy. This proved successful during the 2005 UK General Election, when the BBC and ITV merged their data to show an exit poll giving Labour a majority of 66 seats, which turned out to be the exact figure. This method was also successful in the 2007 Australian Federal Election, where the collaboration of Sky News, Channel 7 and Auspoll provided an almost exact 53 percent two party-preferred victory to Labor over the ruling Coalition.

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Footnotes[link]

References[link]

• Blumenthal, Mark (2008). "Questions About Exit Polls". Pollster.com. http://www.pollster.com/faq/faq_questions_about_exit_polls_1.php. Retrieved 4 November 2008. 
• Joan Konner, James Risser, and Ben Wattenberg (29 January 2001). "Television's Performance on Election Night 2000: A Report for CNN". CNN. http://archives.cnn.com/2001/ALLPOLITICS/stories/02/02/cnn.report/cnn.pdf. Retrieved 4 November 2008. 
• Silver, Nate (4 November 2008). "Ten Reasons Why You Should Ignore Exit Polls". FiveThirtyEight.com. http://www.fivethirtyeight.com/2008/11/ten-reasons-why-you-should-ignore-exit.html. Retrieved 4 November 2008. 
• Sproul, Robyn (22 October 2008). "EXPLAINER: How Exit Polls Work". ABCNews.com. http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/Vote2008/story?id=5973947. Retrieved 22 October 2008. 

External links[link]

• BBC UK General Election Exit Polls on YouTube

Look up exit in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Exit may refer to:

• Door
• Portal (architecture), an opening in the walls of a structure
• Emergency exit
• Overwing exit, a type of emergency exit on an airplane
• Exit ramp, a feature of a road interchange

Computing[link]

• Exit (command), a termination command in many operating systems
• exit (operating system), a system call to terminate a running process
• EXIT chart, a technique to aid the construction of error-correcting codes
• .exit, a pseudo-top-level domain
• User exit, a predefined replaceable procedure in a software package

Music[link]

• The Exit, an American indie/punk/reggae band
• Exit (festival), a music festival in Serbia
• Exit Records, an American record label
• "Exit" (song), a song by U2

Albums

• Exit (Alice album), or the title song
• Exit (k-os album), or the title song, "EXIT (Call Me)"
• Exit (Rotten Sound album), or the title song
• Exit (Shugo Tokumaru album)
• Exit (Tangerine Dream album), or the title song
• Exits, an album by The Boxer Rebellion
• Exit, an album by Barney McAll
• Exit, an album by Pat Martino

Other media[link]

• EXIT (performance art group), a 1970s UK group
• Exit (comics), a French comic by Bernard Werber and Alain Mounier
• Exit (video game), an action/puzzle game
• Exit Games, a German online-games developer
• Exit (magazine), a British photography magazine
• EXIT Theatre, an alternative theatre in San Francisco, California
• Exit, a Swedish 2006 film

Organisations[link]

• Exit (group), three European anti-Nazi organisations
• Exit International, a pro-euthanasia group founded in Australia
• Dignity in Dying, formerly Exit, a pro-euthanasia group founded in the United Kingdom
• Exit, a group based in Scotland UK (formerly, in 1980, the Scottish Branch of Exit) that advocates Euthanasia in the United Kingdom

Other uses[link]

• Exit (economics), the ability to opt out of future transactions
• EXIT procedure, an obstetrics procedure
• Exit (drink), an energy drink

See also[link]

• Exit strategy (disambiguation)
• All pages beginning with "Exit"
• Egress (disambiguation)
• Enter (disambiguation)
• No Exit (disambiguation)
• Quit (disambiguation)

This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the same title. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.

Look up poll or polling in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Poll, polled or polling may refer to:

Figurative head counts[link]

• Polling, voting
• Show of hands, voting
• Opinion poll
• The polls, polling places
• Poll, an election

Mathematics, science, and technology[link]

• Polling (computer science), polling loops

Other[link]

• Poll (livestock), the top of the head
• Polled livestock, hornless livestock of normally horned species
• Polling, livestock dehorning
• Polling or pollarding, cutting the upper part of a tree and allowing it to regrow
• Polling (metallurgy), removing oxides when refining a metal
• Polling (fad), standing up with arms to the sides in unusual public spaces
• The German title for the 2010 film The Poll Diaries

People[link]

• Max Poll (1908-1991), Belgian ichthyologist
• Graham Poll (born 1963), British referee
• Silvia Poll Ahrens (born 1970), Central American swimmer – with Olympic medal
• Claudia Poll (born 1972), Central American swimmer – with Olympic gold medal

Places[link]

• Poll (Cologne), a quarter of Cologne, Germany
• Towns in Bavaria, Germany
  • Polling, Mühldorf
  • Polling, Weilheim-Schongau
• Municipalities in Austria
  • Polling in Tirol
  • Polling im Innkreis, in Upper Austria

See also[link]

• Pohl (disambiguation)
• Pohle (disambiguation)
• Pole (disambiguation)
• Pollard (disambiguation)
• Polly (disambiguation)
• Paul (disambiguation)

This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the same title. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.

Moon Jae-in (born January 24, 1953) is a South Korean lawyer and the former chief of staff to late President Roh Mu-hyun. He was a founding member of the progressive South Korean newspaper, The Hankyoreh, in 1988.^[1] He is currently the chairperson of the Roh Mu-hyun Foundation.

Early life and education[link]

Born in Geoje, South Korea, Moon Jae-in was the first son. His father was a refugee from North Korea fled his native city of Hamhung during the Hanghung Retreat. His father settled in Gyoje as a laborer for Geoje POW Camp. He attended Gyoungnam High School, considered among the most prestigious school outside Seoul. He enrolled to Kyunghee University majoring in law. He was arrested and expelled from the university when he organized a student protest against Yushin Constitution. Later, he was forcibly conscripted to the military and recruited to the Special Forces where he participated in a military mission during the Axe murder incident. After discharge, he passed the Bar Exam and was admitted to the Judicial Research and Training Institute. He graduated second in the institute and despite his superb academic record, he was not admitted to become a judge due to his student protests. He chose to become a lawyer instead.

Career[link]

Human Rights Attorney[link]

He opened a partnership with Roh Moo Hyun who was nearly seven years senior in Busan which became Busan Law Firm. They have been best friends ever since. Along with Roh, he took cases involving human rights and civil rights issues. He was a member of Minbyun and the chairman of human rights at Busan Bar.

Roh's Campaign[link]

Due to Roh's insistence, he became the campaign manager for presidential candidate Roh.

Roh's Administration[link]

After Roh's victory, Moon became Roh's close aide and chief of staff.

Roh's Death[link]

When the prosecutors began investigating Roh's corruption charges, Moon was the legal counsel to Roh. When Roh threw himself to death, Moon was in charge of the funerals and handling his matters. His exposure to the public as poised and trusty aide impressed the public and many liberals in Korea found Moon to be the attractive candidate against the conservative Park Geun-hye.

Entrance to Politics[link]

Despite his earlier indifference to politics, he changed his reluctance and began to get involved in the politics. He published a memoir called "The Destiny of Moon Jae-in" which became a bestseller.^[2] His popularity has been rising steady against the likely opponent in the presidential race, if he chooses to run. For instance, in February 2012 Poll, Moon managed to gain parity with Park in popularity.^[3] Moon managed to capitalise on the conservatives' decline in popularity amid a series of corruption scandals as one pundit said "Moon had managed to portray himself as a moderate and rational leader who has the backing of the younger generation".^[4] In early 2012, Moon entered a bid for a seat at National Assembly and has been campaigning in western Busan.

Incidents[link]

• He was known to refuse an interview of the conservative TV Chosun journalist.^[5][6]

Personal[link]

• He is a Roman Catholic.
• He is a prominent leader of the Democratic United Party of Korea.

Experience[link]

• August 2010 - Chairperson of Roh Mu-hyun Foundation
• September 2009 - Executive Director Roh Mu-hyun Foundation
• August 2007 - Chairperson of the Promotion of the 2nd North-South Korea Submit
• March 2007 ~ February 2008 - Chief Secretary of the President
• January 2005 ~ May 2006 - Senior Presidential Secretary for Civil Affairs
• May 2004 ~ January 2005 - Senior Presidential Secretary for Civil Society
• 2003 ~ February 2004 - Senior Presidential Secretary for Civil Affairs

References[link]

External links[link]

• (Korean) Roh Mu-hyun Foundation
• (Korean) Naver Profile on Moon Jae-in