Global Greens
Abbreviation	GG
Formation	April 12, 2001 (2001-04-12)
Type	International nongovernmental organization
Legal status	Association
Purpose/focus	World network of green political parties and organizations
Region served	Worldwide
Secretary	James Tonson
Main organ	Global Greens Congress
Website	www.globalgreens.org

Part of a series on Green politics
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Schools Bright green environmentalism Deep ecology Ecofeminism · Eco-socialism Green anarchism Green conservatism Green left · Green liberalism Green libertarianism Green municipalism Green Zionism Green syndicalism Social ecology
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The Global Greens is an international network of Green parties and political movements that works to implement the Global Green Charter. It was founded in 2001 in Canberra, Australia at the First Global Greens Congress, where the Global Green Charter was approved.^[1] The Second Global Greens Congress was held in 2008 in Sao Paolo, Brazil. The Third Global Greens Congress was held in Dakar, Senegal in 2012.

The Global Greens has a 12-member steering committee called the Global Green Coordination^[2] and a network of members called the Global Greens Network.^[3]

The Charter of the Global Greens professes "core values" of ecological wisdom, social justice, participatory democracy, nonviolence, sustainability and respect for diversity. Priorities include "reforming the dominant economic model, tackling climate change, ending the hunger crisis, promoting vibrant democracy, working for peace, protecting biodiversity."^[4]

The Global Greens are organised into four federations across the world in the Americas, Africa, Europe and Asia-Pacific.

Member parties[link]

Country	Name	Federal Government	State/Municipal Government	Notes
Albania	Albania Te Gjeberit	in opposition	unknown
Andorra	Partit Verds d'Andorra	in opposition	unknown
Angola	Partido Nacional Ecológico de Angola	unknown	unknown
Argentina	Iniciativa Verde	unknown	unknown
Australia	Australian Greens	in partial coalition	In coalition in Tasmania and A.C.T.	agreement with government not to vote for no-confidence motions, but has no cabinet members.
Austria	Die Grünen	in opposition	in coalition in Upper Austria and in Vienna
Belgium	Groen!	in opposition	in opposition in Flanders
Belgium	Ecolo	in opposition	in coalition in Wallonia and Brussels-Capital Region
Benin	Les Verts du Benin	in opposition	unknown
Bolivia	Partido Verde de Bolivia	unknown	unknown
Brazil	Partido Verde do Brasil	junior party in coalition cabinet	unknown
Bulgaria	Zelena Partija	in opposition	unknown
Burkina Faso	Parti Ecologiste pour le Développement du Burkina	unknown	unknown
Burkina Faso	Rassemblement des Ecologistes du Burkina Faso	unknown	unknown
Burundi	Burundi Green Movement	unknown	unknown
Canada	Green Party of Canada/Parti Vert du Canada	in opposition	No seats in provincial or territorial legislatures. Most municipalities have non-partisan city councils, however the Green Party of Vancouver has one seat in its city council.	has one MP
Central African Republic	Mouvement des Verts de Centrafique	unknown	unknown
Chad	Union des Ecologistes Chadiens - LES VERTS	unknown	unknown
Chile	Partido Ecologista	extraparliamentary opposition
Colombia	Green Party	independent	unknown
Côte d'Ivoire	Parti Ecologique Ivoirien	unknown	unknown
Cyprus	Cyprus Green Party	in opposition	unknown
Czech Republic	Strana zelených	extraparliamentary opposition	unknown
Democratic Republic of the Congo	Parti Ecologiste Congolais	unknown	unknown
Dominican Republic	Partido Verde Dominicano	unknown	unknown
Egypt	Egyptian Greens	unknown	unknown
Estonia	Estonian Greens	in opposition	unknown
Finland	Vihreät/De Gröna	junior party in coalition cabinet	unknown
France	Europe Écologie–Les Verts	in opposition	unknown
Gabon	Parti Vert Gabonais/Gabon Green Party	unknown	unknown
Georgia	Sakartvelo’s Mtsvaneta Partia/Green Party of Georgia	unknown	unknown
Germany	Bündnis '90/Die Grünen	in opposition	in power in Baden-Württemberg, in coalition in North-Rhine Westphalia, Rhineland-Palatinate, Bremen and Saarland
Ghana	Ghana Green Movement	unknown	unknown
Greece	Ecologoi-Prasinoi/Ecologist Greens	in opposition	unknown
Guatemala	Partido Los Verdes de Guatemala	unknown	unknown
Guinea	Parti des Ecologistes Guineens	unknown	unknown
Hungary	Zöld Demokraták Szövetsége/Alliance of Green Democrats	unknown	unknown
Ireland  Northern Ireland	Green Party/Comhaontas Glas	in opposition	unknown	no parliamentary representation
India	Uttarakhand Parivartan Party	unknown	unknown
Italy	Federazione dei Verdi	unknown	unknown	no parliamentary representation
Japan	Midori no Mirai/Greens Japan	unknown	unknown
Japan	ECOLO Japan	unknown	unknown
Japan	Kanagawa Network Movement	unknown	unknown
Kenya	Mazingira Green Party	in opposition	unknown
South Korea	Korea Greens	unknown	unknown
Latvia	Latvijas Zala Partija/Latvia Green Party	junior party in coalition cabinet	unknown
Luxembourg	Déi Gréng	in opposition	unknown
Madagascar	Parti Vert Hasin'l Madagasikara	unknown	unknown
Malta	Alternattiva Demokratika	unknown	unknown
Mexico	Partido Ecologista Verde de México	in opposition	unknown
Mali	Parti Ecologiste du Mali	unknown	unknown
Mauritius	Verts Fraternels Ile Maurice	unknown	unknown
Moldova	Partidul Ecologist "Alianţa Verde" diu Moldova	unknown	unknown
Morocco	Les Verts	unknown	unknown
Netherlands	De Groenen	unknown	unknown
Netherlands	Groenlinks	in opposition	unknown
Niger	Rassemblement pour un Sahel Vert	unknown	unknown
Nigeria	Green Party of Nigeria	unknown	unknown
Nicaragua	Verdes en Alianza	unknown	unknown
New Zealand	Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand	in opposition	unknown
Norway	Miljøpartiet De Grønne	unknown	unknown
Pakistan	Green Party of Pakistan	unknown	unknown
Peru	Partido Ecologista Alternative Verde del Peru	unknown	unknown
Philippines	Partido Kalikasan/Philippine Green Party	unknown	unknown
Poland	Zieloni 2004	unknown	unknown
Portugal	Partido Ecologista Os Verdes	in opposition	unknown
Romania	Green Party of Romania	unknown	unknown
Russia	Zelenaya Alternativa (GROZA)	unknown	unknown
Rwanda	Democratic Green Party of Rwanda	unknown	unknown
Senegal	Les Verts	unknown	unknown
Sierra Leone	Sierra Leone Green Party	unknown	unknown
Slovakia	Strana Zelenych na Slovensku/Green Party in Slovakia	unknown	unknown
Slovenia	Stranka mladih Slovenije/Youth Party of Slovenia	in opposition	unknown
Somalia	Democratic Green Party of Somalia	unknown	unknown
South Africa	South African Green Alliance	unknown	unknown
Spain	Iniciativa per Catalunya Verds	in opposition	unknown
Sweden	Miljöpartiet de Gröna	in opposition	unknown
Switzerland	Green Party of Switzerland	in opposition	in coalition cabinet in 7 cantons
Taiwan	Green Party Taiwan	unknown	unknown
Taiwan	Taiwan Friends of the Global Greens	unknown	unknown
Tunisia	Tunisie Verte	unknown	unknown
Uganda	Uganda Green Movement	unknown	unknown
Ukraine	Partija Zelenych Ukrajiny/Party of Greens of Ukraine	unknown	unknown
United States	Green Party of the United States	Unrepresented	192, mostly at the city council level (highest office is mayoralty of Richmond, CA
United Kingdom	Green Party of England and Wales	in opposition	unknown	has one MP
United Kingdom	Scottish Green Party	in opposition	unknown	Have 2 MSPs
Venezuela	Movimiento Ecológico de Venezuela	in opposition	unknown
Zambia	Zambia Greens	unknown	unknown

Observers and associate member parties[link]

Country	Name	Government	Notes
Australia	Federation for a Democratic China, Australia	unknown
Azerbaijan	Azerbaijan Greens	in opposition
Belarus	Belarus Greens	in opposition
Bulgaria	Zelenite/The Greens	in opposition
Croatia	Zelena Lista/Croatia Greens	unknown
Denmark	Socialistisk Folkeparti	in coalition government
French Guiana	Les Verts de Guyane	unknown
French Polynesia	Maohi Greens	unknown
Hungary	Politics Can Be Different	in opposition
Mongolia	Mongolian National Green Movement	unknown
Nepal	Green Nepal Party	unknown
Nepal	Nature Conservation Party, Nepal	unknown
Papua New Guinea	Papua New Guinea Greens	unknown
Philippines	Philippines Greens	unknown
Russia	Green Russia	in opposition
Serbia	Zeleni/Greens of Serbia	in opposition
Sri Lanka	Sri Lanka Green Alliance	unknown
Turkey	Turkey Yesiller/Greens of Turkey	in opposition

The Global Green Networks cooperates with the four continental Green Federations:

• Federation of Green Parties of Africa
• Federation of Green Parties of the Americas
• Asia Pacific Greens Network
• European Green Party

See also[link]

	Sustainable development portal
	Environment portal
	Ecology portal
	Earth_sciences portal

• Biodiversity
• Conservation movement
• Conservation ethic
• Direct democracy
• Environmental movement
• Ecology
• Ecosystem
• Earth Science
• Global Greens Charter
• Global warming
• Global Young Greens
• Grassroots democracy
• List of environmental organizations
• Natural environment
• Nature
• Participatory democracy
• Sustainability
• Worldwide Green parties

References[link]

External links[link]

• Official website

Miranda Kerr
Miranda Kerr in 2012
Born	Miranda May Kerr (1983-04-20) 20 April 1983 (age 29)[1] Sydney, Australia
Height	1.75 m (5 ft 9 in)
Hair color	Brown
Eye color	Blue
Measurements	32–24–34 (US) 81–61–86 (EU)[2]
Dress size	6 US/36 EU[2]
Shoe size	8 US/39 EU[2]
Manager	IMG Models Traffic Models Chic Management[2]
Spouse	Orlando Bloom (2010–present)
Children	1
Website
www.mirandakerr.net

Miranda May Kerr (born 20 April 1983)^[1] is an Australian model. Kerr rose to prominence in 2007 as one of the Victoria's Secret Angels. She is the first Australian to participate in the Victoria's Secret campaign and also represents Australian fashion chain David Jones.

Kerr began modeling in the fashion industry when she was 13, starting at Chaay's Modelling Agency, and soon after winning a 1997 Australian nationwide model search hosted by Dolly magazine and Impulse fragrances.^[3] She is married to English actor Orlando Bloom.^[4]

Early life and family[link]

Kerr was born in Sydney^[5] and raised in the small town of Gunnedah, New South Wales.^[6] She is the daughter of Therese and John Kerr. She has a brother, Matthew, who is two years younger. In an interview, Kerr stated she is of English, French, and Scottish descent. During her childhood, Kerr "raced motorbikes and rode horses on her grandmother's farm." She describes her early life in the Australian countryside as "very grounding ... there wasn't any pretentiousness and no one really cared what you were wearing. You could just be you."^[7]

Her family moved to Brisbane to allow Kerr and her brother to experience city life. She graduated from All Hallows' School in 2000. Kerr studied nutrition and health psychology before pursuing modeling.^[8][9]

Career[link]

1997–2006[link]

At age 13, Kerr entered and won the 1997 annual Dolly Magazine/Impulse Model Competition. She was flown to Sydney a week before her 14th birthday to shoot for the magazine. Upon Kerr's win, local media expressed "concerned outrage" at her young age. The controversy raised concerns about the glorification of young girls within the fashion, beauty, and entertainment industries.^[7] Some media outlets claimed her Dolly shoot (including images of a 14-year-old Kerr in bathing suits) constituted a form of paedophilia. Of the press, Kerr said: "In the media at the time they were trying to cling on to anything remotely to do with paedophilia. Dolly is a magazine for teenage girls, not for old men. And I was fully clothed! Doing a winter shoot! They just made something out of nothing."^[3]

Kerr signed to Chic Management's Sydney division. She received considerable commercial exposure after a series of beachwear ads predominantly for Australian surf chain Billabong, in which Kerr modeled surf brands Tigerlily, Roxy, Billabong Girls, and One Teaspoon. This increased her profile in the Australian and Asian markets, after which Kerr relocated to New York where she became co-owner of the Bowery Ballroom.^[3][7]

Miranda Kerr in 2004 for Ober Jeans.

In New York, Kerr had a multitude of runway appearances and then signed with NEXT Model Management in early 2004. From there, she was booked for runway and print campaigns for major labels, including Alex Perry, Baby Phat, Lisa Ho, Voodoo Dolls, Levi's, Bettina Liano, Nicola Finetti, L.A.M.B., Heatherette, Betsey Johnson, Trelise Cooper, Jets, John Richmond, Blumarine Swimwear, Neiman Marcus, Seafolly Swimwear, Anna Molinari, Rock and Republic, Roberto Cavalli, and Ober Jeans.^[2] Kerr was also booked for print in magazines such as Elle, Australian Vogue and Harper's Bazaar, and was featured in television advertisements for brands like Portmans, Bonds, and Veet.^[3][7]

In early 2006, Kerr appeared in the finale episode of the TV show Project Runway, modeling clothes for contestant Daniel Vosovic's final collection. She was the first woman to walk down the catwalk. She debuted with the United States market when she signed a lucrative cosmetics contract with Maybelline New York. The campaign ran in a series of internationally sold women's beauty magazines, including Cosmopolitan, CLEO, and Elle, and was eventually featured in Victoria's Secret catalogues.^[7] She (along with several other Victoria's Secret and Next agency models) was also featured in a music video for the American hip-hop single "Number One" by artists Kanye West and Pharrell.^[3]

2007–present[link]

Following her success with Maybelline,^[7] Kerr became the first Australian model to be offered a contract with Victoria's Secret in 2007, replacing Gisele Bündchen. Upon her acceptance, she became the first ever Australian Victoria's Secret Angel^[10] joining the stable of models already signed to the lingerie giant, including Alessandra Ambrosio, Karolína Kurková, Adriana Lima, Selita Ebanks, Izabel Goulart, and Heidi Klum. Before becoming an Angel in 2007, Kerr was already picked to become the successor of Alessandra Ambrosio as the face of PINK in 2006. Kerr's popularity continued to increase as one of the globally recognized Angels when she appeared in the Victoria's Secret 2006, 2007, 2008, and 2009 televised runway shows, which aired on four continents.^[7]

Miranda Kerr at the Louis Vuitton Red Carpet Launch 2011

In 2007, Kerr had signed on as the face of Californian fashion retailer Arden B. After debuting in their Spring and Summer ad campaigns, Kerr returned for their Fall 2007 campaign, shot by fashion photographer Diego Uchitel.^[3] Following her modeling success with Victoria's Secret, Kerr made a small guest appearance in the CBS sitcom How I Met Your Mother alongside fellow Angels: Adriana Lima, Marisa Miller, Alessandra Ambrosio, Heidi Klum, and Selita Ebanks.^[3] She also became the new face of Clinique Happy and signed a lucrative six-figure deal to be the new face of Australian department store David Jones, replacing model Megan Gale.^[11] In 2008, having earned an estimated $3.5 million in the past 12 months, Forbes placed Kerr tenth in the list of the world's top-earning models.^[12]

Since 2009, Kerr was in the spring/summer ad campaign for XOXO.^[13] She was in Forbes 2009 list of the world's highest-paid models, ranking 9th with estimated earnings of $3 million.^[14] She left NEXT Model Management and signed with IMG Models.^[15] Kerr posed nude on the cover of Rolling Stone Australia's July 2009 issue.^[16] She then ended the year walking in the annual Victoria's Secret Fashion Show.^[15]

In October 2009, Kerr launched her own brand of organic skincare products, Kora Organics, with George Moskos,^[17] and become the face for Kora Organic Skincare.^[13]

In June 2009, Kerr posed naked, chained to a tree, for an issue of Rolling Stone Australia magazine, in order to raise awareness for the endangered koalas.^[16] Her charitable work includes Wildlife Warriors Worldwide and Children International.^[18] In August 2010, Kerr released an inspirational self-esteem, self-help book, Treasure Yourself. Treasure Yourself is aimed at female teenagers.^[18]

She appeared in the 2010 Pirelli Calendar photographed by Terry Richardson in Bahia, Brazil.^[19] Previously better known for her Victoria's Secret status rather than her high fashion work, Balenciaga is credited for launching her high fashion modeling career when casting directors Ashley Brokaw and Nicolas Ghesquière chose her to walk exclusively for the brand's spring 2010 runway show.^[20] It was her first designer fashion show, aside from Victoria's Secret, since 2007.^[2] A season later she walked for design company Prada for their Fall 2010 collection in Milan alongside fellow Angels Doutzen Kroes and Alessandra Ambrosio.^[21] Kerr then modeled for campaigns for Prada and Jil Sander, and was shot by Steven Meisel for the cover of Italian Vogue for September.^[20]

In January 2011, Kerr became the first pregnant model for Vogue when featured in Vogue Australia, being six months pregnant at the time of the shoot.^[22] In March she hit the catwalk for Balenciaga's Fall 2011 Ready-to-Wear collection as part of Paris Fashion Week, two months after giving birth.^[23] Kerr also posed nude for a 2011 Harper's Bazaar photo shoot.^[24] In October at Paris Fashion Week SS12 she walked the runway for Christian Dior, Lanvin, Chanel, John Galliano, Stella McCartney, Viktor & Rolf and Loewe.^[25] Kerr was chosen to present the $2.5 million Victoria's Secret Fantasy Treasure Bra for their fashion show in November 2011.^[26]

In January 2012, she was named ambassador for Qantas.^[27]

Public image[link]

Kerr in Perth on 21 February 2009

Models.com ranks her number 4 on the Top 20 sexiest models.^[28] She has been ranked in FHM's '100 Sexiest Women' poll at #56 in 2009, #36 in 2010, and #44 in 2011.^[29] She was named one of the "100 Hottest Women of All-Time" by Men's Health.^[30]

Kerr's model trademark is her dimples. Celebrity photographer Russell James said of Kerr, "The US has fallen in love with her. We love her because she has the most incredible girl-next-door look and she's also insanely beautiful. It means women are not intimidated by her looks and guys think they might be able to talk to her. It's a fantastic combination ... people want to be around her; she's fun on a shoot … and she's not stupid, which can be a very annoying trait among some models." Model agent Ursula Hufnagl described Kerr as "the perfect endorsement", citing her ability to "truly sell a product".^[7]

In early February 2010, Kerr inadvertently became the subject of global headlines when David Kiely, a banker at Macquarie Bank in Sydney, was caught viewing more explicit photos of her on his computer while in the background of a colleague's live television interview with Channel 7. Within days, a clip of the interview uploaded onto YouTube received over 1.3 million hits.^[31] Eventually, Kiely was suspended and an internet campaign launched on his behalf. Kerr herself gave him her backing: "I am told there is a petition to save his job, and of course I would sign it." The incident prompted a 100% increase in the number of Google searches for Kerr's name.^[32] A few days after the incident, Macquarie Bank announced that Kiely would keep his job.^[33]

Personal life[link]

Kerr practices Nichiren Buddhism and believes "we have a responsibility to bring peace and harmony to our lives and the world." As part of her Nichiren beliefs, Kerr reportedly chants every morning and night for 20 minutes, practices yoga, meditates, and reads widely on spirituality.^[7] She maintains her physique through daily yoga, light jogging, and a diet of steamed vegetables, fresh fruit, and fish.^[34] Kerr's mother Therese has been the General Manager of KORA Organics since February 2010.^[35] The company is based in Sydney. Kerr's brother Matt also works for the company.

In 2003, Kerr began dating finance broker Adrian Camilleri. Following an Australian Securities and Investments Commission investigation, Camilleri was found guilty on five counts of fraudulent behaviour from February 2003 to February 2004. Kerr subsequently ended the relationship. A 2007 newspaper report claims that Kerr suffered financially "after taking her boyfriend's financial advice" but chose not to take legal action.^[36]

She formerly dated Jay Lyon (Brent Tuhtan), the lead singer of the band Tamarama, who has made appearances on season one of the MTV series The City. Kerr starred in Tamarama's video clip for "Everything To Me". The two began dating in 2003 and had a four year relationship, which ended on mutual terms in mid-2007.^[37]

Kerr began dating actor Orlando Bloom in late 2007.^[38] He is also an SGI member. On 12 February 2009, Kerr and Bloom participated in the "Australia Unites" fundraiser to raise money for the victims of the Australian bushfires on 7 February 2009.^[39] In 2009, the Bling Ring broke into Bloom's home. The group stole luxury brand clothing and jewelry. In this case, the ringleader allegedly wanted Kerr's Victoria's Secret lingerie.^[40] The couple's engagement was announced on 21 June 2010.^[41] Kerr released a statement on 22 July 2010, confirming that she and Bloom had married in "an intimate ceremony."^[4] On 6 January 2011, Kerr gave birth to their first child, a son named Flynn Christopher Blanchard Copeland Bloom.^[42][43][44] The middle name Christopher comes from Kerr's ex-boyfriend,^[45] Christopher Middlebrook^[46] who died in a car accident in 1998 when they were 15. The two were still dating at the time.^[47]

Kerr told readers of Australian Cosmopolitan that coconut oil was the key to her clear skin, shiny hair and trim figure, saying she ingests four tablespoons a day, either on salads, in her cooking or in her cups of green tea.^[48][49]

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Miranda Kerr

• Official website
• Miranda Kerr on Twitter
• Miranda Kerr on Facebook
• Miranda Kerr at the Internet Movie Database
• Miranda Kerr at the Fashion Model Directory

Orlando Bloom
Bloom at the Venice Film Festival, 4 September 2005
Born	Orlando Jonathan Blanchard Bloom (1977-01-13) 13 January 1977 (age 35) Canterbury, Kent, England
Occupation	Actor
Years active	1994–present
Spouse	Miranda Kerr (2010–present)
Children	1

Orlando Jonathan Blanchard Bloom (born 13 January 1977) is an English actor. He had his break-through roles in 2001 as the elf-prince Legolas in The Lord of the Rings^[1] and in 2003 as blacksmith Will Turner in the Pirates of the Caribbean film series. He subsequently established himself as a lead in Hollywood films, including Elizabethtown and Kingdom of Heaven. He appeared in the ensemble films New York, I Love You, Sympathy for Delicious, and Main Street. Bloom made his professional stage debut in West End's In Celebration at the Duke of York's Theatre, St. Martin's Lane, which ended its run on 15 September 2007. On 12 October 2009, Bloom was named a UNICEF Goodwill Ambassador.

Early life[link]

Orlando Bloom was born in Canterbury, Kent, England, and has one sister, Samantha Bloom, who was born in 1975.

His mother, Sonia Constance Josephine (née Copeland), was born in the British section of Kolkata, India, the daughter of Betty Constance Josephine Walker and Francis John Copeland, who was a physician and surgeon. Through her, Bloom is a cousin of photographer Sebastian Copeland.^[2] Bloom's maternal grandmother's family lived in Tasmania, Australia, Japan, and India, and were of English descent, some of them having originally come from Kent.^[3] During his childhood, Bloom was told that his father was his mother's husband, Jewish South African-born anti-Apartheid novelist Harry Saul Bloom; however, when he was thirteen (nine years after Harry's death), Bloom's mother revealed to him that his biological father was actually Colin Stone, his mother's partner and family friend.^[3][4][5] Stone, the principal of the Concorde International language school,^[6] was made Orlando Bloom's legal guardian after Harry Bloom's death.^[5] Bloom is named after the 16th century composer Orlando Gibbons.^{[citation needed]}