Company name	Google Inc.
Company logo
Company type	Public (, )
Foundation	Menlo Park, California )}}

| founder = Sergey M. BrinLawrence E. Page | location_city = 1600 Amphitheatre Parkway, Mountain View, California | location_country = | area_served = Worldwide | key_people = Eric Schmidt(Chairman & CEO)Sergey M. Brin(Technology President)Lawrence E. Page(Products President) | industry = Internet, Computer software | products = See list of Google products. | revenue = US$23.651 billion (2009) | operating_income = US$8.312 billion (2009) | company_slogan = Don't be evil | homepage = Google.com | intl = yes }}

Google Inc. is an American multinational public corporation invested in Internet search, cloud computing, and advertising technologies. Google hosts and develops a number of Internet-based services and products, and generates profit primarily from advertising through its AdWords program. The company was founded by Larry Page and Sergey Brin, often dubbed the "Google Guys", while the two were attending Stanford University as Ph.D. candidates. It was first incorporated as a privately held company on September 4, 1998, and its initial public offering followed on August 19, 2004. The company's stated mission from the outset was "to organize the world's information and make it universally accessible and useful", and the company's unofficial slogan coined by Google engineer Paul Buchheit is "Don't be evil". In 2006, the company moved to their current headquarters in Mountain View, California.

Google runs over one million servers in data centers around the world, and processes over one billion search requests and about twenty-four petabytes of user-generated data every day. Google's rapid growth since its incorporation has triggered a chain of products, acquisitions, and partnerships beyond the company's core web search engine. The company offers online productivity software, such as its Gmail email software, and social networking tools, including Orkut and, more recently, Google Buzz. Google's products extend to the desktop as well, with applications such as the web browser Google Chrome, the Picasa photo organization and editing software, and the Google Talk instant messaging application. Notably, Google leads the development of the Android mobile phone operating system, used on a number of phones such as the Nexus One and Motorola Droid. Alexa lists the main U.S.-focused google.com site as the Internet's most visited website, and numerous international Google sites (google.co.in, google.co.uk etc.) are in the top hundred, as are several other Google-owned sites such as YouTube, Blogger, and Orkut. Google is also BrandZ's most powerful brand in the world. The dominant market position of Google's services has led to criticism of the company over issues including privacy, copyright, and censorship.

History

, the language for designing web pages.|alt=Google's homepage in 1998]] Google began in January 1996 as a research project by Larry Page and Sergey Brin when they were both PhD students at Stanford University in California. They called this new technology PageRank, where a website's relevance was determined by the number of pages, and the importance of those pages, that linked back to the original site.

A small search engine called "RankDex" from IDD Information Services designed by Robin Li was, since 1996, already exploring a similar strategy for site-scoring and page ranking. The technology in RankDex would be patented and used later when Li founded Baidu in China.

Page and Brin originally nicknamed their new search engine "BackRub", because the system checked backlinks to estimate the importance of a site.

Eventually, they changed the name to Google, originating from a misspelling of the word "googol", the number one followed by one hundred zeros, which was picked to signify that the search engine wants to provide large quantities of information for people. Originally, Google ran under the Stanford University website, with the domain google.stanford.edu.

The domain name for Google was registered on September 15, 1997, and the company was incorporated on September 4, 1998. It was based in a friend's (Susan Wojcicki

Financing and initial public offering

The first funding for Google was an August 1998 contribution of from Andy Bechtolsheim, co-founder of Sun Microsystems, given before Google was even incorporated. Early in 1999, while still graduate students, Brin and Page decided that the search engine they had developed was taking up too much of their time from academic pursuits. They went to Excite CEO George Bell and offered to sell it to him for $1 million. He rejected the offer, and later criticized Vinod Khosla, one of Excite's venture capitalists, after he had negotiated Brin and Page down to $750,000. On June 7, 1999, a $25 million round of funding was announced, with major investors including the venture capital firms Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers and Sequoia Capital. Shares were sold in a unique online auction format using a system built by Morgan Stanley and Credit Suisse, underwriters for the deal. The sale of $1.67 billion gave Google a market capitalization of more than $23 billion. The vast majority of the 271 million shares remained under the control of Google, and many Google employees became instant paper millionaires. Yahoo!, a competitor of Google, also benefited because it owned 8.4 million shares of Google before the IPO took place.

Some people speculated that Google's IPO would inevitably lead to changes in company culture. Reasons ranged from shareholder pressure for employee benefit reductions to the fact that many company executives would become instant paper millionaires. As a reply to this concern, co-founders Sergey Brin and Larry Page promised in a report to potential investors that the IPO would not change the company's culture. In 2005, however, articles in The New York Times and other sources began suggesting that Google had lost its anti-corporate, no evil philosophy. In an effort to maintain the company's unique culture, Google designated a Chief Culture Officer, who also serves as the Director of Human Resources. The purpose of the Chief Culture Officer is to develop and maintain the culture and work on ways to keep true to the core values that the company was founded on: a flat organization with a collaborative environment. Google has also faced allegations of sexism and ageism from former employees.

The stock's performance after the IPO went well, with shares hitting $700 for the first time on October 31, 2007, primarily because of strong sales and earnings in the online advertising market. The surge in stock price was fueled mainly by individual investors, as opposed to large institutional investors and mutual funds. The next year, against Page and Brin's initial opposition toward an advertising-funded search engine, Google began selling advertisements associated with search keywords. When the company changed names to Overture Services, it sued Google over alleged infringements of the company's pay-per-click and bidding patents. Overture Services would later be bought by Yahoo! and renamed Yahoo! Search Marketing. The case was then settled out of court, with Google agreeing to issue shares of common stock to Yahoo! in exchange for a perpetual license.

During this time, Google was granted a patent describing its PageRank mechanism. The patent was officially assigned to Stanford University and lists Lawrence Page as the inventor. In 2003, after outgrowing two other locations, the company leased its current office complex from Silicon Graphics at 1600 Amphitheatre Parkway in Mountain View, California. The complex has since come to be known as the Googleplex, a play on the word googolplex, the number one followed by a googol zeroes. Three years later, Google would buy the property from SGI for $319 million. By that time, the name "Google" had found its way into everyday language, causing the verb "google" to be added to the Merriam Webster Collegiate Dictionary and the Oxford English Dictionary, denoted as "to use the Google search engine to obtain information on the Internet."

Acquisitions and partnerships

Since 2001, Google has acquired many companies, mainly focusing on small venture capital companies. In 2004, Google acquired Keyhole, Inc. The start-up company developed a product called Earth Viewer that gave a 3-D view of the Earth. Google renamed the service to Google Earth in 2005. Two years later, Google bought the online video site YouTube for $1.65 billion in stock. On April 13, 2007, Google reached an agreement to acquire DoubleClick for $3.1 billion, giving Google valuable relationships that DoubleClick had with Web publishers and advertising agencies. Later that same year, Google purchased GrandCentral for $50 million. The site would later be changed over to Google Voice. On August 5, 2009, Google bought out its first public company, purchasing video software maker On2 Technologies for $106.5 million. Google also acquired Aardvark, a social network search engine, for $50 million. Google commented in their internal blog, "we're looking forward to collaborating to see where we can take it". And, in April 2010, Google announced it had acquired a hardware startup, Agnilux.

In addition to the numerous companies Google has purchased, the company has partnered with other organizations for everything from research to advertising. In 2005, Google partnered with NASA Ames Research Center to build of offices. The offices would be used for research projects involving large-scale data management, nanotechnology, distributed computing, and the entrepreneurial space industry. Later that year, Google entered into a partnership with Sun Microsystems in October 2005 to help share and distribute each other's technologies. The company also partnered with AOL of Time Warner, to enhance each other's video search services. Google's 2005 partnerships also included financing the new .mobi top-level domain for mobile devices, along with other companies including Microsoft, Nokia, and Ericsson. Google would later launch "Adsense for Mobile", taking advantage of the emerging mobile advertising market. Increasing their advertising reach even further, Google and Fox Interactive Media of News Corp. entered into a $900 million agreement to provide search and advertising on popular social networking site MySpace.

In October 2006, Google announced that it had acquired the video-sharing site YouTube for US$1.65 billion in Google stock, and the deal was finalized on November 13, 2006. Google does not provide detailed figures for YouTube's running costs, and YouTube's revenues in 2007 were noted as "not material" in a regulatory filing. In June 2008, a Forbes magazine article projected the 2008 YouTube revenue at US$200 million, noting progress in advertising sales. In 2007, Google began sponsoring NORAD Tracks Santa, a service that pretends to follow Santa Claus' progress on Christmas Eve, using Google Earth to "track Santa" in 3-D for the first time, and displacing former sponsor AOL. Google-owned YouTube gave NORAD Tracks Santa its own channel.

In 2008, Google developed a partnership with GeoEye to launch a satellite providing Google with high-resolution (0.41 m monochrome, 1.65 m color) imagery for Google Earth. The satellite was launched from Vandenberg Air Force Base on September 6, 2008. Google also announced in 2008 that it was hosting an archive of Life Magazine's photographs as part of its latest partnership. Some of the images in the archive were never published in the magazine. The photos were watermarked and originally had copyright notices posted on all photos, regardless of public domain status.

In 2010, Google Energy made its first investment in a renewable-energy project, putting up $38.8 million into two wind farms in North Dakota. The company announced the two locations will generate 169.5 megawatts of power, or enough to supply 55,000 homes. The farms, which were developed by NextEra Energy Resources, will reduce fossil fuel use in the region and return profits. NextEra Energy Resources sold Google a twenty percent stake in the project in order to get funding for project development. Also in 2010, Google purchased Global IP Solutions, a Norway based company that provides web-based teleconferencing and other related services. This acquisition will enable Google to add telephone-style services to its list of products. On May 27, 2010, Google announced it had also closed the acquisition of the mobile ad network, AdMob. This purchase occurred days after the Federal Trade Commission closed its investigation into the purchase. Google acquired the company for an undisclosed amount. In July 2010, Google signed an agreement with an Iowa wind farm to buy 114 megawatts of energy for 20 years.

Products and services

Advertising

Ninety-nine percent of Google's revenue is derived from its advertising programs. For the 2006 fiscal year, the company reported $10.492 billion in total advertising revenues and only $112 million in licensing and other revenues. Google has implemented various innovations in the online advertising market that helped make them one of the biggest brokers in the market. Using technology from the company DoubleClick, Google can determine user interests and target advertisements so they are relevant to their context and the user that is viewing them. Google Analytics allows website owners to track where and how people use their website, for example by examining click rates for all the links on a page. Google advertisements can be placed on third-party websites in a two-part program. Google's AdWords allows advertisers to display their advertisements in the Google content network, through either a cost-per-click or cost-per-view scheme. The sister service, Google AdSense, allows website owners to display these advertisements on their website, and earn money every time ads are clicked.

One of the disadvantages and criticisms of this program is Google's inability to combat click fraud, when a person or automated script "clicks" on advertisements without being interested in the product, to earn money for the website owner. Industry reports in 2006 claim that approximately 14 to 20 percent of clicks were in fact fraudulent or invalid. Furthermore, there has been controversy over Google's "search within a search", where a secondary search box enables the user to find what they are looking for within a particular website. It was soon reported that when performing a search within a search for a specific company, advertisements from competing and rival companies often showed up along with those results, drawing users away from the site they were originally searching. Another complaint against Google's advertising is their censorship of advertisers, though many cases concern compliance with the Digital Millennium Copyright Act. For example, in February 2003, Google stopped showing the advertisements of Oceana, a non-profit organization protesting a major cruise ship's sewage treatment practices. Google cited its editorial policy at the time, stating "Google does not accept advertising if the ad or site advocates against other individuals, groups, or organizations." The policy was later changed. In June 2008, Google reached an advertising agreement with Yahoo!, which would have allowed Yahoo! to feature Google advertisements on their web pages. The alliance between the two companies was never completely realized due to antitrust concerns by the U.S. Department of Justice. As a result, Google pulled out of the deal in November 2008.

In an attempt to advertise its own products, Google launched a website called Demo Slam, developed to demonstrate technology demos of Google products. Each week, two teams compete at putting Google's technology into new contexts. Search Engine Journal said Demo Slam is "a place where creative and tech-savvy people can create videos to help the rest of the world understand all the newest and greatest technology out there."

Search engine

Google Search, a web search engine, is the company's most popular service. According to market research published by comScore in November 2009, Google is the dominant search engine in the United States market, with a market share of 65.6%. Google indexes billions of web pages, so that users can search for the information they desire, through the use of keywords and operators. Despite its popularity, it has received criticism from a number of organizations. In 2003, The New York Times complained about Google's indexing, claiming that Google's caching of content on their site infringed on their copyright for the content. In this case, the United States District Court of Nevada ruled in favor of Google in Field v. Google and Parker v. Google. Furthermore, the publication has compiled a list of words that the web giant's new instant search feature will not search. Google Watch has also criticized Google's PageRank algorithms, saying that they discriminate against new websites and favor established sites, and has made allegations about connections between Google and the NSA and the CIA. Despite criticism, the basic search engine has spread to specific services as well, including an image search engine, the Google News search site, Google Maps, and more. In early 2006, the company launched Google Video, which allowed users to upload, search, and watch videos from the Internet. In 2009, however, uploads to Google Video were discontinued so that Google could focus more on the search aspect of the service. The company even developed Google Desktop, a desktop search application used to search for files local to one's computer. Google's most recent development in search is their partnership with the United States Patent and Trademark Office to create Google Patents, which enables free access to information about patents and trademarks.

One of the more controversial search services Google hosts is Google Books. The company began scanning books and uploading limited previews, and full books where allowed, into their new book search engine. The Authors Guild, a group that represents 8,000 U.S. authors, filed a class action suit in a Manhattan federal court against Google in 2005 over this new service. Google replied that it is in compliance with all existing and historical applications of copyright laws regarding books. Google eventually reached a revised settlement in 2009 to limit its scans to books from the U.S., the U.K., Australia and Canada. Furthermore, the Paris Civil Court ruled against Google in late 2009, asking them to remove the works of La Martinière (Éditions du Seuil) from their database. In competition with Amazon.com, Google plans to sell digital versions of new books. Similarly, in response to newcomer Bing, on July 21, 2010, Google updated their image search to display a streaming sequence of thumbnails that enlarge when pointed at. Though web searches still appear in a batch per page format, on July 23, 2010, dictionary definitions for certain English words began appearing above the linked results for web searches.

Productivity tools

In addition to its standard web search services, Google has released over the years a number of online productivity tools. Gmail, a free webmail service provided by Google, was launched as an invitation-only beta program on April 1, 2004, The service was upgraded from beta status on July 7, 2009, at which time it had 146 million users monthly. The service would be the first online email service with one gigabyte of storage, and the first to keep emails from the same conversation together in one thread, similar to an Internet forum. The service currently offers over 7400 MB of free storage with additional storage ranging from 20 GB to 16 TB available for per 1 GB per year. Furthermore, software developers know Gmail for its pioneering use of AJAX, a programming technique that allows web pages to be interactive without refreshing the browser. One criticism of Gmail has been the potential for data disclosure, a risk associated with many online web applications. Steve Ballmer (Microsoft's CEO), Liz Figueroa, Mark Rasch, and the editors of Google Watch believe the processing of email message content goes beyond proper use, but Google claims that mail sent to or from Gmail is never read by a human being beyond the account holder, and is only used to improve relevance of advertisements.

Google Docs, another part of Google's productivity suite, allows users to create, edit, and collaborate on documents in an online environment, not dissimilar to Microsoft Word. The service was originally called Writely, but was obtained by Google on March 9, 2006, where it was released as an invitation-only preview. On June 6 after the acquisition, Google created an experimental spreadsheet editing program, which would be combined with Google Docs on October 10. A program to edit presentations would complete the set on September 17, 2007, before all three services were taken out of beta along with Gmail, Google Calendar and all products from the Google Apps Suite on July 7, 2009.

Another one of Google's enterprise products is Google Apps Premier Edition. The service, and its accompanying Google Apps Education Edition and Standard Edition, allow companies, schools, and other organizations to bring Google's online applications, such as Gmail and Google Documents, into their own domain. The Premier Edition specifically includes extras over the Standard Edition such as more disk space, API access, and premium support, and it costs $50 per user per year. A large implementation of Google Apps with 38,000 users is at Lakehead University in Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada. In the same year Google Apps was launched, Google acquired Postini and proceeded to integrate the company's security technologies into Google Apps under the name Google Postini Services.

Other products

Google Translate is a server-side machine translation service, which can translate between 35 different languages. Browser extensions allow for easy access to Google Translate from the browser. The software uses corpus linguistics techniques, where the program "learns" from professionally translated documents, specifically United Nations and European Parliament proceedings. Furthermore, a "suggest a better translation" feature accompanies the translated text, allowing users to indicate where the current translation is incorrect or otherwise inferior to another translation.

Google launched its Google News service in 2002. The site proclaimed that the company had created a "highly unusual" site that "offers a news service compiled solely by computer algorithms without human intervention. Google employs no editors, managing editors, or executive editors." The site hosted less licensed news content than Yahoo! News, and instead presented topically selected links to news and opinion pieces along with reproductions of their headlines, story leads, and photographs. The photographs are typically reduced to thumbnail size and placed next to headlines from other news sources on the same topic in order to minimize copyright infringement claims. Nevertheless, Agence France Presse sued Google for copyright infringement in federal court in the District of Columbia, a case which Google settled for an undisclosed amount in a pact that included a license of the full text of AFP articles for use on Google News.

In 2006, Google made a bid to offer free wireless broadband access throughout the city of San Francisco in conjunction with Internet service provider EarthLink. Large telecommunications companies such as Comcast and Verizon opposed such efforts, claiming it was "unfair competition" and that cities would be violating their commitments to offer local monopolies to these companies. In his testimony before Congress on network neutrality in 2006, Google's Chief Internet Evangelist Vint Cerf blamed such tactics on the fact that nearly half of all consumers lack meaningful choice in broadband providers. Google currently offers free wi-fi access in its hometown of Mountain View, California.

One year later, reports surfaced that Google was planning the release of its own mobile phone, possibly a competitor to Apple's iPhone. The project, called Android, turned out not to be a phone but an operating system for mobile devices, which Google acquired and then released as an open source project under the Apache 2.0 license. Google provides a software development kit for developers so applications can be created to be run on Android-based phone. In September 2008, T-Mobile released the G1, the first Android-based phone. More than a year later on January 5, 2010, Google released an Android phone under its own company name called the Nexus One.

Other projects Google has worked on include a new collaborative communication service, a web browser, and even a mobile operating system. The first of these was first announced on May 27, 2009. Google Wave was described as a product that helps users communicate and collaborate on the web. The service is Google's "email redesigned", with realtime editing, the ability to embed audio, video, and other media, and extensions that further enhance the communication experience. Google Wave was previously in a developer's preview, where interested users had to be invited to test the service, but was released to the general public on May 19, 2010, at Google's I/O keynote. On September 1, 2008, Google pre-announced the upcoming availability of Google Chrome, an open source web browser, which was then released on September 2, 2008. The next year, on 7 July 2009, Google announced Google Chrome OS, an open source Linux-based operating system that includes only a web browser and is designed to log users into their Google account.

Corporate affairs and culture

with Sergey Brin and Larry Page (left to right)|alt=Eric Schmidt, Sergey Brin, and Larry Page sitting together]] Google is known for having an informal corporate culture. On Fortune magazine's list of best companies to work for, Google ranked first in 2007 and 2008 and fourth in 2009 and 2010. Google was also nominated in 2010 to be the world’s most attractive employer to graduating students in the Universum Communications talent attraction index. Google's corporate philosophy embodies such casual principles as "you can make money without doing evil," "you can be serious without a suit," and "work should be challenging and the challenge should be fun."

Employees

.]] Google's stock performance following its IPO has enabled many early employees to be competitively compensated. After the company's IPO, founders Sergey Brin and Larry Page and CEO Eric Schmidt requested that their base salary be cut to $1. Subsequent offers by the company to increase their salaries have been turned down, primarily because their main compensation continues to come from owning stock in Google. Prior to 2004, Schmidt was making $250,000 per year, and Page and Brin each earned a salary of $150,000.

In 2007 and through early 2008, Google has seen the departure of several top executives. In October 2007, former chief financial officer of YouTube Gideon Yu joined Facebook along with Benjamin Ling, a high-ranking engineer. In March 2008, Sheryl Sandburg, then vice-president of global online sales and operations, began her position as chief operating officer of Facebook while Ash ElDifrawi, formerly head of brand advertising, left to become chief marketing officer of Netshops, an online retail company that was renamed Hayneedle in 2009.

As a motivation technique, Google uses a policy often called Innovation Time Off, where Google engineers are encouraged to spend 20% of their work time on projects that interest them. Some of Google's newer services, such as Gmail, Google News, Orkut, and AdSense originated from these independent endeavors. In a talk at Stanford University, Marissa Mayer, Google's Vice President of Search Products and User Experience, showed that half of all new product launches at the time had originated from the Innovation Time Off.

Googleplex

, Google's original and largest corporate campus|alt=The Googleplex]] Google's headquarters in Mountain View, California is referred to as "the Googleplex", a play on words on the number googolplex and the headquarters itself being a complex of buildings. The lobby is decorated with a piano, lava lamps, old server clusters, and a projection of search queries on the wall. The hallways are full of exercise balls and bicycles. Each employee has access to the corporate recreation center. Recreational amenities are scattered throughout the campus and include a workout room with weights and rowing machines, locker rooms, washers and dryers, a massage room, assorted video games, table football, a baby grand piano, a pool table, and ping pong. In addition to the rec room, there are snack rooms stocked with various foods and drinks. In 2006, Google moved into of office space in New York City, at 111 Eighth Ave. in Manhattan. The office was specially designed and built for Google, and it now houses its largest advertising sales team, which has been instrumental in securing large partnerships. By late 2006, Google also established a new headquarters for its AdWords division in Ann Arbor, Michigan. Furthermore, Google has offices all around the world, and in the United States, including Atlanta, Austin, Boulder, San Francisco, Seattle, and Washington DC.

Google is taking steps to ensure that their operations are environmentally sound. In October 2006, the company announced plans to install thousands of solar panels to provide up to 1.6 megawatts of electricity, enough to satisfy approximately 30% of the campus' energy needs. The system will be the largest solar power system constructed on a U.S. corporate campus and one of the largest on any corporate site in the world. The idea of trimming lawns using goats originated from R. J. Widlar, an engineer who worked for National Semiconductor. Despite this, Google has faced accusations in Harper's Magazine of being extremely excessive with their energy usage, and were accused of employing their "Don't be evil" motto as well as their very public energy saving campaigns as means of trying to cover up or make up for the massive amounts of energy their servers actually require.

Easter eggs and April Fools' Day jokes

Google has a tradition of creating April Fools' Day jokes. For example, Google MentalPlex allegedly featured the use of mental power to search the web. In 2007, Google announced a free Internet service called TiSP, or Toilet Internet Service Provider, where one obtained a connection by flushing one end of a fiber-optic cable down their toilet. Also in 2007, Google's Gmail page displayed an announcement for Gmail Paper, allowing users to have email messages printed and shipped to them. In 2010, Google jokingly changed its company name to Topeka in honor of Topeka, Kansas, whose mayor actually changed the city's name to Google for a short amount of time in an attempt to sway Google's decision in its new Google Fiber Project.

In addition to April Fools' Day jokes, Google's services contain a number of Easter eggs. For instance, Google included the Swedish Chef's "Bork bork bork," Pig Latin, "Hacker" or leetspeak, Elmer Fudd, and Klingon as language selections for its search engine. In addition, the search engine calculator provides the Answer to the Ultimate Question of Life, the Universe, and Everything from Douglas Adams' The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy. Furthermore, when searching the word "recursion", the spell-checker's result for the properly spelled word is exactly the same word, creating a recursive link. Likewise, when searching for the word "anagram," meaning a rearrangement of letters from one word to form other valid words, Google's suggestion feature displays "Did you mean: nag a ram?" In Google Maps, searching for directions between places separated by large bodies of water, such as Los Angeles and Tokyo, results in instructions to "kayak across the Pacific Ocean." During FIFA World Cup 2010, search queries like "World Cup", "FIFA", etc. will cause the "Goooo...gle" page indicator at the bottom of every result page to read "Goooo...al!" instead.

Philanthropy

In 2004, Google formed the not-for-profit philanthropic Google.org, with a start-up fund of $1 billion. The mission of the organization is to create awareness about climate change, global public health, and global poverty. One of its first projects was to develop a viable plug-in hybrid electric vehicle that can attain 100 miles per gallon. Google hired Dr. Larry Brilliant as the program's executive director in 2004 and the current director is Megan Smith.

In 2008 Google announced its "project 10¹⁰⁰" which accepted ideas for how to help the community and then allowed Google users to vote on their favorites. After two years of silence, during which many wondered what had happened to the program, Google revealed the winners of the project, giving a total of ten million dollars to various ideas ranging from non-profit organizations that promote education to a website that intends to make all legal documents public and online.

Network neutrality

Google is a noted supporter of network neutrality. According to Google's Guide to Net Neutrality:

Network neutrality is the principle that Internet users should be in control of what content they view and what applications they use on the Internet. The Internet has operated according to this neutrality principle since its earliest days... Fundamentally, net neutrality is about equal access to the Internet. In our view, the broadband carriers should not be permitted to use their market power to discriminate against competing applications or content. Just as telephone companies are not permitted to tell consumers who they can call or what they can say, broadband carriers should not be allowed to use their market power to control activity online.

On February 7, 2006, Vint Cerf, a co-inventor of the Internet Protocol (IP), and current Vice President and "Chief Internet Evangelist" at Google, in testimony before Congress, said, "allowing broadband carriers to control what people see and do online would fundamentally undermine the principles that have made the Internet such a success."

Privacy

Eric Schmidt, Google’s chief executive, said 2007 in an interview with the Financial Times: "The goal is to enable Google users to be able to ask the question such as ‘What shall I do tomorrow?’ and ‘What job shall I take?'". Schmidt reaffirmed this 2010 in an interview with the Wall Street Journal: "I actually think most people don't want Google to answer their questions, they want Google to tell them what they should be doing next."

On December 2009, Google's CEO, Eric Schmidt, declared after privacy concerns: "If you have something that you don't want anyone to know, maybe you shouldn't be doing it in the first place. If you really need that kind of privacy, the reality is that search engines — including Google — do retain this information for some time and it's important, for example, that we are all subject in the United States to the Patriot Act and it is possible that all that information could be made available to the authorities." Privacy International ranked Google as "Hostile to Privacy", its lowest rating on their report, making Google the only company in the list to receive that ranking.

At the Techonomy conference in 2010 Eric Schmidt predicted that "true transparency and no anonymity" is the way forward for the internet: "In a world of asynchronous threats it is too dangerous for there not to be some way to identify you. We need a [verified] name service for people. Governments will demand it." He also said that "If I look at enough of your messaging and your location, and use artificial intelligence, we can predict where you are going to go. Show us 14 photos of yourself and we can identify who you are. You think you don't have 14 photos of yourself on the internet? You've got Facebook photos!"

The non-profit group Public Information Research launched Google Watch, a website advertised as "a look at Google's monopoly, algorithms, and privacy issues." The site raised questions relating to Google's storage of cookies, which in 2007 had a life span of more than 32 years and incorporated a unique ID that enabled creation of a user data log. Google's has also faced criticism with its release of Google Buzz, Google's version of social networking, where Gmail users had their contact lists automatically made public unless they opted out. Google has been criticized for its censorship of certain sites in specific countries and regions. Until March 2010, Google adhered to the Internet censorship policies of China, enforced by means of filters known colloquially as "The Great Firewall of China". There were reports in 2010 from leaked diplomatic cables that the Chinese Politburo had hacked into Google's computers as part of a worldwide coordinated campaign of computer sabotage carried out by "government operatives, private security experts and Internet outlaws recruited by the Chinese government."

Despite being highly influential in local and national public policy, Google does not disclose its political spending online. In August of 2010, New York City Public Advocate Bill de Blasio launched a national campaign urging the corporation to disclose all of its political spending.

During 2006-2010 Google Streetview camera cars collected about 600 gigabytes of data from users of unencrypted public and private Wi-Fi networks in more than 30 countries. No disclosures nor privacy policy was given to those affected, nor to the owners of the Wi-Fi stations. A Google representative claimed that they were not aware of their own data collection activities until an inquiry from German regulators was received, and that none of this data was used in Google's search engine or other services. A representative of Consumer Watchdog replied, "Once again, Google has demonstrated a lack of concern for privacy. Its computer engineers run amok, push the envelope and gather whatever data they can until their fingers are caught in the cookie jar." In a sign that legal penalties may result, Google said it will not destroy the data until permitted by regulators.

See also

Criticism of Google

Gayglers - LGBT employee group

Googlebot – web crawler

Google China

Google Ventures – venture capital fund

Google logo

Google platform

Google The Thinking Factory (film)

Google Behind the Screen (film)

Planet Google (book)

References

Further reading

External links

Google.com

Corporate Homepage

Official Google Blog

Google Research

Google website from 11 November 1998 -Internet Archive

Category:Cloud computing providers Category:Companies based in Mountain View, California Category:Companies established in 1998 Category:Human–computer interaction Category:Internet companies of the United States Category:Internet properties established in 1998 Category:Web service providers Category:Websites by company Category:World Wide Web Category:1998 establishments in the United States

Name	Sergey Brin
Birth name	Sergey Mikhaylovich Brin
Birth date	August 21, 1973
Birth place	Moscow, Soviet Union
Residence	Los Altos Hills, California
Nationality	American
Citizenship	Soviet (1973-1979) American (from 1979)
Education	Univ. of Maryland (B.S., 1993) Stanford University (M.S., 1995)
Alma mater	University of Maryland Stanford University
Occupation	Computer scientist, technology innovator, entrepreneur
Known for	Co-founder of Google, Inc.
Networth	US$15 billion (2010)
Salary	USD free of wage (2008)
Spouse	Anne Wojcicki who, along with Larry Page, is best known as the co-founder of Google, Inc., the world’s largest Internet company, based on its search engine and online advertising technology.
Name	Brin, Sergey
Alternative names	Брин, Сергей
Short description	Co-Founder of Google
Date of birth	August 21, 1973
Place of birth	Moscow

Category:1973 births Category:American billionaires Category:American computer scientists Category:American Jews Category:Businesspeople in software Category:Google employees Category:Living people Category:Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering Category:Naturalized citizens of the United States Category:People from Moscow Category:People from Prince George's County, Maryland Category:People from the San Francisco Bay Area Category:American people of Russian-Jewish descent Category:Russian Jews Category:American people of Russian descent Category:Russian businesspeople Category:Russian inventors Category:Silicon Valley people Category:Soviet immigrants to the United States Category:Stanford University alumni Category:University of Maryland, College Park alumni Category:WEF YGL honorees

Name	Denise Ho
Tradchinesename	何韻詩
Simpchinesename	何韵诗
Pinyinchinesename	hé yùnshī
Jyutpingchinesename	ho4 wan5 see1
Ancestry	Shunde, Guangdong
Origin	Hong Kong
Birthdate	May 10, 1977
Birthplace	Hong Kong
Othername	HOCC, CC,GOO
Occupation	Singer and actress
Genre	Cantopop
Label	East Asia Music (2004–present)EMI (2002–2004)Capital Artists (1996–2001)
Yearsactive	1996–present
Website
Ntsawards	1996 Winner

Denise Ho Wan-See, also known as HOCC, is a famous Hong Kong Cantopop singer.

Biography

1996-2001

Denise Ho was born in Hong Kong and received her education in Canada and Diocesan Girls' Junior School, Hong Kong. She emigrated with her family to Montreal, Quebec at the age of 11. She studied and graduated High School (Grade 7 to 11) at Collège Jean de la Mennais. Her music career was launched in 1996, after she won the 15th New Talent Singing Awards. Her victory not only earned her a recording contract with Capital Artists Limited (華星唱片) but also a chance to become the only female apprentice of her childhood idol, Anita Mui. Her debut EP, first., came 5 years after her victory. During her 5 year wait, she went on tour with Anita Mui as a background singer and hosted various TV shows produced by TVB.

2002

After Capital Artists closed, Denise Ho joined EMI in 2002. Although she was only with the company for a brief 2 years period, but it is during this time that her music talents flourished. She teamed up with Ying C Foo (英師傅) for her first EMI label release, hocc² (EP). The song "Angel Blues" (天使藍), composed by Ho herself, not only reached top spots on music charts, but according to Ho, it is also her "growing up" song. Another single in the EP, "Rosemary" (露絲瑪莉), written by Wyman Wong, created considerable controversies at the time, as it touched on the topic of lesbianism. This song also marked the beginning of Ho's series of songs containing gay themes. Following the success of "Rosemary" (露絲瑪莉), Ho continued the story of the two lovers in "Goodbye... Rosemary" (再見…露絲瑪莉) in her first full length album, free{love}.

2002 proved to be a successful year for Ho. The two singles "Angel Blues" (天使藍) and "Goodbye... Rosemary" (再見…露絲瑪莉) have won multiple music awards in Hong Kong, including CASH Golden Sail Music Awards (CASH金帆音樂獎) – “Best Vocal Performance By A Female Artist” for the song “Angel Blues”. In the same year, Ho won the recognizable "Female Singer Bronze Award" in the Commercial Radio Hong Kong Annual Awards (叱吒樂壇流行榜頒獎典禮).

2003-2004

In 2003 Denise Ho did a "Music is Live" concert with Andy Hui, who is also an apprentice of Anita Mui. Their performance won praise from the critics, and Ho proved to the audience her abilities to perform live as a musician. Later that year, Ho released her second full-length album Dress Me Up!. She was the credited as the producer of the album, indicating that Ho has finally gained full control over her music. In September 2003, Ho’s long time mentor, Anita Mui announced she was diagnosed with cervical cancer. Shortly after the announcement, Anita lost her battle against cervical cancer and died on December 30, 2003.

Between 2003 and 2004, Ho took on the role of hosting TVB's weekly live music show, Jade Solid Gold. In 2004, she appeared in Sammi Cheng's 2004 "Sammi vs. Sammi" concert as a cross-dressing cigarette-smoking admirer of Sammi. Ho's critically acclaimed performance in the short musical segment not only brought attention to the role she played, but also further established herself as a tremendous live performer.

2004-2005

In September, 2004, Denise Ho signed a contract with East Asia Music (東亞娛樂), the sister company of Amusic. The album Glamorous (艷光四射), which pays tribute to the superstars of the 80's, was released in January 2005. It also marked the start of a close collaboration between Denise and the Green Mountain Orchestra band (青山大樂隊). She was named the Orbis Student Ambassador 2005, and visited Hainan in July. In September 2005, Ho performed in the musical Butterfly Lovers (梁祝下世傳奇)as the leading actress, producer and musical director. Her album of the same name gave her three Number 1 singles - "Becoming a Butterfly" (化蝶), "Lawrence and Lewis" (勞斯．萊斯) and "Coffee in a Soda Bottle" (汽水樽裡的咖啡), which are all based on the story of the Butterfly Lovers, with possible homosexual themes. These singles helped her to receive the "Female Singer Silver Award" at Commercial Radio Hong Kong Annual Awards 2005 (叱吒樂壇流行榜頒獎典禮).

2006-2007

Denise Ho held her first Hong Kong Coliseum concert "Live in Unity 2006" on 26–28 October 2006. The concert was a great success and was positively received by the public. Ho decided to stage a second concert, "Live in Unity 2007", on 19–20 January 2007 following the original concert's success. Her single, We Stand As One, named after the slogan for the "Live in Unity" concerts, was released on January 11, 2007. Recordings of the concert were later released in February 2007. Ho then went on a worldwide tour, performing in Toronto, Canada and Atlantic City, U.S..

The significant public attention and positive reception to her music helped her garner the "Female Singer Gold Award" at the Commercial Radio Hong Kong Annual Awards 2006 (叱吒樂壇流行榜頒獎典禮). Ho also sang the Chinese version of Ayumi Hamasaki's song "Secret", known as "Wounded City Secret" (傷城秘密), for the 2006 movie Confession of Pain. She continued as the Orbis Student Ambassdor 2006 and visited Vietnam, and later started her own charitable fund.

2008-present

In 2008, a new album 《Ten Days in the Madhouse》released. She produced this album from the view point of society's outcasts and to raise awareness of mental health issues. She encourages people to understand and know more about people with mental illness and those are ex-mental ill and care about their needs and situation. Denise Ho encourage the communication between them and the public, ultimately, to achieve social harmony. Denise Ho delivers her most ambitious project yet with "Ten Days in the Madhouse" and released with a documentary by Hong Kong director Yan Yan Mak (Butterfly) and an exhibition for charity, Denise shows that a multimedia project by a musician can be about something more important than clothing tie-ins.

In 2009, she followed up her plan from late last year, and organized a free concert (a huge rarity in Hong Kong) called "Happiness is Free" in the outdoor courtyard in Diocesan Boys' School. She managed to book the place because her father was a teacher there. In June, she began the shooting of a new TV sitcom of TVB (titled "O.L. Supreme") with Liza Wang. In July, she released her new song "The Old Testament" (舊約) and announced that her concert with the theme "SUPERGOO" would be held during 9–12 October this year. Following the concert, Denise took on a role in the new stage comedy "Man and Woman, War and Peace"(男人與女人之戰爭與和平) directed by Edward Lam. The stage comedy was presented on 13–16 November at Kwai Tsing Theatre of Hong Kong.

In 2010, she started the filming for the new movie (奪命金) directed by Johnnie To. She also extends her presence in Taiwan by launching an intensive roadshow program with miniconcerts and interviews in key regions of Taiwan such as Taipei, Kaoshiung etc. In September her first Taiwanese album (無名．詩) was officially released in Taiwan and Hong Kong. After having spent most of her effort in Taiwan and China, her 'Homecoming' concert will be held in Hong Kong during 23–25 December 2010.

Discography

2001 - first. (EP)

2002 - hocc² (EP)

2002 - free {love}

2003 - Roundup (Compilation)

2003 - Music is Live 03 Andy Hui X Denise Ho (許志安 X 何韻詩 2人交叉組合拉闊03) (Live Album)

2003 - Dress Me Up!

2004 - The Best of HOCC (Compilation)

2005 - Glamorous (艷光四射)

2005 - Butterfly Lovers (梁祝下世傳奇)

2006 - Our Time Has Come (EP)

2006 - (最愛 何韻詩) (Compilation)

2007 - We Stand As One (Single)

2007 - HOCC Live In Unity 2006 (HOCC Live In Unity 2006 演唱會) (Live Album)

2007 - What Really Matters

2008 - Goomusic Collection 2004-2008 (Compilation)

2008 - Ten Days in the Madhouse

2009 - Heroes

2009 - HOCC Supergoo Live 2009 (HOCC Supergoo Live 2009 演唱會) (Live Album)

2010 - Poem and Nonsense 詩與胡說 (EP)

2010 - Unnamed.Poem 無名．詩 (full-length mandarin album)

Songs

The following are songs which have not appeared on any of Denise Ho's albums:

2003 - Fiery Fire (火紅火熱) (Miriam Yeung/Edmond Leung/Ronald Cheng/Denise Ho)

*From Ronald Cheng's album - 唔該， 救救我 “火紅火熱”版 (Please Help!!! - 2 AVCD Version)

2005 - I Am The Present (我是現在)

*From the Seoul Raiders Original Soundtrack

2009 - Shameless Love (愛無愧)

*Title Song from The Beauty of the Game

VCDs

2003 - Music is Live 03 Andy Hui X Denise Ho (許志安 X 何韻詩 2人交叉組合拉闊03)

2005 - Good Morning! Manhattan (早安啊! 曼克頓)

2005 - Butterfly Lovers - The Musical (梁祝下世傳奇 舞台劇)

2007 - HOCC Live In Unity 2006 - We Stand As One 演唱會 Live Karaoke

DVDs

2003 - Music is Live 03 Andy Hui X Denise Ho (許志安 X 何韻詩 2人交叉組合拉闊03)

2005 - Butterfly Lovers - The Musical (梁祝下世傳奇 舞台劇)

2007 - HOCC Live In Unity 2006 - We Stand As One 演唱會 Live Karaoke

2007 - Small Matters

2008 - The Decameron (十日談)

2009 - "Happiness is Free" Live (快樂是免費的 音樂會)

2009 - HOCC Supergoo Live 2009 Karaoke

Filmography

Film

1998 - Rumble Ages (烈火青春)

2000 - The Slayer of Demons (妖怪傳) - Voice only: Sakuya (聲演: 神木櫻夜)

2003 - 1:99

2003 - Naked Ambition (豪情)

2003 - Anna In Kungfuland (安娜與武林)

2003 - Hidden Track (尋找周杰倫)

2006 - Superstition

2007 - The Simpsons Movie (阿森一族大電影) - Hong Kong Voice only: Bart Simpson

2008 - Kung Fu Panda (功夫熊貓) - Hong Kong Voice only: Tigress

2009 - Look for a Star (游龍戲鳳)

2010 - 72 Tenants of Prosperity

2010 - Shares

2010 - Merry-Go-Round

TV series

1999 - Anti-Crime Squad (反黑先鋒) as 單解心

2005 - Henry Lau "To Russia with Love" Fashion Show

2010 - O.L. Supreme (女王辦公室) as Music Miu 繆惜之

Stage

2001 - This Summer This Moment (森美小儀歌劇團 - 十九樓1/2的夏天)

2003 - A Lover's Discourse (戀人論語 - 您愛我妳不愛我)

2003 - Camp David (森美小儀歌劇團 - 大衛營)

2003 - Music is Live 03 Andy Hui X Denise Ho (許志安 X 何韻詩 2人交叉組合拉闊03)

2004 - Good Morning! Manhattan (森美小儀歌劇團 - 早安啊! 曼克頓)

2005 - Butterfly Lovers - The Musical (梁祝下世傳奇 舞台劇)

2005 - Chivas 903 Wyman Wong A Man & A Pen Concert (芝華士903友情夾GIG 黃偉文 A Man & A Pen 音樂會)

2006 - One Living Planet Music United Live 06 (世界地球日音樂會06)

2006 - Moto 903 Music Playground - Anthony Wong X Denise Ho X Pixeltoy (Moto 903 新樂潮拜音樂會 第三潮 - 黃耀明 x 何韻詩 x Pixeltoy)

2006 - (新城原聚力音樂會)

2006 - HOCC Neway Clour Music Live 2006 (NCM!ive 向HOCC狂呼音樂會)

2006 - Music is Live Golden Ten (拉闊黃金十年音樂會)

2006 - Summer Sault charity variety show 06

2006 - HOCC Live in Unity 2006 (何韻詩二零零六演唱會)

2006 - World Children's Day Concert (麥當勞世界兒童日2006音樂會)

2006 - Our Golden Hits Concert (我們的世紀金曲演唱會)

2007 - HOCC Live in Unity 2007 (何韻詩二零零七演唱會)

2007 - Metro Media HOCC & special guests (新城何韻詩好友音樂會)

2007 - HOCC showcase 07 MUSIC MATTERS (25-26 Aug 07)

2009 - SUPERGOO 2009. SAVE THE WORLD, SAVE THE DATE. (何韻詩2009SUPERGOO演唱會光明會RETURNS. SAVE THE WORLD, SAVE THE DATE.)

2009 - Man and Woman, War and Peace (男人與女人之戰爭與和平)

Stage (as a guest)

2000 - Music is Live Eason & Friends (Eason & Friends拉闊音樂會)

2001 - Elva Hsiao Concert (蕭亞軒夏日的精彩演唱會)

2002 - Metro Media Eason & Girlfriends Mini Concert (新城唱好Eason & Girlfriends音樂會)

2004 - 903 Edison's Live (903陳冠希香港地夠膽死音樂會)

2004 - Sammi vs Sammi 2004 Concert (Sammi VS Sammi 2004 演唱會)

2005 - Wilfred Lau 903 Hit 4 On Fire 0813 Concert (劉浩龍 加州紅903熱火樂團音樂會)

2005 - Reflection of Joey's Live 2005 (容祖兒演唱會2005)

2007 - Show Mi Sammi Concert 2007 景福Show Mi 鄭秀文2007演唱會)

2007 - Lokamochi Mamiba (森美小儀歌劇團)

2008 - The 27th Hong Kong Film Awards Presentation Ceremony (第二十七屆香港電影金像獎頒獎典禮)

2009 - Sammi Love Mi World Tour Hong Kong (Love Mi 鄭秀文世界巡回演唱會 香港站)

Commercials

Ericsson R310sc (with Andy Lau): View

Neutrogena: View (2002)

Pepsi

Sony Walkman A Series: View in English / View in Chinese (2006)

Motorola Ming A1200: View Version 1 - 花見, View Version 2 - 光明會(2006)

Footnote

See also

Anita Mui

Cantopop

External links

Denise Ho's Official Blog

Denise Ho's Former Official Blog

Denise Ho's Official Twitter

Denise Ho's Chinese Lyrics

Goomusic official website

SUPERGOO LIVE VIDEO CHANNEL

Category:1977 births Category:Canadian actors of Asian descent Category:Canadian people of Chinese descent Category:Hong Kong singers Category:Hong Kong actors Category:Hong Kong immigrants to Canada Category:Living people Category:New Talent Singing Awards contestants Category:People from Montreal

Name	Gary Vaynerchuk
Caption	Gary Vaynerchuk
Birth date	November 14, 1975
Birth place	Babruysk, U.S.S.R.
Nationality	American
Notable works	Wine Library TV
Known for	wine education, wine criticism
Website	garyvaynerchuk.com

Gary Vaynerchuk (born November 14, 1975, in Babruysk, U.S.S.R., presently Belarus) is a video blogger, co-owner and director of operations of a wine retail store, and an author and public speaker on the subjects of social media, brand building and e-commerce. Vaynerchuk immigrated to the U.S. in 1978, and after graduating from Mount Ida College in Newton, MA, transformed his father's Springfield, NJ liquor store into the large scale retail wine store named Wine Library, and in 2006 started the video blog Wine Library TV, a daily internet webcast on the subject of wine, which launched his career of internet celebrity.

Reaction

Vaynerchuk's informal style, described as "unpretentious, gonzo approach to wine appreciation" is in contrast to conservative wine industry norms. Vaynerchuk refers to his followers as "Vayniacs" and "Vayner Nation". Conversely, his hyperactive on-screen delivery has caused criticism from some of the wine purist audience.

He has been featured in The Wall Street Journal, GQ, and Time, appeared on Late Night with Conan O'Brien and Ellen. Vaynerchuk has been described as "the first wine guru of the YouTube era", "the wine world's new superstar", and by Rob Newsom, a Washington State wine maker, "outside of Robert Parker, probably the most influential wine critic in the United States". In the July 2009 Decanter publication of "The Power List" ranking of the wine industry's individuals of influence, Vaynerchuk placed at number 40, citing that he "represents the power of blogging".

In August 2010 it was announced that Vaynerchuk will host a weekly, two hour call-in radio show titled Wine & Web with Gary Vaynerchuk on the digital radio station Sirius XM.

Wine Library TV

Wine Library TV (WLTV or The Thunder Show) (2006–present) is a video podcast hosted by Vaynerchuk, featuring wine reviews and advice on wine appreciation. Episodes consists of wine tastings along with other wine related topics. The show debuted on February 21, 2006, and is produced on a daily basis, on weekdays, and is taped in the Wine Library store in Springfield, NJ. Episodes taped Monday through Thursday take place on a desk in Vaynerchuk's office, normally tasting three or four wines, and the Friday episode takes place on Vaynerchuk's office couch, tasting usually only one wine and answering questions submitted via his Facebook application Ask Gary. The show may be watched by 90,000 viewers. Vaynerchuk appeared on the cover of the December 2008 issue of Mutineer Magazine, launching the "Mutineer Interview" series.

Vaynerchuk gives his impressions and finally rates wines using the 100 point scale. As an outspoken critic of numerical scores, he has acknowledged his hypocrisy in using them.

While typically a one man show, on occasion guests have been featured in the program. To date celebrity guests include Jancis Robinson,

Vaynerchuk has also announced a partnership with Eatdrinkordie.com, where he has released videos about wine, sometimes working with celebrities like Anna Faris.

In February 2009, Vaynerchuk launched Obsessed TV with partner Samantha Ettus. In March 2009, Wine Library TV was nominated in the Streamy Awards.

Crush It

In March 2009, Vaynerchuk signed a 10-book deal with HarperStudio for over $1,000,000 and released the first book, Crush It! Why Now is the Time to Cash in on your Passion, in October 2009. The deal is groundbreaking in the publishing world as one of the first attempts to successfully use a low-advance/high royalty business model. In the first weeks of its release Crush It climbed to #1 on the Amazon Best Seller list for Web Marketing books. It also opened at #2 on the New York Times bestseller list and #7 on the Wall Street Journal Bestseller List.

The book encourages people to determine what truly makes them happy and pursue monetizing around it on the internet. It argues that because of recent social and technological trends the cost of producing content has been driven low enough that passion, knowledge, and effort, which the book calls "sweat equity", are now all one needs to build a brand and business.

Crush It was also among the first books released on the Vook platform.

Awards and honors

2003: Market Watch magazine Business Award: "Market Watch Leader" (youngest recipient ever)

2006: People's Choice Vloggie in the categories of "Cooking" and "Instructional/Educational" 2007: American Wine Blog Awards, Best Wine Podcast or Videoblog 2007: The Morning News's "Favorite Web Phenomenon, Soon-to-Be Culinary Celebrity, Web Bucket-Spitter"

2008: Bravo A-List Awards, 2008 Nominee for A-List Celebrity

Bibliography

Gary Vaynerchuk's 101 Wines: Guaranteed to Inspire, Delight, and Bring Thunder to Your World (2008)

Crush It!: Why NOW Is the Time to Cash In on Your Passion (2009)

References

External links

Gary Vaynerchuk official site

Wine Library TV

Vaynermedia.com

Category:1975 births Category:Living people Category:People from Middlesex County, New Jersey Category:Wine critics Category:Video podcasts Category:American Jews Category:American people of Belarusian descent Category:Revision3 Category:American Internet personalities