Title	Radio
Caption	Classic radio receiver dial

Radio is the transmission of signals by modulation of electromagnetic waves with frequencies below those of visible light. At 9 pm on August 27, 1920, Sociedad Radio Argentina aired a live performance of Richard Wagner's Parsifal opera from the Coliseo Theater in downtown Buenos Aires. Only about twenty homes in the city had receivers to tune in this radio program. Meanwhile, regular entertainment broadcasts commenced in 1922 from the Marconi Research Centre at Writtle, England.

In 1943 the United States Supreme Court upheld Tesla's patent for radio, number 645,576 (1897), with the supreme court's justification that claim 16 in Marconi's related patent, number 763,772 (1904), contained nothing new not having been published earlier and registered by Tesla, Lodge, and others. After years of patent battles by Marconi's company, the United States Supreme Court, in the 1943 case "Marconi Wireless Telegraph co. of America v. United States", held regarding the priority of engineering advances concerning the invention of radio that "[but] it is now held that in the important advance upon his basic patent Marconi did nothing that had not already been seen and disclosed". The decision effectively awarded priority of the invention of radio to Tesla and his 1893 presentation in St. Louis. Although Marconi claimed that he had no knowledge of prior art taken from Tesla's patents, the supreme court considered his claim false. In addition to the June 21, 1943 ruling made by the supreme court, the United States Court of Claims also invalidated the fundamental Marconi patent earlier, in 1935. This case defined radio by the statement: "A radio communication system requires two tuned circuits each at the transmitter and receiver, all four tuned to the same frequency." Because Tesla's 1897 patent for radio was intended for general transmission of energy, the court determined that Tesla's patent clearly was the first to disclose a system which could be used for wireless communication of intelligible messages (such as human voice and music) and used the four-circuit tuned combination.

.]] One of the first developments in the early 20th century was that aircraft used commercial AM radio stations for navigation. This continued until the early 1960s when VOR systems finally became widespread (though AM stations are still marked on U.S. aviation charts). In the early 1930s, single sideband and frequency modulation were invented by amateur radio operators. By the end of the decade, they were established commercial modes. Radio was used to transmit pictures visible as television as early as the 1920s. Commercial television transmissions started in North America and Europe in the 1940s. In 1954, the Regency company introduced a pocket transistor radio, the TR-1, powered by a "standard 22.5 V Battery".

In 1960, the Sony company introduced its first transistorized radio. It was small enough to fit in a vest pocket, and able to be powered by a small battery. It was durable, because it had no vacuum tubes to burn out. Over the next 20 years, transistors replaced tubes almost completely except for very high-power transmitter uses. By 1963, color television was being regularly broadcast commercially (though not all broadcasts or programs were in color), and the first (radio) communication satellite, Telstar, was launched. In the late 1960s, the U.S. long-distance telephone network began to convert to a digital network, employing digital radios for many of its links. In the 1970s, LORAN became the premier radio navigation system. Soon, the U.S. Navy experimented with satellite navigation, culminating in the invention and launch of the GPS constellation in 1987. In the early 1990s, amateur radio experimenters began to use personal computers with audio cards to process radio signals. In 1994, the U.S. Army and DARPA launched an aggressive, successful project to construct a software-defined radio that can be programmed to be virtually any radio by changing its software program. Digital transmissions began to be applied to broadcasting in the late 1990s.

Uses of radio

Early uses were maritime, for sending telegraphic messages using Morse code between ships and land. The earliest users included the Japanese Navy scouting the Russian fleet during the Battle of Tsushima in 1905. One of the most memorable uses of marine telegraphy was during the sinking of the RMS Titanic in 1912, including communications between operators on the sinking ship and nearby vessels, and communications to shore stations listing the survivors.

Radio was used to pass on orders and communications between armies and navies on both sides in World War I; Germany used radio communications for diplomatic messages once it discovered that its submarine cables had been tapped by the British. The United States passed on President Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points to Germany via radio during the war. Broadcasting began from San Jose, California in 1909, and became feasible in the 1920s, with the widespread introduction of radio receivers, particularly in Europe and the United States. Besides broadcasting, point-to-point broadcasting, including telephone messages and relays of radio programs, became widespread in the 1920s and 1930s. Another use of radio in the pre-war years was the development of detection and locating of aircraft and ships by the use of radar (RAdio Detection And Ranging).

Today, radio takes many forms, including wireless networks and mobile communications of all types, as well as radio broadcasting. Before the advent of television, commercial radio broadcasts included not only news and music, but dramas, comedies, variety shows, and many other forms of entertainment (the era from 1930 to the mid-1950s is commonly called radio's "Golden Age"). Radio was unique among methods of dramatic presentation in that it used only sound. For more, see radio programming.

Audio

receiver from 1959.]] AM radio uses amplitude modulation, in which the amplitude of the transmitted signal is made proportional to the sound amplitude captured (transduced) by the microphone, while the transmitted frequency remains unchanged. Transmissions are affected by static and interference because lightning and other sources of radio emissions on the same frequency add their amplitudes to the original transmitted amplitude. In the early part of the 20th century, American AM radio stations broadcast with powers as high as 500 kW, and some could be heard worldwide; these stations' transmitters were commandeered for military use by the US Government during World War II. Currently, the maximum broadcast power for a civilian AM radio station in the United States and Canada is 50 kW, and the majority of stations that emit signals this powerful were grandfathered in (see List of 50kw AM radio stations in the USA). In 1986 KTNN received the last granted 50,000 watt license. These 50 kW stations are generally called "clear channel" stations (not to be confused with Clear Channel Communications), because within North America each of these stations has exclusive use of its broadcast frequency throughout part or all of the broadcast day.

, home of the BBC World Service.]]

FM broadcast radio sends music and voice with higher fidelity than AM radio. In frequency modulation, amplitude variation at the microphone causes the transmitter frequency to fluctuate. Because the audio signal modulates the frequency and not the amplitude, an FM signal is not subject to static and interference in the same way as AM signals. Due to its need for a wider bandwidth, FM is transmitted in the Very High Frequency (VHF, 30 MHz to 300 MHz) radio spectrum. VHF radio waves act more like light, traveling in straight lines; hence the reception range is generally limited to about 50–100 miles. During unusual upper atmospheric conditions, FM signals are occasionally reflected back towards the Earth by the ionosphere, resulting in long distance FM reception. FM receivers are subject to the capture effect, which causes the radio to only receive the strongest signal when multiple signals appear on the same frequency. FM receivers are relatively immune to lightning and spark interference.

High power is useful in penetrating buildings, diffracting around hills, and refracting in the dense atmosphere near the horizon for some distance beyond the horizon. Consequently, 100,000 watt FM stations can regularly be heard up to 100 miles (160 km) away, and farther (e.g., 150 miles, 240 km) if there are no competing signals. A few old, "grandfathered" stations do not conform to these power rules. WBCT-FM (93.7) in Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA, runs 320,000 watts ERP, and can increase to 500,000 watts ERP by the terms of its original license. Such a huge power level does not usually help to increase range as much as one might expect, because VHF frequencies travel in nearly straight lines over the horizon and off into space. Nevertheless, when there were fewer FM stations competing, this station could be heard near Bloomington, Illinois, USA, almost 300 miles (500 km) away.

FM subcarrier services are secondary signals transmitted in a "piggyback" fashion along with the main program. Special receivers are required to utilize these services. Analog channels may contain alternative programming, such as reading services for the blind, background music or stereo sound signals. In some extremely crowded metropolitan areas, the sub-channel program might be an alternate foreign language radio program for various ethnic groups. Sub-carriers can also transmit digital data, such as station identification, the current song's name, web addresses, or stock quotes. In some countries, FM radios automatically re-tune themselves to the same channel in a different district by using sub-bands.

Aviation voice radios use VHF AM. AM is used so that multiple stations on the same channel can be received. (Use of FM would result in stronger stations blocking out reception of weaker stations due to FM's capture effect). Aircraft fly high enough that their transmitters can be received hundreds of miles (or kilometres) away, even though they are using VHF.

Marine voice radios can use single sideband voice (SSB) in the shortwave High Frequency (HF—3 MHz to 30 MHz) radio spectrum for very long ranges or narrowband FM in the VHF spectrum for much shorter ranges. Narrowband FM sacrifices fidelity to make more channels available within the radio spectrum, by using a smaller range of radio frequencies, usually with five kHz of deviation, versus the 75 kHz used by commercial FM broadcasts, and 25 kHz used for TV sound.

Government, police, fire and commercial voice services also use narrowband FM on special frequencies. Early police radios used AM receivers to receive one-way dispatches.

Civil and military HF (high frequency) voice services use shortwave radio to contact ships at sea, aircraft and isolated settlements. Most use single sideband voice (SSB), which uses less bandwidth than AM. On an AM radio SSB sounds like ducks quacking, or the adults in a Charlie Brown cartoon. Viewed as a graph of frequency versus power, an AM signal shows power where the frequencies of the voice add and subtract with the main radio frequency. SSB cuts the bandwidth in half by suppressing the carrier and one of the sidebands. This also makes the transmitter about three times more powerful, because it doesn't need to transmit the unused carrier and sideband.

TETRA, Terrestrial Trunked Radio is a digital cell phone system for military, police and ambulances. Commercial services such as XM, WorldSpace and Sirius offer encrypted digital Satellite radio.

Telephony

Mobile phones transmit to a local cell site (transmitter/receiver) that ultimately connects to the public switched telephone network (PSTN) through an optic fiber or microwave radio and other network elements. When the mobile phone nears the edge of the cell site's radio coverage area, the central computer switches the phone to a new cell. Cell phones originally used FM, but now most use various digital modulation schemes. Recent developments in Sweden (such as DROPme) allow for the instant downloading of digital material from a radio broadcast (such as a song) to a mobile phone.

Satellite phones use satellites rather than cell towers to communicate.

Video

Television sends the picture as AM and the sound as AM or FM, with the sound carrier a fixed frequency (4.5 MHz in the NTSC system) away from the video carrier. Analog television also uses a vestigial sideband on the video carrier to reduce the bandwidth required.

Digital television uses 8VSB modulation in North America (under the ATSC digital television standard), and COFDM modulation elsewhere in the world (using the DVB-T standard). A Reed–Solomon error correction code adds redundant correction codes and allows reliable reception during moderate data loss. Although many current and future codecs can be sent in the MPEG transport stream container format, as of 2006 most systems use a standard-definition format almost identical to DVD: MPEG-2 video in Anamorphic widescreen and MPEG layer 2 (MP2) audio. High-definition television is possible simply by using a higher-resolution picture, but H.264/AVC is being considered as a replacement video codec in some regions for its improved compression. With the compression and improved modulation involved, a single "channel" can contain a high-definition program and several standard-definition programs.

Navigation

All satellite navigation systems use satellites with precision clocks. The satellite transmits its position, and the time of the transmission. The receiver listens to four satellites, and can figure its position as being on a line that is tangent to a spherical shell around each satellite, determined by the time-of-flight of the radio signals from the satellite. A computer in the receiver does the math.

Radio direction-finding is the oldest form of radio navigation. Before 1960 navigators used movable loop antennas to locate commercial AM stations near cities. In some cases they used marine radiolocation beacons, which share a range of frequencies just above AM radio with amateur radio operators. LORAN systems also used time-of-flight radio signals, but from radio stations on the ground. VOR (Very High Frequency Omnidirectional Range), systems (used by aircraft), have an antenna array that transmits two signals simultaneously. A directional signal rotates like a lighthouse at a fixed rate. When the directional signal is facing north, an omnidirectional signal pulses. By measuring the difference in phase of these two signals, an aircraft can determine its bearing or radial from the station, thus establishing a line of position. An aircraft can get readings from two VORs and locate its position at the intersection of the two radials, known as a "fix." When the VOR station is collocated with DME (Distance Measuring Equipment), the aircraft can determine its bearing and range from the station, thus providing a fix from only one ground station. Such stations are called VOR/DMEs. The military operates a similar system of navaids, called TACANs, which are often built into VOR stations. Such stations are called VORTACs. Because TACANs include distance measuring equipment, VOR/DME and VORTAC stations are identical in navigation potential to civil aircraft.

Radar

Radar (Radio Detection And Ranging) detects objects at a distance by bouncing radio waves off them. The delay caused by the echo measures the distance. The direction of the beam determines the direction of the reflection. The polarization and frequency of the return can sense the type of surface. Navigational radars scan a wide area two to four times per minute. They use very short waves that reflect from earth and stone. They are common on commercial ships and long-distance commercial aircraft.

General purpose radars generally use navigational radar frequencies, but modulate and polarize the pulse so the receiver can determine the type of surface of the reflector. The best general-purpose radars distinguish the rain of heavy storms, as well as land and vehicles. Some can superimpose sonar data and map data from GPS position.

Search radars scan a wide area with pulses of short radio waves. They usually scan the area two to four times a minute. Sometimes search radars use the Doppler effect to separate moving vehicles from clutter. Targeting radars use the same principle as search radar but scan a much smaller area far more often, usually several times a second or more. Weather radars resemble search radars, but use radio waves with circular polarization and a wavelength to reflect from water droplets. Some weather radar use the Doppler effect to measure wind speeds.

Data (digital radio)

Most new radio systems are digital, see also: Digital TV, Satellite Radio, Digital Audio Broadcasting. The oldest form of digital broadcast was spark gap telegraphy, used by pioneers such as Marconi. By pressing the key, the operator could send messages in Morse code by energizing a rotating commutating spark gap. The rotating commutator produced a tone in the receiver, where a simple spark gap would produce a hiss, indistinguishable from static. Spark-gap transmitters are now illegal, because their transmissions span several hundred megahertz. This is very wasteful of both radio frequencies and power.

The next advance was continuous wave telegraphy, or CW (Continuous Wave), in which a pure radio frequency, produced by a vacuum tube electronic oscillator was switched on and off by a key. A receiver with a local oscillator would "heterodyne" with the pure radio frequency, creating a whistle-like audio tone. CW uses less than 100 Hz of bandwidth. CW is still used, these days primarily by amateur radio operators (hams). Strictly, on-off keying of a carrier should be known as "Interrupted Continuous Wave" or ICW or on-off keying (OOK).

Radio teletypes usually operate on short-wave (HF) and are much loved by the military because they create written information without a skilled operator. They send a bit as one of two tones. Groups of five or seven bits become a character printed by a teletype. From about 1925 to 1975, radio teletype was how most commercial messages were sent to less developed countries. These are still used by the military and weather services.

Aircraft use a 1200 Baud radioteletype service over VHF to send their ID, altitude and position, and get gate and connecting-flight data. Microwave dishes on satellites, telephone exchanges and TV stations usually use quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM). QAM sends data by changing both the phase and the amplitude of the radio signal. Engineers like QAM because it packs the most bits into a radio signal when given an exclusive (non-shared) fixed narrowband frequency range. Usually the bits are sent in "frames" that repeat. A special bit pattern is used to locate the beginning of a frame. receivers.]] Communication systems that limit themselves to a fixed narrowband frequency range are vulnerable to jamming. A variety of jamming-resistant spread spectrum techniques were initially developed for military use, most famously for Global Positioning System satellite transmissions. Commercial use of spread spectrum began in the 1980s. Bluetooth, most cell phones, and the 802.11b version of Wi-Fi each use various forms of spread spectrum.

Systems that need reliability, or that share their frequency with other services, may use "coded orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing" or COFDM. COFDM breaks a digital signal into as many as several hundred slower subchannels. The digital signal is often sent as QAM on the subchannels. Modern COFDM systems use a small computer to make and decode the signal with digital signal processing, which is more flexible and far less expensive than older systems that implemented separate electronic channels. COFDM resists fading and ghosting because the narrow-channel QAM signals can be sent slowly. An adaptive system, or one that sends error-correction codes can also resist interference, because most interference can affect only a few of the QAM channels. COFDM is used for Wi-Fi, some cell phones, Digital Radio Mondiale, Eureka 147, and many other local area network, digital TV and radio standards.

Heating

Radio-frequency energy generated for heating of objects is generally not intended to radiate outside of the generating equipment, to prevent interference with other radio signals. Microwave ovens use intense radio waves to heat food. Diathermy equipment is used in surgery for sealing of blood vessels. Induction furnaces are used for melting metal for casting, and induction hobs for cooking.

Amateur radio service

with multiple receivers and transceivers]] Amateur radio, also known as "ham radio", is a hobby in which enthusiasts are licensed to communicate on a number of bands in the radio frequency spectrum non-commercially and for their own enjoyment. They may also provide emergency and public service assistance. This has been very beneficial in emergencies, saving lives in many instances. Radio amateurs use a variety of modes, including nostalgic ones like Morse code and experimental ones like Low-Frequency Experimental Radio. Several forms of radio were pioneered by radio amateurs and later became commercially important including FM, single-sideband (SSB), AM, digital packet radio and satellite repeaters. Some amateur frequencies may be disrupted by power-line internet service.

Unlicensed radio services

Unlicensed, government-authorized personal radio services such as Citizens' band radio in Australia, the USA, and Europe, and Family Radio Service and Multi-Use Radio Service in North America exist to provide simple, (usually) short range communication for individuals and small groups, without the overhead of licensing. Similar services exist in other parts of the world. These radio services involve the use of handheld units.

Free radio stations, sometimes called pirate radio or "clandestine" stations, are unauthorized, unlicensed, illegal broadcasting stations. These are often low power transmitters operated on sporadic schedules by hobbyists, community activists, or political and cultural dissidents. Some pirate stations operating offshore in parts of Europe and the United Kingdom more closely resembled legal stations, maintaining regular schedules, using high power, and selling commercial advertising time.

Radio control (R C)

Radio remote controls use radio waves to transmit control data to a remote object as in some early forms of guided missile, some early TV remotes and a range of model boats, cars and airplanes. Large industrial remote-controlled equipment such as cranes and switching locomotives now usually use digital radio techniques to ensure safety and reliability.

In Madison Square Garden, at the Electrical Exhibition of 1898, Nikola Tesla successfully demonstrated a radio-controlled boat. He was awarded U.S. patent No. 613,809 for a "Method of and Apparatus for Controlling Mechanism of Moving Vessels or Vehicles."

See also

References

;General information

A História da Rádio em Datas (1819-1997) (in Portuguese) - notes on etymology">A História da Rádio em Datas (1819-1997) (in Portuguese) - notes on etymology

L. de Forest, article in Electrical World 22 June 1270/1 (1907), early use of word "radio".

http://web.mit.edu/varun_ag/www/bose.html - It contains a proof that Sir Jagadish Chandra Bose invented the Mercury Coherer which was later used by Guglielmo Marconi and along with other patents.

;Footnotes

Further reading

Hugh G. J. Aitkin: The Continuous Wave: Technology and the American Radio, 1900-1932 (Princeton University Press, 1985).

Asa Briggs: The History of Broadcasting in the United Kingdom (Oxford University Press, 1961).

John Dunning: On the Air. The Encyclopedia of Old-Time Radio. New York; Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998. ISBN 0-19-507678-8

Henry Ewbank and Sherman P. Lawton: Broadcasting: Radio and Television (Harper & Brothers, 1952).

Marc Fisher: Something In The Air: Radio, Rock, and the Revolution That Shaped A Generation (Random House, 2007).

Leland I. Anderson (ed.), "John Stone Stone, Nikola Tesla's Priority in Radio and Continuous-Wave Radiofrequency Apparatus". The Antique Wireless Review, Vol. 1. 1986. 24 pages, illustrated.

Tom Lewis: Empire of the Air: The Men Who Made Radio, 1st ed., New York : E. Burlingame Books, 1991. ISBN 0060182156. "" (1992) by Ken Burns was a PBS documentary based on the book.

W. Rupert Maclaurin: Invention and Innovation in the Radio Industry (The Macmillan Company, 1949).

William B. Ray: FCC: The Ups and Downs of Radio-TV Regulation (Iowa State University Press, 1990).

Alexander Russo: Points on the Dial: Golden Age Radio Beyond the Networks (Duke University Press; 2010) 278 pages; discusses regional and local radio as forms that "complicate" the image of the medium as a national unifier from the 1920s to the 1950s.

Scannell, Paddy, and Cardiff, David. A Social History of British Broadcasting, Volume One, 1922-1939 (Basil Blackwell, 1991).

Schwoch James. The American Radio Industry and Its Latin American Activities, 1900-1939 (University of Illinois Press, 1990).

Christopher H. Sterling with Michael C. Keith (ed.): Encyclopedia of Radio. New York; London: Fitzroy Dearborn, 2004 (three vols.)

Llewellyn White: The American Radio (University of Chicago Press, 1947).

Ulrich L. Rohde, Jerry Whitaker: Communications Receivers, Third Edition, McGraw Hill, New York, NY, 2001, ISBN 0-07-136121-9.

External links

;General

"It's Radi-O! Essay by Richard Rubin, The Atlantic Monthly, January 1998.

;History

U.S. Supreme Court, "Marconi Wireless Telegraph co. of America v. United States". 320 U.S. 1. Nos. 369, 373. Argued 9–12 April 1943. Decided 21 June 1943.

Horzepa, Stan, "Surfin': Who Invented Radio?" Arrl.org. 10 October 2003.

Steven Schoenherr's History of Radio

The Broadcast Archive - Radio History on the Web!

Canadian Communications Foundation - The History on Canadian Broadcasting.

United States Early Radio History

Historic Radios from Around the World at Kurrajong Radio Museum, Australia

Early Canadian Radio Station Lists

United States Early Radio History

;Antiques

George H. Clark Radioana Collection, ca. 1880 - 1950 - Archives Center, National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution

A gallery of Antiques from the 1920s to the 1960s

;Technical

Radio Frequency Chart National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA).

IAteacher: Interactive Explanation of Radio Receiver Construction

How Stuff Works - Radio

VOR Basic Information

Dr. Phil's Receiver Designs Single-Triode and Single-Transistor Regenerative Radio Designs

;DX

The British DX Club

World of Radio Glenn Hauser's internationally known DX radio show

Category:British inventions

Name	Rick Parfitt, OBE
Background	solo_singer
Born	October 12, 1948 Woking, Surrey, England
Genre	Hard rock, Rock and roll, Boogie rock
Instrument	Guitar, vocals
Occupation	Musician, Songwriter
Associated acts	Status Quo
Url	www.statusquo.co.uk
Notable instruments	Fender Telecaster

Richard John Parfitt, OBE (born 12 October 1948) is best known for being a singer and the rhythm guitarist in the English rock band Status Quo.

Career

Born in Woking, Surrey, Parfitt attended Goldsworth School, Woking and first met band member Francis Rossi in 1965 in Butlin's Minehead whilst he was playing as Ricky Harrison in a musical trio called 'The Highlights'. Rossi was playing with the Spectres (forerunner of Status Quo) at the time and Parfitt was sufficiently impressed to approach him with a view to working together. Nothing came of the meeting until 1967 when Parfitt joined Rossi, Alan Lancaster, John Coghlan and Roy Lynes to form the classic Quo lineup.

Parfitt has been a continuous member of the group, and has penned some of their greatest hits, sometimes in collaboration with the group's keyboard player Andy Bown, among them "Whatever You Want", "Again and Again", and "Rain". He recorded a solo album in 1985, but it was never released. Among musicians on the record were bassist John Edwards and drummer Jeff Rich, formerly with the Climax Blues Band and Judie Tzuke. He has earned the nickname 'The WOMORR' (The Wild Old Man of Rock 'n' Roll). Parfitt is known for his trademark white Fender Telecaster – a 1965 model.

In 2006, Parfitt released his invention, the "guitar facelift" which has the backing of guitar manufacturer Fender.

On 16 June 2007, the presenters of the British children's television show, Tiswas, reunited for a special one-off show. Parfitt performed with the rest of Status Quo on the show (all of whom were constantly plagued by the show's trademark practical jokes during their performance), and presenter Chris Tarrant alleged that during a broadcast of the show in the early 1980s, Parfitt was smoking cannabis on live children's television.

On 15 September 2007, Parfitt and Rossi appeared on Celebrity Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?, earning £50,000 for charity.

In December 2009, Parfitt teamed up with Rolf Harris for the single "Christmas in the Sun". This follows on from the 2008 Status Quo hit "It's Christmas Time", which Parfitt wrote with current songwriting partner Wayne Morris.

Musical equipment

One of Parfitt's guitars is a white 1962 Fender Telecaster. In addition he also plays a Gibson SG tuned to an Open E, a 1981 Zemaitis tuned to a B, a Schecter, a Fender Esquire, and a Chet Atkins acoustic guitar. For amplification, Parfitt uses Marshall JCM800 or JCM900 amplifiers with 4x12 cabintes combined with VOX AC30 amplifiers and a Roland GP8 signal processor.

Personal life

Parfitt had a relationship with his childhood sweetheart Patty after meeting her in 1968. After the pair split up, Parfitt married Marietta Boeker, and the pair had a son, Richard (born 1978). They had also a baby girl Heidi Marie Elizabeth Parfitt who sadly drowned in the family pool (1980). Parfitt and Marietta then divorced, and he married Patty – the pair had a son, Harry (born 1989). However, they also divorced, before Parfitt reunited with Patty in 2000. The couple lived in a £1 million mansion in Teddington, but after paying out more than £3 million in divorce settlements, Parfitt vowed in 2005 that he would never marry again. However, in August 2006, after meeting 46 year old fitness instructor Lyndsay Whitburn, the pair married in a £40 ceremony in Gibraltar. On 26 May 2008, Lyndsay gave birth to twins - a boy named Tommy Oswald Parfitt, and a girl named Lily Rose Parfitt.

Parfitt had a quadruple heart bypass in 1997. In December 2005 he underwent tests for suspected throat cancer, but just before Christmas that year, the tests found the growths to be benign.

Parfitt was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the New Year Honours 2010.

Trivia

Quiet Riot's Kevin DuBrow has said that the band's name was born of a conversation with Parfitt in which Parfitt said he'd like to name a band "Quite Right". With his thick English accent, it sounded like he was saying "Quiet Riot".

References

External links

Status Quo Official site

Guitar Facelift

Category:Status Quo members Category:1948 births Category:Living people Category:English rock guitarists Category:English male singers Category:English songwriters Category:People from Woking Category:Officers of the Order of the British Empire

Name	Mike Posner
Background	solo_singer
Birth name	Michael Posner
Birth date	February 12, 1988
Birth place	Detroit, Michigan, United States
Origin	Boston, Massachusetts, United States
Genre	Second Wave synthpop, At Duke, Posner was a member of the Sigma Nu fraternity
- style	"font-size:smaller;"
Style	"text-align:left;"| 31 Minutes to Takeoff
Style	"text-align:left;"| A Matter of Time
Style	"text-align:left;"| One Foot Out the Door
- style	"font-size:smaller;"
Style	"text-align:left;"| "Cooler Than Me"
Style	"text-align:left;"|
Style	"text-align:left;" rowspan="3"| 31 Minutes to Takeoff
Style	"text-align:left;"| "Please Don't Go"
Style	"text-align:left;"| "Bow Chicka Wow Wow"A
Colspan	"15" style="font-size:8pt"| "—" denotes releases that did not chart
Name	Posner, Mike
Date of birth	February 12, 1988

Category:1988 births Category:Living people Category:2010s singers Category:American dance musicians Category:American hip hop musicians Category:American male singers Category:American people of Jewish descent Category:Duke University alumni Category:English-language singers Category:Hip hop singers Category:J Records artists Category:Musicians from Detroit, Michigan Category:People from Southfield, Michigan

Name	Merle Haggard
Background	solo_singer
Birth name	Merle Ronald Haggard
Alias	The Hag
Born	April 06, 1937Oildale, California, United States
Instruments	Guitar, Fiddle
Genre	Country
Occupation	Musician, Guitarist, Singer, Songwriter
Years active	1963–present
Label	Capitol, MCA, Epic, Curb, ANTI, Vanguard
Url	Official Website
Notable instruments	Merle Haggard Signature Model Telecaster

Merle Ronald Haggard (born April 6, 1937) is an American country music singer, guitarist, instrumentalist, and songwriter. Along with Buck Owens, Haggard and his band The Strangers helped create the Bakersfield Sound, which is characterized by the unique twang of Fender Telecaster guitars, vocal harmonies, and a rough edge not heard on the more polished Nashville Sound recordings of the same era.

By the 1970s, Haggard was aligned with the growing outlaw country movement, and has continued to release successful albums through the 1990s and into the 2000s. In 1997, Merle Haggard was inducted into the Oklahoma Music Hall of Fame for his song "Okie from Muskogee".

Early life

Merle Haggard was born in Oildale, California in 1937. His parents, Flossie Mae Harp and James Francis Haggard, moved from Oklahoma to California during the Great Depression. At that time, much of the population of Bakersfield consisted of economic refugees from Oklahoma and surrounding states. Haggard spent his childhood in Oildale, a hardscrabble suburb of Bakersfield, home to many workers in the adjacent Kern River Oil Field.

Haggard's father died when Merle was nine years old, and Merle soon began to rebel by committing petty crimes and truancy. Due to shoplifting at a women's lingerie store in 1950 (aged thirteen), he was sent to a juvenile detention center. In 1951, Haggard ran away to Texas with a friend, but returned that same year and was arrested for truancy and petty larceny. Again escaping the juvenile detention center, he went to Modesto, California. He worked odd jobs—legal and not—and began performing in a bar. Once he was found again, he was sent to the Preston School of Industry, a high-security installation. He was released fifteen months later, but was sent back after beating a local boy during a burglary attempt.

After his fourth release, Haggard saw Lefty Frizzell in concert with his friend, Bob Teague. After hearing Haggard sing along to his first two songs Frizzell allowed Haggard to sing at the concert. The audience enjoyed Haggard and he began working on a full-time music career. After he had earned a local reputation, Haggard's money problems caught up with him. He was arrested for attempting to rob a Bakersfield tavern in 1957 and was sent to the San Quentin state prison for three years.

While in prison, Haggard ran a gambling and brewing racket from his cell. During a time of solitary confinement, he encountered an alcoholic mathematician and death row inmate named Drunk Adam. Haggard had the opportunity to escape with a fellow inmate nicknamed "Rabbit" but passed on it. The inmate successfully escaped, only to shoot a police officer and return to San Quentin for execution. Drunk Adam's predicament along with Rabbit's inspired Haggard to turn his life around.

Haggard soon earned a high-school equivalence diploma, kept a steady job in the prison's textile plant, and played in the prison's band. Upon his release in 1960, Haggard said it took about four months to get used to being out of the penitentiary and that, at times, he actually wanted to go back in. He said it was the loneliest feeling he had ever had. On Tuesday, March 14, 1972, Haggard was pardoned by Governor Ronald Reagan.

Country success

Upon his release, Haggard started digging ditches and wiring houses for his brother. Soon he was performing again, and later began recording with Tally Records. The Bakersfield Sound was developing in the area as a reaction against the over-produced honky tonk of the Nashville Sound. Haggard's first song was "Skid Row". In 1962, Haggard wound up performing at a Wynn Stewart show in Las Vegas and heard Wynn's "Sing a Sad Song". He asked for permission to record it, and the resulting single was a national hit in 1964.

In 1968, Haggard's first tribute LP Same Train, Different Time: A Tribute to Jimmie Rodgers, was released to acclaim. "Okie From Muskogee", 1969's apparent political statement, was actually written as an abjectly humorous character portrait. Haggard called the song a "documentation of the uneducated that lived in America at the time." He said later on the Bob Edwards Show that "I wrote it when I recently got out of the joint. I knew what it was like to lose my freedom, and I was getting really mad at these protesters. They didn't know anything more about the war in Vietnam than I did. I thought how my dad, who was from Oklahoma, would have felt. I felt I knew how those boys fighting in Vietnam felt."

Actually, Haggard said had only started smoking marijuana when he was 41 years old. He admitted that in 1983 he bought "$2,000 (worth) of cocaine" and to partying for five days afterward, when he says he finally realized his condition and quit for good.

Later, Alabama Gov. George Wallace asked Haggard for an endorsement, which Haggard declined. However, Haggard has expressed sympathy with the "parochial" way of life expressed in "Okie" and songs such as "The Fightin' Side of Me". After "Okie" was released, it was a hit.

Regardless of exactly how they were intended, "Okie From Muskogee", "The Fightin' Side of Me", and "I Wonder If They Think of Me" were hailed as anthems of the so-called "Silent Majority" and presaged a trend in patriotic songs that would reappear years later with Charlie Daniels' "In America", Lee Greenwood's "God Bless the USA", and others. In 1969 the Grateful Dead began performing Haggard's tune "Mama Tried", which appeared on their 1971 eponymous live album. The song became a staple in their repertoire until the band's end in 1995. The Grateful Dead also performed Haggard's "Sing Me Back Home" numerous times between 1971 and 1973. In addition, the Flying Burrito Brothers recorded and performed "White Line Fever" in 1971, and toured with "Sing Me Back Home". Singer-activist Joan Baez, whose political leanings couldn't be more different from those expressed in Haggard's above-referenced songs, nonetheless covered "Sing Me Back Home" and "Mama Tried" in 1969. The Everly Brothers also used both songs in their 1968 country-rock album Roots. Haggard's next LP was A Tribute to the Best Damn Fiddle Player in the World (or, My Salute to Bob Wills), which helped spark a revival of western swing.

On Tuesday, March 14, 1972, shortly after "Carolyn" became another number one country hit for Haggard, Governor Ronald Reagan granted Haggard a full pardon for his past crimes.

During the early to mid 1970s, Haggard's chart domination continued with songs like "Someday We'll Look Back", "Carolyn", "Grandma Harp", "Always Wanting You", and "The Roots of My Raising". He also wrote and performed the theme song to the television series Movin' On, which in 1975 gave him another number one country hit. The 1973 recession anthem "If We Make It Through December" furthered Haggard's status as a champion of the working class. Haggard appeared on the cover of Time on May 6, 1977. (According to the date on this cover, Merle Haggard was on the cover of TIME magazine May 6, 1974 not 1977. The title of the article was "Songs of Love, Loyalty and Doubt, Country Music".)

In 1981, Haggard published an autobiography, Sing Me Back Home. That same year, he alternately spoke and sang the ballad The Man In the Mask. Written by Dean Pitchford (whose other output includes Fame, Footloose, Sing, Solid Gold and the musical Carrie), this was the combined narration/theme from the movie The Legend of the Lone Ranger...which was a box-office flop.

Country star Willie Nelson believed the 1983 Academy Award-winning film Tender Mercies, about the life of fictional singer Mac Sledge, was based on the life of Merle Haggard. Actor Robert Duvall and other filmmakers denied this and claimed the character was based on nobody in particular. Duvall, however, said he was a big fan of Haggard.

"If We Make It Through December" turned out to be Haggard's last pop hit. Although he won a Grammy Award for Best Male Country Vocal Performance for 1984's new kind of honky tonk, newer singers had begun to take over country music, and singers like George Strait and Randy Travis had taken over the charts. Haggard's last number one hit was "Twinkle, Twinkle Lucky Star" from his smash album Chill Factor in 1988.

Influence

Haggard's guitar work and voice gives his country a hard-edged, blues-like style in many cuts. Although he has been outspoken in his dislike for modern country music, he has praised newer stars such as George Strait, Toby Keith and Alan Jackson. Keith has singled Haggard as a major influence on his career. Nick Gravenites, of Big Brother and the Holding Company, paid Haggard a tongue-in-cheek tribute with the song, "I'll Change Your Flat Tire, Merle," later covered by other artists including Pure Prairie League and The Grateful Dead. The Dixie Chicks paid tribute by recording Darrell Scott's song "Long Time Gone", which criticizes Nashville trends: "We listen to the radio to hear what's cookin’/But the music ain't got no soul/ Now they sound tired but they don’t sound Haggard," with the following lines mentioning Johnny Cash and Hank Williams in the same vein. Collin Raye paid him tribute with the song "My Kind Of Girl," when he sang the lines "How 'bout some music/She said have you got any Merle/That's when I knew she was my kind of girl." In 2000, Alan Jackson and George Strait sang "Murder On Music Row," which criticizes mainstream country trends: "The Hag wouldn't have a chance on today's radio/Because they committed murder down on music row." In 2005, the country rock duo Brooks & Dunn sang "Just Another Neon Night" off their Hillbilly Deluxe album. In the song Ronnie Dunn said "He's got an Eastwood grin and a too early swagger/Hollerin' turn off that rap/And play me some Haggard". In 2006, Hank Williams III included Haggard as well as other country icons in the song "Country Heroes". Steve Goodman mentioned him, humorously but respectfully, in the song "You Never Even Called Me By My Name" (which he either co-wrote or didn't co-write with John Prine). George Jones recorded two albums with him. Elvis Costello references Haggard on the song "The Big Light" from the critically-acclaimed album "King of America", where he sings "I didn't even touch the light-switch 'cos I knew that I would see/The Haggard face that would be staring back at me". For emphasis, the sleeve notes capitalize the H in Haggard. Lynyrd Skynyrd's song Railroad Song references Haggard, "Well I'm a ride this train Lord until I find out/What Jimmy Rodgers and the Hag was all about", Nuthin' Fancy Nuthin' Fancy.

In 2006, Haggard was back on the charts in a duet with Gretchen Wilson, "Politically Uncorrect". He is also featured on "Pledge Allegiance to the Hag" on Eric Church's debut album. The song was also written by Church.

Comeback

In 2000, Haggard made a comeback of sorts, signing with the independent record label Anti and releasing the spare If I Could Only Fly to critical acclaim. He followed it in 2001 with Roots, vol. 1, a collection of Lefty Frizzell, Hank Williams, and Hank Thompson covers, along with three Haggard originals. The album, recorded in Haggard's living room with no overdubs, featured Haggard's longtime bandmates The Strangers as well as Frizzell's original lead guitarist, Norman Stephens. In December 2004, Haggard spoke at length on Larry King Live about his incarceration as a young man and said it was "hell" and "the scariest experience of my life".

Haggard's number one hit single "Mama Tried" is featured in the 2003 film Radio with Cuba Gooding, Jr. and Ed Harris as well as in Bryan Bertino's "The Strangers" with Liv Tyler. In addition, his song "Swingin' Doors" can be heard in the 2004 film Crash and his 1981 hit "Big City" is heard in Joel and Ethan Coen's 1996 film "Fargo" and in the 2008 Larry Bishop film "Hell Ride", executive produced by Quentin Tarantino.

In October 2005, Haggard released his album, "Chicago Wind (Merle Haggard album)", to mostly positive reviews. The album contained an anti-Iraq war song titled "America First," in which he laments the nation's economy and faltering infrastructure, applauds its soldiers, and sings, "Let's get out of Iraq, and get back on track." This follows from his 2003 release "Haggard Like Never Before" in which he includes a song, "That's The News". Haggard released a bluegrass album, The Bluegrass Sessions, on October 2, 2007. In 2008, Haggard was going to perform at Riverfest in Little Rock, Arkansas, but the concert was canceled because he was experiencing some sickness, and three other concerts were canceled as well; however, he was back on the road in June and successfully completed a tour that ended on October 19. In April 2010, Haggard released a new album, I Am What I Am.

Equipment

Haggard has endorsed Fender guitars and has a Custom Artist signature model Telecaster. The guitar is a modified Telecaster Thinline with laminated top of figured maple, set neck with deep carved heel, birdseye maple fingerboard with 22 jumbo frets, ivoroid pickguard and binding, gold hardware, abalone Tuff Dog Tele peghead inlay, 2-Colour Sunburst finish and a pair of Fender Texas Special Tele single-coil pickups with custom-wired 4-way pickup switching. He also plays six string acoustic models. In 2001, C.F. Martin & Company introduced a limited edition Merle Haggard Signature Edition 000-28SMH acoustic guitar available with or without factory-installed electronics.

Personal life

Wives and children

Merle's was married to Leona Hobbs from 1956 to 1964. They had Dana, Marty (b. 1958), Kelli, and Noel (b. Sept. 4, 1963). They divorced and in 1965 he married country-western singer Bonnie Owens and they remained together until they divorced in 1978. Haggard remarried a third time in 1978 to Leona Williams and they were divorced in 1983. He married for a fourth time to Theresa Ann Lane. They have two children, Jenessa and Ben.

Health

Haggard underwent angioplasty in 1995 to unblock clogged arteries. On November 9, 2008, it was announced that Haggard had been diagnosed with non-small cell lung cancer in May of that year and underwent surgery on November 3 during which part of his lung was removed. Haggard returned home on November 8. Less than two months after his cancer surgery, Haggard played two shows on January 2 and 3, 2009, in Bakersfield at Buck Owens' Crystal Palace and is planning to continue to tour and record.

Legacy

On December 19, 2006, the Kern County Board of Supervisors approved a citizen-led resolution to re-name a portion of 7th Standard Road in Oildale as Merle Haggard Drive, which will stretch from North Chester Avenue west to U.S. Route 99. The first street travelers will turn onto when they leave the new airport terminal will be Merle Haggard Drive.

In 2006, Merle Haggard was honored as a BMI Icon at the 54th annual BMI Pop Awards. During his songwriting career, Hagard has earned 48 BMI Country Awards, nine BMI Pop Awards, a BMI R&B; Award, and 16 BMI "Million-Air" awards, all from a catalog of songs that adds up to over 25 million performances.

Merle Haggard accepted the prestigious award for lifetime achievement and "outstanding contribution to American culture" from the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts on December 4, 2010. At a December 5, 2010 gala in Washington, D.C. he was honored with musical performances by Kris Kristofferson, Willie Nelson, Sheryl Crow, Vince Gill, Jamey Johnson, Kid Rock, Miranda Lambert and Brad Paisley. This tribute was featured in the Tuesday December 28, 2010 CBS special, The Kennedy Center Honors.

Discography

38 number one hits

# I'm a Lonesome Fugitive (1966) # Branded Man (1967) # Sing Me Back Home (1968) # The Legend of Bonnie and Clyde (1968) # Mama Tried (1968) # Hungry Eyes (1969) # Workin' Man Blues (1969) # Okie from Muskogee (1969) # The Fightin' Side of Me (1970) # Daddy Frank (The Guitar Man) (1971) # Carolyn (1971) # Grandma Harp (1972) # It's Not Love (But It's Not Bad) (1972) # I Wonder If They Ever Think of Me (1972) # Everybody's Had the Blues (1973) # If We Make It Through December (1973) # Things Aren't Funny Anymore (1974) # Old Man from the Mountain (1974) # Kentucky Gambler (1974) # Always Wanting You (1975) # Movin' On (1975) # It's All in the Movies (1975) # The Roots of My Raising (1975) # Cherokee Maiden (1976) # Bar Room Buddies (with Clint Eastwood) (1980) # I Think I'll Just Stay Here and Drink (1980) # My Favorite Memory (1981) # Big City (1981) # Yesterday's Wine (with George Jones) (1982) # Going Where the Lonely Go (1982) # You Take Me for Granted (1982) # Pancho and Lefty (with] Willie Nelson) (1983) # That's the Way Love Goes (1983) # Someday When Things Are Good (1984) # Let's Chase Each Other Around the Room (1984) # A Place to Fall Apart (with Janie Frickie) (1984) # Natural High (1985) # Twinkle, Twinkle Lucky Star (1987)

Awards

Academy of Country Music

1965 Top New Male Vocalist

1965 Top Vocal Duo with Bonnie Owens

1966 Top Male Vocalist

1967 Top Vocal Duo with Bonnie Owens

1969 Album of the Year - "Okie from Muskogee"

1969 Single of the Year - "Okie from Muskogee"

1969 Top Vocal Duo - with Bonnie Owens

1970 Entertainer of the Year

1970 Top Male Vocalist

1972 Top Male Vocalist

1974 Top Male Vocalist

1981 Top Male Vocalist

1982 Song of the Year - "Are the Good Times Really Over (I Wish a Buck Was Still Silver)"

Country Music Association

1970 Album of the Year - "Okie from Muskogee"

1970 Entertainer of the Year

1970 Male Vocalist of the Year

1970 Single of the Year - "Okie from Muskogee"

1983 Vocal Duo of the Year - with Willie Nelson

Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum

Inducted in 1994

Grammy Awards

1984 Best Country Vocal Performance, Male - "That's The Way Love Goes"

1998 Best Country Collaboration with Vocals with Clint Black, Joe Diffie, Emmylou Harris, Alison Krauss, Patty Loveless, Earl Scruggs, Ricky Skaggs, Marty Stuart, Pam Tillis, Randy Travis, Travis Tritt & Dwight Yoakam for "Same Old Train"

1999 Grammy Hall of Fame Award - "Mama Tried"

Nashville Songwriters Hall of Fame

Inducted in 1977

Kennedy Center Honors

Inducted in 2010

Sources

Di Salvatore, Bryan. (1998). "Merle Haggard". In The Encyclopedia of Country Music. Paul Kingsbury (ed.), New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 222–24

Di Salvatore, Bryan. "Ornery", The New Yorker, February 12, 1990, pp. 39–77

Fox, Aaron A. "White Trash Alchemies of the Abject Sublime: Country as 'Bad' Music", in Christopher J. Washburne and Maiken Derno (eds.), Bad Music: The Music We Love to Hate, New York: Routledge, 2004 (ISBN 0-415-94366-3)

Haggard, Merle, with Tom Carter. My House of Memories: For the Record. New York: HarperEntertainment, 1999

Haggard, Merle, and Peggy Russell. Sing Me Back Home. New York: Times Books, 1981

References

External links

Official Site

Photo timeline of his life from RollingStone.com

Record Label

at the Country Music Hall of Fame

Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture - Haggard, Merle

Category:Musicians from California Category:American country guitarists Category:American country singers Category:American male singers Category:American country singer-songwriters Category:Recipients of American gubernatorial pardons Category:Vanguard Records artists Category:Kennedy Center honorees Category:Country Music Hall of Fame inductees Category:Grammy Award winners Category:Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award winners Category:Oklahoma Music Hall of Fame inductees Category:1937 births Category:Living people Category:People from Bakersfield, California Category:Cancer patients

Name	Lupe Fiasco
Background	solo_singer
Birth name	Wasalu Muhammad Jaco
Alias	Lupe Fiasco
Born	February 16, 1982Chicago, Illinois, United States
Instrument	Rapping, piano, keyboards
Genre	Hip hop, alternative rock
Occupation	Rapper, songwriter, record producer, CEO
Years active	2000–present
Label	Arista, Epic, 1st & 15th, Atlantic, All Sabotage
Associated acts	Child Rebel Soldier, Japanese Cartoon, Matthew Santos, B.o.B, All City Chess Club
Url

Wasalu Muhammad Jaco (born February 16, 1982), better known by his stage name Lupe Fiasco ( ), is an American rapper, artist, producer and CEO of 1st and 15th Entertainment. He rose to fame in 2006 following the success of his critically acclaimed debut album, Lupe Fiasco's Food & Liquor. He also performs as the frontman of post punk band Japanese Cartoon under his real name. Despite his unstable upbringing, Fiasco states that he was well-educated as a child, asserting that "I grew up in the hood around prostitutes, drug dealers, killers, and gangbangers, but I also grew up juxtaposed: On the doorknob outside of our apartment, there was blood from some guy who got shot; but inside, there was National Geographic magazines and encyclopedias and a little library bookshelf situation. And we didn't have cable, so we didn't have the luxury of having our brains washed by MTV. We watched public television — cooking shows and stuff like that."

He initially disliked hip hop music for its use of vulgarity, and preferred to listen to jazz; Fiasco idolized clarinet player Benny Goodman. He began rapping when he was in the eighth grade, and upon hearing Nas' 1996 album, It Was Written, began to pursue hip hop.

While at Thornton Township High School, he discovered a love for theatre, and he ran the lights and sound for most of his high school's productions. He also was a member of the chess team and the Knowledge Bowl Decathlon Team.

1999–2005: Career beginnings

in Illinois]] When he was 17, even though his parents were not keen on having their son be a rapper, his father did allow him to use his basement for a studio. Fiasco scoured flea markets and secondhand stores, where he was able to find an old mixing board and a record player, along with stacks of vinyl records, and mic stands.

At age 19, Fiasco was in a group called Da Pak, which was influenced by other California gangsta rappers like Spice 1 and Ice Cube. They signed to Epic Records and released one single before splitting up. During his short tenure at Arista, he did meet Jay-Z, who was the president of Def Jam Recordings at the time. Jay-Z referred to him as a "breath of fresh air", saying that he reminded him of a younger version of himself. Jay-Z would go on and help him get a record deal at Atlantic Records. While he was working on the music for his new album, he released his critically acclaimed mixtape series Fahrenheit 1/15 over the internet. The mixtape gained notoriety by word-of-mouth, and Fiasco's remix of Kanye West's "Jesus Walks" entitled "Muhammad Walks", became very popular in the Muslim community. These events greatly affected Fiasco and the subsequent themes discussed on the album. The album was released in December 2007 in United States. The first single and video from the album, "Superstar", featuring Matthew Santos, was released the first week of November 2007. Baseball's Hanley Ramirez, Troy Tulowitzki, Ryan Zimmerman, Gerald Laird and Ryan Braun have used "Superstar" as their at-bat song.

, 2009]]

Lupe Fiasco has a bonus track on iTunes for the soundtrack to called "Solar Midnight" which he produced himself. In a post on his Myspace blog, Fiasco addressed concerns by fans who believed that he had "sold out" by making a song for the soundtrack, saying "I'm not SELLING OUT by doing a song for NEW MOON...People thought I 'SOLD OUT' when I did 'Kick, Push'".

On August 10, Lupe Fiasco released a snippet of a song "Go to Sleep," on his official Twitter page. a vanity record label under Atlantic. Although Fiasco was initially to serve as vice-president, he became CEO after Patton was convicted on drug charges. Fiasco and singer Matthew Santos were two of the most recognizable signed artists. In November 2009, Fiasco announced he would get "rid of the entire First and Fifteenth Record Label. Me and Sarah Green are the only artists on the label, like I got rid of the whole label. It was just such a ‘this isn’t right for you right now. This isn’t gonna work for you right now. You need to be focused on you. Do you really want that, do you really have the capacity to do it?’

In 2005, he founded "Righteous Kung-Fu", a company that designs fashions, sneakers, toys, video games, comic books, and graphics for album covers and skateboard decks. He has also sponsored a skateboard team and has endorsements from DGK Skateboards.

In January 2006, Fiasco signed with major footwear and apparel corporation Reebok becoming part of the "O.G" marketing campaign, where rap artists such as Lil Wayne and Mike Jones designed their own personal colorway of the Reebok "O.G" model. Fiasco also runs his own fashion label under the name "Trilly & Truly". Together with Le Messie of FALSE from Singapore he also runs a collaborative clothing line called "Fallacy Of Rome".

In 2009, Fiasco performed in The People Speak, a documentary feature film that employs musical performances of the letters, diaries, and speeches of everyday Americans, based on historian Howard Zinn's A People's History of the United States.

On January 7, 2010, Fiasco joined musician Kenna, actress Jessica Biel, and other celebrities and activists for an expedition to the top of Mt. Kilimanjaro called Summit on the Summit to raise awareness of the billions of people worldwide who lack access to sanitary drinking water.

On January 20, 2010, Fiasco released a track called "Resurrection" with Kenna in response to the 2010 Haiti earthquake. The song, part of a compilation released through the charity Music for Relief, aimed to encourage donations for immediate relief and long-term recovery following the devastating disaster.

Discography

Lupe Fiasco's Food & Liquor (2006)

Lupe Fiasco's The Cool (2007)

Lasers (2011)

See also

List of awards and nominations received by Lupe Fiasco

References

External links

http://articles.latimes.com/2009/dec/12/entertainment/la-et-people-speak12-2009dec12

http://www.chicagomag.com/Chicago-Magazine/August-2007/Word-Star/

Category:1982 births Category:African American Muslims Category:African American rappers Category:American hip hop record producers Category:Atlantic Records artists Category:Rappers from Chicago, Illinois Category:Living people

Name	Laura Marling
Background	solo_singer
Born	February 01, 1990
Origin	Eversley, Hampshire, England
Instrument	Voice, guitar, bass, piano
Genre	Contemporary folk, folk rock, alternative
Occupation	Singer/songwriter
Years active	2006–present
Label	WayOutWest, Virgin
Url	LauraMarling.com
Associated acts	Noah and the Whale, The Rakes, Mystery Jets, Johnny Flynn, Mumford & Sons

Laura Beatrice Marling (born 1 February 1990) is a folk singer-songwriter from Eversley in Hampshire, England. Initially prominent within the London folk scene, she has also toured with a number of well-known indie artists in the UK. Her sound is characterised by striking melodies and poetic lyricism. Her debut album Alas, I Cannot Swim and her second album I Speak Because I Can have been nominated for the Mercury Music Prize in 2008 and 2010 respectively.

Early years

Marling was born in Hampshire, England and learned guitar at an early age. She was part of the original line-up of indie folk band Noah and the Whale and was romantically linked with singer/guitarist Charlie Fink. |- |}

EPs

My Manic and I EP (2007)

# "New Romantic" # "Night Terror" # "My Manic and I" # "Typical"

London Town EP (2008)

# "London Town" # "She's Changed" # "Failure" # "Tap at My Window"

Cross Your Fingers EP (2008) # "Cross Your Fingers" (Single Version) # "I'm a Fly" # "Blackberry Stone" (Demo) # "Tap at My Window" (Live From Union Chapel) # "Cross Your Fingers" (Live From Union Chapel)

Mumford and Sons, Laura Marling and Dharohar Project EP (2010)

Singles

References

External links

Official Website

Category:English female singers Category:English singer-songwriters Category:English female guitarists Category:Living people Category:1990 births Category:Old Leightonians Category:English agnostics Category:English folk musicians

Name	Jimi Hendrix
Background	solo_singer
Birth name	Johnny Allen Hendrix, renamed James Marshall Hendrix
Born	November 27, 1942Seattle, Washington, U.S.
Died	September 18, 1970Kensington, Greater London, England
Instrument	guitar, vocals, bass, drums, keyboard, percussion
Genre	Hard rock, blues-rock, acid rock, funk-rock, psychedelic rock
Occupation	Musician, songwriter, record producer
Years active	1963–1970
Label	RSVP, Track, Barclay, Polydor, Reprise, Capitol, MCA
Associated acts	Little Richard, The Isley Brothers, The Blue Flames, The Jimi Hendrix Experience, Gypsy Sun and Rainbows, Band of Gypsys
Url	www.jimihendrix.com
Notable instruments	Fender Stratocaster, Gibson Flying V

James Marshall "Jimi" Hendrix (born Johnny Allen Hendrix, November 27, 1942 On tour with Richard they shared billing a couple of times with Ike and Tina Turner. It has been suggested that he left Richard and played with Ike & Tina briefly before returning to Richard, but there is no firm evidence to support this, and this is emphatically denied by Tina. Months later, he was either fired or he left after missing the tour bus in Washington, D.C.

Legacy

Musical

Hendrix synthesized many styles in creating his musical voice and his guitar style was unique, later to be abundantly imitated by others. Despite his hectic touring schedule and notorious perfectionism, he was a prolific recording artist and left behind more than 300 unreleased recordings.

His career and death grouped him with Janis Joplin, Jim Morrison, Brian Jones, Ron "Pigpen" McKernan (of the Grateful Dead), and Kurt Cobain as one of the 27 Club, a group including iconic 1960s rock stars who suffered drug-related deaths at age 27 within months of each other, leaving legacies in death that have eclipsed the popularity and influence they experienced during their lifetimes. Despite his popularity and the lavish praise heaped upon his guitar skills, he was surprisingly humble. Musically, Hendrix did much to further the development of the electric guitar's repertoire, establishing it as a unique sonic source, rather than merely an amplified version of the acoustic guitar. Likewise, his feedback, wah-wah and fuzz-laden soloing moved guitar distortion well beyond mere novelty, incorporating other effects pedals and units specifically designed for him by his sound technician Roger Mayer (such as the Octavia and Univibe) with dramatic results.

Hendrix affected popular music with similar profundity; along with earlier bands such as The Who and Cream, he established a sonically heavy yet technically proficient bent to rock music as a whole, significantly furthering the development of hard rock and paving the way for heavy metal. He took blues to another level. His music has also had a great influence on funk and the development of funk rock especially through the guitarists Ernie Isley of The Isley Brothers and Eddie Hazel of Funkadelic, Prince, John Frusciante former member of the Red Hot Chili Peppers and Jesse Johnson of The Time. His influence even extends to many hip hop artists, including Questlove, Chuck D of Public Enemy, Ice-T (who covered "Hey Joe" with his heavy metal band Body Count), El-P and Wyclef Jean. Miles Davis was also deeply impressed by Hendrix and compared his improvisational skills with those of saxophonist John Coltrane, Hendrix experimented with guitar effects as well. He had a fruitful association with engineer Roger Mayer who later went on to make the Axis fuzz unit, the Octavia octave doubler and several other devices based on units Mayer had created or tweaked for Hendrix. The Japanese-made Univibe, designed to simulate the modulation effects of the rotating Leslie speaker, provided a rich phasing sound with a speed control pedal, and is heard on the Band of Gypsys track "Machine Gun," which highlights use of the univibe, octavia and fuzz face pedals.

The Hendrix sound combined high volume and high power, feedback manipulation, and a range of cutting-edge guitar effects. He was also known for his trick playing, which included playing with only his right (fretting) hand and using his teeth or playing behind his back and between his legs. Hendrix had large hands and characteristically used his thumb to fret bass notes, leaving his fingers free to play melodic lines on top. A clear demonstration of this thumb technique can be witnessed in the Woodstock video; during the song Red House there are closeups of Hendrix's fretting hand.

Discography

The Jimi Hendrix Experience

Are You Experienced (1967)

(1967)

Electric Ladyland (1968)

Jimi Hendrix/Band of Gypsys

Band of Gypsys (1970) [recorded live]

Posthumous studio albums

The Cry of Love (1971)

Rainbow Bridge (1971)

War Heroes (1972)

Loose Ends (1974)

Crash Landing (1975)

Midnight Lightning (1975)

Nine to the Universe (1980)

Radio One (1988)

First Rays of the New Rising Sun (1997)

South Saturn Delta (1997)

Valleys of Neptune (2010)

See also

Eire Apparent

Electric Church

Rainbow Bridge (film) Maui, Hawaii, 1970

Citations

Further reading

Charles R. Cross, ''Room Full Of Mirrors: A Biography Of Jimi Hendrix, 2005: ISBN 1401300286

Gary Geldeart & Steve Rodham, "From The Benjamin Franklin Studios 3rd Edition Parts 1, 2 & 3" 2008

Curtis Knight, Jimi: An Intimate Biography of Jimi Hendrix, Praegar Publishers, New York, 1974. The book includes A Jimi Hendrix Discography, compiled by John McKellar.

John Kruth, Bright Moments: The Life & Legacy of Rahsaan Roland Kirk, 2004: ISBN 1566491053

Mark Lewisohn, The Complete Beatles Recording Sessions, Hamlyn 1988: ISBN 0600612074. See pp. 164–5 re Apple recording studio.

Ken Matesich, Jimi Hendrix: A Discography, 1982

David Stubbs, Jimi Hendrix: Voodoo Child: The Stories Behind Every Song, 2003

Brad Tolinski and Ross Halfin, Classic Hendrix: The Ultimate Hendrix Experience, Genesis Publications 2004

External links

Official website

Jimpress Magazine

Univibes Magazine

Jimi Hendrix at MySpace

Jimi Hendrix Exhibition - slideshow by The First Post

"Jimi Hendrix: 'You never told me he was that good'" Ed Vulliamy, The Guardian

Category:1942 births Category:1970 deaths Category:1960s singers Category:1970s singers Category:African American guitarists Category:African American rock musicians Category:African American rock singers Category:African American singer-songwriters Category:Alcohol-related deaths in England Category:American baritones Category:American expatriates in the United Kingdom Category:American people of Cherokee descent Category:American people of Native American descent Category:Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award winners Category:Lead guitarists Category:Musicians from Washington (U.S. state) Category:Native American musicians Category:Native American singers Category:Native American songwriters Category:People from Seattle, Washington Category:Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inductees Category:The Jimi Hendrix Experience members Category:United States Army soldiers

Name	Eric Clapton
Alias	Slowhand
Landscape	yes
Background	solo_singer
Birth name	Eric Patrick Clapton
Born	March 30, 1945Ripley, Surrey, England
Instrument	Vocals, Guitar
Genre	Rock, blues-rock, blues, psychedelic rock, hard rock
Occupation	Musician, singer-songwriter, artist
Years active	1962–present
Label	Warner Bros., Reprise, Polydor, RSO, Atco, Apple, DeramBlackieBrownieGibson SGGibson ES-335Gibson Les Paul

Eric Patrick Clapton, CBE (born 30 March 1945) is an English guitarist, vocalist, and songwriter. Clapton is the only three-time inductee to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame: once as a solo artist, and separately as a member of The Yardbirds and Cream. Clapton has been referred to as one of the most important and influential guitarists of all time.

Clapton received an acoustic Hoyer guitar, made in Germany, for his 13th birthday, but the inexpensive steel-stringed instrument was difficult to play and he briefly lost interest. Clapton was influenced by the blues from an early age and practiced long hours to learn chords of blues music he listened to, playing along to the records. He preserved his practice sessions using his portable Grundig reel-to-reel tape recorder, listening to them over and over until he felt he'd got it right.

After leaving school in 1961, Clapton studied at the Kingston College of Art but was dismissed at the end of the academic year because his focus remained on music rather than art. His guitar playing had advanced so far that by the age of sixteen people were starting to notice him. Around this time Clapton began busking around Kingston, Richmond and the West End of London.

1960s

The Yardbirds and the Bluesbreakers

In October 1963, Clapton joined The Yardbirds, a blues-influenced rock and roll band, and stayed with them until March 1965. Synthesising influences from Chicago blues and leading blues guitarists such as Buddy Guy, Freddie King and B. B. King, Clapton forged a distinctive style and rapidly became one of the most talked-about guitarists in the British music scene. While Beck and Page played together in the Yardbirds, the trio of Beck, Page, and Clapton were never in the group together. However, the trio did appear on the 12-date benefit tour for Action for Research into Multiple Sclerosis, as well as on the album Guitar Boogie.

Clapton joined John Mayall & the Bluesbreakers, in April 1965, only to quit a few months later. In the summer of 1965, he left for Greece with a band called The Glands which included his old friend Ben Palmer on piano. In November 1965, he rejoined John Mayall. It was during his second Bluesbreakers stint that his passionate playing established Clapton's name as the best blues guitarist on the club circuit. Although Clapton gained world fame for his playing on the influential album, Blues Breakers, this album was not released until Clapton had left the Bluesbreakers for good. Having swapped his Fender Telecaster and Vox AC30 amplifier for a 1960 Gibson Les Paul Standard guitar and Marshall amplifier, Clapton's sound and playing inspired a well-publicised graffito that deified him with the famous slogan, "Clapton is God". The phrase was spray-painted by an admirer on a wall in an Islington Underground station in the autumn of 1967. The graffiti was captured in a now-famous photograph, in which a dog is urinating on the wall. Clapton is well reported to have been embarrassed by the slogan, saying in The South Bank Show profile of him made in 1987, "I never accepted that I was the greatest guitar player in the world. I always wanted to be the greatest guitar player in the world, but that's an ideal, and I accept it as an ideal". The phrase began to appear in other areas of Islington throughout the mid-60s. Cream's first gig was an unofficial performance at the Twisted Wheel in Manchester on 29 July 1966 before their full debut two nights later at the National Jazz and Blues Festival in Windsor. Cream established its enduring legend with the high-volume blues jamming and extended solos of their live shows.

In early 1967, Clapton's status as Britain's top guitarist was rivalled by the emergence of Jimi Hendrix, an acid rock-infused guitarist who used wailing feedback and effects pedals to create new sounds for the instrument. Hendrix attended a performance of the newly formed Cream at the Central London Polytechnic on 1 October 1966, during which Hendrix sat in on a shattering double-timed version of "Killing Floor". In return, top UK stars including Clapton, Pete Townshend, and members of The Rolling Stones and The Beatles avidly attended Hendrix's early club performances. Hendrix's arrival had an immediate and major effect on the next phase of Clapton's career, although Clapton continued to be recognised in UK music polls as the premier guitarist.

Clapton first visited the United States while touring with Cream. In March 1967, Cream performed a nine show stand at the RKO Theater in New York. They recorded Disraeli Gears in New York from 11–15 May 1967. Cream's repertoire varied from hard-rock ("I Feel Free") to lengthy blues-based instrumental jams ("Spoonful"). Disraeli Gears featured Clapton's searing guitar lines, Bruce's soaring vocals and prominent, fluid bass playing, and Baker's powerful, polyrhythmic jazz-influenced drumming. Together, Cream's talents secured themselves as an influential power trio.

In 28 months, Cream had become a commercial success, selling millions of records and playing throughout the U.S. and Europe. They redefined the instrumentalist's role in rock and were one of the first blues-rock bands to emphasise musical virtuosity and lengthy jazz-style improvisation sessions. Their U.S. hit singles include "Sunshine of Your Love" (#5, 1968), "White Room" (#6, 1968) and "Crossroads" (#28, 1969) – a live version of Robert Johnson's "Cross Road Blues". Though Cream was hailed as one of the greatest groups of its day, and the adulation of Clapton as a guitar hero reached new heights, the supergroup was destined to be short-lived. Drug and alcohol use escalated tension between the three members and the conflicts between Bruce and Baker eventually led to Cream's demise. A strongly critical Rolling Stone review of a concert of the group's second headlining U.S. tour was another significant factor in the trio's demise, and it affected Clapton profoundly as well. The Layla LP was actually recorded by a five-piece version of the group, thanks to the unforeseen inclusion of guitarist Duane Allman of The Allman Brothers Band. A few days into the Layla sessions, Dowd—who was also producing the Allmans—invited Clapton to an Allman Brothers outdoor concert in Miami. The two guitarists met first on-stage, then played all night in the studio and became friends. Duane first added his slide guitar to "Tell the Truth" and "Nobody Knows You When You're Down and Out". In four days, the five-piece Dominos recorded "Key to the Highway", "Have You Ever Loved a Woman"; a blues standard popularised by Freddie King (amongst other blues players), and "Why Does Love Got to be So Sad". When September came around, Duane briefly left the sessions for gigs with his own band, and the four-piece Dominos recorded "I Looked Away", "Bell Bottom Blues", and "Keep on Growing". Duane returned to record "I am Yours", "Anyday", and "It's Too Late". On the 9th, they recorded Hendrix's "Little Wing" and the title track. The following day, the final track, "It's Too Late" was recorded.

Solo career

Clapton's career successes in the 1970s were in stark contrast to his personal life, which was troubled by romantic longings and drug and alcohol addiction. In January 1973, The Who's Pete Townshend organised a comeback concert for Clapton at London's Rainbow Theatre aptly titled the "Rainbow Concert" to help Clapton kick his addiction. Clapton would return the favour by playing 'The Preacher' in Ken Russell's film version of The Who's Tommy in 1975; his appearance in the film (performing "Eyesight to the Blind") is notable as he is clearly wearing a fake beard in some shots, the result of deciding to shave off his real beard after the initial takes in an attempt to force the director to remove his earlier scene from the movie and leave the set.

with Clapton promoting 461 Ocean Boulevard in 1975]] In 1974, now partnered with Pattie (they would not actually marry until 1979) and no longer using heroin (although starting to drink heavily), Clapton put together a more low-key touring band that included Radle, Miami guitarist George Terry, keyboardist Dick Sims, drummer Jamie Oldaker and vocalists Yvonne Elliman and Marcy Levy (also known as Marcella Detroit). With this band Clapton recorded 461 Ocean Boulevard (1974), an album with an emphasis on more compact songs and fewer guitar solos; the cover version of "I Shot The Sheriff" was Clapton's first #1 hit and was important in bringing reggae and the music of Bob Marley to a wider audience. The 1975 album There's One in Every Crowd continued this trend. The album's original title The World's Greatest Guitar Player (There's One In Every Crowd) was changed before pressing, as it was felt its ironic intention would be misunderstood. The band toured the world and subsequently released the 1975 live LP, E.C. Was Here. Clapton and Boyd divorced in 1988 following his affair with Italian model Lory Del Santo, who gave birth to their son Conor on 21 August 1986. Their divorce was granted on grounds of "infidelity and unreasonable behaviour."

1990s

The 1990s brought a series of 32 concerts to the Royal Albert Hall, such as the 24 Nights series of concerts that took place around January through February 1990, and February through March 1991. On 27 August 1990, fellow blues guitarist Stevie Ray Vaughan, who was touring with Clapton, and two members of their road crew were killed in a helicopter crash between concerts. Then, on 20 March 1991, Eric's four year old son, Conor, died on impact after a fall from the 53rd-story window of his mother's friend's New York City apartment, landing on the roof of an adjacent four-story building. Clapton finished the twentieth century with collaborations with Carlos Santana and B. B. King.

In 1996 Clapton had a relationship with singer/songwriter Sheryl Crow. They remain friends, and Clapton appeared as a guest on Sheryl Crow's Central Park Concert. The duo performed a Cream hit single "White Room". Later, Clapton and Crow performed an alternate version of "Tulsa Time" with other guitar legends at the Crossroads Guitar Festival in June 2007.

In 1999 Clapton, then 54, met 23-year-old store clerk Melia McEnery (from Columbus, Ohio) in Los Angeles while working on an album with B. B. King. They married on 1 January 2002 at St Mary Magdalen church in Clapton's birthplace, Ripley, and as of 2005 have three daughters, Julie Rose (13 June 2001), Ella May (14 January 2003), and Sophie Belle (1 February 2005). He wrote the song "Three Little Girls", featured on his 2006 album The Road to Escondido, about the contentment he has found in his family life at home with them.

2000s

of Hannover (Germany) on 2 April 2004]] Following the release of the 2001 record Reptile, Eric performed "Layla" and "While My Guitar Gently Weeps" at the Party at the Palace in 2002. On 29 November of that year the Concert for George was held at the Royal Albert Hall, a tribute to George Harrison who had died a year earlier of cancer. Clapton was a performer, and also the musical director. The concert featured Paul McCartney, Ringo Starr, Jeff Lynne, Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers, Ravi Shankar, Gary Brooker, Billy Preston, Joe Brown and Dhani Harrison. In 2004, Clapton released two albums packed full of covers by legendary bluesman Robert Johnson, Me and Mr. Johnson and Sessions for Robert J. The same year Rolling Stone ranked Clapton #53 on their list of the "100 Greatest Artists of All Time". The aforementioned 1964 ES-335 had a storied career. Clapton used it at the last Cream show in November 1968 as well as with Blind Faith, played sparingly for slide pieces in the 1970s, heard on "Hard Times" from Journeyman, the Hyde Park live concert of 1996 and the From the Cradle sessions and tour of 1994/95. It was sold for $847,500 at the 2004 auction. At the 1969 Blind Faith concert in Hyde Park, London Clapton played a Fender Custom Telecaster, which was fitted with Brownie's neck.

In late 1969, Clapton made the switch to the Fender Stratocaster. "I had a lot of influences when I took up the Strat. First there was Buddy Holly, and Buddy Guy. Hank Marvin was the first well known person over here in England who was using one, but that wasn't really my kind of music. Steve Winwood had so much credibility, and when he started playing one, I thought, oh, if he can do it, I can do it." His 1939 000-42 Martin that he played on the Unplugged album sold for $791,500 at auction. Clapton plays a custom 000-ECHF Martin these days.

In 1999, Clapton auctioned off some of his guitar collection to raise more than $5 million for continuing support of the Crossroads Centre in Antigua, which he founded in 1997.

In 2010, Eric Clapton announced that he would be auctioning off over 150 items at a New York auction in 2011. Proceeds will benefit his Crossroads Centre in Antigua. Items include Clapton's guitar from the Cream reunion tour in 2005, speaker cabinets used in the early 70's from his days with Derek and the Dominoes, and some guitars from Jeff Beck, J.J. Cale, and Joe Bonamassa.

In an interview from October 1976 with Sounds magazine, Clapton remarked: "I thought it was quite funny actually. I don't know much about politics. I don't even know if it would be good or bad for him to get in. I don't even know who the Prime Minister is now. I just don't know what came over me that night. It must have been something that happened in the day but it came out in this garbled thing... I thought the whole thing was like Monty Python. There's this rock group playing on-stage and the singer starts talking about politics. It's so stupid. Those people who paid their money sittin' listening to this madman dribbling on and the band meanwhile getting fidgety thinking 'oh dear'."

In a 2004 interview with Uncut, Clapton referred to Powell as "outrageously brave", and stated that his "feeling about this has not changed", because the UK is still "... inviting people in as cheap labour and then putting them in ghettos." In 2004, Clapton told an interviewer for Scotland on Sunday, "There's no way I could be a racist. It would make no sense". In his 2007 autobiography, Clapton called himself "deliberately oblivious to it all" and wrote, "I had never really understood or been directly affected by racial conflict... when I listened to music, I was disinterested in where the players came from or what colour their skin was. Interesting, then, that 10 years later, I would be labelled a racist... Since then, I have learnt to keep my opinions to myself. Of course, it might also have had something to do with the fact that Pattie had just been leered at by a member of the Saudi royal family." In a December 2007 interview with Melvin Bragg on The South Bank Show, Clapton reiterated his support for Enoch Powell and again denied that Powell's views were "racist".

Awards and honours

Football

In 1982, he performed a concert before West Bromwich Albion player John Wile's testimonial game at the Hawthorns, and it is often reported by various sources that Clapton (despite being from London more than 100 miles away) is an Albion supporter. Credence for this notion can be taken from the cover pictures to the "Backless" solo album, where he is seen on the front cover to be wearing a football scarf; the rear cover photograph reveals the slogan "ALBION" on the scarf. It has also been reported that the club rejected his offer to invest cash in them around this time, and that he has since expressed more of an interest in Chelsea instead.

Clapton's music in film and TV

Mean Streets (1973) – "I Looked Away"

Purple Haze (1983) - "I Feel Free"

The Hit (1984) – Score

Back to the Future (1985) – Heaven Is One Step Away

Edge of Darkness (1985) – Soundtrack

The Color of Money (1986) – "It's In The Way That You Use It"

SpaceCamp (1986 film) – "Forever Man" plays when Tate Donovan's character arrives at the Space Camp.

The German car manufacturer Opel and Vauxhall in the UK used the guitar riff of Clapton's "Layla" in its advertising campaign throughout in 1987–95.

Lethal Weapon (1987) – Soundtrack with Michael Kamen

Lethal Weapon 2 (1989) – "Knockin' On Heaven's Door"

Goodfellas (1990) – "Layla" and "Sunshine of Your Love"

Rush (1991) – Clapton wrote the score

Wayne's World (1992) – "Loving your Loving"

Peter's Friends (1992) – "Give Me Strength"

Lethal Weapon 3 (1992) - Clapton contributed to the score and co-wrote and co-performed the song "It's Probably Me" with Sting and "Runaway Train" with Elton John.

True Lies (1994) – "Sunshine of Your Love"

The Simpsons episode "Mother Simpson" (1995) – "Sunshine of Your Love"

Twister (1996) – "Motherless Child"

Phenomenon (1996) – "Change the World"

The Van (1996) – (Soundtrack)

Happy Gilmore (1996) - "Wonderful Tonight"

Patch Adams (1998) – "Let It Rain"

Lethal Weapon 4 (1998) – "Pilgrim"

City of Angels (1998) – "Further On Up The Road"

Buffy the Vampire Slayer episodes "Band Candy" and "Forever" (1998) – "Tales of Brave Ulysses"

Runaway Bride (1999) – "Blue Eyes Blue "

The Story of Us (1999) – "(I) Get Lost" (featured multiple times)

Friends episode "The One with the Proposal, Part 2" (2000) - "Wonderful Tonight"

Dancing At The Blue Iguana (2000) – "River of Tears"

A Knight's Tale (2001) – "Further On Up The Road"

Blow (2001) – "Strange Brew"

Friends episode "The One Where Rachel Has a Baby, Part Two" (2002) - "River of Tears"

Futurama episode "The 30% Iron Chef" (2002) – "Sunshine of Your Love"

The Sopranos episode "Whitecaps" (2002) – Tony Soprano is seen listening to "Layla" in his Suburban.

School Of Rock (2003) – "Sunshine of Your Love"

Starsky & Hutch (2004) – "Cocaine"

Anger Management (2004) – "Strange Brew"

Fahrenheit 9/11 (2004) – "Cocaine"

Bad News Bears (2005) – "Cocaine"

Lords of Dogtown (2005) – "Strange Brew"

Lord of War (2005) – "Cocaine"

United States of Tara episode – "Cocaine"

The Good Guys Episode Silvio's Way - "Layla"

Due Date (2010) – "White Room"

Discography

Band

, Derek Trucks, Steve Jordan, Eric Clapton, Willie Weeks 2006–2007]]

2006–07 Tour Band

European Tour

Eric Clapton – guitars, vocals

Doyle Bramhall II – guitars, backing vocals

Derek Trucks – slide guitar, guitar

Chris Stainton – keyboards

Tim Carmon – keyboards

Willie Weeks – bass guitar

Steve Jordan – drums

The Kick Horns (Simon Clarke, Roddy Lorimer, and Tim Sanders) – brass

Michelle John – backing vocals

Sharon White – backing vocals

North America – Eastern Region, Japan, Australia and New Zealand – Crossroads Guitar Festival 2007

Eric Clapton – guitars, vocals

Doyle Bramhall II – guitars, backing vocals

Derek Trucks – slide guitar, guitar

Chris Stainton – keyboards

Tim Carmon – keyboards

Willie Weeks – bass guitar

Steve Jordan – drums

Jerry Douglas – slide guitar on Crossroads Guitar Festival 2007

Michelle John – backing vocals

Sharon White – backing vocals

Support act for European and North America: The Robert Cray Band

2008 Summer Tour Band

Eastern U.S. / Canada Tour

Eric Clapton – guitars, vocals

Doyle Bramhall II – guitars, backing vocals

Chris Stainton – keyboards

Pino Palladino – bass

Robert Randolph – slide guitar

Ian Thomas – drums

Sharon White – backing vocals

Michelle John – backing vocals

European Tour

Eric Clapton – guitars, vocals

Doyle Bramhall II – guitars, backing vocals

Chris Stainton – keyboards

Willie Weeks – bass

Abe Laboriel, Jr. – drums

Sharon White – backing vocals

Michelle John – backing vocals

2009 Tour Band

Japan / Australia / New Zealand Tour

Eric Clapton – guitars, vocals

Doyle Bramhall II – guitars, backing vocals

Chris Stainton – keyboards

Willie Weeks – bass

Abe Laboriel, Jr. – drums

Sharon White – backing vocals

Michelle John – backing vocals

UK / Ireland Tour

Eric Clapton – guitars, vocals

Andy Fairweather-Low – guitars, backing vocals

Doyle Bramhall II – guitars, backing vocals (on the RAH shows of 26–31 May)

Chris Stainton – keyboards

Willie Weeks – bass

Tim Carmon – keyboards

Steve Gadd – drums

Sharon White – backing vocals

Michelle John – backing vocals

US Tour with Steve Winwood – (10 June – 30 June)

Eric Clapton – guitars, vocals

Steve Winwood – vocals, Hammond B3, piano, guitars

Chris Stainton – keyboards

Willie Weeks – bass

Abe Laboriel, Jr. – drums

Michelle John – backing vocals

Sharon White – backing vocals

2010 Tour Band

Eric Clapton – guitars, vocals

Chris Stainton – keyboards

Willie Weeks – bass

Walt Richmond – keyboards

Steve Gadd – drums

Sharon White – backing vocals

Michelle John – backing vocals

European Tour with Steve Winwood – (18 May – 13 June)

Eric Clapton – guitars, vocals

Steve Winwood – guitars, vocals, piano, Hammond B3

Chris Stainton – keyboards

Willie Weeks – bass

Steve Gadd – drums

Michelle John – backing vocals

Sharon White – backing vocals

Previous band members

Albert Lee – guitar, vocals, backing vocals

Tim Renwick – guitar

Andy Fairweather-Low – guitar, backing vocals

Phil Palmer – guitar

George Terry – guitar, backing vocals

Mark Knopfler – guitar

Alan Darby – guitar

Greg Phillinganes – keyboards, hammond organ, backing vocals

Billy Preston – Hammond B3 Organ

David Sancious – keyboards, guitar, harmonica, backing vocals

Joe Sample – piano, Wurlitzer

Dick Sims – keyboards

Alan Clark – piano, keyboards

Jim Taylor – xylophone

Gary Brooker – keyboards, backing vocals

Chuck Leavell – piano, keyboards, hammond organ

Chris Stainton – piano, keyboards

Donald "Duck" Dunn – bass guitar

Carl Radle – bass guitar, guitar

Nathan East – bass guitar, vocals, backing vocals

Pino Palladino – bass guitar

Dave Bronze – bass guitar

Paulinho Da Costa – percussion

Jim Gordon – drums, piano

Steve Ferrone – drums

Steve Gadd – drums

Roger Hawkins – drums

Jim Keltner – drums

Richie Hayward – drums

Andy Newmark – drums

Jamie Oldaker – drums

Henry Spinetti – drums

Phil Collins – drums, vocals

Ricky Lawson – drums

Ray Cooper – percussion

Yvonne Elliman – vocals, backing vocals, guitar

Katie Kissoon – backing vocals

Marcy Levy – vocals, backing vocals, harmonica

Shaun Murphy - backing vocals

Tessa Niles – backing vocals

Maggie Ryder – backing vocals

See also

The Yardbirds

John Mayall & the Bluesbreakers

Cream

Blind Faith

Delaney & Bonnie and Friends

The Plastic Ono Band

Derek and the Dominos

References

Further reading

On Eric Clapton's career :

* Robin Bextor, Eric Clapton: Now & Then, Carlton Books, 2006, 144 pp.

* Eric Clapton, Clapton, The Autobiography, 2007 and 2008, Broadway Books, 352 pp. / Arrow, 400 pages / Century, 384 pp.

* Eric Clapton, Derek Taylor and Peter Blake, 24 Nights, Genesis Publications, 2 volumes, 1992, 198 and 64 pp. Eric Clapton's signed limited edition books, in a Solander box with 2 live CD

* Ray Coleman, Clapton!: The Authorized Biography, Warner Books, 368 pp, or Futura, 336 pages, 1986; originally publ. as "Survivor: The Authorized Biography", Sidgwick & Jackson, 1985, 300 pp.

* Geoffrey Giuliano, Brenda Giuliano and Deborah Lynn Black, The Illustrated Eric Clapton, Sunburst Books, 1994, 96 pp.

* George Harrison, Eric Clapton & al, Live in Japan: A celebration of George Harrison’s ‘Rock Legends’ Tour with Eric Clapton Band, Genesis Publications, 1993, 274 pp. George Harrison's signed limited black leather edition book, in a box with 2 live CD.

* Christopher Hjort w/ a foreword by John Mayall, Strange brew: Eric Clapton and the British Blues Boom, 1965-1970, Jawbone, 2007, 352 pp.

* John Pidgeon, Eric Clapton: A Biography, Panther, 1976, ... pages; rev. & upd. Vermilion, 1985 or 1987, 123 pp.

* Marc Roberty, Eric Clapton: The Complete Recording Sessions 1963-1992, Blandford or St. Martin’s Press, 1993, 192 pp.

* Marc Roberty, Slowhand: The Life & Music of Eric Clapton, Octopus or Harmony, 1991, 176 pp; upd. ed. Crown, 1993, 192 pp.

* Marc Roberty, Eric Clapton in His Own Words, Omnibus Press, 1993, 96 pp.

* Marc Roberty, Eric Clapton: The New Visual Documentary, Omnibus Press, 1990, 128 pp.; rev. ed., 1994, ...pp.; originally publ. as ''Eric Clapton: A Visual Documentary, 1986, ... pp.

* Marc Roberty, Clapton: The Complete Chronicle, Pyramid, 1991, 176 pp. / Mitchell Beazley 1993, 192 pp.

* Marc Roberty, Eric Clapton: The Man, the Music and the Memorabilia, Paper Tiger-Dragon’s World, 1994, 226 pp.

* Marc Roberty, The Complete Guide to the Music of Eric Clapton, Omnibus Press, 1995, 152 pp. CD format; rev. ed., 2005, 128 pp.

* Marc Roberty, Eric Clapton, CD Books, Orion, 1994, ...pp or MBS (Miami), 1996, 120 pp. CD format

* Marc Roberty and Chris Welch, Eric Clapton: The Illustrated Disco/Biography, Omnibus Press, 1984, 80 pp. or Beekman (New York), 1990, ...pp.

* Christopher Sandford, Clapton: Edge of Darkness, Victor Gollancz, 1994, 322 pp.

* Michael Schumacher, Crossroads: The Life and Music of Eric Clapton, Hyperion, 1995, 388 pp.; rev. ed, Time Warner p'backs, 1998, 411 pp.; new ed. titled Eric Clapton, Sphere, 2008, 432 pp.

* Harry Shapiro, Eric Clapton: Lost in The Blues, Guinness Books or Muze, 1992, 256 pp.; rev. ed. Da Capo press, 1193, 225 pp.; originally publ. as Slowhand: The Story of Eric Clapton, Proteus Books, 1985, 160 pp.

* Dave Thompson, Cream: The World's First Supergroup, Virgin Books, 2005, 256 pp.; rev., upd. & illustr. ed. titled Cream: How Eric Clapton Took the World By Storm, 2006, 320 pp.

* Steve Turner, Conversations with Eric Clapton, London: Abacus, 1976, 116 pp.

* Fred Weiler, Eric Clapton, Smithmark-Penguin or Bison Books, 1992, ... pp.

* Chris Welch, Cream: Stange Brew, Castle Communications or Sanctuary or Penguin, 1994, 176 pp.; Backbeat Books, 2000, 192 pp.

About Clapton's playing and sound :

External links

Eric Clapton & Steve Winwood @ Bucharest (review)

An Interview with Eric Clapton Guitar Technician Lee Dickson

Article on Bluesbreakers Les Paul

Gibson article on obtaining the "Woman Tone"

Review: Eric Clapton at Floridita

Eric Clapton FAQ

http://www.whereseric.com/ecfaq/guitars-amps/fool-guitar-psychedelic-gibson-sg.html

Category:1945 births Category:1960s singers Category:1970s singers Category:1980s singers Category:1990s singers Category:2000s singers Category:2010s singers Category:Living people Category:English blues guitarists Category:English blues musicians Category:English blues singers Category:English buskers Category:English Christians Category:English guitarists Category:Resonator guitarists Category:English male singers Category:English people of Canadian descent Category:English rock musicians Category:English rock guitarists Category:English rock singers Category:English singer-songwriters Category:Electric blues musicians Category:Blues-rock musicians Category:Blues singer-songwriters Category:Commanders of the Order of the British Empire Category:Grammy Award winners Category:BRIT Award winners Category:Lead guitarists Category:People associated with The Beatles Category:People from Guildford (district) Category:Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inductees Category:Songwriters Hall of Fame inductees Category:Blind Faith members Category:Cream (band) members Category:John Mayall & the Bluesbreakers members Category:Derek and the Dominos members Category:Delaney & Bonnie & Friends members Category:Plastic Ono Band members Category:The Yardbirds members Category:Warner Bros. Records artists Category:Reprise Records artists Category:Alumni of Kingston University Category:People self-identifying as alcoholics Category:Slide guitarists Category:Guitar performance techniques Category:Silver Clef Awards winners Category:The Dirty Mac

Name	Buddy Guy
Landscape	no
Alias	Friendly Chap
Background	solo_singer
Birth name	George Guy
Born	July 30, 1936Lettsworth, LouisianaUnited States
Instrument	Guitar, vocals
Genre	Chicago blues, electric blues
Occupation	Musician, songwriter
Years active	1953–present
Label	Cobra, Chess, Delmark, Silvertone, MCA, Atlantic, MPS, Charly, Zomba Music Group, Jive, Vanguard, JSP Records, Rhino Records, Purple Pyramid, Flyright, AIM Recording Co., Alligator Records, Blues Ball Records
Associated acts	Junior Wells
Url	Official Website
Notable instruments	Fender Buddy Guy Signature Stratocaster

George "Buddy" Guy (born July 30, 1936) |- | Coming At You || 1968 || Vanguard || |- | Blues Today || 1968 || Vanguard || |- | This Is Buddy Guy (live) || 1968 || Vanguard || |- | Hot And Cool || 1969 || Vanguard || |- | First Time I Met the Blues-Python || 1969 || || |- | Buddy and the Juniors || 1970 || MCA || w/ Junior Mance & Junior Wells |- | Buddy & Junior Mance & Junior Wells || 1971 || Harvest (UK)|| UK release of Buddy and the Juniors |- | South Side Blues Jam || 1970 || Delmark || w/ Junior Wells and Otis Spann |- | In The Beginning || 1971 || Red Lightnin’ || |- | Play The Blues || 1972 || Rhino || w/ Junior Wells |- | Hold That Plane! || 1972 || Vanguard || |- | I Was Walking Through the Woods || 1974 || Chess || rec. 1960–64 |- | Got to Use Your Head || 1979 || Blues Ball || |- | The Dollar Done Fell || 1980 || JSP || |- | Stone Crazy! || 1981 || Alligator || |- | Alone & Acoustic || 1981 || Alligator || w/ Junior Wells, released only in France |- | Drinkin' TNT 'n' Smokin' Dynamite (live) || 1982 || Blind Pig || rec. 1974 Montreux Jazz Festival |- | DJ Play My Blues || 1982 || JSP || |- | Buddy Guy || 1983 || Chess || |- | The Original Blues Brothers (live) || 1983 || Blue Moon || |- | Ten Blue Fingers || 1985 || JSP Records || |- | Atlantic Blues: Chicago || 1986 || Atlantic || |- | Chess Masters || 1987 || Charly || |- | Live at the Checkerboard Lounge, Chicago-1979 || 1988 || JSP Records || |- | Breaking Out || 1988 || JSP Records || |- | I Ain’t Got No Money || 1989 || Flyright || |- | Alone & Acoustic || 1991 || Alligator || reissue, rec. 1981 w/ Junior Wells |- | Damn Right, I've Got the Blues || 1991 || Silvertone/BMG || |- | Buddy's Baddest: The Best of Buddy Guy || 1991 || Silvertone || |- | My Time After Awhile || 1992 || Vanguard || |- | The Very Best of Buddy Guy || 1992 || Rhino/WEA || |- | The Complete Chess Studio Recordings || 1992 || Chess || 2 CD, 1960–67 |- | Live at Montreaux || 1992 || Evidence || w/ Junior Wells |- | Feels Like Rain || 1993 || Silvertone || |- | Slippin' In || 1994 || Silvertone || |- | Live: The Real Deal || 1996 || Silvertone || |- | Buddy's Blues || 1997 || Chess "Chess Masters" || |- | Buddy’s Blues 1978-1982: The Best of the JSP Recordings || 1998 || JSP Records || |- | As Good As It Gets || 1998 || Vanguard || |- | Heavy Love || 1998 || Silvertone || |- | Last Time Around - Live at Legends || 1998 || Jive || w/Junior Wells |- | This Is Buddy Guy || 1998 || VMD || |- | Blues Master || 1998 || Vanguard || |- | || 1999 || Silvertone || |- | The Complete Vanguard Recordings || 2000 || Vanguard || |- | Every Day I Have the Blues || 2000 || Purple Pyramid || w/ Junior Wells |- | 20th Century Masters: The Millennium: The Best of Buddy Guy || 2001 || MCA || |- | Sweet Tea || 2001 || Jive || |- | Double Dynamite || 2001 || AIM Recording Co. || Import |- | Blues Singer '' || 2003 || Silvertone || |- | Chicago Blues Festival 1964 (live) || 2003 || Stardust || |- | Jammin’ Blues Electric & Acoustic || 2003 || Sony || a compilation of tracks from and Last Time Around - Live At Legends |- | Live At the Mystery Club || 2003 || Quicksilver || the same recording as Every Day I Have The Blues |- | A Night of the Blues || 2005 || || w/ Junior Wells - Master Classics - the same recording as Every Day I Have The Blues |- | Bring 'Em In || 2005 || Jive || |- | Can't Quit The Blues:Box Set || 2006 || Silvertone/Legacy Recordings || |- | Live: The Real Deal || 2006 || Sony || with G. E. Smith & the Saturday Night Live Band |- | || 2007 || Vanguard || with Joss Stone and the Dirty Dozen Brass Band, performing "Every Night About This Time". |- | Skin Deep || 2008 || Jive || |- | The Definitive Buddy Guy || 2009 || Shout! Factory || his first single-disc career-spanning CD |- | Living Proof || 2010 || Jive || |}

See also

Chicago Blues Festival

References

“Damn Right I've Got the Blues: Buddy Guy and the Blues Roots of Rock-And-Roll (1993) by Donald Wilcox and Buddy Guy, Duane Press 1999 paperback: ISBN 0-942627-13-X

External links

Buddy Guy: Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inductee

Buddy Guy: Official Website by Jive Records

Buddy Guy: Billboard Magazine’s Century Award

[ Buddy Guy: Allmusic biography]

Buddy Guy: Tribute Site

Buddy Guy: Buddy's Chicago Club Website

Buddy Guy Interview & Music Video

Buddy Guy at Legacy Recordings - A focus on Buddy's catalog

Magazine articles

"Roll Hall of Fame 2005: Buddy Guy" Rolling Stone, March 8, 2005

April 2005 interview from Modern Guitars magazine

"Damn Right He's Buddy Guy" Rolling Stone, May 22, 1998

1998 interview from Guitar World magazine

June 1996 interview from GuitarTechniques magazine

July 1996 interview from Total Guitar magazine

"The Blues Are the Truth" Rolling Stone, September 28, 1968

"Down Home With Buddy Guy" Cover story, "Seventh Hour Blues Magazine" 2006

News articles

Seattle Times article: Hendrix 2004 tribute concerts">Seattle Times article: Hendrix 2004 tribute concerts

Articles: Historic Legends of Blues Concert at Lincoln Center Jan. 28, 2005

Article: Hendrix 60th birthday tribute concert

Category:1936 births Category:Living people Category:African American musicians Category:American blues singers Category:American blues musicians Category:American blues guitarists Category:Blues Hall of Fame inductees Category:Contemporary blues musicians Category:Musicians from Louisiana Category:Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inductees Category:People from Baton Rouge, Louisiana Category:United States National Medal of Arts recipients Category:Grammy Award winners Category:Chicago blues musicians Category:Electric blues musicians Category:Lead guitarists Category:Chess Records artists Category:Vanguard Records artists Category:Delmark Records artists Category:MCA Records artists Category:MPS Records artists Category:Atlantic Records artists Category:Charly Records artists Category:Jive Records artists Category:Zomba Group artists

Name	Bud Spencer
Caption	Spencer in December 2009
Birth name	Carlo Pedersoli
Birth date	October 31, 1929
Birth place	Naples, Italy
Death date
Other names	Carl Spencer
Occupation	Writer, Actor, former Swimmer, Singer, Composer, Jurist, Screenplaywriter, Fashion designer, Record producer
Years active	1951–present
Spouse	Maria Amato (1960–present)

Bud Spencer (born Carlo Pedersoli on 31 October 1929) is an Italian actor, filmmaker, former swimmer (he was the first Italian to swim 100m in less than a minute). He is known for past roles in spaghetti westerns together with his long time filmpartner Terence Hill. Growing from a successful swimmer in his youth, he got a degree in law, and has registered several patents.

Swimming and water polo career

A successful swimmer in his youth, Spencer was the first Italian to swim the 100 m freestyle in less than one minute. He achieved this on 19 September 1950, when he swam the 100 m in 59.5 s. During the 1950s and part of the 1960s, Spencer appeared in some Italian films but "his career was strictly minor league until the late 1960s."

Spencer met Terence Hill, with whom he made a large number of Italian Westerns and other films together, including (named using their most common US titles):

#Hannibal (1959) #God Forgives... I Don't! (1967) #Ace High (1968) #Boot Hill (1969) #They Call Me Trinity (1970) #Blackie the Pirate (1971) #Trinity Is Still My Name (1971) #All the Way, Boys (1972) #Watch Out, We're Mad (1974) #Two Missionaries (1975) #Crime Busters (1976) #Odds and Evens (1978) #I'm For the Hippopotamus (1979) #A friend is a treasure (1981) #Go For It! (1983) #Double Trouble (1984) #Miami Supercops (1985) #Troublemakers (1994)

Films with Spencer in solo performance include: #The Five Man Army (1969) #It Can Be Done Amigo (1972) #Piedone, the cop (1973) #They Call Him Bulldozer (1978) #The Sheriff and the Satellite Kid (1979) #Everything Happens to Me (1980) #Banana Joe (1982) #Superfantagenio (1986)

Many of these have alternate titles, depending upon the country and distributor. Some have longer Italian versions that were edited for release abroad. These films gathered popularity for both actors, especially in Europe. Practically all of Spencer's roles have him playing an omnipotent buffoon castigating cretinous henchmen in hysterical ways.

The main dubber of Bud Spencer in Italy is Glauco Onorato, who with his characteristic voice, successfully enriched the character of Bud Spencer with many particularities. In some movies the dubber is Sergio Fiorentini (Botte di Natale, Al limite and the series of Detective Extralarge). In the movie Oggi a te domani a me the dubber is Ferruccio Amendola

Spencer also wrote the complete or partial screenplay for some of his movies. His fan base is particularly large in Europe. His feature film career slowed down after 1983, shifting more toward television. In the 1990s he acted in the TV action-drama "Extralarge".

Personal life

After appearing in Più forte, ragazzi!, Spencer became a jet airplane and helicopter pilot. He established Mistral Air in 1984, an air-mail company that also transports pilgrims, but later sold it to Poste Italiane to buy a textile mill that produced clothes for children.

Career in politics

In 2005, Pedersoli entered politics, unsuccessfully standing as regional counselor in Lazio for the Forza Italia party. Spencer has stated: "In my life, I've done everything. There are only three things I haven't been - a ballet dancer, a jockey and a politician. Given that the first two jobs are out of the question, I'll throw myself into politics." The opposition criticised him for engaging in "politica spettacolo" ("showbiz politics").

Filmography

{| class=wikitable |- | Year ! width="200pt" | Film ! width="200pt" | Role |- | 1951 || Quo Vadis (as Carlo Pedersoli) || Imperial Guard |- | 1954 || Siluri umani (English title: Human Torpedoes) (as Carlo Pedersoli) || Magrini |- | 1955 || Un Eroe dei nostri tempi (English title: A hero of our times) (as Carlo Pedersoli) || Fernando |- | 1957 || Cocco di mamma, Il (English title: Mamma's boy) (as Carlo Pedersoli) || Oscar |- | 1957 || A Farewell to Arms (as Carlo Pedersoli) || Carabiniere |- | 1960 || Annibale (English title: Hannibal) (as Carlo Pedersoli) |- | 1967 || Dio perdona... Io no! (English title: God forgives... I Don't!) || Hutch Bessy |- | 1968 || Oggi a me... domani a te! (English title: Today it's me) || O'Bannion |- | 1968 || Al di là della legge (English title: Beyond the law) || James Cooper |- | 1968 || Ace High (Italian title: I Quattro dell'Ave Maria) || Hutch Bessy |- | 1969 || Dio è con noi (English title: Crime of Defeat)(USA title: The Fifth Day of Peace) || Cpl. Jelinek |- | 1969 || Un Esercito di cinque uomini (English title: The Five Man Army) || Mesito |- | 1969 || La Collina degli stivali (English title: Boot Hill) || Hutch Bessy |- | 1970 || Lo chiamavano Trinità (English title: They Call Me Trinity) || Bambino |- | 1971 ||| Il Corsaro nero (English title: Blackie the Pirate) || Skull |- | 1971 || ...continuavano a chiamarlo Trinità (English title: Trinity Is Still My Name) || Bambino |- | 1971 || 4 mosche di velluto grigio (English title: Four Flies on Grey Velvet) || Godfrey 'God' |- | 1972 || Torino nera (English title: Black Turin) || Rosario Rao |- | 1972 || Più forte, ragazzi! (English title: All the way boys) || Salud |- | 1972 || Si può fare... amigo (English title: Bulldozer Is Back Amigo) || Hiram Coburn |- | 1972 || Una Ragione per vivere e una per morire (English title: A Reason to Live, a Reason to Die) || Eli Sampson |- | 1973 || Anche gli angeli mangiano fagioli (English title: Even Angels Eat Beans) || Charlie Smith |- | 1973 || Piedone lo sbirro (English title: A Fistful of Hell) || Inspector 'Flatfoot' Rizzo |- | 1974 || Porgi l'altra guancia (English title: Turn the Other Cheek) || Father/Padre Pedro |- | 1974 || Altrimenti ci arrabbiamo (English title: Watch Out, We're Mad) || Ben |- | 1975 || Piedone a Hong Kong (English title: Flatfoot in Hong Kong) || Inspector 'Flatfoot' Rizzo |- | 1976 || I Due superpiedi quasi piatti (English title: Crime Busters) || Wilbur Walsh |- | 1976 || Il Soldato di ventura (English title: Soldier of Fortune) || Hector Fieramosca |- | 1977 || Charleston || Charleston |- | 1978 || Piedone l'africano (English title: Knock-Out Cop) || Inspector 'Flatfoot' Rizzo |- | 1978 || Lo chiamavano Bulldozer (English title: Uppercut) || Bulldozer |- | 1978 || Pari e dispari (English title: Trinity: Gambling for High Stakes) || Charlie Firpo |- | 1979 || Uno sceriffo extraterrestre - poco extra e molto terrestre (English title: The Sheriff and the Satellite Kid) || Sceriffo Scott (Sheriff Hall) |- | 1979 || Piedone d'Egitto (English title: Flatfoot in Egypt) || Inspector 'Flatfoot' Rizzo |- | 1979 || Io sto con gli ippopotami (English title: I'm for the Hippopotamus) || Tom |- | 1980 || Chissà perché... capitano tutte a me (English title: Everything Happens to Me) || Sheriff Hall |- | 1981 || Occhio alla penna (English title: Buddy goes West) || Buddy |- | 1981 || Chi trova un amico, trova un tesoro (English title: A friend is a treasure) || Charlie O'Brien |- | 1982 || Cane e gatto (English title: Cat and Dog) || Sergeant Parker |- | 1982 || Banana Joe || Banana Joe |- | 1982 || Bomber || Bud Graziano |- | 1983 || Nati con la camicia (English title: Go for it) || Doug O'Riordan alias Mason |- | 1984 || Double Trouble (Italian title: Non c'è due senza quattro) || Greg Wonder/Antonio Coimbra de la Coronilla y Azevedo |- | 1985 || Miami Supercops || Steve Forest |- | 1986 || Superfantagenio (USA title: Aladdin) || Genie |- | 1988–1989 || Big man (TV Series) || Jack Clementi |- | 1990–1993 || Extralarge (TV Series) || Jack 'Extralarge' Costello |- | 1991 || Un piede in Paradiso (English title: Speaking of the devil) || John "Bull" Webster |- | 1994 || Botte di Natale (English title: The Night Before Christmas; also called "The Troublemaker") || Moses |- | 1997 || Noi siamo angeli (English title: We are Angels) (Mini TV Series) || Orso |- | 1997 || Fuochi d'artificio (English title: Fireworks) || The blind singer |- | 1997 || Al limite (English title: To the Limit) || Elorza |- | 2000 || Hijos del viento (English Title: Sons of the wind) || Quintero |- | 2002 || Tre per sempre (English title: 3 - 4 Ever) || Bops |- | 2003 || Cantando dietro i paraventi (English title: Singing Behind Screens) || Il vecchio capitano |- | 2005 || Padre Speranza (English title: Father Hope) (TV) || Padre Speranza |- | 2009 || Mord ist mein Geschäft, Liebling (English title: Murder is my Business, Honey) || Pepe |- | 2010 || I delitti del cuoco (TV Series) || Carlo Banci |- | 2011 || || Angelo Aliveri |- |}

Writer: 1990s

Banana Joe (1982)

Big Man

* La Fanciulla che ride (1988) (TV)

* Diva (1989) (TV)

* Boomerang (1989) (TV)

Extralarge

*Ninja Shadow (1993) (TV)

*Diamonds (1993) (TV)

(in the 1980s, he was credited as Carlo Pedersoli)

Image gallery

Footnotes

External links

Budterence.it - Bud Spencer & Terence Hill Italian Website Hill & Spencer website

Carlo Pedersoli at sports-reference.com

Category:1929 births Category:Living people Category:People from Naples Category:Italian actors Category:Spaghetti Western actors Category:Swimmers at the 1952 Summer Olympics Category:Olympic swimmers of Italy

Name	Brian May
Background	solo_singer
Birth name	Brian Harold May
Born	July 19, 1947Hampton, London, England, UK
Occupation	Musician, songwriter, producer, astrophysicist, author
Instrument	Guitar, banjo, bass, keyboards, piano, vocals, harp, autoharp, accordion
Genre	Rock
Years active	1965–present
Associated acts	Smile, Queen, Phenomena, G3, Queen + Paul Rodgers
Label	Hollywood, Parlophone
Url	brianmay.com
Notable instruments	Red Special

Brian Harold May, CBE (born 19 July 1947) is an English musician and astrophysicist most widely known as the guitarist and a songwriter of the rock band Queen. As a guitarist he uses his home-built guitar, "Red Special", and has composed hits such as "Now I'm Here", "Tie Your Mother Down", "We Will Rock You", "Who Wants to Live Forever", "Hammer to Fall", "Save Me", "Fat Bottomed Girls", "I Want It All" and "Too Much Love Will Kill You". May earned a PhD in astrophysics from Imperial College in 2007 and is currently the Chancellor of Liverpool John Moores University.

May's father Harold worked as a draughtsman at the Ministry of Aviation and had been a long-time cigarette-smoker. As a result, May dislikes smoking, It was built with wood from an 18th century fireplace. His comments on this instrument, from Queen In Their Own Words (ed. Mick St. Michael, Omnibus Press, 1992, p. 62) are:

In addition to using his home-made guitar he prefers to use coins (especially a sixpence from the farewell proof set of 1970), instead of a more traditional plastic plectrum, on the basis that their rigidity gives him more control in playing. He is known to carry coins in his pockets specifically for this purpose.

May's early heroes were Cliff Richard and The Shadows, who he says were "the most metallic thing out at the time." Many years later he gained his opportunity to play on separate occasions with both Cliff Richard and Shadows lead guitarist Hank Marvin. He has collaborated with Cliff Richard on a re-recording of the Cliff Richard and The Shadows (then known as The Drifters) 1958 hit "Move It" on the Cliff Richard duets album Two's Company which was released on 6 November 2006. On Queen For An Hour 1989 Interview on BBC Radio 1 May listed Jimi Hendrix, Jeff Beck and Eric Clapton as his guitar heroes.

May was proud upon hearing that Cliff Richard had mentioned in an interview that he would have Brian May in his personal fantasy band. As well as recording with Hank Marvin, May also contributed to the 1996 album Twang!: A Tribute to Hank Marvin & the Shadows, playing FBI. The album featured many other renowned guitarists.

During the time in which Brian May and his father were building the Red Special, May also produced plans to build a second guitar. However, so successful was the Red Special, that May simply had no need to build another guitar. These plans were eventually given to guitar luthier Andrew Guyton in around 2004/05, some slight modifications were made and the guitar was built. It was named "The Spade", as the shape of the body resembled the form shown on playing cards. However the guitar also came to be known as "The Guitar That Time Forgot". As yet, this guitar has not been used in any recordings and remains in May's possession.

Equipment

, Poland, 1998.]] Most of May's electric guitar work live and in the studio was done on the Red Special, which he built with his father during his teenage years. From 1975 onwards, he's also had some replicas made, some of which were also used for live and recording purposes, others were mainly spares. The most famous replicas were made by John Birch (in 1975—May actually smashed it during a concert in the States in 1982), Greco BM90 (featured in the promo video of "Good Old-Fashioned Lover Boy" in 1977), Guild (back-up from 1984 to 1993) and Fryers (1997–1998, used both live and in the studio). On stage, Brian used to carry at least one back-up guitar (in case he broke a string) and occasionally would use others for certain songs or bits. Currently, May has his own company which makes guitars whose design is modeled after the original Red Special guitar.

July 1973 – May 1974: Fender Stratocaster Pre-CBS

October 1974 – May 1975: Gibson Les Paul Deluxe, and the Stratocaster from the previous tour.

November 1975 – May 1976: Same two guitars as before, plus a natural finish John Birch replica of the Red Special.

September 1976: Same three as before, plus a Martin D-18 acoustic for "'39".

January 1977 – August 1979: Just the Birch replica plus an Ovation Pacemaker 12-string acoustic on some numbers ("'39", "Love of My Life", "Dreamer's Ball").

November 1979 – June 1982: Birch replica (back-up), Fender Telecaster ("Crazy Little Thing Called Love" 2nd verse, middle-eight and solo), Ovation (acoustic numbers).

July – November 1982: Added a Gibson Flying V as second back-up. On 9 August 1982 Brian smashed the Birch guitar, so the Flying V became the only spare.

August to October 1984: The Flying V became a second back-up again as his main spare was the Guild replica. He'd also use Roger Taylor's Gibson Chet-Atkins Classical Electric.

July 1985 – August 1986: No more Flying V. The rest remained the same.

Some of the non-RS electric guitars he used in the studio included:

Burns Double Six on "Long Away" (1976) and "Under Pressure" (1981).

Fender Broadcaster on "Crazy Little Thing Called Love" (1979). It was used for the video (but not the recordings) of "Back Chat" (1982).

Gibson Firebird on "Hammer to Fall" and "Tear It Up" (album versions only, not on stage).

Ibanez JS on "Nothing But Blue" (1991).

Parker Fly on "Mother Love" (1993–1995).

For acoustic, he favoured Ovation, Martin, Tōkai Hummingbird, Godin and Guild. On a couple of videos he also used some different electric guitars: a Stratocaster copy on "Play the Game" (1980) and a Washburn RR2V on "Princes of the Universe" (1986).

In 1984 Guild released the first official Red Special replica for mass production, and made some prototypes specifically for May. However the solid body construction (the original RS has hollow cavities in the body) and the pick-ups (DiMarzio) that were not an exact replica of the Burns TriSonic did not make May happy, so the production stopped after just 300 guitars. In 1993 Guild made a second replica of the RS, made in just 1000 copies, of which May has some and used as a backup. At the moment, he uses the two guitars made by Greg Fryer—the luthier who restored the Old Lady in 1998—as backup. They are almost identical to the original, except for the Fryer logo on the headstock (May's original one has a sixpence).

In the studio, May used Yamaha DX7 synths for the opening sequence of "One Vision" and the backgrounds of "Who Wants to Live Forever" (also on stage), "Scandal" and "The Show Must Go On". He mostly used Freddie Mercury's 1972 Steinway piano and reportedly now owns the instrument in question.

May was keen on using some toys as instruments as well. He used a Yamaha plastic piano in "Teo Torriatte", a "genuine George Formby Ukulele-Banjo" in "Bring Back That Leroy Brown" and in "Good Company", and a toy mini koto in "The Prophet's Song".

May has used Vox AC30 amplifiers almost exclusively since a meeting with his long time hero Rory Gallagher at a gig in London during the late '60s/early '70s. taking over from Cherie Blair, and installed in 2008.

Asteroid 52665 Brianmay was named in his honour on 18 June 2008 on the suggestion of Sir Patrick Moore (probably influenced by the asteroid's provisional designation of ).

Stereophotography

May has had a lifelong interest in collecting Victorian stereophotography. In 2009, with co-author Elena Vidal, he published his second book, A Village Lost and Found, on the work of English stereophotography innovator TR Williams. ! US |- | 1983 | Star Fleet Project | 35 ! US |- | 1993 | Live at the Brixton Academy | 20 | – |- |}

Bibliography

References

External links

Brian May's official homepage

Brian May World

Brian Interviews

Queenpedia – Brian May Complete Song List

Scientific paper with Brian May as co-author

Brian May's astronomy book

Five interview clips with Brian May

Brian May's Ph.D thesis

Brian May interview with Terry Gross on NPR's Fresh Air, 3 August 2010

Brian May: the interview, by Rachel Cooke, The Observer, Sunday 5 September 2010">Brian May: the interview, by Rachel Cooke, The Observer, Sunday 5 September 2010

Category:Brian May Category:1947 births Category:Living people Category:English singer-songwriters Category:English male singers Category:English rock guitarists Category:English heavy metal guitarists Category:English tenors Category:English pianists Category:English multi-instrumentalists Category:Old Hamptonians Category:Musicians from London Category:Queen (band) members Category:Commanders of the Order of the British Empire Category:Alumni of Imperial College London Category:People associated with Imperial College London Category:Hollywood Records artists Category:People from Hampton, London Category:Ivor Novello Award winners Category:English astronomers Category:People associated with Liverpool John Moores University Category:Lead guitarists Category:Backing vocalists