(10th century)]]

A triptych ( , from the Greek τρίπτυχο, from tri- "three" + ptychē "fold") is a work of art (usually a panel painting) which is divided into three sections, or three carved panels which are hinged together and folded. It is therefore a type of polyptych, the term for all multi-panel works. The middle panel is typically the largest and it is flanked by two smaller related works, although there are triptychs of equal-sized panels.

While the root of the word is the ancient Greek "triptychos", the word arose into the medieval period from the name for an Ancient Roman writing tablet, which had two hinged panels flanking a central one. The form can also be used for pendant jewelry.

In art

The triptych form arises from early Christian art, and was a popular standard format for altar paintings from the Middle Ages onwards. Its geographical range was from the eastern Byzantine churches to the English Celtic churches in the west. Renaissance painters and sculptors such as Hans Memling and Hieronymus Bosch used the form. Triptych forms also allow ease of transport.

From the Gothic period onward, both in Europe and elsewhere, altarpieces in churches and cathedrals were often in triptych form. One such cathedral with an altarpiece triptych is Llandaff Cathedral. The Cathedral of Our Lady in Antwerp, Belgium, contains two examples by Rubens, and Notre Dame de Paris is another example of the use of triptych in architecture. One can also see the form echoed by the structure of many ecclesiastical stained glass windows. Although most famous as an altarpiece form, triptyches outside that context have been created, most prominently by Hieronymus Bosch, Max Beckmann, and Francis Bacon.

Examples

. Francis Bacon, 1944]]

Famous examples include:

The Annunciation and Two Saints (Simone Martini)

The Merode Altarpiece (Robert Campin)

The Garden of Earthly Delights and The Haywain Triptych (Hieronymus Bosch)

The Portinari Altarpiece (Hugo Van Der Goes)

The Raising of the Cross (Peter Paul Rubens)

Departure (Max Beckmann)

Three Studies for Figures at the Base of a Crucifixion (Francis Bacon)

See also

Diptych

Triptychs of Francis Bacon

Polyvision simultaneously projects three reels of film arrayed in a horizontal row and was developed and used by Abel Gance in the final reel of his 1927 film Napoléon

External links

dictionary.com reference

metmuseum.org image of tablet

More on as writing instrument

Category:Painting

William Howard Schuman (August 4, 1910–February 15, 1992) was an American composer and music administrator.

Life

Born in Manhattan in New York City to Samuel and Rachel Schuman, Schuman was named after the twenty-seventh U.S. president, William Howard Taft (although his family preferred to call him Bill). Schuman played the violin and banjo as a child, but his overwhelming passion was baseball. While still in high school, he formed a dance band, "Billy Schuman and his Alamo Society Orchestra", that played local weddings and bar mitzvahs (Schuman played string bass in the band).

In 1928 he entered New York University's School of Commerce to pursue a business degree, at the same time working for an advertising agency. He also wrote popular songs with E. B. Marks, Jr., a friend he had met long before at summer camp. About then Schuman met lyricist Frank Loesser and wrote some forty songs with him. (Indeed, Loesser's first published song, "In Love with a Memory of You", credits the music to William H. Schuman.)

On April 13, 1930, Schuman went with his older sister, Audrey, to a Carnegie Hall concert of the New York Philharmonic, conducted by Arturo Toscanini. The program included works by Wagner, Kodály, and Schumann. Of this experience, Schuman later said, "I was astounded at seeing the sea of stringed instruments, and everybody bowing together. The visual thing alone was astonishing. But the sound! I was overwhelmed. I had never heard anything like it. The very next day, I decided to become a composer."

Schuman dropped out of school and quit his part-time job to study music at the Malkin Conservatory with Max Persin and Charles Haubiel. From 1933 to 1938 he studied privately with Roy Harris. In 1935, Schuman received his B.S. degree in Music Education from Teachers College at Columbia University. Harris brought Schuman to the attention of the conductor Serge Koussevitzky, who championed many of his works. Koussevitzky conducted Schuman's Symphony No. 2 in 1939. Possibly Schuman's best known symphony, the Symphony for Strings, was commissioned by the Koussevitzky Foundation, dedicated to the memory of Natalie Koussevitzky, and was first performed under Koussevitzky on November 12, 1943.

In 1943 he won the inaugural Pulitzer Prize for Music for his cantata, A Free Song, adapted from poems by Walt Whitman. From 1935 to 1945, he taught composition at Sarah Lawrence College. In 1945, he became president of the Juilliard School of Music, founding the Juilliard String Quartet while there. He left in 1961 to become the first president of Lincoln Center, a position he held until 1969. In 1987, he was awarded the National Medal of Arts.

He was a National Patron of Delta Omicron, an international professional music fraternity.

Music

Schuman left a substantial body of work. His "eight symphonies, numbered Three through Ten", as he himself put it (the first two were withdrawn), continue to grow in stature. His concerto for violin (1947, rev. 1959) has been hailed as among his "most powerful works ... it could almost be considered a symphony for violin and orchestra." Other works include the New England Triptych (1956, based on melodies by William Billings), the American Festival Overture (1939), the ballets Undertow (1945) and Judith (1949) (the latter written for Martha Graham), the Mail Order Madrigals (1972) to texts from the 1897 Sears Roebuck catalog, and two operas, The Mighty Casey (1953, based on Ernest L. Thayer's Casey at the Bat), which reflected his lifelong love of baseball, and A Question of Taste (1989, after a short story by Roald Dahl). He also arranged Charles Ives' organ piece Variations on "America" for orchestra in 1963, in which version it is better known. Another popular work by William Schuman is his George Washington Bridge (1950), for concert band.

Television Appearance

William Schuman appeared as the opening guest on the CBS game show, What's My Line? on September 30, 1962 (episode #632). Because of his recognizability, panel members Dorothy Kilgallen, Martin Gabel, Arlene Francis, and Bennett Cerf were blindfolded. Schuman's title card identified him as "Composer and President of Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts (New York City)". Schuman displayed his wit in response to panel questions. After the panel exhausted a few categories, Kilgallen asked, "What about music?" Schuman replied, "What about it?" When asked if he was Leonard Bernstein, Schuman replied, "He's a friend." When asked if he was Rudolf Bing, Schuman repeated, "He's a friend," prompting Francis to wonder who was not his friend. When asked if he had ever sung for the Metropolitan Opera, Schuman said, "Often desired to, never invited." Cerf identified him after host John Charles Daly had flipped over all the cards. Daly announced that Schuman's Eighth Symphony would be performed at Philharmonic Hall (now Avery Fisher Hall) the following Thursday, which date, October 4, 1962, marked the première of the work. It was recorded for Columbia Masterworks Records five days later by its performers, the New York Philharmonic conducted by Bernstein.

Works

Opera

The Mighty Casey (1953, based on Ernest L. Thayer's Casey at the Bat)

A Question of Taste (1989, after a short story by Roald Dahl)

Ballet

Undertow (1945, written for Antony Tudor)

Night Journey (1947, written for Martha Graham)

Judith (1949, written for Martha Graham)

Voyage for a Theatre (1953, written for Martha Graham; withdrawn)

The Witch of Endor (1965, written for Martha Graham; withdrawn)

Orchestral

Symphonies

*Symphony No. 1 (1935; withdrawn)

*Symphony No. 2 (1937; withdrawn)

*Symphony No. 3 (1941)

*Symphony No. 4 (1942)

*Symphony for Strings (Symphony No. 5) (1943)

*Symphony No. 6 (1948)

*Symphony No. 7 (1960)

*Symphony No. 8 (1962)

*Symphony No. 9 Le fosse Ardeatine (1968)

*Symphony No. 10 American Muse (1975)

American Festival Overture (1939)

Prayer in Time of War, originally titled Prayer 1943 (1943)

Circus Overture (1944)

Credendum (1955, commissioned by UNESCO)

New England Triptych (1956, based on melodies by William Billings)

In Praise of Shahn (1969)

American Hymn (1980)

Concertante

Piano Concerto (1943)

Violin Concerto (1947, rev. 1959)

A Song of Orpheus, for cello and orchestra (1962)

To Thee Old Cause, for oboe and orchestra (1968)

Concerto on Old English Rounds, for viola, female chorus and orchestra (1974)

Three Colloquies, for horn and orchestra (1979)

Vocal/Choral

Carols of Death (1958, to texts by Walt Whitman)

Mail Order Madrigals (1972, to texts from the 1897 Sears Roebuck catalog)

The Young Dead Soldiers (1975)

Time to the Old (1980, to texts by Archibald MacLeish)

Perceptions (1982, to texts by Walt Whitman)

On Freedom's Ground (1985)

Chamber/Instrumental

String Quartet no. 1 (1935; withdrawn)

String Quartet no. 2 (1937)

String Quartet no. 3 (1939)

String Quartet no. 4 (1950)

Voyage: a cycle of 5 pieces for piano (1953)

Three Piano Moods (1958)

Amaryllis: Variations for string trio (1964)

In Sweet Music, Serenade on a setting of Shakespeare for flute, viola, voice and harp (1978)

American Hymn, for brass quintet (1980)

Dances, for wind quintet and percussion (1985)

String Quartet no. 5 (1987)

Chester: Variations for piano (1988)

Band

Newsreel, in Five Shots (1941)

George Washington Bridge (1950)

Chester Overture (1956) from New England Triptych

When Jesus Wept (1958) from New England Triptych

Philharmonic Fanfare (1965), unpubd [withdrawn]

Dedication Fanfare (1968)

Be Glad then, America (1975) from New England Triptych

Arrangements

Variations on "America", for orchestra (1963, arranged from Ives's organ piece with the same name)

References

External links

The William Schuman Music Trust

William Schuman page at Theodore Presser/Merion Music

William Schuman page at G. Schirmer/Associated Music Publishers

William Schuman papers in the Music Division of The New York Public Library for the Performing Arts.

Website for Joseph W. Polisi's book 'American Music: The Life and Times of William Schuman'' (features streaming recordings of 10 Schuman compositions)

American Music: The Life and Times of William Schuman by Joseph W. Polisi">NewMusicBox InPrint: A reprint of Chapter Four, "I Wanted to Run Before I Could Creep," from the book, American Music: The Life and Times of William Schuman by Joseph W. Polisi

NewMusicBox InPrint: Frank J. Oteri in conversation with Joseph W. Polisi, author of the book, American Music: The Life and Times of William Schuman (features many photos and excerpts from William Schuman's scores)

Category:1910 births Category:1992 deaths Category:20th-century classical composers Category:American composers Category:Columbia University alumni Category:Opera composers Category:Pulitzer Prize for Music winners Category:Guggenheim Fellows Category:United States National Medal of Arts recipients Category:Jewish American composers and songwriters Category:Jewish classical musicians Category:Juilliard School faculty Category:Kennedy Center honorees Category:Sarah Lawrence College faculty Category:Handel Medallion recipients

Coordinates	46°42′0″N23°37′0″N
Name	Max Roach
Background	non_vocal_instrumentalist
Birth name	Maxwell Lemuel Roach
Born	January 10, 1924
Died	August 16, 2007
Origin	Township of Newland, North Carolina
Instrument	drumspercussion
Genre	Jazz
Associated acts	M'Boom

Maxwell Lemuel Roach (January 10, 1924 – August 16, 2007) was an American jazz percussionist, drummer, and composer.

A pioneer of bebop, Roach went on to work in many other styles of music, and is generally considered alongside the most important drummers in history. He worked with many famous jazz musicians, including Coleman Hawkins, Dizzy Gillespie, Charlie Parker, Miles Davis, Duke Ellington, Charles Mingus, Sonny Rollins and Clifford Brown.

Roach also led his own groups, and made numerous musical statements relating to the civil rights movement of African Americans.

Biography

Early life and career

Roach was born in the Township of Newland, Pasquotank County, North Carolina, which borders the southern edge of the Great Dismal Swamp, to Alphonse and Cressie Roach. Many confuse this with Newland Town in Avery County. Although Roach's birth certificate lists his date of birth as January 10, 1924, Roach has been quoted by Phil Schaap as having stated that his family believed he was born on January 8, 1925. Roach's family moved to the Bedford-Stuyvesant neighborhood of Brooklyn, New York when he was 4 years old. He grew up in a musical home, his mother being a gospel singer. He started to play bugle in parade orchestras at a young age. At the age of 10, he was already playing drums in some gospel bands. As an eighteen year-old fresh out of Boys' High School in Brooklyn, (1942) he was called to fill in for Sonny Greer, and play with the Duke Ellington Orchestra performing at the Paramount Theater.

In 1942, Roach started to go out in the jazz clubs of the 52nd Street and at 78th Street & Broadway for Georgie Jay's Taproom (playing with schoolmate Cecil Payne).

Roach's most significant innovations came in the 1940s, when he and jazz drummer Kenny Clarke devised a new concept of musical time. By playing the beat-by-beat pulse of standard 4/4 time on the "ride" cymbal instead of on the thudding bass drum, Roach and Clarke developed a flexible, flowing rhythmic pattern that allowed soloists to play freely. The new approach also left space for the drummer to insert dramatic accents on the snare drum, "crash" cymbal and other components of the trap set.

By matching his rhythmic attack with a tune's melody, Roach brought a newfound subtlety of expression to his instrument. He often shifted the dynamic emphasis from one part of his drum kit to another within a single phrase, creating a sense of tonal color and rhythmic surprise. The idea was to shatter musical conventions and take full advantage of the drummer's unique position. "In no other society", Roach once observed, "do they have one person play with all four limbs."

While that approach is common today, when Clarke and Roach introduced the new style in the 1940s it was a revolutionary musical advance. "When Max Roach's first records with Charlie Parker were released by Savoy in 1945," jazz historian Burt Korall wrote in the Oxford Companion to Jazz, "drummers experienced awe and puzzlement and even fear." One of those awed drummers, Stan Levey, summed up Roach's importance: "I came to realize that, because of him, drumming no longer was just time, it was music."

In 1954, he formed a quintet featuring trumpeter Clifford Brown, tenor saxophonist Harold Land, pianist Richie Powell (brother of Bud Powell), and bassist George Morrow, though Land left the following year and Sonny Rollins soon replaced him. The group was a prime example of the hard bop style also played by Art Blakey and Horace Silver. Tragically, this group was to be short-lived; Brown and Powell were killed in a car accident on the Pennsylvania Turnpike in June 1956. The first album Roach recorded after their deaths was Max Roach + 4. After Brown and Powell's deaths, Roach continued leading a similarly configured group, with Kenny Dorham (and later the short-lived Booker Little) on trumpet, George Coleman on tenor and pianist Ray Bryant. Roach expanded the standard form of hard-bop using 3/4 waltz rhythms and modality in 1957 with his album Jazz in 3/4 time. During this period, Roach recorded a series of other albums for the EmArcy label featuring the brothers Stanley and Tommy Turrentine.

In 1955, he was the drummer for vocalist Dinah Washington at several live appearances and recordings. Appearing at the Newport Jazz Festival with her in 1958 which was filmed and the 1954 live studio audience recording of Dinah Jams, considered to be one of the best and most overlooked vocal jazz albums of its genre.

1960s-1970s

In 1960 he composed the We Insist! - Freedom Now suite with lyrics by Oscar Brown Jr., after being invited to contribute to commemorations of the hundredth anniversary of Abraham Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation. Using his musical abilities to comment on the African-American experience would be a significant part of his career. Unfortunately, Roach suffered from being blacklisted by the American recording industry for a period in the 1960s.

In 1966, with his album Drums Unlimited (which includes several tracks that are entirely drums solos) he demonstrated that drums can be a solo instrument able to play theme, variations, rhythmically cohesive phrases. He described his approach to music as "the creation of organized sound."

During the 1970s, Roach formed a musical organization—"M'Boom"—a percussion orchestra. Each member of this unit composed for it and performed on many percussion instruments. Personnel included Fred King, Joe Chambers, Warren Smith, Freddie Waits, Roy Brooks, Omar Clay, Ray Mantilla, Francisco Mora, and Eli Fountain.

Not content to expand on the musical territory he had already become known for, Roach spent the decades of the 1980s and 1990s continually finding new forms of musical expression and presentation. Though he ventured into new territory during a lifetime of innovation, he kept his contact with his musical point of origin. He performed with the Beijing Trio, with pianist Jon Jang and erhu player Jeibing Chen. His last recording, Friendship, was with trumpet master Clark Terry, the two long-standing friends in duet and quartet. His last performance was at the 50th anniversary celebration of the original Massey Hall concert, in Toronto, where he performed solo on the hi-hat.

In 1994, Roach also appeared on Rush drummer Neil Peart's performing "The Drum Also Waltzes", Part 1 and 2 on of the series during the 1994 All-Star recording sessions.

Death

Max Roach died in the early morning on August 16, 2007 in Manhattan. He was survived by five children: sons Daryl and Raoul, and daughters Maxine, Ayo and Dara. Over 1,900 people attended his funeral at Riverside Church in Manhattan, New York City on August 24, 2007. Max Roach was interred at the Woodlawn Cemetery, Bronx, NY.

In a funeral tribute to the Roach, then-Lieutenant Governor of New York David Paterson compared the musician's courage to that of Paul Robeson, Harriet Tubman and Malcolm X, saying that "No one ever wrote a bad thing about Max Roach's music or his aura until 1960, when he and Charlie Mingus protested the practices of the Newport Jazz Festival."

Personal life

Two children, son Daryl Keith and daughter Maxine, were born from his first marriage with Mildred Roach. In 1956 he met singer Barbara Jai (Johnson) and had another son, Raoul Jordu. He continued to play as a freelance while studying composition at the Manhattan School of Music. He graduated in 1952. During the period 1962–1970, Roach was married to the singer Abbey Lincoln, who had performed on several of Roach's albums. Twin daughters, Ayodele Nieyela and Dara Rashida, were later born to Roach and his third wife, Janus Adams Roach. He has three grandchildren, Kyle Maxwell Roach, Kadar Elijah Roach and Maxe Samiko Hinds. Long involved in jazz education, in 1972 he joined the faculty of the University of Massachusetts at Amherst. In the early 2000s, Roach became less active from the onset of hydrocephalus-related complications.

From the 1970s through the mid-1990s Roach taught at the University of Massachusetts Amherst.

Honors

He was given a MacArthur Foundation "genius" grant in 1988, cited as a Commander of the Order of Arts and Letters in France (1989), twice awarded the French Grand Prix du Disque, elected to the International Percussive Art Society's Hall of Fame and the Downbeat Magazine Hall of Fame, awarded Harvard Jazz Master, celebrated by Aaron Davis Hall, given eight honorary doctorate degrees, including degrees awarded by Medgar Evers College, CUNY, the University of Bologna, Italy and Columbia University. While spending the later years of his life at the Mill Basin Sunrise assisted living home, in Brooklyn, Max was honored with a proclamation honoring his musical achievements by Brooklyn borough president Marty Markowitz.

In 1986 the London borough of Lambeth named a park in Brixton after him. - Roach was able to officially open it when he visited the UK that year.

Discography

1944 : Rainbow Mist (with Coleman Hawkins)

1944 : Coleman Hawkins and His All Stars (with Coleman Hawkins)

1945 : Town Hall, New York, June 22, 1945 (with Dizzy Gillespie and Charlie Parker)

1945 - 1948: The Complete Savoy Studio Recordings (with Charlie Parker)

1946 : Mad Be Bop (with J.J. Johnson)

1946 : Opus BeBop (with Stan Getz)

1946 : Savoy Jam Party (Don Byas Quartet)

1946 : The Hawk Flies (with Coleman Hawkins)

1947 : The Bud Powell Trip (with Bud Powell)

1947 : Lullaby in Rhythm (with Charlie Parker)

1947 : Charlie Parker on Dial (with Charlie Parker)

1948 : The Band that Never Was (with Charlie Parker)

1948 : Bird on 52nd Street (with Charlie Parker)

1948 : Bird at the Roost (with Charlie Parker)

1949 : Birth of the Cool (with Miles Davis)

1949 - 1953: Charlie Parker – Complete Sessions on Verve (with Charlie Parker)

1949 : Charlie Parker in France (with Charlie Parker)

1949 : Genesis (with Sonny Stitt)

1949 : The Stars of Modern Jazz at Carnegie Hall

1950 : The McGhee-Navarro Sextet (with Howard McGhee)

1951 : The Amazing Bud Powell (with Bud Powell)

1951 : The George Wallington Trip and Septet (with George Wallington)

1951 : Conception (with Miles Davis)

1952 : New Faces, New Sounds (with Gil Melle)

1952 : The Complete Genius (with Thelonious Monk)

1952 : Live at Rockland Palace (with Charlie Parker)

1953 : Jazz at Massey Hall (with Charlie Parker)

1953 : Mambo Jazz (with Joe Holiday)

1953 : Yardbird: DC-53 (with Charlie Parker)

1953 : Max Roach Quartet (Fantasy)

1953 : Max Roach and his Sextet (Debut)

1953 : Max Roach Quartet featuring Hank Mobley (Debut)

1953 : Cohn's Tones (with Al Cohn)

1953 : Diz and Getz (with Dizzy Gillespie and Stan Getz)

1954 : Brown And Roach Incorporated

1954 : Clifford Brown and Max Roach

1954 : Daahoud (Mainstream Records)

1954 : Study in Brown (with Clifford Brown)

1954 : More Study in Brown (with Clifford Brown)

1954 : Dinah Jams Featuring Dinah Washington

1955 : Clifford Brown with Strings (with Clifford Brown)

1955 : Relaxed Piano Moods (with Hazel Scott)

1955 : Introducing Jimmy Cleveland And His All Stars (EmArcy)

1955 : New Piano Expressions (with John Dennis)

1955 : Herbie Nichols Trio (with Herbie Nichols)

1955 : Work Time (with Sonny Rollins)

1955 : The Charles Mingus Quartet plus Max Roach (with Charles Mingus)

1956 : Clifford Brown and Max Roach at Basin Street

1956 : Sonny Rollins Plus 4 (with Sonny Rollins)

1956 : Introducing Johnny Griffin (with Johnny Griffin)

1956 : Max Roach + 4

1956 : The Magnificent Thad Jones (with Thad Jones)

1956 : Brilliant Corners (with Thelonious Monk)

1956 : Tour de Force (with Sonny Rollins)

1956 : The Music of George Gershwin: I Sing of Thee (with Joe Wilder)

1956 : Rollins Plays For Bird (Sonny Rollins Quintet)

1956 : Saxophone Colossus (with Sonny Rollins)

1957 : Jazz in ¾ Time

1957 : First Place (with J.J. Johnson)

1957 : With Strings (with Clifford Brown)

1957 : Sonny Clark Trio

1957 : Jazz Contrasts (with Kenny Dorham)

1958 : Deeds, Not Words (with all new cast Ray Draper, Booker Little, George Coleman)''

1958 : Max Roach/Art Blakey (with Art Blakey)

1958 : Freedom Suite (with Sonny Rollins)

1958 : Shadow Waltz (with Sonny Rollins)

1958 : Max Roach Plus Four on the Chicago Scene (Mercury)

1958 : Max Roach Plus Four at Newport (Mercury)

1958 : Max Roach with the Boston Percussion Ensemble (EmArcy)

1958 : Deeds not Words (aka Conversation) (Riverside)

1958 : Max Roach/Bud Shank - Sessions (with Bud Shank)

1958 : The Defiant Ones (with Booker Little)

1958 : Award-Winning Drummer (Time T)

1959 : A Little Sweet (aka. The Many Sides of Max )(Mercury)

1959 : Rich Versus Roach (with Buddy Rich)

1959 : Quiet as it's Kept (Mercury)

1959 : Moon-Faced and Starry-Eyed (Mercury)

1960 : Tommy Turrentine (with Tommy Turrentine)

1960 : Stan 'The Man' Turrentine

1960 : Again! (Affinity)

1960 : Parisian Sketches (Mercury)

1960 : We Insist! - Freedom Now (Candid)

1960 : Long as You're Living (Enja)

1960 : Uhuru Afrika (with Randy Weston)

1960 : Sonny Clark Trio (with Sonny Clark)

1961 : Percussion Bitter Sweet (Impulse! Records)(with Mal Waldron)

1961 : Straight Ahead (with Abbey Lincoln)

1961 : Out Front (with Booker Little)

1961 : Paris Blues (with Duke Ellington)

1962 : Money Jungle (with Duke Ellington and Charles Mingus)

1962 : Speak, Brother, Speak!

1962 : It's Time (Impulse! Records)(with Mal Waldron)

1962 : Drum Suite (with Slide Hampton)

1964 : Live in Europe: Freedom Now Suite (with Abbey Lincoln)

1964 : The Max Roach Trip Featuring the Legendary Hasaan (with Hasaan ibn Ali)

1966 : Drums Unlimited (Atlantic) (Leader, with James Spaulding, Freddie Hubbard, Ronnie Mathews, Jymie Merritt, Roland Alexander)

1966 : Stuttgart 1963 Concert (with Sonny Rollins

1968 : Sound as Roach (Atlantic)

1968 : Members, Don't Git Weary (Atlantic)

1971 : Lift Every Voice and Sing (with J.C. White Singers)

1972 : Newport in New York ‘72 (Roach on 2 tracks only)

1973 : Re:Percussion (with M'Boom, Strata-East Records)

1975 : The Bop Session (with Dizzy Gillespie, Sonny Stitt, John Lewis, Hank Jones and Percy Heath)

1976 : Force: Sweet Mao-Suid Afrika '76 (duo with Archie Shepp)

1976 : Nommo (Victor)

1977 : Max Roach Quartet Live in Tokyo (Denon)

1977 : The Loudstar (Horo)

1977 : Max Roach Quartet Live In Amsterdam - It's Time (Baystate)

1977 : Solos (Baystate)

1977 : Streams of Consciousness (duo with Dollar Brand)

1978 : Confirmation (Fluid)

1978 : Birth and Rebirth (Duo with Anthony Braxton)

1978 : Long time at circus yorks

1979 : The Long March (duo with Archie Shepp

1979 : Historic Concerts (duo with Cecil Taylor)

1979 : One In Two, Two In One (duo with Anthony Braxton)

1979 : M'Boom Re:Percussion (with M'Boom, Columbia Records)

1979 : Pictures in a Frame (Soul Note)

1979 : Live at the Bee Hive (with Clifford Brown, Columbia Records)

1980 : Chattahoochee Red (Columbia)

1982 : Swish (duo with Connie Crothers) (New Artists)

1982 : In the Light (Soul Note)

1983 : Max Roach Double Quartet Live At Vielharmonic (Soul Note)

1984 : Scott Free (Soul Note)

1984 : It’s Christmas Again (Soul Note)

1984 : Collage (with M'Boom, Soul Note)

1984 : Survivors (Soul Note)

1984 : Jazzbuhne Berlin ‘84 (Reperoire)

1985 : Easy Winners (Soul Note)

1986 : Bright Moments (Soul Note)

1989 : Max and Diz in Paris 1989 (duo with Dizzy Gillespie) (A&M;)

1989 : Homage to Charlie Parker (A&M;)

1991 : To the Max! (Enja)

1992 : Live at S.O.B.'s New York (with M'Boom, Blue Moon Records)

1995 : Max Roach With The New Orchestra Of Boston And The So What Brass Quintet (Blue Note)

1999 : Beijing Trio (Asian Improv)

2002 : Friendship (with Clark Terry) (Columbia)

References

External links

Max Roach 1924-2007: Thousands Pay Tribute to the Legendary Jazz Drummer, Educator, Activist

Max Roach at the Hard Bop Homepage

Discography at Discogs

Discography and Sessionography

New York Times obituary

New York Sun Obituary

Obituary and Public Tributes

Slate Magazine Article

Max Roach Multimedia Directory

Category:American jazz drummers Category:Bebop drummers Category:Hard bop drummers Category:Post-bop drummers Category:MacArthur Fellows Category:Manhattan School of Music alumni Category:African American drummers Category:Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award winners Category:1924 births Category:2007 deaths Category:People from Pasquotank County, North Carolina Category:Candid Records artists Category:EmArcy Records artists Category:Verve Records artists Category:Capitol Records artists

Coordinates	46°42′0″N23°37′0″N
Name	Karin Slaughter
Caption	Karin Slaughter: Undone
Birthdate	January 6, 1971
Birthplace	Atlanta, Georgia
Occupation	Novelist, Writer, Author
Nationality	American
Period	2001 - Present
Genre	Crime Fiction, Mystery, Thriller
Subject	Grant County, Will Trent
Website	http://www.karinslaughter.com

Karin Slaughter (born January 6, 1971) is an American crime writer, whose first novel Blindsighted (2001) became an international success, was published in almost 30 languages, and made the Crime Writers' Association's Dagger Award shortlist for "Best Thriller Debut" of 2001.

Fractured, the second novel in the Will Trent series, debuted at number one in the UK and the Netherlands, and was the number one adult fiction title in Australia.  At the same time, Faithless (Gottlos) published in Germany at number one.  All told, Slaughter has sold more than 16 million books worldwide.

Slaughter was born in a small southern Georgia community. Now residing in Atlanta, she is widely credited with coining the term "investigoogling" in 2006.

Publishing history

Georgia series

In 2009, Slaughter brought together characters from her two main series Grant County and Will Trent/Atlanta in her novel Undone, called Genesis internationally. Will Trent and other characters from that series work a case set in Atlanta with Sara Linton, of Grant County. Also intertwining the characters Will Trent and Sara Linton from her two series is her latest book, called "Broken", published in 2010. It is set in the fictitious Grant County.

Grant County series

Slaughter is best known for her Grant County series:

Blindsighted, 2001

Kisscut, 2002

A Faint Cold Fear, 2003

Indelible, 2004

Faithless, 2005

Beyond Reach/Skin Privilege, 2007.

Set in the fictional town of Heartsdale, Georgia, (in the fictional Grant County) the narrative takes place from the perspective of three main characters: Sara Linton, the town's pediatrician and part-time coroner; her ex-husband to whom she is remarried, Jeffrey Tolliver, who is chief of police; and his subordinate, detective Lena Adams, Slaughter's most controversial character. The most recent Grant County novel was published in July 2007. The title was Beyond Reach in the US and Skin Privilege elsewhere.

Will Trent/Atlanta series

The Will Trent series, which takes place in Atlanta, features special Agent Will Trent with the GBI and his partner Faith Mitchell.  So far, Will has appeared in Triptych, Fractured and Undone.  Undone (called Genesis in the UK and elsewhere) brings together characters from the Grant County series with the Will Trent series.

Other works

Like a Charm is an anthology, composed of short stories written by several thriller authors. Each story features a charm bracelet that brings bad luck to its owner. The time and place where the stories take place vary greatly, ranging from 19th-century Georgia to wartime Leeds. Karin Slaughter wrote the first and the last stories.

Contributing authors, among others, are:

Lee Child

John Connolly

Mark Billingham

Lynda La Plante

Denise Mina

Peter Robinson

Triptych (2006) is a novel with three interconnected narrators, set against the urban backdrop of Atlanta. Fractured continues the series with the character Will Trent from Triptych. It was released in 2008.

Martin Misunderstood is an original audio novella narrated by Wayne Knight and is available from BBC Audiobooks America. Both the story and the narration were nominated for an Audie Award in 2009. The book was translated into Dutch and given away to over one million readers.

Bibliography

The Georgia series (combining Grant County and Atlanta)

Undone, (2009), Genesis (UK title)

Broken, (2010)

The Grant County series

Blindsighted, (2001)

Kisscut, (2002)

A Faint Cold Fear, (2003)

Indelible, (2004)

Faithless, (2005)

Skin Privilege, (2007 UK title), Beyond Reach (US title)

The Will Trent/Atlanta series

Triptych, (2006)

Fractured, (2008)

Other books

Like A Charm, (editor) (2004)

Martin Misunderstood, (2008)

References

Andrea Sachs, "Between the Lines with Karin Slaughter", TIME Magazine, 4 Oct 2005

Book Business, New York Times

"Interview, Karin Slaughter", Bookreporter, 13 Jul 2009

Don O'Briant, "Murder in Ansley Park: Family ties fray in thriller set in upscale neighborhood", Atlanta Journal-Constitution, 27 Jul 2008

William Leith, "Writers Lives: Karin Slaughter", The Telegraph, 9 Feb 2007

BookStudio's page on Karin Slaughter

"Small Towns and Vicious Crimes: Karin Slaughter Talks to Al Karim", Shots: The Crime and Mystery Magazine, No. 16

External links

Karin Slaughter website

Karin Slaughter at Bookreporter.com

Interview with Karin Slaughter, Literatur Community

Georgia Bureau of Investigation

Interview with Karin Slaughter at www.TheCrimeHouse.com

Category:American novelists Category:American thriller writers Category:1971 births Category:Living people

Coordinates	46°42′0″N23°37′0″N
Name	Gary Husband
Background	non_vocal_instrumentalist
Genre	Jazz, jazz fusion, progressive rock
Born	June 14, 1960
Origin	Leeds, West Yorkshire, England
Instrument	Drums, piano, keyboards
Occupation	Performing musician and composer
Years active	Mid-1970s to present
Label	Abstract LogixAngel AirAlternity
Associated acts	Gary Husband's Force Majeure Gary Husband's Drive John McLaughlinAllan HoldsworthMike SternJack BruceRobin TrowerBilly CobhamLevel 42
Url	garyhusband.com

Gary Husband (born June 14, 1960) is a British jazz and rock drummer, pianist and composer.

Short biography

Gary Husband (born 14 June 1960 in Leeds, West Yorkshire, England) is an English jazz and rock drummer, pianist and composer. In addition to work with his own projects he collaborates with artists such as Allan Holdsworth, John McLaughlin, Billy Cobham, Mike Stern, Jack Bruce, Robin Trower, Germany's NDR and HR big bands among others.

Career

Known for his wide musical versatility he has also performed and recorded (on either instrument or more notably both his instruments) with guitarists Jeff Beck, Allan Holdsworth, Steve Topping, Gary Moore, Andy Summers, Ray Russell, Gary Boyle, Alex Machacek, Wayne Krantz, Jimmy Herring and Steve Hackett, bass guitarists Jimmy Johnson, Tony Levin, Mo Foster, Mark King, Jonas Hellborg and Chris Squire, keyboardist and programmer Aydin Esen, with big bands The Syd Lawrence Orchestra, Gil Evans UK Orchestra, BBC Radio Big Band, pop bands Level 42, Mike & The Mechanics, Spandau Ballet, Pet Shop Boys, drum and bass programmers Lemon D, Dillinja, jazz groups Barbara Thompson's Paraphernalia, Mike Carr Trio, Geoffrey Keezer and Christian McBride Trio, Alan Skidmore Quartet, Randy Brecker and Bob Berg Quintet, Chris Batchelor and Steve Waterman Group, Jim Mullen Quartet, Yaron Herman Trio, Christof Lauer Trio, composers and arrangers Maria Schneider, Steve Gray, Michael Gibbs, Colin Towns, singers Ron Sexsmith, Lulu, Alexander O'Neal, Brian Houston, John Farnham, Jimmy Nail and Al Jarreau.

As an internationally respected drum clinician Husband has performed alongside Ricky Lawson, Omar Hakim, Dennis Chambers, Vinnie Colaiuta, Denny Seiwell, Todd Sucherman, Paul Wertico, Terry Bozzio, Simon Phillips and Billy Cobham among many others. He is also a patron and visiting artist at Tech Music Schools in London.

Husband trained as a classical pianist with Fanny Waterman and his distinct piano style has been noted to reveal jazz fusion and classical influences. For three years (1998 to 2001) he led his piano trio (The New Gary Husband Trio) that featured English bassist Mick Hutton and American drummer Gene Calderazzo. The trio's CD releases From The Heart and Aspire (both currently deleted) highlight the music of this group. Of his several solo piano album releases, "The Things I See * Interpretations Of The Music Of Allan Holdsworth", is made up entirely of interpretations of the guitarists music. Years later he released "A Meeting Of Spirits", consisting of similarly highly-personalised works based on the music of John McLaughlin. He has also produced more recent works reinterpreting the music of Russian composer Alexander Shulgin for piano.

Gary Husband's Force Majeure, his group from 2004 to 2005, featured Mahavishnu Orchestra electric violinist Jerry Goodman, trumpeter Randy Brecker, trombonist Elliot Mason, keyboard player Jim Beard, bassist Matthew Garrison and percussionist Arto Tuncboyaciyan. In 2004 the group won funding from the Contemporary Music Network and BBC Radio 3's Jazz On 3 to tour the UK. The DVD release Gary Husband's Force Majeure - Live At The Queen Elizabeth Hall, London, (currently deleted), captured the band's London performance from their debut tour. His recent group, Gary Husband's Drive featured saxophonist Julian Siegel, trumpeter Richard Turner and bassist Michael Janisch. Husband released their debut album "Hotwired" in 2009 and the group disbanded in early 2010.

Among his current projects is "Dirty & Beautiful", an album in two volumes featuring performances from himself together with many of his current and past musical collaborators.

Acknowledgements

Jazz fusion drummer Dennis Chambers has cited Husband as one of his main drumming influences. Billy Cobham has called Husband's keyboard skill "one of the best-kept secrets in music". Music critic John Fordham of The Guardian described Husband's pianistic style as "an onrush of long-lined phrases and ambiguous harmonies boldly adapted from Herbie Hancock and Bill Evans."

Equipment

Gary Husband currently endorses Pearl Drums, Zildjian cymbals, Remo drumheads, Promark drumsticks, LP Percussion, Factory Metal Percussion and Roland keyboards.

Selected discography

Solo album releases

(1999) The New Gary Husband Trio - From The Heart

(2004) Gary Husband & friends - Aspire

(2004) The Things I See - Interpretations Of The Music Of Allan Holdsworth

(2006) A Meeting Of Spirits - Interpretations Of The Music Of John McLaughlin

(2008) The Complete Diary Of A Plastic Box

(2009) Gary Husband's Drive - Hotwired

(2009) Tryptych. Shulgin’s Songbook. Part II - Gary Husband Plays Alexander Shulgin

(2010) Dirty & Beautiful Vol 1

Solo DVD/video releases

(1997) Gary Husband - Interplay & Improvisation On The Drums - VHS VIDEO

(2003) Gary Husband & The Mondesir Brothers - To The Power Of Three - DVD

(2005) Gary Husband's Force Majeure - Live At The Queen Elizabeth Hall, London - DVD

Album releases with others

(1982) Allan Holdsworth I.O.U.

(1985) Allan Holdsworth - Metal Fatigue

(1986) Allan Holdsworth - Atavachron

(1987) Allan Holdsworth - Sand

(1988) Level 42 - Staring At The Sun

(1989) Allan Holdsworth - Secrets

(1989) Level 42 - Live At Wembley

(1991) Level 42 - Guaranteed

(1992) Allan Holdsworth - Wardenclyffe Tower

(1993) Jack Bruce - Cities Of The Heart

(1994) Allan Holdsworth - Hard Hat Area

(1994) Billy Cobham - The Traveler

(1994) Gary Moore - Ballads & Blues

(1996) Jimmy Nail - Crocodile Shoes 2

(1996) Juicy Lucy - Blue Thunder

(1996) Gongzilla - Thrive

(1997) Gary Moore - Dark Days In Paradise

(1997) Brian Houston - Good News Junkie

(1997) Jack Bruce - Sitting On Top Of The World

(1998) Billy Cobham - Focused

(1999) Gary Moore - A Different Beat

(1999) Jimmy Nail - Tadpoles In A Jar

(1999) Anthony Hindson & Friends - It's A Curious Life

(2001) Renato D'Aiello Euro All Stars - Introducing

(2001) Billy Cobham - Many Years BC

(2001) Jim Mullen - Live In Glasgow

(2002) Billy Cobham - Culture Mix

(2004) Allan Holdsworth Group Live - Then!

(2004) Steve Topping - Late Flower

(2004) Mo Foster - Southern Reunion

(2004) Jazz Outreach Project - Digital Directions

(2005) Jason Smith - Think Like This

(2006) Ray Russell - Goodbye Svengali

(2006) Jason Smith - Tipping Point

(2006) Level 42 - Retroglide

(2006) John McLaughlin - Industrial Zen

(2007) Christof Lauer - Blues In Mind

(2007) Jack Bruce * Robin Trower - Seven Moons

(2008) Asaf Sirkis Trio - The Monk

(2010) ''John McLaughlin & The 4th Dimension - To The One

DVD/video releases with others

(2004) Gary Moore & The Midnight Blues Band - Live In Montreux 1990 - DVD

(2004) Level 42 - Live At The Apollo, London - DVD

(2005) Gongzilla - Live In Concert & The East Village Studio - DVD

(2007) Eric Clapton Crossroads Guitar Festival 2007 - (John McLaughlin Band, also featuring Matthew Garrison and Vinnie Colaiuta) - DVD

(2008) Triptych - Shulgin's Songbook - DVD

(2009) John McLaughlin & The 4th Dimension - Live @ Belgrade - DVD

(2009) Jack Bruce & Robin Trower - Seven Moons Live - DVD

References

Review: Gary Husband - "The Complete Diary Of A Plastic Box"

Review: Gary Husband & Friends - "Aspire"

Review: Gary Husband - "The Things I See * Interpretations Of The Music Of Allan Holdsworth"

Review: "Gary Husband's Force Majeure Live At The Queen Elizabeth Hall, London" DVD

Review: Gary Husband - "A Meeting Of Spirits * Interpretations Of The Music Of John McLaughlin"

Review: Gary Husband's Drive - "Hotwired"

External links

Gary Husband, Official Site

Gary Husband Official MySpace Page

Gary Husband's Drive Official MySpace Website

Gary Husband page at Drummerworld

Gary Husband at All About Jazz

Interviews

Gary Husband Interview 2004

Gary Husband Abstract Logix Interview 2005

Gary Husband Interview 2006

Gary Husband Interview 2007

Gary Husband Interview February 2009

Gary Husband Interview 2010

Category:1960 births Category:Living people Category:People from Leeds Category:English session musicians Category:English rock drummers Category:English jazz drummers Category:The Gary Moore Band members

Coordinates	46°42′0″N23°37′0″N
Name	Alexander Shulgin
Birth date	June 17, 1925
Birth place	Berkeley, California
Education	Ph.D. from UC Berkeley in Biochemistry, post-doctoral work in the fields of psychiatry and pharmacology
Occupation	Psychopharmacologist
Spouse	Ann Shulgin
Nationality	American

Alexander "Sasha" Theodore Shulgin (born June 17, 1925) is an American pharmacologist, chemist and drug developer.

Shulgin is credited with the popularization of MDMA, commonly known as ecstasy, in the late 1970s and early 1980s, especially for psychopharmaceutical use and the treatment of depression and post-traumatic stress disorder. In subsequent years, Shulgin discovered, synthesized, and bioassayed over 230 psychoactive compounds. In 1991 and 1997, he and his wife Ann Shulgin authored the books PiHKAL and TiHKAL on the topic of psychoactive drugs. Shulgin discovered many noteworthy phenethylamines including the 2C* family of which 2C-T-2, 2C-T-7, 2C-E, 2C-I, and 2C-B are most well known. Additionally, Shulgin performed seminal work into the descriptive synthesis of compounds based on the organic compound tryptamine.

Life and career

Shulgin was born in Berkeley, California to Theodore Stevens Shulgin (1893–1978) and Henrietta D. Shulgin (1888–1960). Both Theodore and Henrietta, originally from Russia, were public school teachers in Alameda County.

Shulgin began studying organic chemistry as a Harvard University scholarship student. In 1943, at the age of 19, he dropped out of school, and joined the U.S. Navy, where he eventually became interested in pharmacology. After serving in the Navy (veteran of World War II), he returned to Berkeley, California, and in 1954 earned his Ph.D. in biochemistry from the University of California, Berkeley. Through the late 1950s, Shulgin completed post-doctoral work in the fields of psychiatry and pharmacology at University of California, San Francisco. After working at Bio-Rad Laboratories as a research director for a brief period, he began work at Dow Chemical Company as a senior research chemist.

He would later write that everything he saw and thought "had been brought about by a fraction of a gram of a white solid, but that in no way whatsoever could it be argued that these memories had been contained within the white solid ... I understood that our entire universe is contained in the mind and the spirit. We may choose not to find access to it, we may even deny its existence, but it is indeed there inside us, and there are chemicals that can catalyze its availability." on controlled substances On April 8, 2008, at the age of 82, he underwent surgery to replace a defective aortic valve. On November 16, 2010, Dr. Shulgin suffered a stroke. He is expected to fully recover. In December of 2010 he suffered another stroke, followed by skin-grafting surgery to save his left foot from an amputation. Despite his many discoveries, Shulgin's wife, Ann, has had to reach out to fans in order to cover his medical expenses. She can be reached via the Sasha Shulgin page at Facebook.

Independent research

In order to carry out consulting work with the DEA, Shulgin obtained a DEA Schedule I license for an analytical laboratory, which allowed him to possess and synthesize any otherwise illicit drug. Shulgin set up a chemical synthesis laboratory in a small building behind his house, which gave him a great deal of career autonomy. Shulgin used this freedom to synthesize and test the effects of psychoactive drugs.

In 1967, Shulgin was introduced to MDMA (ecstasy) by Merrie Kleinman, a graduate student in the medicinal chemistry group he advised at San Francisco State University. MDMA had been synthesized in 1912 by Merck and patented in 1912 as a byproduct of another synthesis, but was considered useless, and was never explored. Shulgin went on to develop a new synthesis method, and in 1976, introduced the chemical to Leo Zeff, a psychologist from Oakland, California. Zeff used the substance in his practice in small doses as an aid to talk therapy. Zeff introduced the substance to hundreds of psychologists around the nation, including Ann Shulgin, whom Alexander Shulgin met in 1979, and married in 1981. Richard Meyer, spokesman for DEA's San Francisco Field Division, has stated that, "It is our opinion that those books are pretty much cookbooks on how to make illegal drugs. Agents tell me that in clandestine labs that they have raided, they have found copies of those books," suggesting to many that the publication of PiHKAL and the termination of Shulgin's license were related.

Bibliography

Books

. . . . .

Other notable publications

1960-1979 lab notebooks of Dr. Shulgin

1963. "Psychotomimetic agents related to mescaline". Experientia 19: 127. 19

1963. "Composition of the myristicin fraction from oil of nutmeg". Nature 197: 379. 20

1963. "Concerning the pharmacology of nutmeg". Mind 1: 299-302. 23

1964. "3-methoxy-4,5-methylenedioxy amphetamine, a new psychotomimetic agent". Nature 201: 1120-1121. 29

1964. "Psychotomimetic amphetamines: methoxy 3,4-dialkoxyamphetamines". Experientia 20: 366. 30

1964. with H. O. Kerlinger. "Isolation of methoxyeugenol and trans-isoelemicin from oil of nutmeg". Naturwissenschaften 15: 360-361. 31

1965. "Synthesis of the trimethoxyphenylpropenes". Can. J. Chem. 43: 3437-3440. 43

1966. "Possible implication of myristicin as a psychotropic substance". Nature 210: 380-384. 45

1966. "The six trimethoxyphenylisopropylamines (trimethoxyamphetamines)". J. Med. Chem. 9: 445-446. 46

1966. with T. Sargent, and C. Naranjo. "Role of 3,4-dimethoxyphenethylamin in schizophrenia". Nature 212: 1606-1607. 48

1967. with T. Sargent, and C. Naranjo. "The chemistry and psychopharmacology of nutmeg and of several related phenylisopropylamines". In D. H. Efron [ed.]: Ethnopharmacologic search for psychoactive drugs. U. S. Dept. of H. E. W., Public Health Service Publication No. 1645. Pp. 202–214. Discussion: ibid. pp. 223–229. 49

1967. with T. Sargent. "Psychotropic phenylisopropylamines derived from apiole and dillapiole". Nature 215: 1494-1495. 50

1967. with Sargent, T. W., D. M. Israelstam, S. A. Landaw, and N. N. Finley. "A note concerning the fate of the 4-methoxyl group in 3,4-dimethoxyphenethylamine (DMPEA)". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 29: 126-130. 52

1967. with Naranjo, C. and T. Sargent. "Evaluation of 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA) as an adjunct to psychotherapy". Med. Pharmacol. Exp. 17: 359-364. 53

1968. "The ethyl homologs of 2,4,5-trimethoxyphenylisopropylamine". J. Med. Chem. 11: 186-187. 54

1969. with T. Sargent and C. Naranjo. "Structure activity relationships of one-ring psychotomimetics". Nature 221: 537-541. 57

1969. "Recent developments in cannabis chemistry". J. Psyched. Drugs 2: 15-29. 58

1969. "Psychotomimetic agents related to the catecholamines". J. Psyched. Drugs 2(2): 12-26. 59

1970. "Chemistry and structure-activity relationships of the psychotomimetics". In D. H. Efron [ed.]. "Psychotomimetic Drugs". Raven Press, New York. Pp. 21–41. 60

1970. "The mode of action of psychotomimetic drugs; some qualitative properties of the psychotomimetics". Neur. Res. Prog. Bull. 8: 72-78. 61

1970. "4-alkyl-dialkoxy-alpha-methyl-phenethylamines and their pharmacologically-acceptable salts". U. S. Patent 3,547,999, issued Dec. 15, 1970. 63

1971. with T. Sargent and C. Naranjo. "4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenylisopropylamine, a new centrally active amphetamine analog". Pharmacology 5: 103-107. 64

1971. "Chemistry and sources". In S. S. Epstein [ed]. "Drugs of abuse: their genetic and other chronic nonpsychiatric hazards". The MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass. Pp 3–26. 65

1971. "Preliminary studies of the synthesis of nitrogen analogs of Delta1-THC". Acta Pharm. Suec. 8: 680-681. 66

1972. "Hallucinogens, CNS stimulants, and cannabis. In S. J. Mulé and H. Brill [eds.]: Chemical and biological aspects of drug dependence". CRC Press, Cleveland, Ohio. Pp. 163–175. 67

1973. "Stereospecific requirements for hallucinogenesis". J. Pharm. Pharmac. 25: 271-272. 68

1973. "Mescaline: the chemistry and pharmacology of its analogs". Lloydia 36: 46-58. 69

1973. "The narcotic pepper - the chemistry and pharmacology of Piper methysticum and related species". Bull. Narc. 25: 59-1974. "Le poivre stupéfiant - chemie et pharmacologie du Piper methysticum et des espéces apparentées". Bull. Stupéfiants 25: 61-77. 70

1973. with T. Sargent and C. Naranjo. "Animal pharmacology and human psychopharmacology of 3-methoxy-4,5-methylenedioxyphenylisopropylamine (MMDA)". Pharmacology 10: 12-18. 71

1974. with Kalbhen, D. A., T. Sargent, G. Braun, H. Stauffer, N. Kusubov, and M. L. Nohr. "Human pharmacodynamics of the psychodysleptic 4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenylisopropylamine labelled with [82]Br". IRCS (Int. Res. Comm. Sys.) 2: 1091. 73

1975. with Sargent, T., D. A. Kalbhen, H. Stauffer, and N. Kusubov. "A potential new brain-scanning agent: 4-[77]Br-2,5-dimethoxyphenylisopropylamine (4-Br-DPIA)". J. Nucl. Med. 16: 243-245. 74

1975. with M. F. Carter. "Centrally active phenethylamines". Psychopharm. Commun. 1: 93-98. 75

1975. with Sargent, T., D. A. Kalbhen, G. Braun, H. Stauffer, and N. Kusubov. "In vivo human pharmacodynamics of the psychodysleptic 4-Br-2,5-dimethoxyphenylisopropylamine labelled with [82]Br or [77]Br". Neuropharmacology 14: 165-174. 76

1975. "The chemical catalysis of altered states of consciousness. Altered states of consciousness, current views and research problems". The drug abuse council, Washington, D. C. Pp. 123–134. 77

1975. "Drug use and anti-drug legislation". The PharmChem Newsletter 4 (#8). 79

1975. with D. C. Dyer. "Psychotomimetic phenylisopropylamines. 5. 4-alkyl-2,5-dimethoxyphenylisopropylamines". J. Med. Chem. 18: 1201-1204. 80

1975. with C. Helisten. "Differentiation of PCP, TCP, and a contaminating precursor PCC, by thin layer chromatography". Microgram 8: 171-172. 81

1975. with Helisten, C. "The detection of 1-piperidinodydlohexanecarbonitrile contamination in illicit preparations of 1-(1-phenylcyclohexyl)piperidine and 1-(1-(2-thienyl)cyclohexyl)piperidine". J. Chrom. 117: 232-235. 82

1976. "Psychotomimetic agents". In M. Gordon [ed.] "Psychopharmacological agents", Vol. 4. Academic Press, New York. Pp. 59–146. 83

1976. "Abuse of the term 'amphetamines'". Clin. Tox. 9: 351-352. 84

1976. "Profiles of psychedelic drugs. 1. DMT". J. Psychedelic Drugs 8: 167-168. 85

1976. "Profiles of psychedelic drugs. 2. TMA-2". J. Psychedelic Drugs 8: 169. 86

1976. with D. E. MacLean. "Illicit synthesis of phencyclidine (PCP) and several of its analogs". Clin. Tox. 9: 553-560. 87

1976. with Nichols, D. E. "Sulfur analogs of psychotomimetic amines". J. Pharm. Sci. 65: 1554-1556. 89

1976. with Sargent, T. and N. Kusubov. "Quantitative measurement of demethylation of [14]C-methoxyl labeled DMPEA and TMA-2 in rats". Psychopharm. Commun. 2: 199-206. 90

1976. with Standridge, R. T., H. G. Howell, J. A. Gylys, R. A. Partyka. "Phenylalkylamines with potential psychotherapeutic utility. 1. 2-amino-1-(2,5,-dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl)butane". J. Med. Chem. 19: 1400-1404. 91

1976. "Profiles of psychedelic drugs. 3. MMDA". J. Psychedelic Drugs 8: 331. 92

1977. "Profiles of psychedelic drugs. 4. Harmaline". J. Psychedelic Drugs 9: 79-80. 93

1977. "Profiles of psychedelic drugs. 5. STP". J. Psychedelic Drugs 9: 171-172. 94

1977. with Nichols, D. E., and D. C. Dyer. "Directional lipophilic character in a series of psychotomimetic phenethylamine derivatives". Life Sciences 21: 569-576. 95

1977. with Jacob, P. III, G. Anderson III, C. K. Meshul, and N. Castagnoli Jr. "Mononethylthio analogues of 1-(2,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)2-aminopropane". J. Med. Chem. 20: 1235-1239. 96

References

External links

Matrixmasters Podcasts featuring the Shulgins

Erowid Character Vaults : Alexander Shulgin

His 'Ask Dr. Shulgin' Blog

Altered Statesman

The Shulgin Project/Dirty Pictures - documentary about life and work of Alexander Shulgin and other scientists and researchers in the field of psychedelics

Video: Natural origins of psychedelic drugs - Alexander Sasha Shulgin: A Chemical Performance

Vice Magazine: The Last interview with Alexander Shulgin

Category:1925 births Category:American pharmacologists Category:American chemists Category:Psychedelic researchers Category:Living people Category:Psychedelic drug advocates Category:People from the San Francisco Bay Area Category:American people of Russian descent