Name	Ardennes
Photo	Frahan JPG01.jpg|thumb|250px
Photo caption	Landscape of Frahan inside the bend of the Semois River
Map	Location Ardennes.PNG|thumb
Location	Wallonia, Belgium Luxembourg Ardennes département and Champagne-Ardenne, France
Lat d	50
Lat m	15
Lat ns	N
Long d	5
Long m	40
Long ew	E
Area	11,200 km2 (2,768,000 acres)
Governing body	Parc National de Champagne/Ardennes Parc National de Furfooz

The Ardennes (; ) is a region of extensive forests, rolling hills and ridges formed within the Givetian (Devonian) Ardennes mountain range, primarily in Belgium and Luxembourg, but stretching into France (lending its name to the Ardennes département and the Champagne-Ardenne région), and geologically into the Eifel. In Wallonia, the word 'Ardenne' in the singular is commonly used for the Belgian part of the region and in the plural for the French one. Ardenne is the origin of the great industrial period of Wallonia, the second of the world (18th, 19th and 20th centuries). In France, the word 'Ardennes' in the plural, together with the definite article, is commonly used to refer to the French Department of that name.

Geography

Much of the Ardennes is covered in dense forests, with the mountains averaging around 350–500 m (1,148-1,640 ft) in height but rising to over 650 m (2,132 ft) in the boggy moors of the Hautes Fagnes (Hohes Venn) region of north-eastern Belgium. The region is typified by steep-sided valleys carved by swift-flowing rivers, the most prominent of which is the Meuse. Its most populous cities are Verviers in Belgium and Charleville-Mézières in France, both exceeding 50,000 inhabitants. The Ardennes is otherwise relatively sparsely populated, with few of the cities exceeding 10,000 inhabitants with a few exceptions like Eupen or Bastogne.

The Eifel range in Germany adjoins the Ardennes and is part of the same geological formation, although they are conventionally regarded as being two distinct areas.

Geology

L' Ardenne (Wallonian spelling), is an old mountain formed during the Hercynian orogeny; in France similar formations are the Armorican Massif, the Massif Central and the Vosges. The low interior of such old mountains often contain coal, iron, zinc, and other metals in the sub-soil. This geologic fact explains the greatest part of the geography of Wallonia and its history. In the North and West of the Ardennes lie the valleys of the Sambre and Meuse rivers, forming an arc (Sillon industriel) going across the most industrial provinces of Wallonia, for example Hainaut, along the river Haine (the etymology of Hainaut); the Borinage, the Centre and Charleroi along the river Sambre; Liège along the river Meuse.

This geological region is important in the history of Wallonia because this old mountain is at the origin of the economy, the history, and the geography of Wallonia. "Wallonia presents a wide range of rocks of various ages. Some geological stages internationally recognized were defined from rock sites located in Wallonia : e.g. Frasnian (Frasnes), Famennian (Famenne), Tournaisian (Tournai), Visean (Visé), Dinantian (Dinant) and Namurian (Namur)" Except for the Tournaisian, all these rocks are within the Ardennes geological area.

Economy

The Ardennes includes the greatest part of the province of Luxembourg (number 4), the south of the province of Namur (number 5) and the province of Liège (number 3), and a very small part of Hainaut (number 2) and the main part of the French Département called Ardennes. Before the 19th century industrialization, the first furnaces in the four Walloon provinces and in the French Ardennes used charcoal for fuel, made from harvesting the Ardennes forest. This industry was also in the extreme south of Luxembourg, in the region called Gaume. The most important part of the Walloon steel industry, using coal, was built around the coal mines, mainly in the region around the cities of Liège, Charleroi, La Louvière, the Borinage, and further in the Walloon Brabant (in Tubize). Wallonia became the second industrial power of the world in proportion to its territory and to its population (see further).

The rugged terrain of the Ardennes limits the scope for agriculture; arable and dairy farming in cleared areas form the mainstay of the agricultural economy. The region is rich in timber and minerals, and Liège and Namur are both major industrial centres. The extensive forests have an abundant population of wild game. The scenic beauty of the region and its wide variety of outdoor activities, including hunting, cycling, walking and canoeing, make it a popular tourist destination.

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History

The region took its name from the ancient Arduenna Silva, a vast forest in Roman times, that stretched from the Sambre river in Belgium to the Rhine in Germany. The forest was named after a pagan goddess Arduinna. The modern Ardennes covers a much smaller area.

In The Song of Roland, Charlemagne was described as having a nightmare the night before the Battle of Roncevaux Pass. This nightmare took place in the Ardennes' forest, where his most important battles occurred.

Many of Wallonia's rivers, villages and other places are named in another song about Charlemagne: the Old French twelfth-century chanson de geste "Quatre Fils Aymon". In Dinant is the rock named Bayard. This rock was named for the magic bay horse which, according to the legend, jumped from the top of the rock to the other bank of the Meuse.

The strategic position of the Ardennes has made it a battleground for European powers for centuries. The region repeatedly changed hands during the early modern period, with parts or all of the Belgian Ardennes being incorporated into France, Germany, the Spanish Netherlands, the Austrian Netherlands and the United Kingdom of the Netherlands at various times. In the 20th century, the Ardennes was widely thought unsuitable for large-scale military operations, due to its difficult terrain and narrow lines of communications. But, in both World War I and World War II, Germany successfully gambled on making a rapid passage through the Ardennes to attack a relatively lightly defended part of France. The Ardennes was the site of three major battles during the world wars – the Battle of the Ardennes in World War I, and the Battle of France and Battle of the Bulge in World War II. Many of the towns of the region were badly damaged during the two world wars.

World War II

The Ardennes is well known because of the Battle of the Bulge. The German Army launched a surprise attack in December 1944 in an attempt to capture Antwerp and drive a wedge between the British and American forces in northern France.

In May 1940, the German army had crossed the Meuse, despite the resistance of the French army. Under command of General Erwin Rommel, the German armoured divisions made it across the river at Dinant and at Sedan, France.

In December 1944, the German army was stopped at the river at Dinant. Local residents say that a German vehicle exploded just before the Bayard rock, possibly after triggering a mine laid by US soldiers. They said the incident followed the legend of protection by the rock and its horse. Dinant's Rock was perhaps the most advanced position of the German army during this battle.

in the French Ardennes]]

References

Notes

Sources

Gerrard, John, Mountain Environments: An Examination of the Physical Geography of Mountains, MIT Press, 1990

External links

Luxembourg Earth science portal

Encyclopedia Britannica, Belgium

Category:Ardennes Category:Forests of Belgium Category:Geography of Belgium Category:Geography of Luxembourg Category:Geography of France Category:Forests of Luxembourg Category:Forests of France Category:Non-political regions of Belgium Category:Old growth forests Category:Wallonia Category:History of Wallonia

Name	Alphonse Pierre Juin
Died	(aged 78)
Placeofbirth	Bône, Algeria
Placeofdeath	Paris, France
Allegiance	-1912-1940 Vichy France-1941 -1942-45
Serviceyears	1912–1962
Rank	Général d'Armée
Commands	15th Motorized Infantry DivisionFrench Expeditionary Corps
Battles	World War I World War II
Awards	Marshal of FranceGrand Croix de la Légion d'honneurMédaille militaireCroix de guerre

Alphonse Pierre Juin (16 December 1888 – 27 January 1967) was a Marshal of France.

Biography

Early years

Juin was born at Bône in [ French [Algeria]], and enlisted in the French Army, graduating from the École Spéciale Militaire de Saint-Cyr in 1912.

Career

In 1914 he was in Morocco, in command of native troops there. Upon the outbreak of World War I, he was sent to the Western Front in France where he was gravely wounded in 1915. As a result of this wound, he lost the use of his right arm.

After the war, he entered the "ecole de guerre" and had excellent results. He choose to serve in Africa again, first under the orders of Lyautey, then under those of Petain and Giraud. He served in the different staffs of the African officers.

In 1938, Juin was nominated to command a brigade. By the outbreak of World War II, he was in command of a division, the 15th Motorized Infantry Division. The division was encircled at Lille during the Battle of France and Juin was captured. Until 1941 he was kept as a prisoner of war in German custody. However during that year he was released at the behest of the Vichy Government and was assigned by them to command French forces in North Africa.

After the invasion of Algeria and Morocco by British and American forces in November 1942, Juin changed sides and ordered General Barré's forces in Tunisia to resist against the Germans and the Italians.

His great skills were exhibited during the Italian campaign when he commanded the French Expeditionary Corps in the US Fifth Army. The Corps' expertise in mountain warfare was particularly well used. The FEC was one of the crucial factors in the breaking of the Winter Line in May 1944. It was Juin who made the plan to break the Gustav line; he took the Belvedere, Monte Majo, attacked the Liri valley, won the battle of the Garigliano, the battle of the East of Rome and played an important part in the battle for Sienna. Juin's ability to analyze where things had gone wrong in some initial thrust and to set things right for the new effort earned him great respect among his contemporaries and among historians of the war such as the American, Rick Atkinson. He was also very firm in bringing the wild Moroccan irregulars, the goumiers, back under discipline and control after several excesses of mass rapine and pillage.

Following this assignment he was Chief of Staff of French forces and represented France at the San Francisco Conference. He was also in charge of organizing the French Army and had contact both with SHAEF and with General De Lattre de Tassigny, commander of the First French Army.

In 1947 he returned to Africa as the Resident General in Morocco. He opposed Moroccan attempts to gain independence. Next came a senior NATO position as he assumed command of CENTAG until 1956. During his NATO command, in 1952, he was promoted to Marshal of France. He was greatly opposed to Charles de Gaulle's decision to grant independence to Algeria, and he retired in 1962 as a result of the incident. (de Gaulle may have demanded Juin's resignation, but publicly announced that he was placing Juin "in the reserve of the Republic.")

Personal life

Juin was the French Army's last living Marshal of France until his death in Paris in 1967, when he was buried in Les Invalides, Paris.

Decorations

Grand Cross of the Légion d'honneur

Médaille Militaire

Croix de guerre 1914-1918

Croix de guerre 1939-1945

Croix de guerre des Théatres d'Opérations Exterieures

References

External links

Photo of Alphonse Juin, hosted by the Portal to Texas History

Category:1888 births Category:1967 deaths Category:People from Annaba Category:Members of the Académie française Category:Marshals of France Category:Grand Croix of the Légion d'honneur Category:French military personnel of World War I Category:French military personnel of World War II Category:Pieds-noirs Category:Saint-Cyrians Category:Recipients of the Croix de Guerre (France) Category:Recipients of the Médaille Militaire

Region	Western Philosophy
Era	20th-century philosophy
Color	#B0C4DE
Image name	GeorgesBataille.jpg
Name	Georges Bataille
Birth date	16 September 1897
Birth place	Billom, France
Death date
Death place	Paris, France
School tradition	Continental philosophy
Influences	Hegel Marx NietzscheFreud Alexandre Kojève Émile Durkheim Marquis de Sade Lev Shestov| Marcel Mauss
Influenced	Michel Foucault Jacques Derrida Maurice Blanchot Jean Baudrillard Michel Onfray

Georges Bataille () (10 September 1897 – 8 July 1962) was a French writer. Although several philosophers have been significantly influenced by his thought, Bataille tended not to refer to himself as a philosopher.

Life and work

Bataille was born in Billom, Puy-de-Dôme. He initially considered priesthood and went to a Catholic seminary but renounced his faith in 1922.

Bataille attended the École des Chartes in Paris and graduated in February 1922. Bataille is often referred to, interchangeably, as an archivist and a librarian. While it is true that he worked at the Bibliothèque Nationale, his work there was with medallion collections (he also published scholarly articles on numismatics), and his thesis at the École des Chartes was a critical edition of the medieval manuscript L’Ordre de chevalerie which he produced directly by classifying the eight manuscripts from which he reconstructed the poem. After graduating he moved to the School of Advanced Spanish Studies in Madrid. As a young man, he befriended, and was much influenced by, the Russian existentialist, Lev Shestov.

Founder of several journals and literary groups, Bataille is the author of an oeuvre both abundant and diverse: readings, poems, essays on innumerable subjects (on the mysticism of economy, in passing of poetry, philosophy, the arts, eroticism). He sometimes published under pseudonyms, and some of his publications were banned. He was relatively ignored during his lifetime and scorned by contemporaries such as Jean-Paul Sartre as an advocate of mysticism, but after his death had considerable influence on authors such as Michel Foucault, Philippe Sollers, and Jacques Derrida, all of whom were affiliated with the journal Tel Quel. His influence is felt in the work of Jean Baudrillard, as well as in the psychoanalytic theories of Jacques Lacan.

Initially attracted to Surrealism, Bataille quickly fell out with its founder André Breton, although Bataille and the Surrealists resumed cautiously cordial relations after World War II. Bataille was a member of the extremely influential College of Sociology which included several other renegade surrealists. He was heavily influenced by Hegel, Freud, Marx, Marcel Mauss, the Marquis de Sade, Alexandre Kojève, and Friedrich Nietzsche, the last of whom he defended in a notable essay against appropriation by the Nazis.

Fascinated by human sacrifice, he founded a secret society, Acéphale, the symbol of which was a decapitated man. According to legend, Bataille and the other members of Acéphale each agreed to be the sacrificial victim as an inauguration; none of them would agree to be the executioner. An indemnity was offered for an executioner, but none was found before the dissolution of Acéphale shortly before the war. The group also published an eponymous review, concerned with Nietzsche's philosophy, and which attempted to postulate what Jacques Derrida has called an "anti-sovereignty". Bataille thus collaborated with André Masson, Pierre Klossowski, Roger Caillois, Jules Monnerot, Jean Rollin and Jean Wahl.

Bataille drew from diverse influences and used diverse modes of discourse to create his work. His novel Story of the Eye (Histoire de l'oeil), published under the pseudonym Lord Auch (literally, Lord "to the shithouse" — "auch" being short for "aux chiottes," slang for telling somebody off by sending him to the toilet), was initially read as pure pornography, while interpretation of the work has gradually matured to reveal the considerable philosophical and emotional depth that is characteristic of other writers who have been categorized within "literature of transgression". The imagery of the novel is built upon a series of metaphors which in turn refer to philosophical constructs developed in his work: the eye, the egg, the sun, the earth, the testicle.

Other famous novels include the posthumously published My Mother (which would become the basis of Christophe Honoré's film Ma mère), The Impossible and Blue of Noon. The latter, with its necrophilia, politics, and autobiographical undertones, is a much darker treatment of contemporary historical reality.

During World War II, he wrote a Summa Atheologica (the title parallels Thomas Aquinas' Summa Theologica) which comprises his works "Inner Experience," "Guilty," and "On Nietzsche." After the war he composed his The Accursed Share, and founded the influential journal Critique. His singular conception of "sovereignty" was discussed by Derrida, Giorgio Agamben, Jean-Luc Nancy and others.

Bataille's first marriage was to actress Silvia Maklès, in 1928; they divorced in 1934, and she later married the psychoanalyst Jacques Lacan. Bataille also had an affair with Colette Peignot, who died in 1938. In 1946 Bataille married Diane de Beauharnais, with whom he had a daughter.

In 1955 Bataille was diagnosed with cerebral arteriosclerosis, although he was not informed at the time of the terminal nature of his illness. He died seven years later, on 8 July 1962.

Key concepts

Base materialism

Bataille developed base materialism during the late 1920s and early 1930s as an attempt to break with mainstream materialism. Bataille argues for the concept of an active base matter that disrupts the opposition of high and low and destabilises all foundations. In a sense the concept is similar to Spinoza's neutral monism of a substance that encompasses both the dual substances of mind and matter posited by Descartes, however it defies strict definition and remains in the realm of experience rather than rationalisation. Base materialism was a major influence on Derrida's deconstruction, and both share the attempt to destabilise philosophical oppositions by means of an unstable "third term." Bataille's notion of Base Materialism may also be seen as anticipating Althusser's conception of aleatory materialism or "materialism of the encounter," which draws on similar atomist metaphors to sketch a world in which causality and actuality are abandoned in favor of limitless possibilities of action.

Other

The Accursed Share

Erotism

Heterogeneous matter

Immanence

The Pineal Eye

Potlatch

The Sacred

Slow slicing

The Solar Anus

Transgression

Bibliography

Primary literature

Complete works

Georges Bataille, Œuvres complètes (Paris: Gallimard)

Volume 1: Premiers écrits, 1922–1940: Histoire de l'œil - L'Anus solaire - Sacrifices - Articles.

Volume 2: Écrits posthumes, 1922–1940

Volume 3: Œuvres littéraires: Madame Edwarda - Le Petit - L'Archangélique - L'Impossible - La Scissiparité - L'Abbé C. - L'être différencié n'est rien - Le Bleu du ciel.

Volume 4: Œuvres littéraires posthumes: Poèmes - Le Mort - Julie - La Maison brûlée - La Tombe de Louis XXX - Divinus Deus - Ébauches.

Volume 5: La Somme athéologique I: L'Expérience intérieure - Méthode de méditation - Post-scriptum 1953 - Le Coupable - L'Alleluiah.

Volume 6: La Somme athéologique II: Sur Nietzsche - Mémorandum - Annexes.

Volume 7: L'économie à la mesure de l'univers - La Part maudite - La limite de l'utile (Fragments) - Théorie de la Religion - Conférences 1947-1948 - Annexes.

Volume 8: L'Histoire de l'érotisme - Le surréalisme au jour le jour - Conférences 1951-1953 - La Souveraineté - Annexes.

Volume 9: Lascaux, ou La naissance de l’art - Manet - La littérature et le mal - Annexes

Volume 10: L’érotisme - Le procès de Gilles de Rais - Les larmes d’Eros

Volume 11: Articles I, 1944–1949

Volume 12: Articles II, 1950–1961

, 2004. (Articles, Book Reviews and Interviews not included in Oeuvres Complètes, Michel Surya Ed.)

Works published in French:

Histoire de l'oeil, 1928. (Story of the Eye) (under pseudonym of Lord Auch)

L'Anus solaire, 1931. (The Solar Anus)

The Notion of Expenditure, 1933.

L'Amité, 1940 (Friendship) (under pseudonym of Dianus - Early version of Part One of Le Coupable)

Madame Edwarda, 1941. (under pseudonym of Pierre Angélique - Fictitiously dated 1937; 2nd Edition - 1945; 3rd Edition - 1956 published with preface in Bataille's name)

Le Petit, 1943. (under pseudonym of Louis Trente; fictitious publication date of 1934)

L'expérience intérieure, 1943. (Inner Experience)

L'Archangélique, 1944. (The Archangelical)

Le Coupable, 1944. (Guilty)

Sur Nietzsche, 1945. (On Nietzsche)

Dirty, 1945.

L'Orestie, 1945. (The Oresteia)

Histoire de rats, 1947. (A Story of Rats)

L'Alleluiah, 1947. (Alleluia: The Catechism of Dianus)

Méthode de méditation, 1947. (Method of Meditation)

''La Haine de la Poésie, 1947. (The Hatred of Poetry - reissued in 1962 as The Impossible)

La Scissiparité, 1949. (The Scission)

La Part maudite, 1949. (The Accursed Share)

L'Abbe C, 1950.

L'expérience intérieure, 1954 (second edition of Inner Experience, followed by Method of Meditation and Post-scriptum 1953)

L'Être indifférence n'est rien, 1954. (Undifferentiated Being is Nothing)

Lascaux, ou la Naissance de l'Art, 1955.

Manet, 1955.

Le Bleu du ciel, 1957 (Written 1935-36) (Blue of Noon)

La littérature et le Mal, 1957. (Literature and Evil)

L'Erotisme, 1957. (Erotism)

Le Coupable, 1961. (Guilty, second, revised edition, followed by Alleluia: The Catechism of Dianus)

Les larmes d'Éros, 1961. (The Tears of Eros)

, 1962. (The Impossible)

Posthumous works:

Ma Mére, 1966 (My Mother)

Le Mort, 1967 (The Dead Man)

Théorie de la Religion, 1973. (Theory of Religion)

Translated works:

Lascaux; or, the Birth of Art, the Prehistoric Paintings, Austryn Wainhouse, 1955, Lausanne: Skira.

Manet, Austryn Wainhouse and James Emmons, 1955, Editions d'Art Albert Skira.

Literature and Evil, Alastair Hamilton, 1973, Calder & Boyars Ltd.

, Allan Stoekl, Carl R. Lovitt, and Donald M. Leslie, Jr., 1985, University of Minnesota Press.

, Mary Dalwood, 1986, City Lights Books.

Story of the Eye, Joachim Neugroschel, 1987, City Lights Books.

The Accursed Share: An Essay On General Economy. Volume I: Consumption, Robert Hurley, 1988, Zone Books.

The College of Sociology, 1937–39 (Bataille et al.), Betsy Wing, 1988, University of Minnesota Press.

Guilty, Bruce Boone, 1988, The Lapis Press.

Inner Experience, Leslie Anne Boldt, 1988, State University of New York.

My Mother, Madame Edwarda, The Dead Man, Austryn Wainhouse, with essays by Yukio Mishima and Ken Hollings, 1989, Marion Boyars Publishers.

The Tears of Eros, Peter Connor, 1989, City Lights Books.

Theory of Religion, Robert Hurley, 1989, Zone Books.

, Robert Hurley, 1991, Zone Books.

The Impossible, Robert Hurley, 1991, City Lights Books.

The Trial of Gilles de Rais, Richard Robinson, 1991, Amok Press.

On Nietzsche, Bruce Boone, 1992, Paragon House.

, Michael Richardson, 1994, Verso.

Encyclopaedia Acephalica (Bataille et al.), Iain White et al., 1995, Atlas Press.

L'Abbe C, Philip A Facey, 2001, Marion Boyars Publishers.

Blue of Noon, Harry Matthews, 2002, Marion Boyars Publishers.

The Unfinished System of Nonknowledge, Stuart Kendall and Michelle Kendall, 2004, University of Minnesota Press.

The Cradle of Humanity: Prehistoric Art and Culture, Stuart Kendall, Michelle Kendall, 2009, Zone Books.

Divine Filth: Lost Scatology and Erotica, Mark Spitzer, 2009, Solar Books.

Secondary literature

Ades, Dawn, and Simon Baker, Undercover Surrealism: Georges Bataille and Documents. (Cambridge: The MIT Press, 2006).

Boldt-Irons, Leslie Anne (ed.), On Bataille: Critical Essays (Albany: SUNY Press, 1995).

Bourgon, Jérome, Bataille et le supplicié Chinois: erreurs sur la personne, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique

Campillo, Antonio, Contra la Economía. Ensayos sobre Bataille (Granada: Comares, 2001).

Connor, Peter, Georges Bataille and the Mysticism of Sin (Johns Hopkins University Press, 2000).

Derrida, Jacques, "From Restricted to General Economy: A Hegelianism without Reserve," in Writing and Difference (London: Routledge, 1978).

Ferri, Laurent, and Gauthier, Christophe [eds.], L'Histoire-Bataille: l'Ecriture de l'histoire dans l'oeuvre de Georges Bataille, Geneva: Droz, 2006.

Gill, Carolyn, Bataille: Writing the Sacred, (London: Routledge, 1995).

French, Patrick, The Cut (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999).

Gemerchak, Christopher, The Sunday of the Negative: Reading Bataille Reading Hegel (Albany: SUNY Press, 2003).

Heinämäki, Elisa, Tyhjä taivas: Georges Bataille ja uskonnon kysymys (Helsinki, Tutkijaliitto, 2008) (Kirjastoluokitus: uskonnonfilosofia, 21).

Hill, Leslie, "Bataille, Klossowski, Blanchot: Writing At The Limit" (Oxford University Press, 2001).

Hollier, Denis, Against Architecture: The Writings of Georges Bataille (MIT Press, 1992).

Hollier, Denis, dir.,Georges Bataille après tout, Belin, Paris, 1995.

Hussey, Andrew, Inner Scar: The Mysicism of Georges Bataille (Amsterdam: Rudopi, 2000).

Kendall, Stuart, Georges Bataille (London, Reaktion Books, 2007).

Land, Nick, The Thirst for Annihilation: Georges Bataille and Virulent Nihilism (an essay on atheistic religion) (London: Routledge, 1992).

Merritt, Naomi, ‘Cannibalistic Capitalism and other American Delicacies: A Bataillean Taste of The Texas Chain Saw Massacre’, Film-Philosophy, (Vol 14, No 1, 2010, http://www.film-philosophy.com/index.php/f-p/article/view/190 )

Mitchell, Andrew, and Winfree, Jason, ed. The Obsessions of Georges Bataille: Community and Communication. (Albany: SUNY 2009).

Nancy, Jean-Luc, The Inoperative Community (Minneapolis & Oxford: University of Minnesota Press, 1991).

Nechvatal, Joseph, Immersive Excess in the Apse of Lascaux, Technonoetic Arts 3, no3. 2005

Noys, Benjamin, Georges Bataille: a critical introduction (London: Pluto, 2000).

Pefanis, Julian, Heterology and the Postmodern : Bataille, Baudrillard and Lyotard, London, Duke University Press, 1991.

Perniola, Mario, L'instant éternel. Bataille et la pensée de la marginalité, translated by François Pelletier, preface to the French edition by the author, Paris, Méridien/Anthropos, 1981, ISBN 2-86563-024-2.

Richardson, Michael, Georges Bataille (London: Routledge, 1994).

Roudinesco, Elisabeth, Jacques Lacan & Co.: a history of psychoanalysis in France, 1925-1985, 1990, Chicago,Chicago University Press

Roudinesco, Elisabeth, Jacques Lacan, Outline of a Life, History of a System of Thought, 1999, New York, Columbia University Press.

Roudinesco, Elisabeth, Our Dark Side, A History of Perversion, Cambridge, Polity Press, 2009.

Sollers, Philippe, Writing and the Experience of Limits (Columbia University Press, 1982).

Santi, Sylvain, Georges Bataille, а l’extrémité fuyante de la poêsie (Amsterdam/New York, 2007) (Faux Titre, 303).

Sontag, Susan. "The Pornographic Imagination." Styles of Radical Will. (Picador, 1967).

Stoekl, Allan (ed.), On Bataille: Yale French Studies 78 (1990). Includes: Bataille, "Hegel, Death and Sacrifice"; Bataille, "Letter to René Char on the Incompatibilities of the Writer"; Jean-Luc Nancy, "Exscription"; Rebecca Comay, "Gifts without Presents: Economies of 'Experience' in Bataille and Heidegger"; Jean-Joseph Goux, "General Economics and Postmodern Capitalism."

Surya, Michel, Georges Bataille: an intellectual biography, trans. by Krzysztof Fijalkowski and Michael Richardson (London: Verso, 2002).

References

External links

Kirjasto, sf, Overview of Bataille

Popsubculture, Bio Project, George Bataille biography

SOFT TARGETS Journal, Bataille's Apocalypse

University of Wolverhampton, Extract from Bataille's Eroticism

IMDb entry for Ma mère

Hayward Gallery's 'Undercover Surrealism' site

New Statesman, Bataille's exhibition

Bataille Dutch

Janus Head: Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies in Literature, Continental Philosophy, Phenomenological Psychology, and the Arts. Geoffrey Roche, "Bataille on Sade"

Revue Silène, From Heterogeneity to the Sacred

Video Interview of Bataille on Dailymotion.com French

Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Jérome Bourgon's Bataille essay

out of line theatre's devised theatre creation based upon Bataille's "The Dead Man"

Category:1897 births Category:1962 deaths Category:People from Puy-de-Dôme Category:20th-century philosophers Category:Continental philosophers Category:Former Roman Catholics Category:French atheists Category:French novelists Category:French philosophers Category:French librarians Category:Literary critics Category:Social philosophy Category:Philosophy of sexuality Category:French erotica writers