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A.P. Hill
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Abraham Lincoln
Abraham Lincoln (February 12, 1809 – April 15, 1865) served as the 16th President of the United States from March 1861 until his assassination in April 1865. He successfully led the country through its greatest internal crisis, the American Civil War, preserving the Union, ending slavery, and rededicating the nation to nationalism, equal rights, liberty and democracy. Reared in a poor family on the western frontier, he was mostly self-educated and became a country lawyer, an Illinois state legislator, and a one-term member of the United States House of Representatives, but failed in two attempts at a seat in the United States Senate. He was an affectionate, though often absent, husband, and father of four children.
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Alexander Lawton
Alexander Robert Lawton (November 4, 1818 – July 2, 1896) was a lawyer, politician, diplomat, and brigadier general in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War.
http://wn.com/Alexander_Lawton -
Andrew Johnson
Andrew Johnson (December 29, 1808 – July 31, 1875) was the 17th President of the United States (1865–1869). Following the assassination of President Abraham Lincoln, Johnson presided over the Reconstruction era of the United States in the four years after the American Civil War. His tenure was controversial as his positions favoring the white South came under heavy political attack from Republicans.
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David Hunter
David Hunter (July 21, 1802 – February 2, 1886) was a Union general in the American Civil War. He achieved fame by his unauthorized 1862 order (immediately rescinded) emancipating slaves in three Southern states and as the president of the military commission trying the conspirators involved with the assassination of President Abraham Lincoln.
http://wn.com/David_Hunter -
David J. Eicher
David John Eicher (born August 7, 1961, Oxford, Ohio) is an amateur astronomer and author. He is editor-in-chief of Astronomy magazine, and author of popular astronomy and American History publications. He is the son of John Harold Eicher (born March 30, 1921), a professor of organic chemistry at Miami University in Oxford, Ohio, and Susan Ann Arne Eicher (1923–1983), a housewife.
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Douglas S. Freeman
Douglas Southall Freeman, (May 16, 1886 – June 13, 1953), was an American journalist and historian. He was the author of definitive biographies of George Washington and Confederate General Robert E. Lee.
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Francis C. Barlow
Francis Channing Barlow (October 19, 1834 – January 11, 1896) was a lawyer, politician, and Union General during the American Civil War.
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Franz Sigel
Franz Sigel (November 18, 1824 – August 21, 1902) was a German military officer and immigrant to the United States who was a teacher, newspaperman, politician, and served as a Union major general in the American Civil War.
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George Crook
George R. Crook (September 8, 1828 – March 21, 1890) was a career United States Army officer, most noted for his distinguished service during the American Civil War and the Indian Wars.
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George G. Meade
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James Longstreet
James Longstreet (January 8, 1821 – January 2, 1904) was one of the foremost Confederate generals of the American Civil War and the principal subordinate to General Robert E. Lee, who called him his "Old War Horse." He served under Lee as a corps commander for many of the famous battles fought by the Army of Northern Virginia in the Eastern Theater, but also with Gen. Braxton Bragg in the Army of Tennessee in the Western Theater. Biographer and historian Jeffry D. Wert wrote that "Longstreet ... was the finest corps commander in the Army of Northern Virginia; in fact, he was arguably the best corps commander in the conflict on either side."
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John B. Gordon
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John Brown Gordon
John Brown Gordon (February 6, 1832 January 9, 1904) was one of Robert E. Lee's most trusted Confederate generals during the American Civil War. After the war, he was a strong opponent of Reconstruction and is thought by some to have been the titular leader of the Ku Klux Klan in Georgia during the late 1860s. A member of the Democratic Party, he served as a U.S. Senator from 1873 to 1880, and again from 1891-1897. He also served as the 53rd Governor of Georgia from 1886 to 1890.
http://wn.com/John_Brown_Gordon -
John McCausland
John McCausland, Jr. (September 13, 1836 – January 22, 1927) was a brigadier general in the Confederate States Army, famous for the ransom of Hagerstown, Maryland, and the razing of Chambersburg, Pennsylvania, during the American Civil War.
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Lew Wallace
Lewis "Lew" Wallace (April 10, 1827 February 15, 1905) was a lawyer, governor, Union general in the American Civil War, American statesman and author, best remembered for his historical novel .
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Michael Shaara
Michael Shaara (June 23, 1928 - May 5, 1988) was an American writer of science fiction, sports fiction, and historical fiction. He was born to Italian immigrant parents (the family name was originally spelled Sciarra, which in Italian is pronounced the same way) in Jersey City, New Jersey, graduated from Rutgers University in 1951, and served as a sergeant in the 82nd Airborne division prior to the Korean War.
http://wn.com/Michael_Shaara -
P.G.T. Beauregard
Pierre Gustave Toutant Beauregard (; May 28, 1818 – February 20, 1893) was a Louisiana-born American military officer, politician, inventor, writer, civil servant, and the first prominent general of the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War.
http://wn.com/PGT_Beauregard -
Philip Sheridan
Philip Henry Sheridan (March 6, 1831 – August 5, 1888) was a career United States Army officer and a Union general in the American Civil War. His career was noted for his rapid rise to major general and his close association with Lt. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant, who transferred Sheridan from command of an infantry division in the Western Theater to lead the Cavalry Corps of the Army of the Potomac in the East. In 1864, he defeated Confederate forces in the Shenandoah Valley and his destruction of the economic infrastructure of the Valley, called "The Burning" by residents, was one of the first uses of scorched earth tactics in the war. In 1865, his cavalry pursued Gen. Robert E. Lee and was instrumental in forcing his surrender at Appomattox.
http://wn.com/Philip_Sheridan -
Richard S. Ewell
Richard Stoddert Ewell (February 8, 1817 – January 25, 1872) was a career United States Army officer and a Confederate general during the American Civil War. He achieved fame as a senior commander under Stonewall Jackson and Robert E. Lee and fought effectively through much of the war, but his legacy has been clouded by controversies over his actions at the Battle of Gettysburg and at the Battle of Spotsylvania Court House.
http://wn.com/Richard_S_Ewell -
Robert E. Lee
Robert Edward Lee (January 19, 1807 – October 12, 1870) was a career United States Army officer and combat engineer. He became the commanding general of the Confederate army in the American Civil War and a postwar icon of the South's "lost cause." A top graduate of West Point, Lee distinguished himself as an exceptional soldier in the U.S. Army for 32 years. He is best known for having commanded the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia in the American Civil War.
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Seminole (tribe)
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Stonewall Jackson
Thomas Jonathan "Stonewall" Jackson (January 21, 1824 – May 10, 1863) was a Confederate general during the American Civil War, and probably the most well-known Confederate commander after General Robert E. Lee. His military career includes the Valley Campaign of 1862 and his service as a corps commander in the Army of Northern Virginia under Robert E. Lee. Confederate pickets accidentally shot him at the Battle of Chancellorsville on May 2, 1863, which the general survived, albeit with the loss of an arm to amputation. However, he died of complications of pneumonia eight days later. His death was a severe setback for the Confederacy, affecting not only its military prospects, but also the morale of its army and of the general public.
http://wn.com/Stonewall_Jackson -
Ulysses S. Grant
Ulysses S. Grant (born Hiram Ulysses Grant; April 27, 1822 – July 23, 1885) was the 18th President of the United States (1869–1877) as well as military commander during the Civil War and post-war Reconstruction periods. Under Grant's command, the Union Army defeated the Confederate military and ended the Confederate States of America. Grant began his lifelong career as a soldier after graduating from the United States Military Academy in 1843. Fighting in the Mexican American War, he was a close observer of the techniques of Generals Zachary Taylor and Winfield Scott. He resigned from the Army in 1854, then struggled to make a living in St. Louis. After many financial setbacks, he finally moved to Galena, Illinois where he worked as a clerk in his father's tannery shop, making Galena his permanent legal home.
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Battle of Antietam
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Battle of Gettysburg
The Battle of Gettysburg (locally , with an ss sound), fought July 1–3, 1863, in and around the town of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, was the battle with the largest number of casualties in the American Civil War and is often described as the war's turning point. Union Maj. Gen. George Gordon Meade's Army of the Potomac defeated attacks by Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia, ending Lee's invasion of the North.
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Battle of Monocacy
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http://wn.com/Battle_of_Monocacy -
Battle of Waynesboro
The Battle of Waynesboro was fought on March 2, 1865, in Augusta County, Virginia, during the American Civil War. It was the final battle for Confederate Lt. Gen. Jubal Early, whose force was destroyed.
http://wn.com/Battle_of_Waynesboro -
Canada
Canada () is a country in North America, extending from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west and northward into the Arctic Ocean. It is the world's second largest country by total area. Canada's common border with the United States to the south and northwest is the longest in the world.
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Cemetery Hill
Cemetery Hill is a key terrain feature in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, the northernmost extent of Cemetery Ridge. It played prominent roles in all three days of the Battle of Gettysburg, July 1–3, 1863.
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Cuba
The Republic of Cuba (; , ) is an island country in the Caribbean. The nation of Cuba consists of the main island of Cuba, the Isla de la Juventud, and several archipelagos.
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Culp's Hill
'''Culp's Hill''' is a key terrain feature in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, overlooking the main downtown area from the southeast. It consists of two rounded peaks, separated by a narrow saddle. The higher peak, at 627 feet (190 m) above sea level, is of similar height to its neighbor to the west, Cemetery Hill, but it is heavily wooded and has a steep slope east to Rock Creek, 160 feet (50 m) lower in elevation. The western slope is connected to East Cemetery Hill by a sagging crest line that includes a plateau (McKnight's Hill) that was named Stevens's Knoll after the battle, for Captain Greenleaf T. Stevens, the commander of the 5th Maine Light Artillery, stationed there. The lower peak is 100 feet (30 m) shorter than its companion. The hill was owned in 1863 by a local farmer named Henry Culp.
http://wn.com/Culp's_Hill -
Leesburg, Virginia
Leesburg is a historic town in, and county seat of, Loudoun County, Virginia, United States of America. Leesburg is located west-northwest of Washington, D.C. along the base of the Catoctin Mountain and adjacent to the Potomac River. The town is also the northwestern terminus of the Dulles Greenway (a private toll road which connects to the Dulles Toll Road at Washington Dulles International Airport).
http://wn.com/Leesburg_Virginia -
Lynchburg, Virginia
Lynchburg is an independent city in the Commonwealth of Virginia. The population was 73,933 at the 2009 U.S. census estimate. Located in the foothills of the Blue Ridge Mountains along the banks of the James River, Lynchburg is known as the "City of Seven Hills", "The Hill City" and sometimes described as "A City Unto Itself", because of its status as an independent city not located in any county and in reference to the city's historical avoidance of State and Federal entanglements. Lynchburg was the only major city in Virginia that did not fall to the Union in the American Civil War.
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Petersburg, Virginia
Petersburg is an independent city in Virginia, United States located on the Appomattox River and south of the state capital city of Richmond. The city's unique industrial past and its location combined to create wealth for Virginia and the region. The city's population was 33,740 as of the 2000 census, predominantly of African-American ethnicity.
http://wn.com/Petersburg_Virginia -
Richmond, Virginia
Richmond () is the capital of the Commonwealth of Virginia, in the United States. Like all Virginia municipalities incorporated as cities, it is an independent city and not part of any county. Richmond is the center of the Richmond Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) and the Greater Richmond area. Surrounded by Henrico and Chesterfield counties, the city is located at the intersections of Interstate 95 and Interstate 64, and surrounded by Interstate 295 and Virginia State Route 288 in central Virginia. The population was 200,123 in 2007, with an estimated population of 1,212,977 for the Richmond Metropolitan Area — making it the third largest in Virginia.
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Second Bull Run
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Seminole Wars
The Seminole Wars, also known as the Florida Wars, were three conflicts in Florida between various groups of Native Americans, collectively known as Seminoles, and the United States Army. The First Seminole War was from 1817 to 1818, the Second Seminole War from 1835 to 1842, and the Third Seminole War from 1855 to 1858. The Second Seminole War, often referred to as "The Seminole War", lasted longer than any other war involving the United States between the American Revolution and the Vietnam War.
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Siege of Petersburg
The Richmond–Petersburg Campaign was a series of battles around Petersburg, Virginia, fought from June 9, 1864, to March 25, 1865, during the American Civil War. Although it is more popularly known as the Siege of Petersburg, it was not a classic military siege, in which a city is usually surrounded and all supply lines are cut off, nor was it strictly limited to actions against Petersburg. The campaign was nine months of trench warfare in which Union forces commanded by Lt. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant assaulted Petersburg unsuccessfully and then constructed trench lines that eventually extended over from the eastern outskirts of Richmond, Virginia, to around the eastern and southern outskirts of Petersburg. Petersburg was crucial to the supply of Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee's army and the Confederate capital of Richmond. Numerous raids were conducted and battles fought in attempts to cut off the railroad supply lines through Petersburg to Richmond, and many of these caused the lengthening of the trench lines, overloading dwindling Confederate resources.
http://wn.com/Siege_of_Petersburg -
Toronto
Toronto (, colloquially or ) is the largest city in Canada and the provincial capital of Ontario. It is located in Southern Ontario on the northwestern shore of Lake Ontario. With over 2.5 million residents, it is the fifth most populous municipality in North America. Toronto is at the heart of the Greater Toronto Area (GTA), and is part of a densely populated region in Southern Ontario known as the Golden Horseshoe, which is home to over 8.1 million residents—approximately 25% of Canada's population. The census metropolitan area (CMA) had a population of 5,113,149, and the Greater Toronto Area had a population of 5,555,912 in the 2006 Census.
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United States
The United States of America (also referred to as the United States, the U.S., the USA, or America) is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington, D.C., the capital district, lie between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to the east and Russia to the west across the Bering Strait. The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific. The country also possesses several territories in the Caribbean and Pacific.
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Washington, D.C.
Washington, D.C. (), formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D.C., is the capital of the United States, founded on July 16, 1790. Article One of the United States Constitution provides for a federal district, distinct from the states, to serve as the permanent national capital. The City of Washington was originally a separate municipality within the federal territory until an act of Congress in 1871 established a single, unified municipal government for the whole District. It is for this reason that the city, while legally named the District of Columbia, is known as Washington, D.C. The city shares its name with the U.S. state of Washington, which is located on the country's Pacific coast.
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Winchester, Virginia
Winchester is an independent city located in the northwestern portion of the Commonwealth of Virginia in the USA. The city's population was 23,585 according to the 2000 U.S. Census. Winchester is the county seat of Frederick County and the principal city of the Winchester, Virginia-West Virginia Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is a part of the Washington-Baltimore-Northern Virginia, DC-MD-VA-WV Combined Statistical Area. The Bureau of Economic Analysis combines the city of Winchester with surrounding Frederick County for statistical purposes. Winchester is home to Shenandoah University and the Museum of the Shenandoah Valley.
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York, Pennsylvania
York, known as the White Rose City (after the symbol of the House of York), is a city located in South Central Pennsylvania. The population within the city limits was 40,862 at the 2000 census. When combined with the adjacent boroughs of West York and North York and surrounding Spring Garden, West Manchester, and Springettsbury townships, the population of Greater York is 99,764. York is the county seat of York County, and is located at . York is currently the 14th largest city in Pennsylvania.
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- abolitionists
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- Canada
- Cemetery Hill
- Christianized
- colonel
- Confederate Army
- Cuba
- Culp's Hill
- David Hunter
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- Firefly (TV series)
- Francis C. Barlow
- Franz Sigel
- George Crook
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- Gettysburg Campaign
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- Inferno (1999 film)
- James Longstreet
- John B. Gordon
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- lawyer
- Leesburg, Virginia
- Lew Wallace
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- Major General (CSA)
- memoir
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Juba crowd cheers South Sudanese flag raising
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:16
- Published: 09 Jul 2011
- Uploaded: 15 Dec 2011
- Author: AlJazeeraEnglish
Tens of thousands of Sudanese and foreign dignitaries were on hand Saturday to observe the birth of the world's newest nation: South Sudan. After years of war and many dead, the new country cheered the hoisting of its flag.
http://wn.com/Juba_crowd_cheers_South_Sudanese_flag_raising
Juba New Business
The capital of Southern Sudan, Juba is open for business according to the World Bank's recent survey. VOA's Cathy Majtenyi has the story.
http://wn.com/Juba_New_Business
JUBA SNIPER DE BAGDAD_de Touns34 Actualit Touns34 .mp4
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:03
- Published: 20 Oct 2011
- Uploaded: 23 Dec 2011
- Author: SuperTounss
tue les ou qu ils soit
http://wn.com/JUBA_SNIPER_DE_BAGDAD_de_Touns34_Actualit_Touns34_mp4
War Stories: Juba Baghdad Sniper
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:38
- Published: 14 Sep 2011
- Uploaded: 22 Dec 2011
- Author: TexasGrown409
Thanks for all the support :) Facebook-www.facebook.com Twitter-twitter.com Yeousch-www.yeousch.com
http://wn.com/War_Stories_Juba_Baghdad_Sniper
Juba, capitale du Sud-Soudan ravagée par des décennies de guerre
Juba, la capitale du dernier né des pays du monde, le Sud-Soudan, est une ville ravagée par la guerre, faite de cabanes et de routes cabossées, qui accueille une importante population issue de l'immigration. Durée: 01:49
http://wn.com/Juba,_capitale_du_Sud-Soudan_ravagée_par_des_décennies_de_guerre
Juba University in South Sudan
South Sudan's Juba University remains closed due to the decay of its brown-stone buildings near the center of the city following years of war. VOA's Paul Ndiho reports.
http://wn.com/Juba_University_in_South_Sudan
Foreign Secretary opens British Embassy in Juba
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:48
- Published: 09 Jul 2011
- Uploaded: 15 Jul 2011
- Author: ukforeignoffice
Foreign Secretary William Hague opens the British Embassy in Juba and introduces new Ambassador following the independence of South Sudan on 9 July - More info: www.fco.gov.uk
http://wn.com/Foreign_Secretary_opens_British_Embassy_in_Juba
DYNAMQ VIDEO BLOG - 06 - JUBA,SOUTHERN SUDAN
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:04
- Published: 14 Jun 2011
- Uploaded: 16 Oct 2011
- Author: dynamqvideos
Dynamq Video Blog Live From Juba,Southern Sudan
http://wn.com/DYNAMQ_VIDEO_BLOG__06__JUBA,SOUTHERN_SUDAN
Bashir's Juba visit
www.ntv.co.ke President Omar Hassan Al-Bashir paid a surprise visit with just days to go before the referendum. Bashir declared that he would support the southerners in developing their new country should they vote for secession on Sunday. Bashir however says he wishes for a united Sudan. NTV's John Allan Namu reports on the visit that brought the city's transport to a standstill.
http://wn.com/Bashir's_Juba_visit
Behind the Scenes - On Location in Juba
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:14
- Published: 01 Aug 2011
- Uploaded: 08 Oct 2011
- Author: DatelineSBS
Go behind the scenes with Yalda Hakim and the Dateline team filming in the world's newest nation, South Sudan. For more, go to the SBS Dateline website... bit.ly
http://wn.com/Behind_the_Scenes__On_Location_in_Juba
Juba gears up to celebrate South Sudan's Independence
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:43
- Published: 02 Jul 2011
- Uploaded: 14 Jul 2011
- Author: XCHANGEperspectives
JUBA - Preparations for South Sudan's official independence day on 9 July are in full swing. With the historic event just one week away, students and teachers are rehearsing the national anthem of Africa's newest nation. A new airport to receive international guests is under nearing completion. Thirty heads of state and 80 foreign delegations have been invited to the festivities. The official celebration will take place at the John Garang Mausoleum, where the Republic of South Sudan's flag will be raised. Marvis Birungi has this video report from Juba:
http://wn.com/Juba_gears_up_to_celebrate_South_Sudan's_Independence
Joe Bethancourt - Juba
Played on a gourd banjo as used in the late 1700s and early 1800s, this may be the oldest banjo tune we know.
http://wn.com/Joe_Bethancourt__Juba
![Snipers in Iraq / Scharfschützen im Irak [Spiegel TV]](http://web.archive.org./web/20120101230125im_/http://i.ytimg.com/vi/LxGEYRzCyrU/0.jpg "Snipers in Iraq / Scharfschützen im Irak [Spiegel TV]")
Snipers in Iraq / Scharfschützen im Irak [Spiegel TV]
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:36
- Published: 15 Apr 2008
- Uploaded: 23 Dec 2011
- Author: Fettmopps1991
Reportage über Scharfschützen Im Irak. Footage about snipers in Iraq. Tags: sniper juba us army marines scharfschütze sniper irak iraq iraqi juba sharpshooter german deutsch militär military army shot dead die
http://wn.com/Snipers_in_Iraq_/_Scharfschützen_im_Irak_ Spiegel_TV
shopping in Juba South Sudan
shopping at a local market in Juba, hundreds of small shops little or no african clothing, mostly European, American clothing here. rbrafrica@yahoo.com
http://wn.com/shopping_in_Juba_South_Sudan
South Sudan Independence Day Celebrations, Juba - July 9, 2011
South Sudan Independence Day Celebrations, Juba - July 9, 2011
http://wn.com/South_Sudan_Independence_Day_Celebrations,_Juba__July_9,_2011
SPLA Entry to Juba, South Sudan
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:57
- Published: 30 Apr 2007
- Uploaded: 05 Dec 2011
- Author: GarangKuot
SPLA entry to Juba for the first time sigifying the end 22 years military confrontation between north and south of Sudan
http://wn.com/SPLA_Entry_to_Juba,_South_Sudan
NTV's trip to juba
www.ntv.co.ke A vote for separation is likely to deepen regional cooperation between southern Sudan and the rest of East Africa. But getting to juba by road remains a nightmare for business people and other travellers. NTV's Robert Nagila begins our three part series that starts right at the Busia border.
http://wn.com/NTV's_trip_to_juba
Celebration juba july 9 061.AVI
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:35
- Published: 21 Jul 2011
- Uploaded: 21 Jul 2011
- Author: 22142318ful
Armed forces and civil society of South Sudan celebrating independance day in Juba July 9 2011
http://wn.com/Celebration_juba_july_9_061AVI
Juba Independence Preparations
On July 9, 2011 Juba will become the capital city of the world's newest nation and the new country is expected to be named the Republic of South Sudan. VOA's Paul Ndiho has the story.
http://wn.com/Juba_Independence_Preparations
![Brams feat Juba - Stop look & listen [Brooklyn to Brussels]](http://web.archive.org./web/20120101230125im_/http://i.ytimg.com/vi/QrIAi1Xwxt0/0.jpg "Brams feat Juba - Stop look & listen [Brooklyn to Brussels]")
Brams feat Juba - Stop look & listen [Brooklyn to Brussels]
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:50
- Published: 04 Apr 2011
- Uploaded: 04 Dec 2011
- Author: BramsOfficiel
"STOP LOOK & LISTEN" from Brooklyn to Brussels CAST BRAMS (from Belgium) featuring JUBA (from USA) DIRECTOR OF PHOTOGRAPHY AND POST-PRODUCTION François Dubois MUSIC INSTRUMENTAL BEAT Statik Selektah ORIGINAL SAMPLE Kool & the Gang THANKS The Collector shop bboy Lemon & Hayabuza Logan Van B 2011
http://wn.com/Brams_feat_Juba__Stop_look_listen_ Brooklyn_to_Brussels
photo: AP / Sayyid Abdul Azim
21 Dec 2011
South Sudanese rebels will continue their fight against the newly independent government in Juba despite the killing of their leader George Athor, his spokesman said on Wednesday. "To me, the mission...
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RELATED LINKS
- A.P. Hill
- abolitionists
- Abraham Lincoln
- Alexander Lawton
- amalgamation
- American Civil War
- Andrew Johnson
- B&O; Railroad
- Battle of Antietam
- Battle of Gettysburg
- Battle of Monocacy
- Battle of Waynesboro
- Canada
- Cemetery Hill
- Christianized
- colonel
- Confederate Army
- Cuba
- Culp's Hill
- David Hunter
- David J. Eicher
- division (military)
- Douglas S. Freeman
- Elk Ridge (Maryland)
- Firefly (TV series)
- Francis C. Barlow
- Franz Sigel
- George Crook
- George G. Meade
- Gettysburg Campaign
- guerrilla
- Inferno (1999 film)
- James Longstreet
- John B. Gordon
- John Brown Gordon
- John McCausland
- John Sedgwick
- lawyer
- Leesburg, Virginia
- Lew Wallace
- Lynchburg, Virginia
- Major General (CSA)
- memoir
- Mexican-American War
- Michael Shaara
- Nathan Fillion
- Objects in Space
- Overland Campaign
- P.G.T. Beauregard
- Petersburg, Virginia
- Philip Sheridan
- Potomac River
- ransom
- regiment
- Richard S. Ewell
- Richmond, Virginia
- Robert E. Lee
- secession
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| Coordinates | 38°53′51.61″N77°2′11.58″N |
|---|---|
| Name | Jubal Anderson Early |
| Birth date | November 03, 1816 |
| Death date | March 02, 1894 |
| Nickname | Old Jube, Old Jubilee |
| Birth place | Franklin County, Virginia |
| Death place | Lynchburg, Virginia |
| Placeofburial label | Place of burial |
| Allegiance | United States of AmericaConfederate States of America |
| Branch | United States ArmyConfederate Army |
| Serviceyears | 1837–38, 1846–48 (U.S.),1861–65 (C.S.A.) |
| Rank | |
| Battles | Seminole WarsMexican-American WarAmerican Civil War
|
| Laterwork | Lawyer }} |
Early years
Early was born in Franklin County, Virginia, third of ten children of Ruth Hairston and Joab Early. He graduated from the United States Military Academy in 1837, ranked 18th of 50. During his tenure at the Academy he was engaged in a dispute with a fellow cadet named Lewis Addison Armistead. Armistead broke a mess plate over Early's head, an incident that prompted Armistead's resignation from the Academy. After graduating from the Academy, Early fought against the Seminole in Florida as a second lieutenant in the 3rd U.S. Artillery regiment before resigning from the Army for the first time in 1838. He practiced law in the 1840s as a prosecutor for both Franklin and Floyd Counties in Virginia. He was noted for a case in Mississippi, where he beat the top lawyers in the state. His law practice was interrupted by the Mexican-American War from 1846–1848. He served in the Virginia House of Delegates from 1841–1843.
Civil War
Early was a Whig and strongly opposed secession at the April 1861 Virginia convention for that purpose. However, he was soon aroused by the actions of the Federal government when President Abraham Lincoln called for 75,000 volunteers to suppress the rebellion. He accepted a commission as a brigadier general in the Virginia Militia. He was sent to Lynchburg, Virginia, to raise three regiments and then commanded one of them, the 24th Virginia Infantry, as a colonel in the Confederate States Army.Early was promoted to brigadier general after the First Battle of Bull Run (or First Manassas) in July 1861. In that battle, he displayed valor at Blackburn's Ford and impressed General P.G.T. Beauregard. He fought in most of the major battles in the Eastern Theater, including the Seven Days Battles, Second Bull Run, Antietam, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, and numerous battles in the Shenandoah Valley. During the Gettysburg Campaign, Early's Division occupied York, Pennsylvania, the largest Northern town to fall to the Rebels during the war.
Early was trusted and supported by Robert E. Lee, the commander of the Army of Northern Virginia. Lee affectionately called Early his "Bad Old Man," because of his short temper. He appreciated Early's aggressive fighting and ability to command units independently. Most of Early's soldiers referred to him as "Old Jube" or "Old Jubilee" with enthusiasm and affection. His subordinate generals often felt little affection. Early was an inveterate fault-finder and offered biting criticism of his subordinates at the least opportunity. He was generally blind to his own mistakes and reacted fiercely to criticism or suggestions from below.
Early was wounded at Williamsburg in 1862, while leading a charge against staggering odds.
Serving under Stonewall Jackson
He convalesced at his home in Rocky Mount, Virginia. In two months, he returned to the war, under the command of Maj. Gen. Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson, in time for the Battle of Malvern Hill. There, Early demonstrated his career-long lack of aptitude for battlefield navigation and his brigade was lost in the woods; it suffered 33 casualties without any significant action. In the Northern Virginia Campaign, Early was noted for his performance at the Battle of Cedar Mountain and arrived in the nick of time to reinforce Maj. Gen. A.P. Hill on Jackson's left on Stony Ridge in the Second Battle of Bull Run.At Antietam, Early ascended to division command when his commander, Alexander Lawton, was wounded. Lee was impressed with his performance and retained him at that level. At Fredericksburg, Early saved the day by counterattacking the division of Maj. Gen. George G. Meade, which penetrated a gap in Jackson's lines. He was promoted to major general on January 17, 1863.
At Chancellorsville, Lee gave him a force of 5,000 men to defend Fredericksburg at Marye's Heights against superior forces (4 divisions) under Maj. Gen. John Sedgwick. Early was able to delay the Union forces and pin down Sedgwick while Lee and Jackson attacked the remainder of the Union troops to the west. Sedgwick's eventual attack on Early up Marye's Heights is sometimes known as the Second Battle of Fredericksburg.
Gettysburg and the Overland Campaign
During the Gettysburg Campaign, Early commanded a division in the corps of Lt. Gen. Richard S. Ewell. His troops were instrumental in defeating Union defenders at Winchester, capturing a number of prisoners, and opening up the Shenandoah Valley for Lee's oncoming forces. Early's division, augmented with cavalry, eventually marched eastward across the South Mountain range in Pennsylvania, seizing vital supplies and horses along the way. He captured Gettysburg on June 26 and demanded a ransom, which was never paid. Two days later, he entered York County and seized York, the largest Northern town to fall to the Confederates during the war. Here, his ransom demands were partially met, including a payment of $28,000 in cash. Elements of Early's command on June 28 reached the Susquehanna River, the farthest east in Pennsylvania that any organized Confederate force would penetrate. On June 30, Early was recalled as Lee concentrated his army to meet the oncoming Federals.Approaching Gettysburg from the northeast on July 1, 1863, Early's division was on the leftmost flank of the Confederate line. He soundly defeated Brig. Gen. Francis Barlow's division (part of the Union XI Corps), inflicting three times the casualties to the defenders as he suffered, and drove the Union troops back through the streets of town, capturing many of them. In the second day at Gettysburg, he assaulted East Cemetery Hill as part of Ewell's efforts on the Union right flank. Despite initial success, Union reinforcements arrived to repulse Early's two brigades. On the third day, Early detached one brigade to assist Maj. Gen. Edward "Allegheny" Johnson's division in an unsuccessful assault on Culp's Hill. Elements of Early's division covered the rear of Lee's army during its retreat from Gettysburg on July 4 and July 5.
Early served in the Shenandoah Valley over the winter of 1863–64. During this period, he occasionally filled in as corps commander during Ewell's absences for illness. On May 31, 1864, Lee expressed his confidence in Early's initiative and abilities at higher command levels, promoting him to the temporary rank of lieutenant general.
Upon his return from the Valley, Early fought in the Battle of the Wilderness and assumed command of the ailing A.P. Hill's Third Corps during the march to intercept Lt. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant at Spotsylvania Court House. At Spotsylvania, Early occupied the relatively quiet right flank of the Mule Shoe. At the Battle of Cold Harbor, Lee replaced the ineffectual Ewell with Early as commander of the Second Corps.
The Valley, 1864
Early's most important service was that summer and fall, in the Valley Campaigns of 1864, when he commanded the Confederacy's last invasion of the North. As Confederate territory was rapidly being captured by the Union armies of Grant and Maj. Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman, Lee sent Early's corps to sweep Union forces from the Shenandoah Valley and to menace Washington, D.C., hoping to compel Grant to dilute his forces against Lee around Richmond and Petersburg, Virginia.Early delayed his march for several days in a futile attempt to capture a small force under Franz Sigel at Maryland Heights near Harpers Ferry. He rested his men from July 4 through July 6. Although elements of his army would eventually reach the outskirts of Washington at a time when it was largely undefended, his delay at Maryland Heights prevented him from being able to attack the capital.
During the time of Early's Maryland Heights campaign, Grant sent two VI Corps divisions from the Army of the Potomac to reinforce Union Maj. Gen. Lew Wallace. With 5,800 men, he delayed Early for an entire day at the Battle of Monocacy, allowing more Union troops to arrive in Washington and strengthen its defenses. Early's invasion caused considerable panic in Washington and Baltimore, and he was able to get to the outskirts of Washington. He sent some cavalry under Brig. Gen. John McCausland to the west side of Washington.
Knowing that he did not have sufficient strength to capture the city, Early led skirmishes at Fort Stevens and Fort DeRussy. The opposing forces also had artillery duels on July 11 and July 12. Abraham Lincoln watched the fighting on both days from the parapet at Fort Stevens, his lanky frame a clear target for hostile military fire. After Early withdrew, he said to one of his officers, "Major, we haven't taken Washington, but we scared Abe Lincoln like hell."
Early crossed the Potomac into Leesburg, Virginia, on July 13 and then withdrew to the Valley. He defeated the Union army under Brig. Gen. George Crook at Kernstown on July 24, 1864. Six days later, he ordered his cavalry to burn the city of Chambersburg, Pennsylvania, in retaliation for Maj. Gen. David Hunter's burning of the homes of several prominent Southern sympathizers in Jefferson County, West Virginia earlier that month. Through early August, Early's cavalry and guerrilla forces attacked the B&O; Railroad in various places.
Realizing Early could easily attack Washington, Grant sent out an army under Maj. Gen. Philip Sheridan to subdue his forces. At times outnumbering the Confederates three to one, Sheridan defeated Early in three battles, starting in early August, and laid waste to much of the agricultural properties in the Valley. He ensured they could not supply Lee's army. In a brilliant surprise attack, Early initially routed two thirds of the Union army at the Battle of Cedar Creek on October 19, 1864. In his post-battle dispatch to Lee, Early claimed that his troops were hungry and exhausted and fell out of their ranks to pillage the Union camp. This allowed Sheridan critical time to rally his demoralized troops and turn their morning defeat into victory over the Confederate Army that afternoon. One of Early's key subordinates, Maj. Gen. John B. Gordon, in his 1904 memoirs, attested that it was Early's decision to halt the attack for six hours in the early afternoon, and not disorganization in the ranks, that led to the rout that took place in the afternoon.
Most of the men of Early's corps rejoined Lee at Petersburg in December, while Early remained in the Valley to command a skeleton force. When his force was nearly destroyed at Waynesboro in March 1865, Early barely escaped capture with a few members of his staff. Lee relieved Early of his command soon after the encounter, because he doubted Early's ability to inspire confidence in the men he would have to recruit to continue operations. He wrote to Early of the difficulty of this decision:
Postbellum career
When the Army of Northern Virginia surrendered on April 9, 1865, Early escaped to Texas by horseback, where he hoped to find a Confederate force still holding out. He proceeded to Mexico, and from there, sailed to Cuba and Canada. Living in Toronto, he wrote his memoir, A Memoir of the Last Year of the War for Independence, in the Confederate States of America, which focused on his Valley Campaign. The book was published in 1867.Early was pardoned in 1868 by President Andrew Johnson, but still remained an unreconstructed rebel. In 1869, he returned to Virginia and resumed the practice of law. He was among the most vocal of those who promoted the Lost Cause movement. He criticized the actions of Lt. Gen. James Longstreet at Gettysburg. Together with former General P.G.T. Beauregard, Early was involved with the Louisiana Lottery.
At the age of 77, after falling down a flight of stairs, Early died in Lynchburg, Virginia. He was buried in the local Spring Hill Cemetery.
Legacy
Early's original inspiration for his views on the Lost Cause may have come from General Robert E. Lee. In Lee's published farewell order to the Army of Northern Virginia, the general spoke of the "overwhelming resources and numbers" that the Confederate army fought against. In a letter to Early, Lee requested information about enemy strengths from May 1864 to April 1865, the period in which his army was engaged against Lt. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant (the Overland Campaign and the Siege of Petersburg). Lee wrote, "My only object is to transmit, if possible, the truth to posterity, and do justice to our brave Soldiers." Lee requested all "statistics as regards numbers, destruction of private property by the Federal troops, &c.;" because he intended to demonstrate the discrepancy in strength between the two armies. He believed it would "be difficult to get the world to understand the odds against which we fought." Referring to newspaper accounts that accused him of culpability in the loss, he wrote, "I have not thought proper to notice, or even to correct misrepresentations of my words & acts. We shall have to be patient, & suffer for awhile at least. ... At present the public mind is not prepared to receive the truth." All of these were themes that Early and the Lost Cause writers would echo for decades.Lost Cause themes were also taken up by memorial associations, such as the United Confederate Veterans and the United Daughters of the Confederacy. To some degree, this concept helped the (white) Southerners to cope with the dramatic social, political, and economic changes in the postbellum era, including Reconstruction.
Early's contributions to the Confederacy's final days were considered very significant. Some historians contend that he extended the war six to nine months because of his efforts at Washington, D.C., and in the Valley. The following quote summarizes an opinion held by his admirers:
Early was an outspoken believer in white supremacy and despised the abolitionists. In the preface to his memoirs, Early wrote about former slaves as "barbarous natives of Africa," whom he believed were "in a civilized and Christianized condition" as a result of their enslavement. He continued:
Legacy and honors
The boat at White's Ferry, the only ferry still operating on the Potomac River, is named General Jubal A. Early.
In popular media
See also
Notes
References
Further reading
Early, Jubal A. The Campaigns of Gen. Robert E. Lee: An Address by Lt. Gen. Jubal A. Early before Washington & Lee University, January 19, 1872. Baltimore: John Murphy & Co., 1872. . Early, Jubal A., and Ruth H. Early. Lieutenant General Jubal Anderson Early, C.S.A.: Autobiographical Sketch and Narrative of the War Between the States. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott Company, 1912. . Freeman, Douglas S. R. E. Lee, A Biography. 4 vols. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1934–35. .
External links
Category:1816 births Category:1894 deaths Category:Confederate States Army generals Category:People from Franklin County, Virginia Category:United States Military Academy alumni Category:American memoirists Category:People of Virginia in the American Civil War Category:Members of the Virginia House of Delegates Category:Virginia lawyers Category:Recipients of American presidential pardons
da:Jubal A. Early de:Jubal Anderson Early el:Τζάμπαλ Άντερσον Ήρλυ es:Jubal Anderson Early fr:Jubal Anderson Early it:Jubal Anderson Early hu:Jubal Anderson Early nl:Jubal Early ja:ジュバル・アーリー no:Jubal Anderson Early pl:Jubal Early pt:Jubal Early ru:Эрли, Джубал Андерсон simple:Jubal Early fi:Jubal Early vi:Jubal Early zh:具伯·爾利This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
