The Tanakh (, or ; also Tenakh, Tenak, Tanach) is a name used in Judaism for the canon of the Hebrew Bible. The Tanakh is also known as the Masoretic Text or the Miqra. The name is an acronym formed from the initial Hebrew letters of the Masoretic Text's three traditional subdivisions: The Torah ("Teaching", also known as the Five Books of Moses), Nevi'im ("Prophets") and Ketuvim ("Writings")—hence TaNaKh. The name "Miqra" (מקרא), meaning "that which is read", is an alternative Hebrew term for the Tanakh. Elements of the Greek translation, the Septuagint, are incorporated in various forms in Christian Bibles, in which, with some variations, it is called the "Old Testament". Significant differences exist between the Masoretic text and the Septuagint text. The Old Testament typically is not printed with the traditional Hebrew subdivisions, though the distinction "Law and the Prophets" is used several times in the New Testament.

According to the Talmud, much of the contents of the Tanakh were compiled by the "Men of the Great Assembly" by 450 BCE, and have since remained unchanged. Modern scholars believe that the process of canonization of the Tanakh became finalized between 200 BCE and 200 CE, see Development of the Jewish canon for details.

The Hebrew text was originally an abjad: consonants written with some applied vowel letters ("matres lectionis"). During the early Middle Ages scholars known as the Masoretes created a single formalized system of vocalization. This was chiefly done by Aaron ben Moses ben Asher, in the Tiberias school, based on the oral tradition for reading the Tanakh, hence the name Tiberian vocalization. It also included some of Ben Naftali and Babylonian innovations. Despite the comparatively late process of codification, some traditional sources and some Orthodox Jews believe the pronunciation and cantillation derive from the revelation at Sinai, since it is impossible to read the original text without pronunciations and cantillation pauses. The combination of a text (מקרא mikra), pronunciation (ניקוד niqqud) and cantillation (טעמים te`amim) enable the reader to understand both the simple meaning, as well as the nuances in sentence flow of the text.

Terminology

The three-part division reflected in the acronym "Tanakh" is well attested to in documents from the Second Temple period and in Rabbinic literature. During that period, however, "Tanakh" was not used. Instead, the proper title was Mikra (מקרא, meaning "reading" or "that which is read") because the biblical texts were read publicly. Mikra continues to be used in Hebrew to this day, alongside Tanakh, to refer to the Jewish scriptures. In modern spoken Hebrew both are used interchangeably.

Codification of the books of Tanakh

According to the Talmud (Bava Basra 14b-15a, Rashi to Megillah 3a, 14a), much of the contents of the Tanakh were compiled by the Men of the Great Assembly (Anshei K'nesset HaGedolah), a task completed in 450 BCE, and have remained unchanged since that date. Evidence suggests that the process of canonization occurred between 200 BCE and 200 CE. A popular position is that the Torah was canonized circa 400 BCE, the Prophets circa 200 BCE, and the Writings circa 100 CE, perhaps at a hypothetical Council of Jamnia. This position, however, is increasingly criticised by modern scholars. Some scholars argue that the Jewish canon was fixed by the Hasmonean dynasty (140-37 BCE). Today, there is no scholarly consensus as to when the Jewish canon was set.

Formal closure of the canon has often been ascribed to Rabbinic Judaism after the destruction of the Second Temple in 70 CE. Heinrich Graetz proposed in 1871 that it was concluded at a Council of Jamnia (or Yavne in Hebrew), some time in the period 70–90 CE. However, Rabbinical writings seem to indicate that certain books were disputed as accepted canon (such as Ecclesiastes, Song of Songs and Esther, see also Antilegomena), but it may not necessarily be the case. The implication of the Talmud indicates that the books themselves were already accepted canon, but may have been misunderstood on philosophical or ecclesiastical grounds. The Talmud eliminates this misunderstanding.

The twenty-four books are also mentioned in the Midrash Koheleth 12:12. A slightly different accounting can be found in the book Against Apion, by the 1st-century Jewish historian Josephus, who describes 22 sacred books. Some scholars have suggested that he considered Ruth part of Judges, and Lamentations part of Jeremiah; as the Christian translator Jerome recorded in the 4th century CE. Other scholars suggest that at the time Josephus wrote, such books as Esther and Ecclesiastes were not yet considered canonical.

Books of the Tanakh

According to Jewish tradition, the Tanakh consists of twenty-four books. The Tanakh counts as one book each Samuel, Kings, Chronicles and Ezra-Nehemiah and counts Trei Asar (תרי עשר, the Twelve Prophets; literally "twelve") as a single book.

Torah

The Torah (תּוֹרָה, literally "teaching") consists of five books, commonly referred to as the "Five Books of Moses". Printed versions of the Torah are often called Chamisha Chumshei Torah (חמישה חומשי תורה, literally the "five five-sections of the Torah"), and informally a Chumash.

In Hebrew, the five books of the Torah are identified by the first prominent word in each book. The English names are derived from the Greek names given to the books in the Septuagint, which are based on the thematic content of each of the books, as follows:

: 1. Bereshith - Genesis : 2. Shemot - Exodus : 3. Vayikra - Leviticus : 4. Bamidbar - Numbers : 5. Devarim - Deuteronomy

Nevi'im

Nevi'im (נְבִיאִים, "Prophets") consists of eight books. This division includes the books which, as a whole, cover the chronological era from the entrance of the Israelites into the Land until the Babylonian captivity of Judah (the "period of prophecy"). However, they exclude Chronicles, which covers the same period. The Nevi'im are often divided into the Earlier Prophets (נביאים ראשונים), which are generally historical in nature, and the Later Prophets (נביאים אחרונים), which contain more exhortational prophecies.

Although most versions of the Old Testament count the number of books as totaling twenty-one, counting the books of Samuel and Kings as two books each, and the "Twelve Prophets" (or the minor prophets) as 12 books, Jewish tradition does not: : 6. (יהושע / Y'hoshua) - Joshua : 7. (שופטים / Shophtim) - Judges : 8. (שמואל / Sh'muel) - Samuel (I & II) : 9. (מלכים / M'lakhim) - Kings (I & II) : 10. (ישעיה / Y'shayahu) - Isaiah : 11. (ירמיה / Yir'mi'yahu) - Jeremiah : 12. (יחזקאל / Y'khezqel) - Ezekiel : 13. The Twelve Prophets (תרי עשר) :: a. (הושע / Hoshea) - Hosea :: b. (יואל / Yo'el) - Joel :: c. (עמוס / Amos) - Amos :: d. (עובדיה / Ovadyah) - Obadiah :: e. (יונה / Yonah) - Jonah :: f. (מיכה / Mikhah) - Micah :: g. (נחום / Nakhum) - Nahum :: h. (חבקוק /Havakuk) - Habakkuk :: i. (צפניה / Ts'phanyah) - Zephaniah :: j. (חגי / Khagai) - Haggai :: k. (זכריה / Z'kharyah) - Zechariah :: l. (מלאכי / Mal'akhi) - Malachi

Ketuvim

Ketuvim (כְּתוּבִים, "Writings") are sometimes also known by the Greek title "Hagiographa" and consists of eleven books. These encompass all the remaining books, and include the Five Megillot (Five Scrolls). They are sometimes also divided into such categories as Sifrei Emet (ספרי אמת, literally "Books of Truth") of Psalms, Proverbs and Job (the Hebrew names of these three books form the Hebrew word for "truth" as an acrostic, and all three books have unique cantillation marks), the "wisdom books" of Job, Ecclesiastes, and Proverbs, the "poetry books" of Psalms, Lamentations and Song of Songs, and the "historical books" of Ezra-Nehemiah and Chronicles.

Although most versions of the Old Testament count the number of books as totaling thirteen, counting Ezra and Nehemiah as two books and I and II Chronicles as two, Jewish Tradition again does not.

The "Sifrei Emet," "Books of Truth": : 14. (תהלים / Tehillim) - Psalms : 15. (משלי / Mishlei) - Proverbs : 16. (איוב / Iyov) - Job The "Five Megilot" or "Five Scrolls": : 17. (שיר השירים / Shir Hashirim) - Song of Songs : 18. (רות / Rut) - Ruth : 19. (איכה / Eikhah) - Lamentations : 20. (קהלת / Kohelet) - Ecclesiastes : 21. (אסתר / Esther) - Esther The rest of the "Writings": : 22. (דניאל / Dani'el) - Daniel : 23. (עזרא ונחמיה / Ezra v'Nechemia) - Ezra-Nehemiah : 24. (דברי הימים / Divrei Hayamim) - Chronicles (I & II)

Chapters and verse numbers, book divisions

The chapter divisions and verse numbers have no significance in the Jewish tradition. Nevertheless, they are noted in all modern editions of the Tanakh so that verses may be located and cited. The division of Samuel, Kings, and Chronicles into parts I and II is also indicated on each page of those books in order to prevent confusion about whether a chapter number is from part I or II, since the chapter numbering for these books follows their partition in the Christian textual tradition.

The adoption of the Christian chapter divisions by Jews began in the late Middle Ages in Spain, partially in the context of forced clerical debates which took place against a background of harsh persecution and of the Spanish Inquisition (the debates required a common system for citing biblical texts). From the standpoint of the Jewish textual tradition, the chapter divisions are not only a foreign feature with no basis in the mesorah, but are also open to severe criticism of three kinds:

The chapter divisions often reflect Christian exegesis of the Bible.

Even when they do not imply Christian exegesis, the chapters often divide the biblical text at numerous points that may be deemed inappropriate for literary or other reasons.

They ignore the accepted closed and open space division which are based on the mesorah

Nevertheless, because they proved useful for citations, they are often included in most Hebrew editions of the biblical books. For more information on the origin of these divisions, see chapters and verses of the Bible. Jews don't necessarily reference the specific verse in a chapter (older editions of the Talmud cite only chapter numbers), and some works cite the sectional divisions in the Torah.

The chapter and verse numbers were often indicated very prominently in older editions, to the extent that they overshadowed the traditional Jewish masoretic divisions. However, in many Jewish editions of the Tanakh published over the past forty years, there has been a major trend towards minimizing the impact and prominence of the chapter and verse numbers on the printed page. Most editions accomplish this by removing them from the text itself and relegating them to the margins of the page. The main text in these editions is unbroken and uninterrupted at the beginning of chapters (which are noted only in the margin). The lack of chapter breaks within the text in these editions also serves to reinforce the visual impact created by the spaces and "paragraph" breaks on the page, which indicate the traditional Jewish parashah divisions. Some versions have even introduced a new chapter system .

These modern Jewish editions present Samuel, Kings, and Chronicles (as well as Ezra) as single books in their title pages, and make no indication inside the main text of their division into two parts (though it is noted in the upper and side margins). In such editions, the second books of Samuel, Kings and Chronicles follow the respective first books on the very same page, with no special break at all in the flow of the text. In the case of Kings, in which no parashah division appears at this point, the text of II Kings continues that of I Kings on the very same line of text.

Jewish (Hebrew) editions have a different pattern regarding Chronicles (I Chronicles) chapters 5 and 6. In I Chronicles (in Christian sources) chapter 5 ends at verse 41. Chronicles (Jewish editions of Chronicles) 5:27-41 is equivalent to First Chronicles 6: 1-15 in most English translations. In Jewish (Hebrew) editions 6:1 is equivalent to 6:16 and therefore the chapter ends at Chronicles 6:66 instead of the First Chronicles 6:81 (English translations) and at 7:1 both Hebrew and English versions set off from the same starting point once more. This difference offsets other more contextual differences. The Jewish Tanakh is based on an accepted traditional understanding of the text. For example, Christians translate the word almah (עלמה)as "virgin," while the translation in the Tanakh is "young maiden". This Christian view is based on a different understanding of the Septuagint translation, which according to New Testament Scholars, can mean "a marriageable maiden" or "virgin."

Editions

The first ever printed Hebrew Chumash simply had Biblical text with Rashi on the page, and since then many editions have appeared.

The first Masoretic Mikraot Gedolot was printed in 1524-1525 in Venice, edited by Daniel Bomberg.

The Soncino edition was printed in 1527 in Venice.

Many editions of Mikraot Gedolot have been made since then.

Rudolf Kittel's Biblia Hebraica appeared in 1906 and was reprinted in 1913.

The Leningrad Codex was edited under Paul E. Kahle as the Biblia Hebraica (BHK), published in Stuttgart, in 1937. The codex was also used for Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia (BHS) in 1977, and will be used for Biblia Hebraica Quinta (BHQ).The Leningrad Codex lists a different order for the books of the Ketuvim.
The Leningrad Codex also served as the basis for two important Jewish editions of the Hebrew Bible (Tanakh):

Aharon Dotan's edition, which was reprinted with a concise commentary and distributed to soldiers in mass quantities as the official Tanakh of the Israel Defense Forces throughout the 1990s. This has recently been updated as the Codex Leningradensis.

The Koren Tanakh (Bible) was the first edition in nearly 500 years to be designed, edited, printed, and bound by Jews. It was published by Koren Publishers Jerusalem, under the direction of renowned typographer Eliyahu Koren, using his specially designed Koren Bible Type, (Jerusalem, 1962).

Mesorah Publications מקראות גדלות, (Jerusalem, 1996)

The JPS Hebrew-English Tanakh (Philadelphia, 1999)

The Aleppo Codex was edited by Mordechai Breuer in 1977-1982, the first edition to include a reconstruction of the letters, vowels, and cantillation marks in the missing parts of the Aleppo Codex, in 1996-8 re-edited with inclusion of new information on the parashah divisions.

Jerusalem Crown: The Bible of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 2000. Edited according to the method of Mordechai Breuer under the supervision of Yosef Ofer, with additional proofreading and refinements since the Horev edition.

Jerusalem Simanim Institute, Feldheim Publishers, 2004 (published in one-volume and three-volume editions).

Hebrew University Bible Project (so far on Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel) includes four apparatuses, as well as the masoretic notes of the Aleppo Codex.

Mikraot Gedolot Haketer, Bar-Ilan University (1992–present). A multi-volume critical edition of the Mikraot Gedolot, ten volumes published to date including Genesis (2 vols.), Exodus (one of a two vols so far), Joshua & Judges (1 vol.), Samuel, Kings, Isaiah, Ezekiel, Psalms (2 vols.). Includes the masoretic notes of the Aleppo Codex and a new commentary on them. Differs from the Breuer reconstruction and presentation for some masoretic details.

Translations

Tanakh, English translation, since known as the NJPS New Jewish Publication Society translation 1985, ISBN 0-8276-0252-9

Tanach: The Stone Edition, Hebrew with English translation, Mesorah Publications, 1996, ISBN 0-89906-269-5

Jewish commentaries on the Bible

There are two major approaches towards study of, and commentary on, the Tanakh. In the Jewish community, the classical approach is religious study of the Bible, where it is assumed that the Bible has a divine origin. Another approach is to study the Bible as a human creation; in this approach, Biblical studies can be considered as a sub-field of religious studies.

Secular practitioners of Biblical Studies do not necessarily have a faith commitment to the texts they study. In fact, Biblical criticism seems to contradict commitment to the idea that the Bible was written by prophets inspired by God. Indeed, this practice, when applied to the Torah, is generally considered heresy by the entire Orthodox Jewish community. As such, much modern day Bible commentary written by non-Orthodox authors is considered treif (forbidden) by rabbis teaching in Orthodox yeshivas.

Some classical rabbinic commentators, such as Abraham Ibn Ezra, Gersonides and Maimonides, used many elements of modern day biblical criticism, including their then-current knowledge of history, science and philology. Their use of historical and scientific analysis of the Bible was considered kosher by historic Judaism due to the author's faith commitment to the idea that God revealed the Torah to Moses on Mount Sinai.

The Modern Orthodox Jewish community allows for a wider array of biblical criticism to be used for biblical books outside of the Torah, and a few Orthodox commentaries now incorporate many of the techniques previously found in the academic world, e.g. the Da'at Miqra series.

Non-Orthodox Jews, including those affiliated with Conservative Judaism and Reform Judaism, accept the validity of both traditional and secular approaches to Bible studies. See the article on Revelation for details of how members of these groups understand this concept.

The article on Jewish commentaries on the Bible discusses Jewish Tanakh commentaries from the Targums to classical rabbinic literature, the midrash literature, the classical medieval commentators, and modern day commentaries.

See also

JPS Tanakh

Jewish English Bible translations

Bible

Biblical canon

Mikraot Gedolot

Rabbinic literature

Rashi

Septuagint

Samaritan Pentateuch

Tanakh at Qumran

Books of the Bible for a side-by-side comparison of Jewish, Catholic, Orthodox and Protestant canons.

613 mitzvot, the formal list of all 613 commandments that Jewish sages traditionally identify in the Torah

Table of books of Judeo-Christian Scripture

Non-canonical books referenced in the Bible

List of burial places of biblical figures

References

External links

iTanakh.org An extensive list of links and resources pertaining to the study of the Tanakh

Online texts

Download the complete Tanakh in Hebrew with translation and transliteration Lev Software

Mikraot Gedolot (Rabbinic Bible) at Wikisource in English (sample) and Hebrew (sample)

TanakhML (Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia and King James Version)

Unicode/XML Westminster Leningrad Codex - A free transcription of the electronic source maintained by the Westminster Hebrew Institute. (Leningrad Codex)

Mechon Mamre - The Hebrew text of the Tanakh based on the Aleppo codex and other Tiberian manuscripts close to it, edited according to the system of Rabbi Mordechai Breuer. Hebrew text comes in four convenient versions (including one with cantillation marks) and may be downloaded. The JPS 1917 English translation is included as well (including a parallel translation).

The link to the parallel Hebrew and English version is http://www.mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0.htm

Tanach on Demand - Custom PDF versions of any section of the Bible in Hebrew.

Reading guides

A Guide to Reading Nevi'im and Ketuvim - Detailed Hebrew outlines of the biblical books based on the natural flow of the text (rather than the chapter divisions). The outlines include a daily study-cycle, and the explanatory material is in English.

A detailed chart of the major figures and events in the Tanakh

Judaica Press Translation (online translation of Tanakh and Rashi's entire commentary)

Category:Hebrew words and phrases Category:Jewish texts Category:Bible

Vitold Rek (* October 18, 1955 in Rzeszów, Poland as Witold E. Szczurek) is a double bassist, composer and educator. He studied classical double bass at the Academy of Music in Kraków when Krzysztof Penderecki was rector there. His playing "unites jazz influences with classical and East European folk elements", with a focus on live performance and composition.

Career

Rek's festival appearances include Montreux Jazz Festival, London Jazz Festival, North Sea Jazz (Den Haag), Willisau Jazz Festival, Berlin Jazz Festival, ISB Double Bass Convention USA, Mexico Jazz Festival, Banlieus Bleues Festival in Paris and the Jazz Jamboree in Warsaw among many others. Concerts have taken him also to Mozambique, Cuba and Mexico. He has performed in the Purcell Room in London and in the Paris Olympia.

Charlie Mariano, John Tchicai, Albert Mangelsdorff, Karl Berger, Tomasz Stanko, Günter Baby Sommer, Dom Um Romao, Peter Giger, Emil Mangelsdorff, Gerd Dudek, Heinz Sauer, Ralf Hübner, Bob Degen, Christof Lauer, Makaya Ntshoko and Shlomo Carlebach have featured among his key musical partners. He collaborates with the Frankfurt Radio HR Jazz Ensemble.

Vitold also enjoys his work with German writers, combining spoken poetry with his own solo performance. He works closely with the poet Johann P. Tammen and other partners have included Volker Braun, Oskar Ansull, Sarah Kirsch and Kito Lorenc.

He teaches jazz double bass and coaches ensembles at both the Hochschule für Musik, Mainz and the Hochschule für Musik, Frankfurt.

In 2008 Vitold Rek was honored twice: with Tomasz Stanko’s 5 CD album "1970-1975-1984-1986-1988" - Platinum Prize in Poland - and with Emil Mangelsdorff’s CD "Blues Forever" - Preis der Deutschen Schallplattenkritik 2008 in Germany.

In November 2008 Vitold Rek performed as soloist the premiere of Jazz Concerto Grosso (composed by Piotr Wrobel) for double bass, flute (soloist Jadwiga Kotnowska) and symphony orchestra during the Polish Chamber Music Festival in Warsaw.

Discography

Flyin’ Lady - Jan Pt.Wroblewski Quartet (Muza Pl.); 1978

Live at Aquarium - Sunship (Poljazz Pl.); 1979

Follow us - Sunship (Muza Pl.); 1979

Tomasz Stanko - Tomasz Stanko (Poljazz Pl.); 1982

Musik '81 - Tomasz Stanko (Musza Pl.); 1982

C.O.C.X. - Tomasz Stanko (Pronit Pl.); 1983

Lady Go - Tomasz Stanko (Muza Pl.); 1984

Freelectronic - Tomasz Stanko (Poljazz Pl.); 1986

Peyotl - Tomasz Stanko (Poljazz Pl.); recorded 1986

Freelectronic: The Montreux Performance - Tomasz Stanko (ITM 0023); 1987

Basspace - Vitold Rek Basspace (Poljazz Pl.); 1984

Basspace 555555 - Vitold Rek Basspace (Muza Pl.); 1985

The Spark - Solo (Poljazz Pl.); 1986

Condemned To Life - V.R. mit Olga Szwajgier (Muza Pl.); 1987

Family Jewels - Family of Percussion & Friends (Jazz Network 66.667); 1988

Acoustic - Stan Soyka (Zic-Zac PL.); 1991

Satisfaction - John Tchicai, Vitold Rek (Enja CD 7033-2); 1991

POPendingEYE - Alfred 23 Harth's Quasar Quartet (Free Flow Music 0493); 1993

Art Of The Duo Vol.1 John Tchicai, Vitold Rek (Enja 8008-2); 1993

Jazz - with Peter Giger and Gerd Dudek B+W 029 GB); 1993

Mozambique Meets Europe - Family of Percussion & Friends (B+W031 GB); 1993

Elvira Plenar-Vitold Rek - with Elvira Plenar (Bellaphon CDLR 45089); 1994

Mondspinner - with Christof Lauer & Ralf Hübner (Free Flow Music 0796); 1996

On Remote Patrol - with Michael Baird (SWP 004); 1996

Das Erik Satie Projekt - Fritz Hartschuh Quartet (Konnex KCD 5086); 1998

East West Wind - Live at the St. Ingbert Jazz Festival 1997, Germany (TMP 501)

Bassifiddle alla polacca - Vitold Rek Solo - double bass, vocals (TMP 503); 1997 & 1998

John Tchicai, Vitold Rek, Karl Berger - 2 x 2 (TMP 505; 1991, 1992 & 2000;

The Polish Folk Explosion - Kapela Resoviana feat. Albert Mangelsdorff, Charlie Mariano, John Tchicai, Vitold Rek, Gilbert Matthews (TMP 507; 2001

Johann P. Tammen & Vitold Rek - Die Erde, das singende Brot (TMP CD 401); 2002

Charlie Mariano & Vitold Rek - opus absolutum (TMP CD 509; 2003

Charlie Mariano & Vitold Rek feat. Peter Reiter - Cathedral vol. 1 (TMP CD 611); 2005

East West Wind - Home featuring Jaroslaw Bester & Ramesh Shotham (TMP CD 515); 2007

Emil Mangelsdorff Quartet "Blues Forever" (Bellaphon CDLR 714427)

Hessischer Rundfunk Jazzensemble "Unauffällige Festansage" with Albert Mangelsdorff, Christof Lauer, Ralf Hübner,Heinz Sauer, Emil Mangelsdorff, Joki Freund (Jazzwerkstatt 2008)

Tomasz Stanko "1970-1975-1984-1986-1988" (Metal Mind Productions); 2008

Sources

"Das Jazz Buch" Joachim Ernst Berendt/Günter Heusmann (Fischer Verlag 1953-2005, Germany)

"Jazz Lexikon" Martin Kunzler (Rowohlt Verlag 2002, Germany)

"New Grove Dictionary of Jazz" Barry Kernfeld/Wolfram Knauer (Grove, England 2001)

"Der Frankfurt Sound" Jürgen Schwab (SocietätsVerlag 2004, Germany)

"Encyklopedia Muzyki Popularnej, Jazz" D.Piatkowski (Atena 2000, Poland)

"Leksykon Polskiej Muzyki Rozrywkowej" R.Wolanski (Morex 1995, Poland)

"Encyklopedia Rzeszowa" (RS Druk, 2004, Poland)

References

External links

Vitold Reks Taso Music Production

Polish Jazz for Dummies: 60 Years of Jazz from Poland by Cezary Lerski

PolishJazz.Com über Vitold Rek

JazzPages.Com über Vitold Rek

Category:1955 births Category:Living people Category:Jazz double-bassists Category:Polish composers Category:Polish jazz musicians

Shmuley Boteach (born November 19, 1966) is an American Orthodox non-pulpit rabbi, radio and television host, and author.

Early years

Born in Los Angeles, California, Boteach grew up there and in Miami Beach, Florida. Boteach was ordained by Chabad after studying at a Chabad yeshiva in Los Angeles and for three years at the Torat Emet Yeshiva in Jerusalem.

In the 1990s, Boteach became a fixture of celebrity culture when he became a close friend, confidant and spititual advisor to Michael Jackson after the pop star used his music to lash out at the Jewish community, and in particular lawyer Larry Feldman, who had settled a child sexual abuse lawsuit against Jackson for $22 million. Jackson's song "They Don't Care About Us" from the 1995 album contained lyrics which were seen by some as anti-semitic; Boteach was instrumental in helping Jackson rehabilitate his image.

Views on Israel and settlements

Boteach is strongly supportive of Israel, and critical of American policy towards the country. Boteach has argued that the Obama administration is "bullying" Israel, arguing that US Middle Eastern policy is "scandalous" and "disgusting".

He is also supportive of Israeli settlements, including the controversial Hebron settlement, the residents of which he characterizes as marked by a particular "warmth, friendliness and hospitality" and views as being "liberated from hatred". The settlements are viewed as illegal by the UN, and most of the world barring Israel. His support for the Hebron settlement caused Israeli journalist Bradley Burston, writing in Ha'aretz, to characterize Boteach as a "pro-occupation flack".

Awards and recognition

Boteach was one of several individuals who received the 2007 Fatherhood award from The National Fatherhood Initiative. In 2007 Boteach placed ninth on Newsweek's list of the "Top 50 Rabbis in America" In 2008 Boteach was again listed on the Newsweek list at number 9, and in 2009 was listed at number 7. In late 1999, Boteach won the "Preacher of the Year" Award from The Times.

Personal Life and family

Boteach has four siblings, Sara, Bar Kochva, Chaim and Ateret. He lives in Englewood, New Jersey with his Australian-born wife Debbie. They have nine children.

He is the uncle of convicted arms dealer Efraim Diveroli.

Works

DVD's

"Kosher Sex," 2010

Books

"The Blessings of Enough:Rejecting Material Greed, Embracing Spiritual Hunger," 2010

"The Michael Jackson Tapes," 2009

The Broken American Male: And How to Fix Him, 2008

The Kosher Sutra, 2009

Parenting with Fire: Lighting up the Family With Passion and Inspiration, 2006

10 Conversations You Need to Have With Your Children, 2006

Hating Women: America’s Hostile Campaign Against the Fairer Sex, 2005

Face Your Fear: Living with Courage in an Age of Caution, 2004

The Private Adam: Becoming a Hero in a Selfish Age, 2003

Judaism For Everyone: Renewing Your Life Through the Vibrant Lessons of the Jewish Faith, 2002

Kosher Adultery: Seduce and Sin with your Spouse, 2002

Why Can’t I Fall in Love: A 12-Step Program, 2001

The Psychic and the Rabbi: A Remarkable Correspondence., 2001

Confessions of a Psychic and a Rabbi, 2000

Dating Secrets of the Ten Commandments, 2000

Kosher Sex: A Recipe for Passion and Intimacy, 1999

Moses of Oxford: A Jewish Vision of a University and Its Life, Volume One and Two, 1994

Dreams, 1991

Television and radio

'The Rabbi Shmuley Show,' aired on XM channel 156.

Shalom in the Home

References

External links

Official website

YouTube channel

Category:20th-century rabbis Category:21st-century rabbis Category:Modern Orthodox rabbis Category:Chabad-Lubavitch rabbis Category:American Orthodox rabbis Category:Jewish American writers Category:American people of Persian-Jewish descent Category:American Jews Category:Mizrahi Jews Category:Michael Jackson Category:People from Englewood, New Jersey Category:People from Los Angeles, California Category:1966 births Category:Living people