Sarah or Sara (; ISO 259-3 ''Śarra''; ; Arabic: ) was the wife of Abraham and the mother of Isaac as described in the Hebrew Bible and the Quran. Her name was originally Sarai. According to ''Genesis'' 17:15 God changed her name to Sarah as part of a covenant after Hagar bore Abraham his first son, Ishmael.

The Hebrew name ''Sarah'' indicates a woman of high rank and is sometimes translated as "princess". It also means "lady."

Sarah in the Bible

Sarah was the wife of Abraham, as well as being his half-sister, the daughter of his father Terah (Genesis 20:12). The Talmud identifies Sarai with Iscah, daughter of Abraham's deceased brother Haran (Genesis 11:29), so that Sarah turns out to be the niece of Abraham and the sister of Lot and Milcah. She was considered beautiful to the point that Abraham feared that when they were near more powerful rulers she would be taken away and given to another man. Twice he purposefully identified her as being only his sister so that he would be "treated well" for her sake. It is apparent that she remained attractive into her later years. Despite her great beauty, she was barren for an unknown reason. She was originally called "Sarai" which is translated "my princess." Later she was called "Sarah" i.e., princess." In Biblical times, the changing of one's name was significant and used to symbolize the binding of a covenant. In this case, God promised to put an end to her barrenness and give her a child (Isaac).

In Pharaoh's harem

On the journey to Egypt, Abraham hid Sarai in a chest in order that no one might see her. At the frontier the chest had to pass through the hands of certain officials, who insisted on examining its contents in order to determine the amount of duty payable. When it was opened a bright light proceeded from Sarai's beauty. Every one of the officials wished to secure possession of her, each offering a higher sum than his rival. When brought before Pharaoh, Sarai said that Abraham was her brother, and the king thereupon bestowed upon the latter many presents and marks of distinction ("Sefer ha-Yashar," l.c.). As a token of his love for Sarai the king deeded his entire property to her, and gave her the land of Goshen as her hereditary possession: for this reason the Israelites subsequently lived in that land (Pirḳe R. El. xxxvi.). It is likely that she acquired her Egyptian maidservant Hagar during this stay. Sarai prayed to God to deliver her from the king, and He thereupon sent an angel, who struck Pharaoh whenever he attempted to touch her. Pharaoh was so astonished at these blows that he spoke kindly to Sarai, who confessed that she was Abraham's wife. The king then ceased to annoy her ("Sefer ha-Yashar," l.c.). According to another version, Pharaoh persisted in annoying her after she had told him that she was a married woman; thereupon the angel struck him so violently that he became ill, and was thereby prevented from continuing to trouble her (Genesis Rabbah xli. 2). According to one tradition it was when Pharaoh saw these miracles wrought in Sarai's behalf that he gave her his daughter Hagar as slave, saying: "It is better that my daughter should be a slave in the house of such a woman than mistress in another house"; Abimelech acted likewise (Genesis Rabbah xlv. 2). Sarai treated Hagar well, and induced women who came to visit her to visit Hagar also. Hagar, when pregnant by Abraham, began to act superciliously toward Sarai, provoking the latter to treat her harshly, to impose heavy work upon her, and even to strike her (ib. xlv. 9).

Relations with Hagar

thumb|215px|right|''Banishment of Hagar'', Etching. À Paris chez Fr. Fanet, Éditeur, Rue des Saints Pères n° 10. XVIIIth century. Sarah is seen on the left side, looking Some believe Sarai was originally destined to reach the age of 175 years, but forty-eight years of this span of life were taken away from her because she complained of Abraham, blaming him as though the cause that Hagar no longer respected her (R. H. 16b; Genesis Rabbah xlv. 7). Sarah was sterile; but a miracle was vouchsafed to her (Genesis Rabbah xlvii. 3) after her name was changed from "Sarai" to "Sarah" (R. H. 16b). According to one myth, when her fertility had been restored and she had given birth to Isaac, the people would not believe in the miracle, saying that the patriarch and his wife had adopted a foundling and pretended that it was their own son. Abraham thereupon invited all the notabilities to a banquet on the day when Isaac was to be weaned. Sarah invited the women, also, who brought their infants with them; and on this occasion she gave milk from her breasts to all the strange children, thus convincing the guests of the miracle (B. M. 87a; comp. Gen. R. liii. 13). None of this is Biblical, however, except for the fact that Abraham organized a celebration when Isaac was weaned. It was during this banquet that Sarah happened upon the then teenaged Ishmael "mocking" her son and was so disturbed that she requested that both he and Hagar be removed from their company.

Death

Legends connect Sarah's death with the attempted sacrifice of Isaac, there being two versions of the story. According to one, Samael came to her and said: "Your old husband seized the boy and sacrificed him. The boy wailed and wept; but he could not escape from his father." Sarah began to cry bitterly, and ultimately died of her grief. According to the other legend, Satan, disguised as an old man, came to Sarah and told her that Isaac had been sacrificed. She, believing it to be true, cried bitterly, but soon comforted herself with the thought that the sacrifice had been offered at the command of God. She started from Beer-sheba to Hebron, asking everyone she met if he knew in which direction Abraham had gone. Then Satan came again in human shape and told her that it was not true that Isaac had been sacrificed, but that he was living and would soon return with his father. Sarah, on hearing this, died of joy at Hebron. Abraham and Isaac returned to their home at Beer-sheba, and, not finding Sarah there, went to Hebron, where they discovered her dead. According to the Genesis Rabba, during Sarah's lifetime her house was always hospitably open, the dough was miraculously increased, a light burned from Saturday evening to Saturday evening, and a pillar of cloud rested upon the entrance to her tent.

New Testament references

The First Epistle of Peter praises Sarah for obeying her husband. Other New Testament references to Sarah are in Romans, Galatians and Hebrews. In Galatians 4, she and Hagar are used as an alegory of the old and new covenants:

''"For it is written that Abraham had two sons, one by the slave woman and the other by the free woman. His son by the slave woman was born in the ordinary way; but his son by the free woman was born as the result of a promise. These things may be taken figuratively, for the women represent two covenants. One covenant is from Mount Sinai and bears children who are to be slaves: This is Hagar. Now Hagar stands for Mount Sinai and corresponds to the present city of Jerusalem, because she is in slavery with her children. But the Jerusalem that is above is free, and she is our mother...Now you, brothers, like Isaac, are children of promise...Therefore, brothers, we are not children of the slave woman, but of the free woman."''

Sarah in Islam

Sarah (Arabic: سارة, ''Sara''), the wife of the patriarch and Islamic prophet Abraham and the mother of the prophet Isaac is an honoured woman in the Islamic faith. According to Muslim belief, she was Abraham's first wife. Although not mentioned by name in the Qur'an, she is referenced and alluded to via the story of her husband. She lived with Abraham throughout her life and, although she was barren, God promised her the birth of a prophetic son, Isaac.

Muslim tradition holds that Sarah and Abraham had no children. Abraham, however, prayed constantly to God for a son. Sarah, being barren, subsequently gave him her Egyptian handmaiden, Hājar (Hagar), to wed as his second wife. Hagar bore Ismā'īl (Ishmael), when Abraham was 86, who too would become a prophet of God like his father. Thirteen years later, God announced to Abraham, now a hundred, that barren Sarah would give birth to a second son, Isaac, who would also be a prophet of the Lord. Although the Qur'an does not mention Sarah by name, it mentions the annunciation of the birth of Isaac. The Qur'an mentions that Sarah laughed when the angels gave her the glad tidings of Isaac, which is perhaps why the name Isaac has the root meaning of 'laughter'.

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Tomb of Sarah

Sarah is believed to be buried in the Cave of the Patriarchs (known by Muslims as the ''Sanctuary of Abraham''). The compound, located in the ancient city of Hebron, is the second holiest site for Jews (after the Temple Mount in Jerusalem), and is also venerated by Christians and Muslims, both of whom have traditions which maintain that the site is the burial place of three Biblical couples: Abraham and Sarah, Isaac and Rebecca, and Jacob and Leah. According to the book of Genesis, Abraham purchased the plot of land for her tomb from a man named Ephron the Hittite. Although some Jews alternatively also believe this to be the burial place for Adam and Eve, this is a view not usually adopted by Christians or Muslims.

Notes

Category:Biblical characters in rabbinic literature Category:Biblical matriarchs Category:Burials in Hebron Category:Fertile Crescent Category:Old Testament female saints Category:People celebrated in the Lutheran liturgical calendar Category:Abraham Category:Book of Genesis

ar:سارة bo:ས་རཱ། ca:Sara cs:Sára (biblická postava) cy:Sarah de:Sarah (Erzmutter) el:Σάρα es:Sara fa:سارا fr:Sarah (Bible) id:Sara it:Sara (Bibbia) he:שרה lt:Sara hu:Sára (Biblia) nl:Sara (aartsmoeder) ja:サラ no:Sara pl:Sara pt:Sara (Bíblia) ru:Сарра simple:Sarah sl:Sara sh:Sara fi:Saara (Raamattu) sv:Sara (Bibeln) tl:Sarai te:హాజరా tg:Соро tr:Sare ur:سارہ vi:Sarah yi:שרה

name	Robbie Rivera
background	non_performing_personnel
birth name	Roberto Rivera
born	August 07, 1973San Juan, Puerto Rico
origin	Puerto Rico
genre	ElectroHouseDanceFunkTribalProgressive House
years active	1996–present
label	Juicy MusicVirgin/EMI Records
website	www.robbierivera.com }}

Roberto "Robbie" Rivera (born 1973) is a prolific house music producer and DJ born in Puerto Rico. He has an extensive catalog of original productions and remixes to his credit, ranging from Tribal to Progressive House, as well as incorporating Garage and Latin elements. He and his wife Monica Olabarrieta have homes in Miami and Ibiza. On October 28, 2009, DJ Magazine announced the results of their annual Top 100 DJ Poll, with Rivera placing #95.

Biography

Early years (1986 - 1999)

Rivera grew up in Puerto Rico, he was a fan of Freestyle and Eurobeat when he bought two turntables to teach himself Djing techniques. Rivera performed at weddings and school party gigs, eventually leading to nightclubs at age of 16. After high school graduation Rivera attended The Art Institute of Fort Lauderdale to study music production and was introduced to many different digital audio tools including the popular Protools program. While in college he released his first record, "El Sorullo", a track influenced by Latin house music. The track became popular in New York and Miami and his career was underway.

Rise to fame (2000 - present)

In 2000, Rivera's track "Bang" became a huge hit, making it to number one of the United Kingdom dance chart. The track also made it on to several dance compilation albums and was used frequently during the 2000 Sydney Olympics. The song became popular enough that it gave Rivera some face time on ''Top of the Pops'' and MTV. Rivera started his own label, Juicy Records, and recorded mix CDs for Max Music, Filtered, and others. Rivera produced his first album ''Do You Want More?'' for Ultra Records and Independence in France. The first single "Which Way You're Going" reached the number one position on the U.S. Hot Dance Club Songs chart and was released on the UK label Toolroom, the track was created in early 2003 when Rivera contacted lyricist Ned Bigham, Jean-Jacques Smoothie and Timo Maas; It was the first completed song and lead track which was inspired by Coldplay's hit "Clocks". In 2003 he also released his track "Girlfriend" which featured vocals by Justine Suissa. During 2007, Rivera's Juicy Show began weekly airplay on XM Satellite Radio (now SIRIUS XM RADIO) in the United States and Canada. Today, Rivera's Juicy radio show can be heard on radio stations around the world, including (but not limited to): Radio FG,Contact FM and Fun Radio (France); Dero FM (Argentina); Vibe FM (Romania); Novoe Radio FM (Belarus); 105FM and various FM frequencies(Italy); Loca FM (Spain); Turkish Side FM (Cyprus); Risfe FM (Hungary); Radiovolum Digital (Norway); various FM frequencies (Brazil); Dance FM (Morocco).

In 2008 he made a collaboration with Armani Exchange by mixing an album called ''Twilight'' for the store.

Rivera's branded Juicy-themed DJ shows have a devoted following of club goers that number in the thousands at each show; the most well known of these parties is Juicy Beach, occurring at the oceanfront Nikki Beach Club venue in South Beach, Miami, every year during WMC (Winter Music Conference).

Rivera appears as the featured producer on the track "In The Morning" on Wynter Gordon's debut album ''With The Music I Die.''

Discography

Albums

The following list contains studio albums produced by Robbie Rivera.

2005 ''Do You Want More?''

2008 ''Star Quality''

2009 ''Closer To the Sun''

EPs

''This list contains extended plays by Robbie Rivera, his aliases and co-productions.

1996 Another State of Mind EP Volume 1

1997 Mad Music EP Vol. 1

1997 The Prime Time EP

1998 Step into My Grooves Vol. 1

1999 Crazy Mother EP Vol. 1

1999 Robbie Rivera Tools Vol. 1

1999 The Beat Bandit EP

1999 Crazy Mother EP Vol. 2

1999 Crazy Mother EP Vol. 3

1999 Essential Grooves Part 1

2000 The Secret Agent Adventures Part One

2000 The Secret Agent Adventures Part Two

2001 Heavy Soul Part 1

2001 Robbie Rivera EP Part One

2001 Rough Ride EP

2004 Funktown EP

2005 Miami EP

2005 Miami EP Vol. 2

2005 Robbie Rivera Tools Vol. 2

Singles

''This list contains singles by Robbie Rivera, his aliases and co-productions, it does not contain singles which were remixed; For remixed singles look at Remixes section.''

1996 These Are the Sounds in the House!

1997 I Wanna Feel It Deeper

1998 Getting Down with the Sax

1998 I Wanna See You Groovin'

1998 Funking & Grooving

1998 Attention

1998 Enough Is Enough

1998 Intense / Feel This

1998 The Kings of Tribal

1998 Key of life

1998 Not Just a Dub

1998 Nothing to Offer

1998 The Ultimate Disco Groove

1998 There's Some Disco Fans in Here Tonight

1999 Bringing It Down

1999 Clap Your Hands

1999 Club Wash

1999 D-Monsta

1999 Listen Up

1999 First the Groove

1999 French Fries from Miami Beach

1999 High Energy

1999 It's a Feeling Now

1999 It's Midnight

1999 Relax

1999 Saxmania

1999 Sunny South

1999 The Frenzy

1999 The Music Makers

1999 The Soul Bandit

1999 Rainforest 1999

1999 The Real Sound

1999 Tough Enough

2000 Bang

2000 Do You Believe / I'm the Music Tonite

2000 Fallin'

2000 I Can't Take It

2000 I'm the Music Tonite

2000 The One

2001 Feel This

2001 Funk-a-Tron

2001 In the Distance

2002 Burning

2002 Hypnotize

2002 Let's Get Together

2002 Sex

2002 Sound Xpress / Congos

2002 Super Drum

2002 The Hum Melody

2002 Trippin

2003 All That I Like

2003 Bringing It Down

2003 Girlfriend

2003 Gonna Let the Music Move You Around

2003 Got to Let You Know

2003 I Want More

2003 Insanity

2003 The Bang

2003 Vertigo

2003 Sound the Horn

2004 Blah Blah Blah

2004 Funk-a-Faction

2004 Liar

2004 Which Way You're Going

2004 Uptown Girls / Do You Want More?

2005 One Eye Shut

2005 Right Here

2006 Bizarre Love Triangle

2006 Escape

2006 Float Away

2006 Superstar

2006 The Dubai Track

2006 Your Mistake

2007 Aye Aye Aye

2007 Bring Back the Underground

2007 Rock It

2007 Move Move

2007 No Nobody

2008 Back to Zero

2008 In Too Deep

2008 Girlfriend 2008

2009 Closer To The Sun

2010 Let Me Sip My Drink feat. Fast Eddie

2010 Rock The Disco

2010 We Live For The Music

2010 Oh Baby feat. Dero & Juan Magan

2010 Keep On Going

Chart positions

!Year	!Title	!width="40"	!width="40"	!width="40"
2000	"Bang"
2001	"Feel This 2001"
2002	"Sex"
2003	"The Hum Melody"
	"Burning"
"Which Way You're Going"
2007	"Float Away"

Aliases

''This list contains the names of the aliases used by Robbie Rivera.''

"''68 Beats''"

"''Anima''"

"''D-Monsta''"

"''Eighties Phunk Masters''"

"''The Freak''"

"''Funk Bandit''"

"''The Funksters''"

"''Invasion''"

"''Juice Man''"

"''Juicy Tools''"

"''Keylime''"

"''The Kings of Tribal''"

"''Loopman''"

"''The Masters of The Drums''"

"''Metalhead''"

"''Rhythm Bangers''"

"''The Rivera Project''"

"''Tribal Crew''"

"''Westwood Project''"

"''Wicked Phunker''"

"''DJ Spacecake''"

"''Electro Hippy''"

Co-productions

''This list contains the names of the co-productions with Robbie Rivera and other artists.''

"''CRRS''" (with Chicco Secci)

"''The Italian Connection''" (with Maurizio Ruggiero)

"''Kolaborators''" (with Billy Paul Williams)

"''The Music Makers''" (with Chicco Secci)

"''Robbie Rivera And AJ Mora Project''" (with AJ Mora)

"''Rockik''" (with Chicco Secci)

"''Soul Logic''" (with Chicco Secci)

References

External links

Official Site

DJ Times Magazine cover story, March 2010

Official Site

See also

List of number-one dance hits (United States)

List of artists who reached number one on the US Dance chart

Category:1973 births Category:Club DJs Category:Virgin Records artists Category:Remixers Category:Living people

de:Robbie Rivera fr:Robbie Rivera it:Robbie Rivera pl:Robbie Rivera ru:Ривера, Робби

name	Peter Griffin
series	Family Guy
first	"Death Has a Shadow"
voice	Seth MacFarlane
fullname	Peter Löwenbräu Griffin, Sr.
occupation	{{unbulleted list |Safety Inspector at the Happy-Go-Lucky Toy Factory, |Brewery Shipping Clerk, |Fisherman }}

| spouse = Lois Griffin | children = Meg, Chris, and Stewie | relatives = Parents: Thelma and MickeyAdoptive Father: FrancisPet: Brian }} Peter Griffin is a fictional character and the protagonist of the animated comedy series ''Family Guy'' and the patriarch of the Griffin family. He is voiced by cartoonist Seth MacFarlane and first appeared on television, along with the rest of the family in the 15-minute short on December 20, 1998. Peter was created and designed by MacFarlane himself. MacFarlane was asked to pitch a pilot to the Fox Broadcasting Company based on ''Larry and Steve'', a short made by MacFarlane which featured a middle-aged character named Larry and an intellectual dog, Steve. After the pilot was given the green light, The Griffin family appeared on the episode "Death Has a Shadow".

Peter is married to Lois Pewterschmidt and is the father of Meg, Chris and Stewie; he also has a dog named Brian. He has worked at a toy factory and at Quahog's Brewery. Despite the suburban blue-collar routine of his life, he has had a number of remarkable experiences.

Peter's voice was inspired by a janitor that MacFarlane heard at his school. His appearance was a redesign of the protagonist Larry from MacFarlane's previous animated short films, ''The Life of Larry'' and ''Larry & Steve''. The Peter Griffin character has received generally mixed reviews from critics. He has appeared in several pieces of ''Family Guy'' merchandise, including toys, t-shirts and a video game, and has made crossover appearances in other shows, including ''The Simpsons'', ''South Park'' and the ''Family Guy'' spin-off ''The Cleveland Show''.

Role in ''Family Guy''

Peter Griffin is an overweight Irish Catholic, blue collar worker with a prominent Rhode Island and Eastern Massachusetts accent. He's the husband of Lois and the father of Meg, Chris and Stewie. He is the son of Thelma Griffin and Mickey McFinnigan, and is the step-son of Francis Griffin. Peter and the rest of the Griffins live in the fictional town of Quahog, Rhode Island which is modeled after Cranston, Rhode Island. Peter primarily worked as a safety inspector at the Happy-Go-Lucky Toy Factory, until his boss Jonathan Weed choked to death on a dinner roll; he then became a fisherman on his own boat, known as the "S.S. More Powerful than Superman, Batman, Spider-Man, and The Incredible Hulk Put Together", with the help of two Portuguese immigrants, Santos and Pasqual, until his boat was destroyed. He now works in the shipping department of the Pawtucket Patriot brewery. Peter is also shown in various jobs for single episodes and cutaway gags. ''Family Guy'' uses a floating timeline in which the characters do not age much, so the show is always assumed to be set in the current year. However, several of the characters, such as Meg Griffin, have aged two to three years since the show's pilot episode, while others, such as Stewie and Brian, have remained the same age. In several episodes, events have been linked to specific times, although this timeline has been contradicted in subsequent episodes. In a running gag, storylines are randomly interrupted by extremely long, unexpected fights between Peter and Ernie the Giant Chicken, an anthropomorphic chicken who serves as a rival to Peter. These battles parody the action film genre, with explosions, high-speed chases and immense devastation to the town of Quahog.

Character

Creation

When he was still in college, ''Family Guy'' creator Seth MacFarlane created a cartoon short called ''The Life of Larry''. The short centered around a middle-aged man named Larry and his anthropomorphic dog Steve. He made a sequel called ''Larry & Steve'', which Cartoon Network broadcast in 1997. In 1999, MacFarlane was working for Hanna-Barbara Studios, writing for shows such as ''Johnny Bravo'', ''Dexter's Laboratory'', and ''Cow and Chicken''. The short caught the eye of 20th Century Fox representatives, who asked him to create a TV series revolving around the characters. MacFarlane received a US$50,000 budget to develop a pilot for the show, which was about one twentieth of what most pilots cost. MacFarlane claims to have drawn inspiration from several sitcoms, namely ''The Simpsons'' and ''All in the Family''. Several premises were also carried over from several 1980s Saturday morning cartoons he watched as a child, namely ''The Fonz and the Happy Days Gang'', and ''Rubik, the Amazing Cube''.

In three months, MacFarlane created the Griffin family and developed a pilot for the show he called ''Family Guy''. Brian's character was largely based on Steve from the ''Larry and Steve'' cartoon, with Larry serving as the primary basis of the Peter character. The character's personality was also partially inspired by a friend of his father who rudely fell asleep while watching the 1993 film ''Philadelphia''. The network executives were impressed with the pilot and ordered thirteen episodes, giving MacFarlane a 2 million dollar per-season contract.

In "Peter's Two Dads", it is revealed that Peter's biological father is an Irishman named Mickey, which is based on the heritage of MacFarlane's biological father. MacFarlane said, "When I was growing up, my father had lots of friends: big, vocal, opinionated New England, Irish Catholics. They were all bursting at the seams with personality, and Family Guy came out of a lot of those archetypes that I spent years observing."

Voice

The voice of Peter is provided by the shows creator MacFarlane who provides the voice for Brian, Stewie and Quagmire, MacFarlane also provides the voices for various other recurring and one-time only characters, most prominently those of news anchor Tom Tucker, Lois' father Carter Pewterschmidt, Dr. Hartman. MacFarlane has been part of the main voice cast from the beginning of the series including the pilot, as well he has been voicing Peter from the start. MacFarlane chose to voice Peter and the rest of characters voices himself, believing it would be easier to portray the voices he already envisioned than for someone else to attempt it. MacFarlane´s speaking voice is not very close to Peter´s as his normal voice is used to voice Brian. MacFarlane drew inspiration for the voice of Peter from a security guard he overheard talking while he was attending the Rhode Island School of Design. Macfarlane who voices many of Peter´s ancestors which share the same type of voice. MacFarlane noted in an interview that a reason that he voices Peter and the rest of the characters he voices is because they had a small budget. But that he prefers to have the freedom of to do it himself. In another interview he mentioned that Peter's voice is one of the most difficult to do.

There have been several occasions were MacFarlane does not voice Peter. In the episode "No Meals on Wheels", (season 5, 2007) actor Patrick Stewart voiced Peter. In the episode "Family Gay", (season 7, 2009) in this episode Seth Rogen provided a guest-voice as Peter under the effects of the "Seth Rogen gene". In "Road to the Multiverse", (season 8, 2009) he was voiced by Japanese actor Jameson Yang, who was required for a scene where everything in the world was Japanese.

Personality

Peter, a stereotypical blue-collar worker, frequently gets drunk with his neighbors Cleveland, Joe and Quagmire at "The Drunken Clam," Quahog's local tavern.. After taking an I.Q. test, Peter discovered his low intellect falls slightly below the level for mental retardation. Peter is known for his brash impulsiveness, which has led to several awkward situations, such as attempting to molest Meg in order to adopt a redneck lifestyle. He is incredibly jealous of other attractions Lois has in her life, an attitude which has led to extreme situations, such as when he assaulted a whale that kissed Lois at SeaWorld. In the third season episode "Stuck Together, Torn Apart", Peter and Lois split up because of Peter's jealousy, only to discover that Lois has the same character flaw and the two decide to live with their mutually jealous nature. Peter has a very short attention span which frequently leads him to bizarre situations, as Chris points out in "Long John Peter", after Peter's parrot dies "He will get over it pretty quickly and then move on to another wacky thing", to which Peter finds a pipe organ and forgets about his parrot (Peter then destroys the pipe organ within seconds and then finds the deed to a cattle ranch)..

Peter has a complex relationships with all three of his children. He normally makes fun of Meg and treats her badly. In "FOX-y Lady", (season 7, 2009) were Peter, Meg and Chris try to create a cartoon and they exclude Meg and her ideas. Though in some episodes Peter has had a good relationship with Meg, in Hell Comes to Quahog, (season 5, 2006) Peter almost tell Meg he loves her and in Road to Rupert, (season 5, 2007) he told Meg that he would treat her badly in front of the family, but that he would be her friend in secret. With Stewie Peter communicates and has a much better relationship with. Peter and Stewie had there adventures when he took him to Walt Disney World Resort in the episode "The Courtship of Stewie's Father", (season 4, 2006). With Chris, Peter communicates well, but at times when in need of advice or in an adventure Peter tells Chris to do the opposite of what he should do, like in "Long John Peter", (season 7, 2008) were Chris is asking for advice on dating and Peter tells him to treat women horribly.

Ancestry

Before Peter was born, his mother Thelma went to Mexico to have an abortion. However, she gave birth during the procedure, and smuggled him home to Providence, Rhode, Island, where he spent his childhood. Peter was raised by Francis and Thelma Griffin in the Roman Catholic faith. However, in "Peter's Two Dads", he discovers that his biological father is an Irishman named Mickey McFinnigan. Peter visits McFinnegan, who neglects him at first, yet eventually accepts him as his son after beating him in the "game of drink". The game of drink referring to matching shots until one passes out. Peter has also referred to a large number of ancestors throughout the series, stating, "the Griffin family history is a rich tapestry". Famous ancestors of Peter include Moses Griffin, who led the Jews out of Egypt; Willie "Black-Eye" Griffin, Peter's great-grandfather, a 1920s silent film star; and Peter Hitler, the flamboyant brother of Adolf Hitler. Peter's ancestor Nate Griffin, an African American slave from Virginia, was owned by Lois' ancestors. He fell in love with their daughter, and secretly raised a family with her. Nate's family was eventually discovered and they escaped.

Reception

Commendations

Editors of Variety put ''Family Guy'' in their contenders for the 2011 Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Comedy Series; they stated that, depending on your sense of humor, Peter is either " a comedy genius" or "an obnoxious idiot". MacFarlane has been nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award in the Outstanding Voice-Over Performance category in 2009 for voicing Peter. He was also nominated in 2008, for an Annie Award in the Voice Acting in an Animated Television Production or Short Form for voicing Peter. Peter has ranked in several of IGN's top 10s (generally these list are related to the show). Among these lists Peter ranked the third spot on IGN's "Top 25 Family Guy Characters", in the list it was stated that many of the shows best gags come from Peter and his shenanigans and that "Peter practically invented the "manatee joke". Entertainment Weekly placed Peter in their "18 Bad TV Dads" list (the list also included characters like Homer Simpson and Al Bundy).

Criticism and controversy

Peter has been critized for being similar to Homer Simpson. In some episodes of The Simpsons Peter has appeared, in these episodes which he has been featured he has been depicted as a Homer Simpsons clone or is acussed of plagiarism. Ken Tucker from Entertainment Weekly stated that Peter is Homer Simpson "as conceived by a singularly sophomoric mind that lacks any reference point beyond other TV shows". Robin Pierson from the TV Critic critized the Griffin family for being to simalar to the Simpson family; and he said that Peter "has Homer Simpson written all over him".

Peter has created controversy in various episodes of ''Family Guy''. In the episode The Cleveland-Loretta Quagmire, (season 4, 2005) featured a sequence titled "You Have AIDS", in which Peter Griffin dances and sings in a barbershop quartet fashion around the bed of a man with end-stage AIDS about his diagnosis, this drew protests from several AIDS service organizations. In "The Son Also Draws", (season 1, 1999) Peter states that "Canada sucks" as part of the ending joke of the episode; the statement resulted in the producers reciving hate mail from Canadian viewers of the show. In the episode "When You Wish Upon a Weinstein", (season 3, 2000) Peter sings a parody song of "When You Wish upon a Star", entitled "I Need a Jew"; on October 3, 2007, Bourne Co. Music Publishers filed a lawsuit accusing the show of infringing its copyright on the original song; Bourne Co., the sole United States copyright owner of the song, alleged the parody pairs a "thinly veiled" copy of their music with antisemitic lyrics.

Cultural influence

Appearences in the media

Peter has had several television appearances outside ''Family Guy'', often in the form of direct parody. Peter has appeared in two episodes of ''The Simpsons'', referencing how the two shows are frequently compared to each other. In the fourteenth season episode "Treehouse of Horror XIII", Peter is depicted as one of Homer Simpson's clones, and in the seventeenth season episode, "The Italian Bob", a photo of Peter is in a book of criminals, which says he is wanted for "plagiarismo". Peter, and most of the central characters on ''Family Guy'', also appeared in the pilot episode of the show's spin-off ''The Cleveland Show''.

Merchandise

Peter is also featured on the ''Family Guy: Live in Vegas'' CD, and plays a significant part in ''Family Guy Video Game!'', the first ''Family Guy'' video game, which was released by 2K Games in 2006. Peter will be used in the game ''Family Guy Online'' as a character class for the game's character creator. MacFarlane recorded exclusive material of Peter's voice and other ''Family Guy'' characters for a 2007 pinball machine of the show by Stern Pinball. In 2004, the first series of ''Family Guy'' toy figurines was released by Mezco Toyz, each member of the Griffin family had their own toy, with the exception of Stewie, of whom two different figures were made. Over the course of two years, four more series of toy figures have been released, with various forms of Peter. Alongside the action figures, Peter has been included in various other ''Family Guy''-related merchandise.

As of 2009, six books have been released about the ''Family Guy'' universe, all published by HarperCollins since 2005. This include ''Family Guy: It Takes a Village Idiot, and I Married One'' (ISBN 978-0-7528-7593-4), which covers the entire events of the episode "It Takes a Village Idiot, and I Married One", and ''Family Guy and Philosophy: A Cure for the Petarded'' (ISBN 978-1-4051-6316-3), a collection of seventeen essays exploring the connections between the series and historical philosophers. which include Peter as a character. Peter appears in comic-book based on the ''Family Guy'' universe; by Titan Comics. The first comic book is going to be released in July 27, 2011.

In 2008, the character appeared in advertisements for Subway Restaurants, promoting the restaurant's massive feast sandwich. Chief marketing officer Tony Pace commented "Peter's a good representation of the people who are interested in the Feast, and ''Family Guy'' is a show "that appeals to that target audience." ''The Boston Globe'' critic Brian Steinberg praised the restaurant's use of the character for the commercials. NFL News reporter Michael Fabiano felt it was a bad decision to have an obese character advertise for a chain of restaurants that based their advertisement campaigns on health.

References

Category:Family Guy characters Category:Fictional characters from Rhode Island Category:Fictional American people of Irish descent Category:Fictional American people of German descent Category:Fictional toymakers and toy inventors Category:Fictional fishers Category:Fictional characters introduced in 1999

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