Network name	Yleisradio / Rundradion (YLE)
Network logo
Network type	Broadcast radio, television and online
Country
Available	NationalInternational
Founded	1926 radio1958 television
Slogan	One Word. A Thousand Stories.
Market share	44.3% of Finnish television viewers and 50% of radio listeners (2005)
Owner	99.9% state-owned, supervised by an Administrative Council appointed by Parliament
Key people	CEO Lauri Kivinen
Launch date	September 9, 1926
Website	www.yle.fi

The Finnish Broadcasting Company (, ) almost always referred to by its abbreviation YLE, is Finland's national broadcasting company, founded in 1926. YLE is a public-broadcasting organization which shares many of its characteristics with its British counterpart, the BBC, on which it was largely modelled. It employs around 3,200 people in Finland.

YLE is a public limited company, owned by the Finnish state (with a 99.98 % share). It is funded primarily (90%) through a television fee, allocated by the cabinet, which is between €208.15 and €215.4 per year, as well as through private television broadcasting license fees. YLE has a status that could be described as that of a non-departmental public body. It is governed by a parliamentary governing council. YLE's turnover in 2006 was 383.5 million euro.

Today YLE operates four national television channels, 13 radio channels and services, and 25 regional radio stations. Finland being an officially bilingual country – around 5.5% of the population have Swedish as their mother-tongue – YLE provides radio and TV programming in Swedish through a department called Svenska YLE. As is customary in Finnish television and cinemas, foreign films and shows are generally subtitled on YLE's channels. Dubbing is used exclusively in cartoons intended for young children who have not yet learned to read.

In the field of international broadcasting, one of YLE's best known services is Nuntii Latini, the news in Latin, which is broadcast worldwide and made available over the Internet. YLE was also one of 23 founding broadcasting organisations of the European Broadcasting Union in 1950. YLE hosted the Eurovision Song Contest 2007 in Helsinki, Finland.

History

, Helsinki]] Yleisradio was founded in Helsinki on 29 May 1926. The first radio programme was transmitted on 9 September in that year, and this is the date generally considered to be the birthday of regular broadcasting activities in Finland. However, it was not until 1928 that YLE's broadcasts became available throughout the country. After this the broadcasting network was developed and by the beginning of the 1930s, 100,000 households were able to listen YLE's programmes.

In 1957 YLE made its first television broadcast tests, and the following year regular TV programming was started under the name Suomen Televisio (Finnish Television). The popularity of television in the country grew rapidly and in 1964, YLE obtained TES-TV and Tamvisio, which were merged to YLE TV2. From 1969 all of YLE's programming was made entirely in colour. During the past few years, YLE has founded a number of new radio and television channels and in 2007 there was a digital television switchover. A completely new digital channel Yle Teema was introduced, and the Swedish-language FST (Finlands Svenska Television) was moved from reserved analogue channel time to its own digital channel FST5. Five channels were reserved, where the fifth channel was initially used for 24-hour news (YLE24). However, this channel was decommissioned, and the replacement, Yle Extra, was also decommissioned in 2007. Until August 4, 2008, the fifth channel was used to broadcast YLE TV1 with Finnish subtitles broadcast on programmes in foreign languages (without having to enable the digital set-top box's subtitle function).

Television

; YLE TV1

TV1 is the oldest of YLE's channels and also the flagship of YLE. It services as the main news, current affairs and factual journalism channel of YLE with also a number of documentaries, drama, cultural and educational programmes being shown. Satirical entertainment, cinema and shows of British production are also included in its programming.

; YLE TV2

TV2 founded in 1964 is the main channel for children's, teenagers' and sports programmes though it also shows drama, entertainment and factual programmes. Emphasis in current affairs output is on domestic items, regional content and citizens' journalism. It broadcasts Eurovision Song Contest and Eurovision Dance Contest for Finland.

; YLE Teema Teema () is the channel for culture, education and science. It focuses on recordings of performing arts, classical music, art and history documentaries, films and theme broadcasts.

; YLE FST5

is the Swedish-language full service channel broadcasting news, factual and children's programmes and entertainment. It also shows many Nordic films and series and Sami-language Ođđasat. Finnish subtitles are available for most programmes, they can be enabled using the digital set-top box.

; YLE HD

is a part time HDTV channel currently used for broadcasting sport events, like the Vancouver Olympic Games. Broadcasted by Canal Digital, selected cable networks and terrestrially in Greater Helsinki & Greater Lahti.

; TV Finland

TV Finland is Digital satellite channel showing a selection of YLE and MTV3 programmes in other parts of Europe.

; Teletext Teletext shows news, sport and programme information round the clock. Theme pages on the weather, traffic, work and leisure.

Radio

YLE Radio 1: A radio channel for culture, in-depth current affairs and talk programmes. Classical music (concerts by the Finnish Radio Symphony Orchestra), jazz, folk, world music and religious music.

YleX: A fast-tempo programme-flow channel featuring new music and in tune with popular culture, targeted at 17 to 27-year-olds. Percentage of music is 70%. New domestic and foreign pop and rock and several special music programmes.

YLE Radio Suomi: The national and regional news, service and contact channel, also sport and entertainment. Musical fare comprising domestic and foreign hits, adult and nostalgic pop.

YLE Radio Extrem: The Swedish-language youth channel for current affairs debate and popular culture, broadcasting also news. New pop and rock and special music programmes.

YLE Radio Vega: News, current affairs and culture in Swedish for all audience groups, also offering culture and regional programmes. Adult pop, jazz and classical music.

YLE Sámi Radio: A Sami-language network covering most of Lapland. Co-operation with SVT and NRK.

YLE Puhe (formerly YLE Radio Peili): The news and current affairs channel presenting talk programmes from YLE's other radio and television channels. Classical jazz. Also broadcast on digital television and MW.

;Digital services YLE will phase out DAB broadcasts by the end of 2005 but will continue to broadcast these channels through DVB.

Ylen Klassinen: The 24-hour digital supplementary service of classical music also broadcast on digital television.

YLE VegaPlus

;International services

YLE Radio Finland: The external service of YLE broadcasting in Finnish, Swedish, English and Russian on SW, MW, satellite and on the Internet.

YLE World and YLE Mondo: Radio Finland's digital programme services in English and other languages, mostly compiled from international radio services.

Capital FM (Finland): channel compiled from Radio World's and Mondo's programming in Greater Helsinki, and partly in Turku, Lahti and Kuopio.

Educational Channels: in Turku, Kuopio, Lahti and Mikkeli.

;See also : List of Finnish television channels

Controversy

In radio, YLE was a legal monopoly until 1985, when local radio stations were permitted, and maintained a national monopoly until 1995, when national radio networks were allowed.

In the past, YLE has been seen in Finland as a "red" or leftist medium. This was true especially in 1965–1969, during the term of Director-General Eino S. Repo, who got the position with the backing of the Agrarian League and President Kekkonen (who was a member of the Agrarian Party), as he was Kekkonen's personal friend. He was accused of favouring student radicalism and young reporters with socially critical programs that demanded reforms, and YLE was given the nickname "Reporadio". After his resigning, he was demoted to the position of director of radio broadcasting, on SKDL (Communist) mandate.

Repo resigned in 1969, but according to YLE, the "political mandate" remained, as Erkki Raatikainen was named director directly from the Social Democratic Party office. Subsequently, all directors after him until 2010 were Social Democrats.

The appointment of Lauri Kivinen in February 2010 excited much adverse comment as he was previously head of the Nokia Siemens group which had sold monitoring equipment to the Iranian Secret Service, allowing them to arrest political dissidents throughout the unrest in the fall of 2009.

Decision to close shortwave

The broadcasts on shortwave from YLE were closed at the end of 2006. Expatriate organisations had been campaigning for a continued service, but their efforts did not succeed in maintaining the service or even in slowing the process. The decision also affected a high-powered medium wave on 963 kHz (312m). A smaller medium wave covering the Gulf of Finland region (558 kHz, 538m) remained on air.

Parliamentary question about shortwave

Conservative member of parliament Mr Pertti Hemmilä submitted in November a question in parliament about the plans of YLE to end its availability on international shortwave bands. In his question MP Hemmilä took up the low cost of the world band radio to the consumer travelling or living abroad. In her response the minister for communication and transport, Mrs Susanna Huovinen (sdp) noted that YLE would now be available via other means such as satellites and the Internet. She also underlined the fact that YLE is not under government control, but under direct parliamentary supervision. (The link above leads to texts of the question and the response in Finnish and Swedish at www.eduskunta.fi)

List of YLE managing directors

L. M. Viherjuuri 1926 - 1927 acting

Yrjö Koskelainen 1927 - 1927 acting

A. Deinert 1927 - 1927 acting

Hjalmar Voldemar Walldén - 1927- 1945 (changed name in 1935 to J. V. (Jalmar Voldemar)

Hella Wuolijoki 1945 - 1949

Einar Sundström 1950 - 1964

Eino S. Repo 1965 - 1969

Erkki Raatikainen 1970 - 1979

Sakari Kiuru 1980 - 1989

Reino Paasilinna 1990 - 1994

Arne Wessberg 1994 - 2005

Mikael Jungner 2005 - 2010

Lauri Kivinen 2010 -

See also

List of documentary channels

References

External links

YLE – Official site

svenska.yle.fi – Svenska YLE. Official site in Swedish.

YLE News – News in English

YLE Sámi Radio – audio and video in Sámi (Lappish)

www.yle.fi/russian – YLE po-russki. YLE in Russian.

Nuntii Latini – News in Latin

TV-maksuhallinto (the Television Fee Administration)

Streaming video and audio

YLE Areena – in Finnish

YLE Arenan – in Swedish

Elävä arkisto – the "Living Archive" in Finnish

Arkivet – the "Archive, a part of the Living Archive" in Swedish

YLE News – video in English

YLE News in English – audio in English

Category:Finnish radio Category:Television in Finland Category:Publicly funded broadcasters Category:European Broadcasting Union members

Name	Adam Lambert
Background	solo_singer
Birth name	Adam Mitchel Lambert
Born	January 29, 1982Indianapolis, Indiana, U.S.
Origin	San Diego, California, U.S.
Genre	Pop rock, pop The Times identified Lambert as one of the few openly gay mainstream pop artists to launch a career on a major label in the United States.
Name	Lambert, Adam
Alternative names	Glambert
Short description	Singer
Date of birth	January 29, 1982

Category:1982 births Category:2000s singers Category:2010s singers Category:Actors from California Category:American Idol participants Category:American Jews Category:American male singers Category:American musical theatre actors Category:American rock singers Category:American stage actors Category:Gay actors Category:Idol series runners-up Category:Jewish actors Category:Jewish American musicians Category:Jewish musicians Category:Jewish singers Category:LGBT Jews Category:LGBT musicians from the United States Category:Living people Category:Musicians from California Category:People from Indianapolis, Indiana Category:People from Los Angeles, California Category:RCA Records artists

Honorific-prefix	The Honourable, C.D.
Name	Usain Bolt
Honorific-suffix	OJ
Caption	Bolt at Berlin World Championships 2009
Nationality	Jamaican
Sport	Track and field
Event	100m, 200m, 400m, 4x100m
Club	Racers Track Club
Birthdate	August 21, 1986
Weight

After the Olympics

The end of the 2008 athletics season saw Bolt compete in the ÅF Golden League, beginning in Weltklasse Zürich. Despite having the slowest start among his competitors in the 100 m race, he still crossed the finishing line in 9.83 s. Even though the time was slower than both his newly set world record and Asafa Powell's track record, it was still among the top-fifteen 100 m finishes by any sprinter to that date. However, it was the 100 m final, featuring Asafa Powell, that drew the most interest. Powell had moved closer to Bolt's world record after setting a new personal best of 9.72 s, reaffirming his status as Bolt's main contender. Bolt's final event of the season came three days later at the Golden League final in Brussels. This was the first 100 m race featuring both Bolt and Powell since the final in the Olympics. Both Jamaicans broke the track record, but Bolt came out on top with a time of 9.77 s, beating Powell by 0.06 s. Victory, however, did not come as smoothly as it had in Beijing. Bolt made the slowest start of the nine competitors and had to recover ground in cold conditions and against a 0.9 m/s headwind. Yet the results confirmed Jamaican dominance in the 100 m, with nine of the ten-fastest legal times in history being recorded by either Bolt or Powell.

He was selected as the IAAF Male Athlete of the year and won a Special Olympic Award for his performances. However, Bolt turned his attention to future events, suggesting that he could aim to break the 400 metres world record in 2010 as no major championships were scheduled that year.

2009 Berlin World Championships

Bolt started the season competing over 400 metres in order to improve his speed, winning two races and registering 45.54 s in Kingston, and windy conditions gave him his first sub-10 second finish of the season in the 100 m in March. In late April Bolt suffered minor leg injuries in a car crash. However, he quickly recovered following minor surgery and (after cancelling a track meet in Jamaica) he stated that he was fit to compete in the 150 metres street race at the Manchester Great City Games. Bolt won the race in 14.35 s, the fastest time ever recorded for 150 m. Despite not being at full fitness, he took the 100 and 200 m titles at the Jamaican national championships, with runs of 9.86 s and 20.25 s respectively. This meant he had qualified for both events at the 2009 World Championships. Rival Tyson Gay suggested that Bolt's 100 m record was within his grasp, but Bolt dismissed the claim and instead noted that he was more interested in Asafa Powell's return from injury. Bolt defied unfavourable conditions at the Athletissima meet in July, running 19.59 seconds into a 0.9 m/s headwind and rain, to record the fourth fastest time ever over 200 m, one hundredth off Gay's best time.

At the 2009 World Championships in August, Bolt eased through the 100 m heats, clocking the fastest ever pre-final performance of 9.89 seconds. The final was the first time Bolt and Gay had met in the season, and Bolt improved his world record with a time of 9.58 s to win his first World Championship gold medal. Gay finished with a time of 9.71 s, 0.02 s off Bolt's 9.69 s world-record run in Beijing. Taking over a tenth of a second off the previous best mark, this was the largest ever margin of improvement in the 100 m world record since the beginning of electronic timing.

Although Gay withdrew from the second race of the competition, the Jamaican once again produced world record-breaking form in the 200 metres final. He broke his own record by 0.11 seconds, finishing with a time of 19.19 seconds. He won the 200 m race by the biggest margin in World Championships history, even though the race had three other athletes running under 19.90 seconds, the greatest number ever in the event. Bolt's pace impressed even the more experienced of his competitors; third-placed Wallace Spearmon complimented his speed, and former Olympic champion Shawn Crawford said "Just coming out there...I felt like I was in a video game, that guy was moving – fast". Bolt pointed out that an important factor in his performance at the World Championships was his improved start to the races: his reaction times in the 100 m (0.146) and 200 m (0.133) were significantly faster than those he had produced in his world record runs at the Beijing Olympics. However, he, together with other members of Jamaican 4x100 m relay team, fell short of their own world record of 37.10 s set at 2008 Summer Olympics by timing 37.31 s, which is, however, a championship record and the second fastest time in history at that date.

On the last day of the Berlin Championships, the governing Mayor of Berlin, Klaus Wowereit, presented Bolt with a 12-foot high section of the Berlin Wall in a small ceremony, saying Bolt had shown that “one can tear down walls that had been considered as insurmountable.” The nearly three-ton segment will be delivered to Bolt's training camp in Jamaica.

Several days after Bolt broke the world records in 100 and 200 metres events, Mike Powell, the world record holder in long jump (8.95 metres set in 1991) argued that Bolt could become the first man to jump over 9 metres, the long jump event being "a perfect fit for his speed and height". At the end of the season he was selected as the IAAF World Athlete of the Year for the second year running.

2010: Diamond League and broken streak

Early on in the 2010 outdoor season, Bolt ran 19.56 seconds in the 200 m in Kingston, Jamaica for the fourth-fastest run of all-time, although he stated that he had no record breaking ambitions for the forthcoming season. He took to the international circuit May with wins in East Asia at the Colorful Daegu Pre-Championships Meeting and then a comfortable win in his 2010 IAAF Diamond League debut at the Shanghai Golden Grand Prix. Bolt made an attempt to break Michael Johnson's best time over the rarely competed 300 metres event at the Golden Spike meeting in Ostrava. He failed to match Johnson's ten-year-old record of 30.85 and suffered a setback in that his 30.97-second run in wet weather had left him with an Achilles tendon problem.

On his return from injury a month later, he asserted himself with a 100 m win at the Athletissima meeting in Lausanne (9.82 seconds) and a victory over Asafa Powell at Meeting Areva in Paris (9.84 seconds). Despite this run of form, he suffered only the second loss of his career in a 100 m final at the DN Galan. Tyson Gay soundly defeated him with a run of 9.84 to Bolt's 9.97 seconds, and the Jamaican reflected that he had slacked off in training early in the season while Gay had been better prepared and in a better condition. This marked Bolt's first loss to Gay over 100 m, which coincidentally occurred in the same stadium where Powell had beaten Bolt for the first time two years earlier.

Personal life

Bolt expresses a love for dancing and his character is frequently described as laid-back and relaxed. Bolt's Jamaican track and field idols include Herb McKenley and former Jamaican 100 m 200 m world record holder, Don Quarrie. Michael Johnson, the former 200 m world and Olympic record holder, is also held in high esteem by Bolt. He is also a fan of Indian batsman Sachin Tendulkar, West Indian opener Chris Gayle and Australian opener Matthew Hayden. During a charity cricket match Bolt clean bowled West Indies captain and legendary batsman Chris Gayle Gayle was complimentary of Bolt's pace and swing Bolt also whacked a six as he showed of his batting skills as well. The six came of Chris Gayle's bowling. Another bowler complimentary of Bolt's pace was former West-Indies fast-bowling great Curtly Ambrose Bolt has also expressed his love for football and is a fan of Manchester United. Bolt has also declared he is a fan of Dutch striker Ruud Van Nistelrooy. Following a race in Manchester, he met the team at their training ground and offered Portuguese national Cristiano Ronaldo some sprinting advice. In 2010, he also revealed his fondness of music, when he played a reggae DJ set to a crowd in Paris.

After winning the 200 m title in the 2002 World Junior Championships in Kingston, Jamaica, Bolt signed a sponsorship deal with Puma. To promote Bolt's chase for Olympic glory in the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, China, Puma released a series of videos including Bolt's then-world-record-setting run in Icahn Stadium and his Olympic preparations. After his world record breaking run in New York City, which was preceded by a lightning storm, the press frequently made puns on the Jamaican's name, nicknaming him "Lightning Bolt" and the "Bolt from the blue". During the Beijing 2008 100 m final, Bolt wore golden Puma Complete Theseus spikes that had "Beijing 100 m Gold" emblazoned across them. His athletics agent is PACE Sports Management.

In 2010, Bolt signed a lucrative publishing deal with HarperCollins for an autobiography, which was negotiated by Chris Nathaniel of NVA Management. This is scheduled for release in 2012. During a press conference in Paris on 15 July 2010, Bolt declined any comment on what would be contained within the book saying, "you can't really give away anything in your book ... should be exciting, it's my life, and I'm a cool and exciting guy".

Statistics

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Personal bests

See also

Men's 100 metres world record progression

Men's 200 metres world record progression

List of multiple Olympic gold medalists

Athletics in Jamaica

Jamaica at the Olympics

Awards

IAAF World Athlete of the Year: 2008, 2009

Track & Field Athlete of the Year: 2008, 2009

Laureus World Sportsman of the Year: 2009, 2010

BBC Overseas Sports Personality of the Year: 2008, 2009

References

External links

Official website

Usain Bolt timeline via The Daily Telegraph

Lightning Strikes Twice - slideshow by The First Post

Asafa Powell}} |- |- Tyson Gay}} David Rudisha}} |- |- Roger Federer}} Rafael Nadal}} |- |- |- Asafa Powell}} Tyson Gay}} Tyson Gay}}

Category:1986 births Category:Living people Category:Male sprinters Category:Athletes at the 2004 Summer Olympics Category:Athletes at the 2008 Summer Olympics Category:Jamaican sprinters Category:Laureus World Sports Awards winners Category:Olympic athletes of Jamaica Category:Olympic gold medalists for Jamaica Category:People from Trelawny Parish Category:World record holders in athletics Category:Jamaican Christians

Name	Mr Methane
Pseudonym	Mr Methane
Birth name	Paul Oldfield
Birth date	1966
Birth place	Macclesfield, Cheshire, England
Medium	Performance art
Nationality	British
Active	1991-present
Genre	Speciality act
Influences	Le Pétomane
Website	www.mrmethane.com

Paul Oldfield, born in Macclesfield, Cheshire, North West England, is better known by his stage name Mr. Methane. He is a British flatulist or "professional farter" who started performing in 1991; he briefly retired in 2006 but re-started in mid-2007; he claims to be the only performing professional flatulist in the world.

Background

According to When Will I Be Famous? (2003), a BBC book on British variety acts, Oldfield discovered his ability at the age of fifteen when practicing yoga. The next day he performed twenty rapid fire rasping farts in under a minute for a group of his friends. It became so popular he made it into a regular event.

In the late 1980s, Oldfield turned professional, performing as an opening act for the Macclesfield-based bands The Screaming Beavers and The Macc Lads. The latter wrote a song about him on their album The Beer Necessities. Oldfield subsequently traveled to New York, USA, where he appeared as a guest on the Howard Stern Show as the "British Blaster". While in New York, Mr. Methane also performed a series of farts at the Broadway theatre,Broadway.

In 2009 Oldfield auditioned for Britain's Got Talent, where he announced his intention to "put the art into fart", but failed to make it through to the live finals, after being "buzzed" out by all three judges in less than two minutes during his flatulist performance of the Blue Danube waltz, with Simon Cowell calling him "a vile, disgusting creature". That same year, Mr. Methane also auditioned for Das Supertalent in Germany, but was eliminated in the semi-finals.

DVDs

Methane, Mr (2000), Mr Methane Lets Rip! ASIN B00004D03A

See also

Le Pétomane

Books

Chapter on Mr Methane in Kelner, Martin (12 June, 2003). When Will I Be Famous. BBC Books. ISBN 0563487771 / ISBN 978-0563487777

Featured in Foster, Tim (1 November, 2007). Superman's Pockets. FiveFootSix. ISBN 0955704006 / ISBN 978-0955704000

There is a lengthy chapter on Mr. Methane called "The Man With the Singing Sphincter" in Jim Dawson's 2006 book Blame It on the Dog: A Modern History of the Fart. Ten Speed Press ISBN 978-1-58008-751-3

Footnotes

Guardian G2 Page 14 http://www.guardian.co.uk/culture/2008/jul/23/edinburghfestival.comedy

References

The Independent ( London ), 1 January 1994 - front page article.

Daily Telegraph (London), 17th March, 2001

Interview/feature in The Age (Australia), 20th March, 2005

Guardian G2 Page 14 http://www.guardian.co.uk/culture/2008/jul/23/edinburghfestival.comedy

External links

Official web site of Mr. Methane

Mr Methane's MySpace page

On The scott mills show

Category:Flatulists Category:Britain's Got Talent contestants Category:British entertainers Category:Living people Category:1966 births Category:People from Macclesfield

Mikael Jungner (born 20 April 1965 in Helsinki) is the former Managing Director of the Finnish Broadcasting Company and the current party secretary of the Social Democratic Party. He grew up on the Finnish west coast in the city of Vaasa. He started a five-year term as Managing Director on the 1 May 2005. Although he sought for another term, the political board of YLE replaced him with Lauri Kivinen on 1 May 2010. Jungner's term as the Managing Director of YLE can be considered as a success.

Jungner was the director of information society relations at Microsoft Corporation 2002-2004. He was formerly the Parliamentary secretary and aide of former Prime Minister Paavo Lipponen. In May 2010, Jungner was elected as the party secretary of SDP.

Mikael Jungner is married to YLE host Maria Matthes.

References

Category:1965 births Category:Living people Category:People from Helsinki Category:Social Democratic Party of Finland politicians Category:Finnish businesspeople