Hemp (from Old English hænep) is the name of the soft, durable fibre that is cultivated from plants of the Cannabis genus, cultivated for commercial use. In modern times, hemp has been used for industrial purposes including paper, textiles, biodegradable plastics, construction, health food, fuel, and medical purposes While more hemp is exported to the United States than to any other country, the United States Government does not consistently distinguish between marijuana and the non-psychoactive Cannabis used for industrial and commercial purposes.

Uses

Hemp is used for a wide variety of purposes, an estimated 50,000 products can be produced from hemp in the United States. Including the manufacture of cordage of varying tensile strength, everlasting clothing, and nutritional products. The bast fibres can be used in 100% hemp products, but are commonly blended with other organic fibres such as flax, cotton or silk, for apparel and furnishings, most commonly at a 55%/45% hemp/cotton blend. The inner two fibres of hemp are more woody, and are more often used in non-woven items and other industrial applications, such as mulch, animal bedding and litter. The oil from the fruits ("seeds") oxidizes (commonly, though inaccurately, called "drying") to become solid on exposure to air, similar to linseed oil, and is sometimes used in the manufacture of oil-based paints, in creams as a moisturizing agent, for cooking, and in plastics. Hemp seeds have been used in bird seed mix as well.

Hempseed is an adequate source of dietary fiber, calcium and iron, and contains antioxidants and chlorophyll. Whole hempseeds are also a good source of phosphorus, magnesium, zinc, copper and manganese.

Hempseed is usually very safe for those unable to tolerate nuts, gluten, lactose, and sugar. In fact, there are no known allergies to hemp foods. Hempseed contains no gluten and therefore would not trigger symptoms of celiac disease.

Storage

Hemp oil can spontaneously oxidize and turn rancid within a short period of time if not stored properly; it is best stored in a dark glass bottle, in a refrigerator or freezer (its freezing point is –20 °C). Preservatives (antioxidants) are not necessary for high quality oils that are stored properly.

Dietary supplement

Hemp oil has been shown to relieve the symptoms of eczema (atopic dermatitis). In the 1930s Hearst began a campaign against hemp, and published stories in his newspapers associating hemp with marijuana Hemp fiber is mixed with fiber from other sources than hemp. In 1994 was there no significant production of 100% true hemp paper. World hemp pulp production was believed to be around 120,000 tons per year in 1991 which was about 0.05% of the world's annual pulp production volume. mostly because of the small size and outdated equipment of the few hemp processing plants in the Western world, and because hemp is harvested once a year (during August) and needs to be stored to feed the mill the whole year through. This storage requires a lot of (mostly manual) handling of the bulky stalk bundles. Another issue is that the entire hemp plant cannot be economically prepared for paper production. While the wood products industry uses nearly 100% of the fiber from harvested trees, only about 25% of the dried hemp stem — the bark, called bast — contains the long, strong fibers desirable for paper production. For an annual yield of this level is it in Ontario recommended to add Nitrogen (N):70–110 kg/ha, Phosphate (P2O5): up to 80 kg/ha and Potash (K2O): 40–90 kg/ha. The average yield of dry hemp stalks in Europe was 6 ton/ha (2.4 ton/ac) in 2001 and 2002.

FAO argue that an optimum yield of hemp fibre is more than 2 tonnes per ha, while average yields are around 650 kg/ha.

Harvesting

Smallholder plots are usually harvested by hand. The plants are cut at 2 to 3 cm above the soil and left on the ground to dry. Mechanical harvesting is now common, using specially adapted cutter-binders or simpler cutters.

The cut hemp is laid in swathes to dry for up to four days. This was traditionally followed by retting, either water retting (the bundled hemp floats in water) or dew retting (the hemp remains on the ground and is affected by the moisture in dew, and by molds and bacterial action). Modern processes use steam and machinery to separate the fibre, a process known as thermo-mechanical pulping.

Varieties

There are broadly three groups of Cannabis varieties being cultivated today:

Varieties primarily cultivated for their fibre, characterized by long stems and little branching, extreme red, yellow, blue or purple coloration, or thickness of stem and solid core, such as hemp Cannabis oglalas, and more generally called industrial hemp.

Varieties grown for hemp seed oil which is high in protein and essential fatty acids and has no psychoactive properties.

Varieties grown for medicinal, spiritual development or recreational purposes.

A nominal, if not legal distinction is often made between hemp, with concentrations of the psychoactive chemical THC far too low to be useful as a drug, and Cannabis used for medical, recreational, or spiritual purposes.

Diseases

Hemp plants can be vulnerable to various pathogens, including bacteria, fungi, nematodes, viruses and other miscellaneous pathogens. Such diseases often lead to reduced fibre quality, stunted growth, and death of the plant. These diseases rarely affect the yield of a hemp field, so hemp production is not traditionally dependent on the use of pesticides.

History

from Vienna Dioscurides, 512 A.D.]]

Hemp use dates back to the Stone Age, with hemp fibre imprints found in pottery shards in China and Taiwan Contrary to the traditional view that Cai Lun invented paper in around 105 AD, specimens of hemp paper were found in the Great Wall of China dating back 200 years earlier.

The classical Greek historian Herodotus (ca. 480 BC) reported that the inhabitants of Scythia would often inhale the vapours of hemp-seed smoke, both as ritual and for their own pleasurable recreation. , but during World War II farmers were encouraged to grow hemp for cordage, to replace Manila hemp previously obtained from Japanese-controlled areas. The U.S. government produced a film explaining the uses of hemp, called Hemp for Victory.]]

In 1937, the Marihuana Tax Act of 1937 was passed in the United States. It levied a tax on anyone who dealt commercially in cannabis, hemp, or marijuana. It was repealed by an overriding law in 1970.

Hemp was used extensively by the United States during World War II. Uniforms, canvas, and rope were among the main textiles created from the hemp plant at this time.

Canada (9,725 ha in 2004), the United Kingdom, and Germany all resumed commercial production in the 1990s. British production is mostly used as bedding for horses; other uses are under development. The largest outlet for German fibre is composite automotive panels. Companies in Canada, UK, United States, and Germany, among many others, process hemp seed into a growing range of food products and cosmetics; many traditional growing countries still continue to produce textile-grade fibre.

Hemp is not legal to grow in the U.S. under Federal law because of its relation to marijuana, and any imported hemp products must meet a zero tolerance level. It is considered a controlled substance under the Controlled Substances Act (P.L. 91-513; 21 U.S.C. 801 et seq.). Some states have defied Federal law and made the cultivation of industrial hemp legal. These states — North Dakota, Hawaii, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Montana, West Virginia, and Vermont — have not yet begun to grow hemp because of resistance from the federal Drug Enforcement Administration.

Commercial production (including cultivation) of industrial hemp has been permitted in Canada since 1998, under licenses and authorization issued by Health Canada. In 2009, hemp was harvested on 5450 hectares of Canadian land.

Industrial growth under licence

Licences for hemp cultivation are issued in the European Union, Canada, in all states of Australia, and nine states in the United States.

In the United Kingdom, these licences are issued by the Home Office under the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971. When grown for non-drug purposes, hemp is referred to as industrial hemp, and a common product is fibre for use in a wide variety of products, as well as the seed for nutritional aspects as well as for the oil. Feral hemp or ditch weed is usually a naturalized fibre or oilseed strain of Cannabis that has escaped from cultivation and is self-seeding.

Victoria, Queensland and, most recently, New South Wales issue licences to grow hemp for industrial use. Victoria was an early adopter in 1998, and has reissued the regulation in 2008. Queensland has allowed industrial production under licence since 2002 where the issuance is controlled under the Drugs Misuse Act 1986. Most recently, New South Wales now issues licences under a law that came into effect as of 6 November 2008, the Hemp Industry Regulations Act 2008 (No 58).

Vermont and North Dakota have passed laws enabling hemp licensure. Both states are waiting for permission to grow hemp from the DEA. Currently, North Dakota representatives are pursuing legal measures to force DEA approval. Oregon has licensed industrial hemp as of August, 2009.

See also

Plant textiles

Hemp for Victory

Hemp Industries Association

Hempcrete

Natural fibre

Vote Hemp

Hemp Plastic

References

Category:Cannabis Category:Energy crops Category:Fiber plants Category:Fodder Category:Medicinal plants Category:Building materials Category:Non-food crops

Name	Willie Nelson
Landscape	no
Background	solo_singer
Birth name	Willie Hugh Nelson
Born	April 30, 1933Abbott, TexasUnited States
Instrument	Vocals, guitar
Genre	Country, country rock, outlaw country, alternative country
Occupation	MusicianSongwriterProducerActorActivist
Years active	1956 - present
Label	Liberty, RCA, Atlantic, Columbia, Island, Justice Records, Lost Highway
Associated acts	Waylon Jennings, The Highwaymen, Johnny Cash, Kris Kristofferson
Url	www.willienelson.com
Notable instruments	"Trigger" (Martin N-20)

Willie Hugh Nelson (born April 30, 1933) His father was a mechanic and pool hall owner. Willie later did an album with Ray Price in 1980 called San Antonio Rose. Nelson signed with Liberty Records in 1961 and released several singles, including "Willingly" (sung with his soon-to-be second wife, Shirley Collie) and "Touch Me".

He was unable to impress Nashville producers with his singing voice, and Nelson's singing career in Nashville did not take off. Demo recordings from his years as a songwriter for Pamper Music were later discovered and released as Crazy: The Demo Sessions (2003).

Austin

In 1965, Nelson moved to RCA Victor Records and joined the Grand Ole Opry. He released a string of standard, mid-1960s Nashville Sound-inspired country albums, mostly produced by Chet Atkins. He had a number of mid-level chart hits throughout the remainder of the 1960s and into the early 1970s, before retiring and moving to Austin, Texas. While in Austin, with its burgeoning "hippie" music scene (see Armadillo World Headquarters), Nelson decided to return to music. His popularity in Austin soared, as he played his own brand of country music marked by rock and roll, jazz, western swing, and folk influences. A passion for running and a new commitment to his own health also began during this period.

In the mid 1970's, Nelson purchased property near Lake Travis in Austin and converted Pedernales Country Club into the Pedernales Studio. The studio underwent state of the art renovations in the mid 1990's, and many top recording artists adorn its client list. Its amenities include a 9-hole golf course, tennis courts and an Olympic size swimming pool.

Outlaw country

, Willie Nelson, Waylon Jennings at Willie's 4th of July Picnic 1972.]] Nelson signed with Atlantic Records and released Shotgun Willie (1973), which won excellent reviews but did not sell well. Phases and Stages (1974), a concept album inspired by his divorce, included the hit single "Bloody Mary Morning". Nelson then moved to Columbia Records, where he was given complete creative control over his work. The result was the critically acclaimed, massively popular concept album, Red Headed Stranger (1975). Although Columbia was reluctant to release an album with primarily a guitar and piano for accompaniment, Nelson insisted (with the assistance of Waylon Jennings) and the album was a huge hit, partially because it included a popular cover of "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain" (written by Fred Rose in 1945). "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain" became Nelson's first number one hit as a singer.

Along with Nelson, Waylon Jennings was also achieving success in country music in the early 1970s, and the pair were soon combined into a genre called outlaw country ("outlaw" because it did not conform to Nashville standards). Nelson's outlaw image was cemented with the release of the album Wanted! The Outlaws (1976, with Waylon Jennings, Jessi Colter and Tompall Glaser), country music's first platinum album. Nelson continued to top the charts with hit songs during the late 1970s, including "Good Hearted Woman" (a duet with Jennings), "Remember Me", "If You've Got the Money I've Got the Time", "Uncloudy Day", "I Love You a Thousand Ways", and "Something to Brag About" (a duet with Mary Kay Place).

In 1978, Nelson released two more platinum albums, Waylon and Willie (a collaboration with Jennings that included "Mammas Don't Let Your Babies Grow Up to Be Cowboys", which was written and originally recorded as a hit single by Ed Bruce a couple of years earlier), and Stardust, an unusual album of popular standards. It was produced by Booker T. Jones. Though most observers predicted that Stardust would ruin his career, it ended up being one of his most successful recordings. Willie also had a notable success with the LP titled Half Nelson, including such great artists as Ray Charles.

Acting career

Nelson began acting, appearing in The Electric Horseman (1979), Honeysuckle Rose (1980), Thief (1981), and Barbarosa (1982). Also in 1982 he played "Red Loon" in Coming Out of the Ice with John Savage. In 1984 he starred in the movie Songwriter with Kris Kristofferson guest starring. He then had the lead role in the film version of his concept album Red Headed Stranger (1986), Wag the Dog (1997), Gone Fishin' (1997) as Billy 'Catch' Pooler, the 1986 TV movie Stagecoach (with Johnny Cash), The Dukes of Hazzard (2005) and Surfer, Dude (2008).

He has continued acting since his early successes, but usually in smaller roles and cameos, some of which involve his status as a cannabis activist and icon. One of his more popular recent cameos was a performance in Half Baked as an elderly "Historian Smoker" who, while smoking marijuana, would reminisce about how things used to be in his younger years. Nelson also appeared as himself in the 2006 movie Beerfest, looking for teammates to join him in a mythical world-championship cannabis-smoking contest held in Amsterdam. That same week Willie Nelson recorded, "Weed with Willie" with Toby Keith.

He has made guest appearances on Miami Vice (1986's "El Viejo" episode), Delta, Nash Bridges, The Simpsons, Monk, Adventures in Wonderland, Dr. Quinn, Medicine Woman, King of the Hill,The Colbert Report and Space Ghost Coast to Coast.

He played country singer-songwriter Johnny Dean in the 1997 film Wag the Dog. He played Uncle Jesse in The Dukes of Hazzard, the 2005 cinematic treatment of the television series, and was the only member of the big screen cast to reprise the role in the TV/DVD movie prequel (2007). He also briefly appeared in .

In 2008, Willie appeared in the movie Swing Vote where he played himself, an idol of the character played by Kevin Costner.

Hits, excesses, and Farm Aid

The Eighties saw a series of hit singles: "Midnight Rider" (1980), a cover of the Allman Brothers song, which Nelson recorded for The Electric Horseman soundtrack; "On the Road Again" (1980) from the movie Honeysuckle Rose; and "To All the Girls I've Loved Before" (a duet with Julio Iglesias). There were also more popular albums, including Pancho & Lefty (1982, with Merle Haggard), WWII (1982, with Waylon Jennings) and Take it to the Limit (1983, with Waylon Jennings).

In the mid-1980s, Nelson, Waylon Jennings, Kris Kristofferson, and Johnny Cash formed a group called The Highwaymen. They unexpectedly achieved success, including platinum record sales and worldwide touring. Meanwhile, he became more and more involved in charity work, such as singing on the We are the World single in 1984 and establishing the Farm Aid concerts in 1985.

In 1990, the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) seized most of his assets, claiming he owed $32 million in back taxes including penalties and interest. It was later discovered that his accountants had not been paying Nelson's taxes for many years. He released as a double album, with all profits going straight to the IRS. Many of his assets were auctioned and purchased by friends, who gave his possessions back to him or rented them at a nominal fee. He sued accounting firm Price Waterhouse, contending that they put him into tax shelters that were later disallowed. Nelson sent the legislators a case of red bandannas, T-shirts, and a case of whiskey with a note that read "Stand your ground." In 2005, Democratic Texas Senator Gonzalo Barrientos introduced a bill to name 49 miles of the Travis County section of State Highway 130 after Nelson. At one point, Barrientos had 23 of the 31 state Senators as co-sponsors.

Discography

Filmography

Books

Awards

Archives

An important collection of Willie Nelson materials (1975–1994) has been preserved at the Wittliff collections of Southwestern Writers, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas. The collection contains song lyrics, screenplays, letters, concert programs, tour itineraries, posters, articles, clippings, personal effects, promotional items, souvenirs, and documents. There are examples of Nelson's talent as a songwriter, material reflecting his success as a concert artist, and memorabilia. The collection contains documentation on how the funds collected through Farm Aid were used; Nelson's trouble with the IRS is also documented. Most of the material was collected by Bill Wittliff, a friend of Willie Nelson's who wrote or co-wrote three of the films in which Willie Nelson starred: Honeysuckle Rose (1980), Barbarosa (1982), and Red Headed Stranger (1986).

On June 23, 2010 Willie Nelson was inducted to the Library of Congress’s National Recording Registry.

See also

Academy of Country Music

Austin Dam (until 1911 failure, and afterward until 1942 failure) (in Pennsylvania in the US)

Best selling music artists

Country Music Association

Evergreen, Colorado

Inductees of the Country Music Hall of Fame

List of best-selling music artists

List of country musicians

Music of Austin

Further reading

Allen, Bob. (1998). "Willie Nelson." In The Encyclopedia of Country Music. Paul Kingsbury, Editor. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 374–6

References

External links

Willie Nelson at Rolling Stone

Willie Nelson discography at Discogs

Category:1933 births Category:Living people Category:9/11 conspiracy theorists Category:Abilene, Texas Category:American activists Category:American actors Category:American country guitarists Category:American country singers Category:American country singer-songwriters Category:American male singers Category:Artists from Louisiana Category:Baylor University alumni Category:Cannabis culture Category:American taekwondo practitioners Category:Challenge Records artists Category:Columbia Records artists Category:Country Music Hall of Fame inductees Category:English-language singers Category:Grammy Award winners Category:Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award winners Category:Grand Ole Opry members Category:Kennedy Center honorees Category:Lafayette, Louisiana Category:Liberty Records artists Category:Musicians from Texas Category:Psychedelic drug advocates Category:RCA Victor artists Category:Songwriters Hall of Fame inductees Category:Lost Highway Records artists Category:The Highwaymen (country supergroup) members

Name	Rick Simpson
Occupation	Set decorator
Yearsactive	1975 – 2006

Rick Simpson is an American set decorator. He won an Academy Award and was nominated for another in the category Best Art Direction.

Awards

Simpson won an Academy Award for Best Art Direction and was nominated for another: ;Won

Dick Tracy (1990)

;Nominated

2010 (1984)

Selected filmography

The Black Dahlia (2006)

Rules of Engagement (2000)

2 Fast 2 Furious (2003)

The Hunted (2003)

Rush Hour 2 (2001)

Little Nicky (2000)

Armageddon (1998)

Bulworth (1998)

Sgt. Bilko (1996)

Casino (1995)

Boys on the Side (1995)

The Pelican Brief (1993)

What's Love Got to Do with It (1993)

Born Yesterday (1993)

City Slickers (1991)

Predator 2 (1990)

Dick Tracy (1990)

Tequila Sunrise (1988)

Project X (1987)

Johnny Dangerously (1984)

2010 (1984)

The Star Chamber (1983)

Something Wicked This Way Comes (1983)

Personal Best (1982)

The Champ (1979)

Coma (1978)

Capricorn One (1977)

Silent Movie (1976)

References

External links

Category:Set decorators Category:Best Art Direction Academy Award winners Category:Year of birth missing (living people) Category:Living people

Name	Joe Rogan
Imagesize	200px
Caption	Joe Rogan performing at a comedy club after UFC 70
Birth date	August 11, 1967
Birth place	Newark, New Jersey, U.S.
Medium	Stand-up, Television, Podcast
Nationality	American
Active	1995–present
Genre	Satire, Blue Comedy, Observational Comedy
Subject	Recreational drug use, self-deprecation, race relations, marriage, everyday life, parenting, evolutionary biology, current events, politics (pertaining to drug use primarily)
Influences	Bill Hicks, Sam Kinison
Style	Kickboxing, Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu, Tae Kwon Do, J10th Planes Jiu-Jitsu
Rank	black belt in Tae Kwon Do brown belt in Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu brown belt in 10th Planet Jiu-Jitsu
Spouse	Mrs. Rogan (2009-Present) 1 child
Notable work	Joe Garelli in NewsRadioCo-Host of The Man ShowHost of Fear Factor

Joseph "Joe" Rogan (born August 11, 1967) is an American comedian, actor, adult entertainer, blogger, and color commentator for the Ultimate Fighting Championship.

Personal life

Religion and Spirituality

Rogan was raised Catholic.

According to Rogan, he is currently banned from the Comedy Store for violating the club's request that he not film his internet reality show there. According to Rogan, his agent and publicity firm (who also represents Mencia) demanded that he either apologize to Mencia or else be dropped from the agency. Rogan refused to apologize to Mencia, and was dropped from the agency.

Rogan has claimed that Dane Cook performed a bit on an episode of Premium Blend that Rogan had developed on I'm Gonna Be Dead Someday (sketch titled "Tigers Fucking"), and claimed to have performed the routine earlier in clubs with Cook present. However, this dispute seemed to be laid to rest between the two comedians when Cook appeared on Rogans's podcast entitled The Joe Rogan Experience.

Rogan has also strongly criticized Denis Leary for plagiarizing Bill Hicks.

The Joe Rogan Experience

In December 2009, Rogan began hosting a regular podcast with concurrent live Ustream availability. Frequently co-hosted by his support Brian "Redban" Reichle, the podcast features an array of guests from the pursuits of comedy, acting and Mixed Martial Arts. Now known as The Joe Rogan Experience, the show is regularly found in the Apple iTunes top 10 most downloaded comedy, and was named one of iTunes "Best of 2010" audio podcasts in its first year

Homophobic slur controversy

Posting on an online forum, in response to a piece of biased journalism, Rogan called MMA journalist Tomas Rios a faggot. Rios requested an apology for Rogan's use of the term. Rogan responed by posting an online letter stating that he was retiring using the word 'faggot' and ended the letter by letting Rios know that this wasn't an apology and that he was a 'cocksucker' instead.

Comedy recordings

I'm Gonna Be Dead Someday (CD) (August 22, 2000)

Live from the Belly of the Beast (DVD) (May 4–5, 2001)

Joe Rogan: Live (DVD) (September 1, 2006)

Shiny Happy Jihad (CD) (April 10, 2007)

Talking Monkeys In Space (CD & DVD) (2010) Comedy Central Records

References

External links

Fear Factor

Interview from August 2008

Joe Rogan on his UFC career

Category:1967 births Category:Actors from New Jersey Category:American color commentators Category:American comedians Category:American game show hosts Category:American stand-up comedians Category:American television actors Category:American television personalities Category:American people of Irish descent Category:Living people Category:Mixed martial arts broadcasters Category:People from Essex County, New Jersey Category:Psychedelic drug advocates Category:American practitioners of Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu Category:American taekwondo practitioners Category:Mixed martial arts people