Title	Forbes
Image file	Forbes building in NYC.jpg
Editor	Steve Forbes
Editor title	Editor-in-chief
Firstdate	1917
Country	United States
Based	New York City
Language	English
Website	forbes.com

Forbes is an American publishing and media company. Its flagship publication, the Forbes magazine, is published biweekly. Its primary competitors in the national business magazine category are Fortune, which is also published biweekly, and Business Week. The magazine is well-known for its lists, including its lists of the richest Americans (the Forbes 400) and its list of billionaires. The motto of Forbes magazine is "The Capitalist Tool." Its editor-in-chief is Steve Forbes.

Company history

in Manhattan (now owned by New York University)]] B. C. Forbes, a financial columnist for the Hearst papers, and his partner Walter Drey, the general manager of the Magazine of Wall Street, founded Forbes magazine in 1917. Forbes provided the money and the name and Drey provided the publishing expertise. The original name of the magazine was Forbes: Devoted to Doers and Doings. while B.C. Forbes became editor-in-chief, a post he held until his death in 1954. B.C. Forbes was assisted in his later years by his two eldest sons, Bruce Charles Forbes (1916–1964) and Malcolm Stevenson Forbes (1917–1990).

Bruce Forbes took over on his father's death, and his strengths lay in streamlining operations and developing marketing. Between 1961 and 1999 the magazine was edited by James Michaels. In 1993, under Michaels, Forbes was a finalist for the National Magazine Award. In 2006, an investment group Elevation Partners that includes rock star Bono bought a minority interest in the company. A 2009 New York Times report said: "40 percent of the enterprise was sold ... for a reported $300 million, setting the value of the enterprise at $750 million. According to Mark M. Edmiston of AdMedia Partners, 'It’s probably not worth half of that now.'"

The popularity of Forbes magazine has extended to mainstream and Hip-Hop culture. 50 Cent has released the official remix to his hit single, "I Get Money" off his September 11, 2008 album, Curtis, entitled Forbes 1,2,3 (also known as the "Billion Dollar Remix"). The title of the song comes from the fact that Jay-Z, 50 Cent, and Diddy were listed as Forbes' Top 3 money-making Kings of Hip-Hop, respectively. The unfinished video for Forbes 1,2,3 can be seen as the intro to 50 Cent's single, "I Still Kill" featuring Akon, off his multi-platinum album Curtis.

Other publications

Apart from Forbes and its lifestyle supplement, ForbesLife, other titles are published, including Forbes Asia and eight local language editions. Steve Forbes and his magazine's writers offer investment advice on the weekly Fox TV show Forbes on Fox and on Forbes On Radio. Other company groups include Forbes Conference Group, Forbes Investment Advisory Group and Forbes Custom Media. From the 2009 Times report: "Steve Forbes recently returned from opening up a Forbes magazine in India, bringing the number of foreign editions to 10. In addition, this year the company began publishing ForbesWoman, a quarterly magazine with a companion Web site."

The company also formerly published American Heritage and Invention & Technology magazines. After failing to find a buyer, Forbes suspended publication of these two magazines as of May 14, 2007. Both magazines have since been purchased by the American Heritage Publishing Company, and have resumed publication as of Spring 2008.

Forbes.com

David Churbuck founded Forbes Web site in 1996. The site uncovered Stephen Glass' journalistic fraud in The New Republic in 1998, an article that drew attention to internet journalism. At the peak of media coverage of alleged Toyota sudden unintended acceleration in 2010 it exposed the California “runaway Prius” as a hoax, as well as running five other articles by Michael Fumento challenging the entire media premise of Toyotas suddenly gone bad. The site, like the magazine, publishes many lists focusing on billionaires and their possessions, especially expensive homes, a critical aspect of the website's apparent popularity. See a list of lists below.

Forbes.com employs the slogan "Home Page For The World's Business Leaders" and sometimes claims to be the world's most widely visited business web site. The current president and chief executive officer is James J. Spanfeller; the current editor is Paul Maidment; the current managing editor is Carl Lavin, who succeeded founding managing editor Michael Noer and Dan Bigman.

According to Forbes.com, the Web site is among the most trusted resources for senior business executives, providing them the real-time reporting, uncompromising commentary, concise analysis, relevant tools and community they need to succeed at work, profit from investing and have fun with the rewards of winning.

Forbes.com also publishes subscription investment newsletters, and an online guide to web sites, Best Of The Web.

Forbes.com is part of Forbes’ Digital, a division of Forbes Media LLC. Forbes.com and affiliated properties include:

Forbes.com (site)

Investopedia.com (site)

Realclearmarkets.com (site)

Realclearsports.com (site)

Realclearpolitics.com (site)

Together these sites reach more than 27 million business people each month.

The 2009 Times report said that, while "one of the top five financial sites by traffic [throwing] off an estimated $70 million to $80 million a year in revenue, [it] never yielded the hoped-for public offering."

Lists

Wealth: • The World's Billionaires • The 400 Richest Americans • Australia & New Zealand's 40 Richest • China's 400 Richest • Taiwan's 40 Richest • Hong Kong's 40 Richest • India's 100 Richest • Japan's 40 Richest • Korea's 40 Richest • Malaysia's 40 Richest • Philippines 40 Richest • Singapore's 40 Richest • Indonesia's 40 Richest • Thailand's 40 Richest Companies: • 200 Best Small Companies • 400 Best Big Companies • America's Largest Private Companies • Asia's Best Under A Billion • Asia's Fab 50 Companies • Global High Performers • The Forbes 2000 • Top Micro finance Institutions People: • The Best Brokerage Analysts • 48 Asian Altruists • The Celebrity 100 • The Forbes Fictional 15 • The World's Most Powerful Women • Top Earning CEO's • Top-Earning Dead Celebrities • The World's Top-Earning Models Money & Investing • The 100 Best Mid-Cap Stocks • The 200 Largest U.S. Charities • The Best Brokerage Analysts • International Investing • The Investment Guide • Mutual Fund Guide Places • America's Best Colleges • Best Business Schools • Best Cities For Singles • Best Countries For Business • Best Places For Business And Careers • The Best States For Business • Most Expensive ZIP Codes Sports • The Business Of Baseball • Most Valuable NASCAR Teams • The Business Of Basketball • The Business Of Football • The Business Of Hockey • Most Valuable Soccer Teams • Top-Paid Tennis Stars Technology • The E-Gang • The Web Celeb 25 • The 25 Fastest-Growing Tech Companies • Tech's Top Deal Makers Education • America's Best Colleges • Best Business Schools • America's Best College Buys Food and Drink • World’s Most Expensive Fast Food • Ten Great Unfiltered Wines to Try • Ten Bordeaux and California Reds Head-to-Head • India’s Fine Wine Hotspots • The World’s Most Coveted Champagnes • Top-Earning Celebrity Chefs Health • Eleven Way to Boost Your Energy • America’s Fittest Cities • The World’s Diet Secrets • Ten Meals You Should Memorize • The Healthiest Foods on Earth • America’s Most Polluted Cities Real Estate • America’s Thriftiest Cities • World’s Most Expensive Cities to Live • America’s 25 Best Places to Move • America’s Most Congested Cities • America’s Fastest-Falling Cities • U.S. Cities Where It’s Hardest to Get By • America’s Top-Selling Luxury Neighborhoods • World’s 20 Best Places to Live • America’s Top 25 Towns to Live Well • America’s Most Expensive Zip Codes Style • World’s Most Stylish Cities • World’s Most Powerful Luxury Brands • Sneaky Ways You’re Lured to Shop • Winter Gear Worth the Buck • What Your Dog Says About You • Spa Treatments Too Bizarre To Believe • Most Powerful U.S. Fashion Magazine Editors Travel • Deluxe Designer Hotels • Wallet-Friendly Last-Minute Getaways • Travel Etiquette in the World’s Most Visited Countries • Hidden Treasures of the Middle East • World’s 10 Best Airports Vehicles • Toughest Cars on the Road • World’s Most Expensive Commutes • Highest Quality Cars of 2009 • Ten Cars That Changed the World • America’s Most Overpriced Cars • 2009’s Fastest Cars Under $100,000 • Best Convertibles of 2009 • Best Cars for Suburban Drivers • America’s Most Popular Car Colors • Most Affordable 2009 Vehicles

Notes

Further reading

Forbes, Malcolm S. (1974) Fact and Comment Knopf, New York, ISBN 0-394-49187-4; twenty-five years of the editor's columns from Forbes

Grunwald, Edgar A. (1988) The Business Press Editor New York University Press, New York, ISBN 0-8147-3016-7

Holliday, Karen Kahler (1987)A Content Analysis of Business Week, Forbes and Fortune from 1966-1986 Masters of Journalism thesis from Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, 69 pages, OCLC 18772376, available on microfilm

Kohlmeier, Louis M.; Udell, Jon G. and Anderson, Laird B. (eds.) (1981) Reporting on Business and the Economy Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, ISBN 0-13-773879-X

Kurtz, Howard (2000) The Fortune Tellers: Inside Wall Street’s Game of Money, Media, and Manipulation Free Press, New York, ISBN 0-684-86879-2

Tebbel, John William and Zuckerman, Mary Ellen (1991) The Magazine in America, 1741-1990 Oxford University Press, New York, ISBN 0-19-505127-0

Parsons, D. W. (1989) The Power of the Financial Press: Journalism and Economic Opinion in Britain and America Rutgers University Press, New Jersey, ISBN 0-8135-1497-5

External links

Official site

Advertising Information

A complete listing of all of Forbes' lists

Forbes India

Forbes Russia

Category:American business magazines Category:Publications established in 1917

Name	Steve Forbes
Birth date	July 18, 1947
Birth place	Morristown, New Jersey
Occupation	Publisher
Party	Republican

Malcolm Stevenson "Steve" Forbes, Jr. (born July 18, 1947) is an American editor, publisher, and businessman. He is the editor-in-chief of business magazine Forbes as well as president and chief executive officer of its publisher, Forbes Inc. He was a Republican candidate in the U.S. Presidential primaries in 1996 and 2000. He is the son of longtime Forbes magazine publisher Malcolm Forbes and the grandson of that publication's founder, B.C. Forbes.

Personal life and education

Forbes was born in Morristown, New Jersey, the son of Roberta Remsen (née Laidlaw) and Malcolm Forbes. He is of English, Scottish, French, and Dutch ancestry. He is married to Sabina Beekman, and they have five daughters. Daughter Moira was named Publisher of ForbesLife Executive Women in 2007. Just as his children would do, Forbes attended Far Hills Country Day School. He graduated cum laude in 1966 from Brooks School in North Andover, Massachusetts, and was in the Princeton class of 1970. While at Princeton, Forbes founded his first magazine, Business Today, with two other students. Business Today is currently the largest student-run magazine in the world.

In 1996, years after the death of his father, he changed the name credited to him on the Forbes magazine masthead from Malcolm S. Forbes Jr. to the name he had been known as throughout childhood, Steve Forbes. Forbes served as an occasional guest host on the show History's Business on the television channel History.

He was awarded an honorary doctorate in economics from Stevenson University on April 30, 2009.

Forbes is a member of Alpha Kappa Psi and Tau Kappa Epsilon.

Political career and views

Early political career

In 1985, President Ronald Reagan appointed Forbes as head of the Board of International Broadcasting (BIB), Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. An Inspector General's report cited his administration for overspending and lax management.

He helped craft Christine Todd Whitman's plan for a 30 percent cut in New Jersey's income tax over three years, and this plan proved to be a major factor in her defeat of incumbent Governor James Florio. After her election, Whitman proposed these tax cuts and they were enacted into law. Forbes made an issue of his role in these New Jersey tax cuts in his subsequent campaigns for the presidency.

Campaigns for President and major issues

Forbes entered the Republican primaries for President of the United States in 1996 and 2000, primarily running on a campaign to establish a flat income tax. He also supported the ideas of re-introducing 4 1/2% mortgages and term limits in 1996, but dropped both in 2000 (as they were minor planks in his overall platform).

When Forbes ran for president in 1996 and 2000, he sold some of his Forbes Inc. voting shares to other family members to help finance his run. He did not come close to securing the Republican nomination, despite winning the Arizona and Delaware Primaries in 1996 and getting some significant shares of the vote in other primaries. His stiff campaigning style was a major factor; Time Magazine called his stumping a "comedy-club impression of what would happen if some mad scientist decided to construct a dork robot." After dropping out early in the 2000 primary season, he returned to heading the magazine and company. During the 1996 campaign, insiders at Fortune alleged that stories about Forbes' advertisers became favorably biased toward them.

Major issues Forbes has supported include free trade, health savings accounts, and allowing people to opt out 75% of Social Security payroll taxes into Personal Retirement Accounts (PRAs). He supports traditional Republican Party policies such as downsizing government agencies to balance the budget, tough crime laws and support for the death penalty, and school vouchers, opposition to gun control and most government regulation of the environment, as well as drug legalization and same-sex marriage. This last was despite his father's increasingly flamboyant gay lifestyle before his death. In terms of foreign policy, he called for a "US not UN foreign policy" (which is composed of anti-IMF sentiments, pro-Israeli sentiment, opposition to Most Favored Nation status for the People's Republic of China, and anti-UN sentiment.) His flat tax plan has changed slightly. In 1996 he supported a flat tax of 17% on all personal and corporate earned income (unearned income such as capital gains, pensions, inheritance, and savings would be exempt.) However, he supported keeping the first $33,000 of income exempt. In 2000 he maintained the same plan, but instead of each person receiving an exemption of $33,000, it more closely resembled the Armey Plan (Forbes's version called for a $13,000 per adult and $5,000 per dependent deduction). Forbes himself is quite wealthy, with an admitted net worth in 1996 of $430 million. In response to this criticism, Forbes promised in his 2000 campaign to exempt himself from the benefits of the flat tax, although he did support the repeal of the 16th Amendment in a debate with Alan Keyes the previous year.

In his 2000 campaign, Forbes professed his support for social conservatism along with his supply-side economics. Despite holding opposite positions in 1996, for the 2000 campaign, Forbes announced he was adamantly opposed to abortion and supported prayer in public schools. The previous year Forbes had issued a statement saying he would no longer donate money to Princeton University due to its hiring of philosopher Peter Singer, who views personhood as being limited to 'sentient' beings and therefore considers some disabled people and all infants to lack this status. Steve Forbes was one of the signers of the Statement of Principles of Project for the New American Century (PNAC) on June 3, 1997.

Recent political career

In December 2006, Forbes joined the board of directors of the health care industry funded advocacy organization FreedomWorks. He is also a member of the board of trustees of the Heritage Foundation, an influential Washington, D.C.-based public policy research institute. He is a frequent panelist on the television program Forbes on Fox, which also features members of the Forbes magazine staff, and is shown Saturday mornings on Fox News Channel at 11:00 AM EST.

On March 28, 2007, Forbes joined Rudolph Giuliani's campaign for the 2008 presidential election, serving as a National Co-Chair and Senior Policy Advisor. Later in the 2008 presidential campaign, Forbes served as John McCain's Economic Adviser on Taxes, Energy and the Budget during McCain's bid for the 2008 Presidential election.

In December 2009, Forbes, in a nationwide mailer for the National Right To Work Committee, opposed union membership for police officers and firefighters, terming their representatives, "union czars," and requested that mailer recipients contact their congressional representatives with regard to HR 413.

Political Endorsements for 2010

On January 7, 2010 Forbes announced his endorsement of Dr. Rand Paul, Republican candidate for the U.S. Senate in the Commonwealth of Kentucky.

On January 28, 2010 he formally endorsed Marco Rubio, Republican candidate for the U.S. Senate in the State of Florida.

He endorsed incumbent U.S. Senator John McCain, Republican of the State of Arizona for re-election in 2010.

On July 28, 2010, he formally endorsed Peter Schiff, Republican candidate for the U.S. Senate in the State of Connecticut.

On August 13, 2010, he announced his endorsement of Jim Huffman, Republican candidate for the U.S. Senate in the State of Oregon.

On August 26th, 2010, Forbes formally endorseed Dr. Mariannette Miller-Meeks, Republican candidate for the U.S. House of Representatives in the 2nd Congressional District of Iowa

On September 2, 2010, Forbes formally endorsed State Representative Justin Amash, Republican candidate for the U.S. House of Representatives in Michigan's 3rd congressional district.

On October 12, 2010, Forbes formally endorsed Bill Hudak, Republican candidate for the U.S. House of Representatives in Massachusetts's 6th congressional district.

Political donations

Forbes was listed by Campaignmoney.com as the tenth most important contributor of political funds in America, for donations from 1999 to 2006, with 15 donations totaling over $7 million.

References

External links

Steve Forbes at Forbes

Steve Forbes for President 1996 Campaign Brochure

Forbes throws weight behind Giuliani

RightWeb profile of Steve Forbes

SourceWatch profile of Steve Forbes

Profile: Steve Forbes, Center for Cooperative Research.

"Capitalist Tool II: Defending Dynamism", interview with Reason by Virginia Postrel and Charles Oliver

"Confront Iran to bring oil prices down" April 2006 from $70+ to $15 per barrel

Kurt Schemers of Traders Nation Interview of Steve Forbes

An Interview with Steve Forbes at Free Market Mojo

Category:American chief executives Category:American magazine editors Category:American magazine publishers (people) Category:Heritage Foundation Category:People from Somerset County, New Jersey Category:Princeton University alumni Category:United States presidential candidates, 1996 Category:United States presidential candidates, 2000 Category:1947 births Category:Living people

Name	Scott Forbes
Birthname	Conrad Scott-Forbes
Birthdate	September 11, 1920
Birth place	High Wycombe, Buckinghamshire, England, UK
Deathdate	February 25, 1997
Deathplace	Swindon, Wiltshire, England, UK
Othername	C. Scott ForbesJulian Dallas
Yearsactive	1946-1970s
Spouse	Jeanne Moody

Conrad Scott-Forbes (11 September 1920 – 25 February 1997), popularly known as Scott Forbes, was a movie and television actor and screenwriter. In his later career as a screenwriter, he was credited as C. Scott Forbes.

Early years

Forbes was born in High Wycombe, Buckinghamshire, England. He attended Repton, a public school near Derby, England, and then studied Philosophy, Politics, and Economics at Balliol College, Oxford. He worked for the Ministry of Defence before settling on a performing career.

Following his few British productions, he moved to the U.S. and he quickly found film work. Consigned mainly to action roles in Warner Bros. films such as Rocky Mountain (1950) and Operation Pacific (1951), Forbes played more in-depth characters on TV. He was Maxim de Winter in "Rebecca" in a live performance for the Broadway Television Theatre in 1952. He also played the Duke of Cornwall in Peter Brook's 1953 television adaptation of King Lear with Orson Welles as Lear. One of his best known roles was on The Deep Six, which was a 1953 installment of NBC's Robert Montgomery Presents. In the 1955-1956 season, he guest starred in NBC's western anthology series Frontier.

On Broadway, Forbes appeared in two plays with Cedric Hardwicke, one of them directed by Hardwicke. Horses in Midstream had only four performances in 1953, while The Burning Glass played a slightly more successful 28 performances the following year.

In 1956 Forbes starred in the title role of The Adventures of Jim Bowie. This historically based series was an immediate hit with younger viewers, even though some adult reviewers criticized it for having too much violence. In preparation for the part Forbes trained with a former Miss Alabama, Jeanne Moody, to perfect a convincing Southern accent. He and Moody had married in 1954. The series rocketed Forbes to fame, but made it hard for him to find other parts.

After Jim Bowie ended in 1958, Forbes returned to England, where he became a frequent guest star in television dramas. In 1963 he played the lead in the world premier of Harold Pinter's play "The Lover" on the London stage.

Writing career

Pinter encouraged him to pursue his interest in writing, and in 1964 Forbes's own play, "The Meter Man", was produced. It was later made into the movie called "The Penthouse."

Forbes remained active as a screenwriter and television actor into the 1970s. In his later years, he shunned public life, pursuing his interests in writing and classical music.

He died in 1997 in Swindon, England, at the age of 76.

Selected filmography

Actor

Night Boat to Dublin (1946)

Mrs. Fitzherbert (1947)

But Not in Vain (1948)

The Reluctant Widow (1950)

Rocky Mountain (1950)

Operation Pacific (1951)

Charade (1953)

Subterfuge (1968)

Screenwriter

Perfect Friday (1970)

References

External links

Category:1920 births Category:1997 deaths Category:English film actors Category:English screenwriters Category:People from High Wycombe Category:Old Reptonians Category:Alumni of Balliol College, Oxford

Name	Ron Paul
Image name	Ron Paul, official Congressional photo portrait, 2007.jpg|thumb|Paul's Congressional portrait
Birth date	August 20, 1935
Birth place	Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
State	Texas
District	14th
Term start	January 3, 1997
Preceded	Greg Laughlin
State2	Texas
District2	22nd
Term start2	January 3, 1979
Term end2	January 3, 1985
Preceded2	Robert Gammage
Succeeded2	Tom DeLay
Term start3	April 3, 1976
Term end3	January 3, 1977
Preceded3	Robert R. Casey
Succeeded3	Robert Gammage
Party	Republican (1976–1988)Libertarian (1988 Presidential Election)Republican (1988–present)
Spouse	Carolyn "Carol" Paul
Children	Ronald "Ronnie" Paul, Jr.Lori Paul PyeattRandal "Rand" PaulRobert PaulJoy Paul-LeBlanc
Alma mater	Gettysburg College (B.S.)Duke University School of Medicine (M.D.)
Profession	Physician, Politician
Residence	Lake Jackson, Texas
Religion	Baptist
Website	U.S. House of Representatives Office of Ron Paul
Signature	Ron Paul signature.svg
Branch	United States Air ForceUnited States Air National Guard
Serviceyears	1962–19651965–1968

Ronald Ernest "Ron" Paul (born August 20, 1935) is an American physician and Republican Congressman for the 14th congressional district of Texas. Paul serves on the House Foreign Affairs Committee, the Joint Economic Committee, and the Committee on Financial Services, where he has been an outspoken critic of American foreign and monetary policy. He has gained prominence for his libertarian positions on many political issues, often clashing with both Republican and Democratic Party leaders. He is the Chairman of the House Financial Services Subcommittee on Domestic Monetary Policy. Paul has run for President of the United States twice, first in 1988 as the nominee of the Libertarian Party and again in 2008 as a candidate for the Republican nomination.

He is the founder of the advocacy group Campaign for Liberty and his ideas have been expressed in numerous published articles and books, including End The Fed (2009), and (2008). According to a 1998 study published in the American Journal of Political Science, Paul has the most conservative voting record of any member of Congress since 1937. His son Rand Paul was sworn in as a Senator for Kentucky in 2011, an event with made the elder Paul the first Representative in history to serve alongside a son or daughter in the Senate.

Personal life

Paul was born in Pittsburgh to Howard and Margaret (née Dumont) Paul. As a junior at Dormont High School, he was the 220-yard dash state champion. After earning an M.D. degree from the Duke University School of Medicine, he was a U.S. Air Force flight surgeon during the 1960s.

Paul has been married to Carol Wells since 1957. They have five children, who were baptized Episcopalian: Ronald, Lori, Rand, Robert, and Joy. Paul's son Rand is senator-elect of the state of Kentucky. They also have eighteen grandchildren and three great-grandchildren. He has four brothers. Two of them, including David Paul, are ministers. Wayne Paul is a Certified Public Accountant.

Early congressional career

While still a medical resident in the 1960s, Paul was influenced by Friedrich Hayek’s The Road to Serfdom, which led him to read many works of Ayn Rand and Ludwig von Mises. He came to know economists Hans Sennholz and Murray Rothbard well, and credits to them his interest in the study of economics. He came to believe that what the Austrian school economists wrote was coming true on August 15, 1971, when President Richard Nixon closed the "gold window" by implementing the U.S. dollar's complete departure from the gold standard. and welfare, Paul became a delegate to the Texas Republican convention and a Republican candidate for the United States Congress. In 1974, incumbent Robert R. Casey defeated him in the 22nd district. When President Gerald Ford appointed Casey to head the Federal Maritime Commission, Paul won an April 1976 special election to fill the empty seat. Paul lost some months later in the general election, to Democrat Robert Gammage, by fewer than 300 votes (0.2%), but defeated Gammage in a 1978 rematch, and was reelected in 1980 and 1982.

Paul was the first Republican representative from the area; he also led the Texas Reagan delegation at the national Republican convention. His successful campaign against Gammage surprised local Democrats, who had expected to retain the seat easily in the wake of the Watergate scandal. Gammage underestimated Paul's support among local mothers: "I had real difficulty down in Brazoria County, where he practiced, because he'd delivered half the babies in the county. There were only two obstetricians in the county, and the other one was his partner."

House of Representatives

Paul proposed term-limit legislation multiple times, at first in the 1970s in the House where he also declined to attend junkets or register for a Congressional pension while serving four terms. His chief of staff (1978–1982) was Lew Rockwell. In 1980, when a majority of Republicans favored President Jimmy Carter's proposal to reinstate draft registration, Paul argued that their views were inconsistent, stating they were more interested in registering their children than they were their guns. Also in 1976, the foundation began publication of the first monthly newsletter connected with Paul, Dr. Ron Paul's Freedom Report (or Special Report). It also publishes monographs, books, radio spots, and (since 1997) a new series of the monthly newsletter, Ron Paul's Freedom Report, which promote the principles of limited government.

On the House Banking Committee, Paul blamed the Federal Reserve for inflation, it is now available from the Ludwig von Mises Institute, to which Paul is a distinguished counselor.

In 1984, Paul chose to run for the U.S. Senate instead of re-election to the House, but lost the Republican primary to Phil Gramm. He returned to full-time medical practice In his House farewell address, Paul said, "Special interests have replaced the concern that the Founders had for general welfare. Vote trading is seen as good politics. The errand-boy mentality is ordinary, the defender of liberty is seen as bizarre. It's difficult for one who loves true liberty and utterly detests the power of the state to come to Washington for a period of time and not leave a true cynic."

1988 presidential campaign

In the 1988 presidential election, Paul defeated American Indian activist Russell Means to win the Libertarian Party nomination for president. Paul placed third in the popular vote with 432,179 votes (0.5%), Paul was kept off the ballot in Missouri, and received votes there only when written in, due to what the St. Louis Post-Dispatch called a "technicality".

As the "Libertarian standard bearer", Paul gained supporters who agreed with his positions on gun rights, fiscal conservatism, homeschooling, and abortion, and won approval from many who thought the federal government was misdirected. This nationwide support base encouraged and donated to his later campaigns.

According to Paul, his presidential run was about more than reaching office; he sought to spread his libertarian ideas, often to school and university groups regardless of vote eligibility. He said, "We're just as interested in the future generation as this election. These kids will vote eventually, and maybe, just maybe, they'll go home and talk to their parents."

After the election, Paul continued his medical practice until he returned to Congress. He also co-owned a coin dealership, Ron Paul Coins, for twelve years with Burt Blumert, who continued to operate it after Paul returned to office. He spoke multiple times at the American Numismatic Association's 1988 convention. In 1985 Ron Paul & Associates began publishing The Ron Paul Investment Letter and The Ron Paul Survival Report; it added the more controversial Ron Paul Political Report in 1987. Many articles lacked a byline, yet often invoked Paul's name or persona.

After his unsuccessful presidential bid in 1988, Paul returned to private medical practice and continued to allow the newsletters to be published bearing his name. For 1992, RP&A; earned $940,000 and employed Paul's family as well as Lew Rockwell (its vice-president and seven other workers. Murray Rothbard and other libertarians believed Rockwell ghostwrote the newsletters for Paul; Rockwell later acknowledged involvement in writing subscription letters, but attributed the newsletters to "seven or eight freelancers".

Paul considered running for President in 1992, but instead chose to support Pat Buchanan that year, and served as an adviser to his Republican presidential campaign against incumbent President George H. W. Bush.

Later congressional career

Campaigns

1996 campaign

In 1996, Paul was re-elected to Congress after the toughest campaign race he had faced since the 1970s. As Republicans had taken over both houses of Congress in the 1994 election, Paul entered the race hopeful that his Constitutionalist policies of tax cuts, closing federal agencies, and curbing the U.N. would have broader support than in the past. The Republican National Committee focused instead on encouraging Democrats to switch parties, as Paul's primary opponent, incumbent Greg Laughlin, had done in 1995. The party threw its full weight behind Laughlin, including support from House Speaker Newt Gingrich, Texas Governor George W. Bush, and the National Rifle Association. Paul responded by running newspaper ads quoting Gingrich's harsh criticisms of Laughlin's Democratic voting record 14 months earlier. While Paul was able to paint Morris as a tool of trial lawyers and big labor, Morris ran numerous ads about Paul's advocacy of federal drug law repeal.

Morris also accused Paul of authoring questionable statements in past newsletters, Paul's congressional campaign countered the statements were taken out of context. and that voters might not understand the "tongue-in-cheek, academic" quotes out of context. Further, the campaign rejected Morris' demand to release all back issues.

Paul went on to win the election in a close margin. It became the third time Paul had been elected to Congress as a non-incumbent. In both campaigns, the national Democratic Party and major unions continued to spend heavily on targeting Paul. On December 11, 2001, he told the independent movement that he was encouraged by the fact that the petition had spread the message of Constitutionalism, but did not expect a White House win at that time. Further prompting in early 2007 led him to enter the 2008 race.

Unlike many political candidates, Paul receives the overwhelming majority of his campaign contributions from individuals (97 percent in the 2006 cycle), and receives much less from political action committees (PAC's) than others, ranging from two percent (2002) to six percent (1998). The group Clean Up Washington, analyzing from 2000 to mid-2006, listed Paul as seventh-lowest in PAC receipts of all House members; one of the lowest in lobbyist receipts; and fourth-highest in small-donor receipts. He had the lowest PAC receipts percentage of all the 2008 Republican presidential candidates.

Paul was re-elected to his tenth term in Congress in November 2006. In the March 4, 2008, Republican primary for his Congressional seat, he defeated Friendswood city councilman Chris Peden, obtaining over 70 percent of the vote. On the 2008 ballot, Paul won his eleventh term in Congress running unopposed. In the 2010 Republican primary for his Congressional seat, Paul defeated three opponents with 80 percent of the vote.

Relationship with district

, which is larger than Massachusetts.]] After 2003 Texas redistricting, Paul's district is larger than Massachusetts, with of Gulf of Mexico coastline between Houston and Rockport, Texas, covering some 22 counties. Even so, Paul opposes programs like federally funded flood insurance (typically supported by coastal and rural representatives) because it requires those outside flood zones to subsidize those within, but prohibits those within from choosing their own insurers. In an overwhelmingly rural region known for ranching and rice farms, Despite his voting against heavily supported legislation like farm bills, Paul's devotion to reducing government resonates with 14th district voters:

Paul adds his own earmarks, such as for Texas shrimp promotion, but he routinely votes against most spending bills returned by committee. Earmarks permit members of Congress, rather than executive branch civil servants, to designate spending priorities for previously authorized funds directed otherwise. In , Paul states his views on earmarks this way: "The real problem, and one that was unfortunately not addressed in the 2007's earmark dispute, is the size of the federal government and the amount of money we are spending in these appropriations bills. Cutting even a million dollars from an appropriations bill that spends hundreds of billions will make no appreciable difference in the size of government, which is doubtless why politicians and the media are so eager to have us waste our time on [earmarks]."

Paul also spends extra time in the district to compensate for "violat[ing] almost every rule of political survival you can think of,"

In March 2001, Paul introduced a bill to repeal the 1973 War Powers Resolution (WPR) and reinstate the process of formal declaration of war by Congress. Later in 2001, Paul voted to authorize the president, pursuant to WPR, to respond to those responsible for the September 11, 2001, attacks. He also introduced Sunlight Rule legislation, which requires lawmakers to take enough time to read bills before voting on them, after the Patriot Act was passed within 24 hours of its introduction. Paul was one of six Republicans to vote against the Iraq War Resolution, and (with Oregon representative Peter DeFazio) sponsored a resolution to repeal the war authorization in February 2003. Paul's speech, 35 "Questions That Won't Be Asked About Iraq", was translated and published in German, French, Russian, Italian, and Swiss periodicals before the Iraq War began. After a 2005 bill was touted as "slashing" government waste, Paul wrote that it decreased spending by a fraction of one percent and that "Congress couldn't slash spending if the members' lives depended on it." He said that in three years he had voted against more than 700 bills intended to expand government.

Paul has introduced several bills to apply tax credits toward education, including credits for parental spending on public, private, or homeschool students (Family Education Freedom Act); for salaries for all K–12 teachers, librarians, counselors, and other school personnel; and for donations to scholarships or to benefit academics (Education Improvement Tax Cut Act). In accord with his political positions, he has also introduced the Sanctity of Life Act, the We the People Act, and the American Freedom Agenda Act.

List of bills sponsored and cosponsored

The following tables link to the Congressional Record hosted by the Library of Congress. All the specifics and actions taken for each individual bill Ron Paul has either sponsored or cosponsored can be reviewed further there. "Original bills" and "Original amendments" indicate instances where Ron Paul had pledged to support the legislation at the time the bill was initially introduced rather than at some other point during the legislative process of the bill. {| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin:1em auto 1em auto; font-size:90%; border:0; text-align:left; line-height:150%;" |+ Rep. Ron Paul – U.S. House of Representatives – [R-TX-14] |- !Years Covered !All bills sponsored !All amendments sponsored !All bills cosponsored !All amendments cosponsored !Original bills cosponsored !Original amendments cosponsored !Bill support withdrawn !Amendment support withdrawn |- |1997-98 |32 |7 |223 |0 |76 |0 |0 |0 |- |1999-00 |51 |8 |316 |0 |119 |0 |0 |0 |- |2001-02 |64 |4 |323 |0 |104 |0 |1 |0 |- |2003-04 |68 |8 |354 |0 |150 |0 |0 |0 |- |2005-06 |71 |8 |393 |0 |141 |0 |0 |0 |- |2007-08 |70 |0 |443 |0 |160 |0 |0 |0 |- |2009-10 |41 |0 |120 |0 |69 |0 |0 |0 |}

Note: The numbers for the current session of Congress may no longer reflect the actual numbers as they are still actively in session.

Affiliations

Paul serves on the House Foreign Affairs Committee (having been on the Western Hemisphere and the Asia and Pacific subcommittees); the Joint Economic Committee; and the Committee on Financial Services (as Ranking Member of the Domestic and International Monetary Policy, Trade and Technology subcommittee, and Vice-Chair of the Oversight and Investigations subcommittee).

Paul was honorary chair of, and is a current member of, the Republican Liberty Caucus, a political action committee which describes its goal as electing "liberty-minded, limited-government individuals". Paul also hosts a luncheon every Thursday as chair of the Liberty Caucus, composed of 20 members of Congress. Washington DC area radio personality Johnny "Cakes" Auville gave Paul the idea for the Liberty Caucus and is a regular contributing member. He remains on good terms with the Libertarian Party and addressed its 2004 convention. He also was endorsed by the Constitution Party's 2004 presidential candidate, Michael Peroutka.

Paul was on a bipartisan coalition of 17 members of Congress that sued President Bill Clinton in 1999 over his conduct of the Kosovo war. They accused Clinton of failing to inform Congress of the action's status within 48 hours as required by the War Powers Resolution, and of failing to obtain Congressional declaration of war. Congress had voted 427–2 against a declaration of war with Yugoslavia, and had voted to deny support for the air campaign in Kosovo. A federal judge dismissed the lawsuit, ruling that since Congress had voted for funding after Clinton had actively engaged troops in the war with Kosovo, legislators had sent a confusing message about whether they approved of the war. Paul said that the judge's decision attempted to circumvent the Constitution and to authorize the president to conduct a war without approval from Congress.

Committee assignments

Rep. Paul serves on the following committee and subcommittees.

Committee on Financial Services

*Subcommittee on Domestic Monetary Policy and Technology

*Subcommittee on International Monetary Policy and Trade

*Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations

Committee on Foreign Affairs

*Subcommittee on International Organizations, Human Rights, and Oversight

*Subcommittee on the Western Hemisphere

Joint Economic Committee

2008 presidential campaign

Liberty Forum.]] in Manchester.]]

Republican primary campaign

Paul formally declared his candidacy for the 2008 Republican nomination on March 12, 2007, on C-SPAN. His campaign had intense grassroots support—his supporters were said to "always show up"—and he had dozens of wins in GOP straw polls.

Paul's campaign showed "surprisingly strong" fundraising with several record-breaking events. He had the highest rate of military contribution for 2008, and donations coming from individuals, aided significantly by an online presence and very active campaigning by supporters, who organized moneybomb fundraisers netting millions over several months. Such fundraising earned Paul the status of having raised more than any other Republican candidate in 2007's fourth-quarter. Paul's name was a number-one web search term as ranked by Technorati, beginning around May 2007. He has led other candidates in YouTube subscriptions since May 20, 2007.

Paul was largely ignored by traditional media, including at least one incident where FOX News did not invite him to a GOP debate featuring all other presidential candidates at the time. One exception was Glenn Beck's program on Headline News, where Beck interviewed Paul for the full hour of his show.

Though projections of 2008 Republican delegate counts varied widely, Paul's count was consistently third among the three candidates remaining after Super Tuesday. According to CNN and the New York Times, by Super Tuesday Paul had received five delegates in North Dakota, and was projected to receive two in Iowa, four in Nevada, and five in Alaska based on caucus results, totaling 16 delegates. However, Paul's campaign projected 42 delegates based on the same results, including delegates from Colorado, Maine, and Minnesota.

In the January Louisiana caucus, Paul placed second behind John McCain, but uncommitted delegates outnumbered both candidates' pledged delegates, since a registration deadline had been extended to January 12. Paul said he had the greatest number of pledged Louisiana delegates who had registered by the original January 10 deadline, and formally challenged the deadline extension and the Louisiana GOP's exclusion of voters due to an outdated list; he projected three Louisiana delegates. The Super Tuesday West Virginia caucus was won by Mike Huckabee, whose state campaign coordinators reportedly arranged to give three Huckabee delegates to Paul in exchange for votes from Paul's supporters. Huckabee has not confirmed this delegate pledge.

Paul's preference votes in primaries and caucuses began at 10 percent in Iowa (winning Jefferson County) and eight percent in New Hampshire, where he had the support of state sovereignty champion, State Representative Dan Itse; on Super Tuesday they ranged from 25 percent in Montana and 21 percent in North Dakota caucuses, where he won several counties, to three percent in several state primaries, averaging under 10 percent in primaries overall. After sweeping four states on March 4, McCain was widely projected to have a majority of delegates pledged to vote for him in the September party convention. Paul obliquely acknowledged McCain on March 6: "Though victory in the political sense [is] not available, many victories have been achieved due to hard work and enthusiasm." He continued to contest the remaining primaries, having added, "McCain has the nominal number ... but if you're in a campaign for only gaining power, that is one thing; if you're in a campaign to influence ideas and the future of the country, it's never over." Paul's recent book, , became a New York Times and Amazon.com bestseller immediately upon release. His newest book, End the Fed, has been released.

On June 12, 2008, Paul withdrew his bid for the Republican nomination, citing his resources could be better spent on improving America. Some of the $4 million remaining campaign contributions was invested into the new political action and advocacy group called Ron Paul's Campaign for Liberty. Paul told the newsmagazine NOW on PBS the goal of the Campaign for Liberty is to "spread the message of the Constitution and limited government, while at the same time organizing at the grassroots level and teaching pro-liberty activists how to run effective campaigns and win elections at every level of government."

Newsletter controversy

Controversial claims made in Ron Paul's newsletters, written in the first person, included statements such as "Boy, it sure burns me to have a national holiday for that pro-communist philanderer Martin Luther King. I voted against this outrage time and time again as a Congressman. What an infamy that Ronald Reagan approved it! We can thank him for our annual Hate Whitey Day." Along with "even in my little town of Lake Jackson, Texas, I've urged everyone in my family to know how to use a gun in self defense. For the animals are coming." Another notable statement that garnered controversy was "opinion polls consistently show only about 5% of blacks have sensible political opinions, if you have ever been robbed by a black teen-aged male, you know how unbelievably fleet-footed they can be" An issue from 1992 refers to carjacking as the "hip-hop thing to do among the urban youth who play unsuspecting whites like pianos." In an article title "The Pink House" the newsletter wrote that " "Homosexuals, not to speak of the rest of society, were far better off when social pressure forced them to hide their activities."

Shortly afterwards, The New Republic released many previously unpublicized quotations attributed to Paul in James Kirchick's "Angry White Man" article. Kirchick accused Paul of having made racist, sexist, and derogatory comments geared towards African Americans, women, and the LGBT community. Kircheck also accused Paul of possessing "an obsession with conspiracies, sympathy for the right-wing militia movement, and deeply held bigotry." CNN anchor Wolf Blitzer that the writing "Didn't sound like the Ron Paul I've come to know." Later, Nelson Linder, president of the Austin chapter of the NAACP, also defended Paul.

Reason republished Paul's 1996 defense of the newsletters, and later reported evidence from "a half-dozen longtime libertarian activists" that Lew Rockwell had been the chief ghostwriter.

Paul had given his own account of the newsletters in March 2001, stating the documents were authored by ghostwriters, and that while he did not author the challenged passages, he bore "some moral responsibility" for their publication.

Support for third party candidates

On September 5, 2008, the Constitution Party of Montana removed Chuck Baldwin from their presidential ticket, replacing him with Ron Paul for president and Michael Peroutka for vice president. Paul made an announcement stating that he "was aware that the party planned to do this, and has said that as long as he can remain passive and silent about the development, and as long as he need not sign any declaration of candidacy, that he does not object." stating that that he did not "seek nor consent" to the Montana Constitution Party's nomination. stating that the request was sent to them too late. On September 4, 2008, a list of electors in Louisiana using the label "Louisiana Taxpayers Party" filed papers and paid $500 with the Secretary of State's Office. The congressman had reportedly invited presidential candidates Chuck Baldwin, Bob Barr, Cynthia McKinney, and Ralph Nader to the press conference, leading some to speculate that they would endorse Paul running for president on the ticket of either the Constitution, Libertarian or other third party.

On September 10, 2008, Paul confirmed his "open endorsement" (CNN) for the four candidates at a press conference in Washington D.C. He also revealed that he had rejected a request for an endorsement of John McCain. He later appeared on CNN's The Situation Room with Wolf Blitzer with Nader where they presented and briefly laid out the four principles that all the independent candidates had agreed on as the most important key issues of the presidential race. On September 22, 2008, in response to a written statement by Bob Barr, Paul abandoned his former neutral stance and announced his support of Chuck Baldwin in the 2008 presidential election.

In the 2008 general election, Paul still received 41,905 votes despite not actively running for the seat. He was listed on the ballot in Montana on the Constitution Party label, and in Louisiana on the "Louisiana Taxpayers Party" ticket, and received write-in votes in California (17,006), Pennsylvania (3,527), New Hampshire (1,092), and other states. (Not all U.S. jurisdictions require the counting or reporting of write-in votes.)

Post presidential campaign activities

On February 26, 2009, Ron Paul was a key speaker at the Conservative Political Action Conference in Washington, D.C., speaking for 20 minutes on topics including monetary theory and policy in the United States, in addition to the War in Iraq, and international foreign policy. Paul's Campaign for Liberty sent 140 volunteers to CPAC 2009 to distribute materials, and significantly increased that number the following year.

In the 2009 CPAC Presidential Preference straw poll for the 2012 election, Paul tied 2008 GOP Vice-Presidential candidate Sarah Palin for third place with 13% of the vote, behind fellow former candidate Mitt Romney and Louisiana Governor Bobby Jindal. However, in the 2010 CPAC straw poll, he came out on top, decisively winning with 31%, followed distantly by Mitt Romney, Sarah Palin, and Tim Pawlenty of Minnesota, among others. In the 2010 Southern Republican Leadership Conference straw poll, Paul finished second place with 24% of the vote (438 votes), behind only Mitt Romney (with 439 votes). An April 2010 Rasmussen poll found that Ron Paul and President Obama were nearly tied for the 2012 presidential election among likely voters, although later polls showed him trailing significantly. He also trails in polls for the Republican presidential nomination, typically behind Mitt Romney, Sarah Palin, Mike Huckabee, and Newt Gingrich.

Speculated 2012 presidential run

There is speculation among pundits and journalists regarding the prospect of Paul running for president again in 2012. When Paul's wife, Carol, was asked if he would run in 2012 her response was "If you would ask him now he would probably say 'no', but he did say...things are happening so quickly and fast in our country, if we're at a crisis period and they need someone...with the knowledge he has...then he would do it."

Jesse Benton, Senior VP of Campaign for Liberty, has said of the prospective run: "If the decision had to be made today, it would be 'no', but he is considering it very strongly and there is a decent likelihood that he will. A lot of it depends on things going on in his personal life and also what's going on in the country."

As part of an effort to encourage Ron Paul to run for president in 2012, a Tea Party moneybomb has been set up with the aim of repeating the 2007 Ron Paul Tea Party moneybomb, which gave Paul's 2008 presidential campaign over $6 million in one day. The goal of The Ron Paul Tea Party is to have 100,000 people donate $100 each on December 16, 2010 to kick off Paul's 2012 presidential run, should he decide to run.

Political positions

Convention in Kansas City, Missouri, June 15, 2007.]]

Paul has been described as conservative, Constitutionalist, and libertarian. reflects both his medical degree and his insistence that he will "never vote for legislation unless the proposed measure is expressly authorized by the Constitution." One scoring method published in the American Journal of Political Science found Paul the most conservative of all 3,320 members of Congress from 1937 to 2002. Paul's foreign policy of nonintervention made him the only 2008 Republican presidential candidate to have voted against the Iraq War Resolution in 2002. He advocates withdrawal from the United Nations, and from the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, for reasons of maintaining strong national sovereignty. He supports free trade, rejecting membership in the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and the World Trade Organization as "managed trade". He supports tighter border security and opposes welfare for illegal aliens, birthright citizenship and amnesty; he voted for the Secure Fence Act of 2006. He voted for the Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Terrorists in response to the September 11, 2001, attacks, but suggested war alternatives such as authorizing the president to grant Letters of Marque and Reprisal targeting specific terrorists.

Paul adheres deeply to Austrian school economics; he has authored six books on the subject, and displays pictures of Austrian school economists Friedrich Hayek, Murray Rothbard, and Ludwig von Mises (as well as of Grover Cleveland) he cast two thirds of all the lone negative votes in the House during a 1995–1997 period. and states he has never voted to approve a budget deficit. Paul believes that the country could abolish the individual income tax by scaling back federal spending to its fiscal year 2000 levels; financing government operations would primarily come through the corporate income tax, excise taxes and tariffs. He supports eliminating most federal government agencies, calling them unnecessary bureaucracies. Paul also believes the longterm erosion of the U.S. dollar's purchasing power through inflation is attributable to its lack of any commodity backing. However, Paul does not support a complete return to a gold standard, instead preferring to legitimize gold and silver as legal tender and to remove the sales tax on them. He also advocates gradual elimination of the Federal Reserve System.

Paul supports constitutional rights, such as the right to keep and bear arms, and habeas corpus for political detainees. He opposes the Patriot Act, federal use of torture, presidential autonomy, a national ID card, domestic surveillance, and the draft. Citing the Ninth and Tenth Amendments, Paul advocates states' rights to decide how to regulate social matters not directly found in the Constitution. Paul calls himself "strongly pro-life", "an unshakable foe of abortion", and believes regulation or ban on medical decisions about maternal or fetal health is "best handled at the state level". He says his years as an obstetrician led him to believe life begins at conception; his abortion-related legislation, like the Sanctity of Life Act, is intended to negate Roe v. Wade and to get "the federal government completely out of the business of regulating state matters." Paul also believes that the notion of the separation of church and state is currently misused by the court system: "In case after case, the Supreme Court has used the infamous 'separation of church and state' metaphor to uphold court decisions that allow the federal government to intrude upon and deprive citizens of their religious liberty."

He opposes federal regulation of the death penalty, of education, and of marriage, and supports revising the military's "don't ask, don't tell" policy to focus on disruptive sexual behavior (whether heterosexual or homosexual). As a free-market environmentalist, he asserts private property rights in relation to environmental protection and pollution prevention. He also opposes the federal War on Drugs, and thinks the states should decide whether to regulate or deregulate drugs such as medical marijuana. Paul pushes to eliminate federal involvement in and management of health care, which he argues would allow prices to drop due to the fundamental dynamics of a free market. He is an outspoken proponent for increased ballot access for 3rd party candidates and numerous election law reforms which he believes would allow more voter control. Ron Paul has also stated that “The government shouldn't be in the medical business." He is also opposed to government flu inoculation programs.

Paul takes a critical view of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, arguing that it was unconstitutional and did not improve race relations.

Books authored

Other contributions

References

External links

Ron Paul's Personal Website, books, articles, links to political sites connected with Ron Paul

RonPaul.com speeches, essays, interviews, photos and videos

Ron Paul Library articles and speeches by Ron Paul

Ron Paul Forums

;Congress

U.S. House of Representatives Office of Ron Paul

Congressional campaign website

;Organizations Founded

Ron Paul's Campaign for Liberty

Ron Paul's Liberty PAC

Ron Paul's F.R.E.E. Foundation – The Foundation for Rational Economics and Education

;Presidential campaign

NOW on PBS "Ron Paul and Internet Politics". Also, a September 2008 NOW on PBS interview with Ron Paul

PBS NewsHour with Jim Lehrer — Vote 2008: Ron Paul

Category:1935 births Category:Living people Category:American anti-Iraq War activists Category:American foreign policy writers Category:American libertarians Category:American physicians Category:American political writers Category:American writers of German descent Category:Baptists from the United States Category:Classical liberals Category:Conservatism in the United States Category:Drug policy reform activists Category:Duke University alumni Category:Gettysburg College alumni Category:Internet memes Category:Libertarian Party (United States) presidential nominees Category:Libertarian theorists Category:Members of the United States House of Representatives from Texas Category:Military physicians Category:People from Allegheny County, Pennsylvania Category:People from Brazoria County, Texas Category:Physicians from Texas Category:Politicians from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Category:Texas Republicans Category:Texas Libertarians Category:United States Air Force officers Category:United States presidential candidates, 1988 Category:United States presidential candidates, 2008 Category:University of Pittsburgh people

Name	Michelle Forbes
Caption	Michelle Forbes at True Blood premiere party
Birth name	Michelle Renee Forbes Guajardo
Birth date	January 08, 1965
Birth place	Austin, Texas, U.S.
Occupation	Actress
Years active	1987—
Spouse	Ross Kettle (1990-?)(divorced)

Michelle Renee Forbes Guajardo (born January 8, 1965), known professionally as Michelle Forbes, is an American actress who has built a career of work in television and independent film and has acted in productions in both the United States and in the United Kingdom. Forbes first gained attention from her dual role in daytime soap opera Guiding Light, for which she received a Daytime Emmy Award nomination.

Although she has appeared in significant roles in movies such as Escape From LA, Kalifornia and Swimming with Sharks, Forbes is known for her recurring appearances on genre and drama shows such as and during the 1990s, while building her career with roles throughout the 2000s in Battlestar Galactica, 24, In Treatment and True Blood.

Life and career

Born in Austin, Texas, Forbes hoped to become a ballet dancer. She began receiving formal acting training at the High School for the Performing and Visual Arts in Houston. While on vacation in New York City at the age of 16, she found herself auditioning for a film; although she was not selected, she signed with the William Morris Agency and began her professional acting career. In 1987, at age 22, she landed the dual roles of Solita Carrera and Sonni Carrera Lewis on the daytime soap opera Guiding Light. She performed on the show for two years, receiving a Daytime Emmy Award nomination for her performance in 1990.

After this role, she continued in theater, which was an early love of hers, and began appearing in small guest roles on television to raise her profile. She went on to make guest appearances on a few other TV shows (including and Father Dowling Mysteries) before landing the recurring role of Ro Laren on Star Trek: The Next Generation. Her portrayal of disgraced Bajoran Starfleet officer Ensign Ro won her many fans among the genre community, and her character quickly became a favorite despite appearing in just eight episodes.

Rather than reprise the role of Ro for spin-off , Forbes declined the offer for a primary role in that series and decided to focus on a career in films. She received praise, as well as a Saturn Award nomination from the Academy of Science Fiction, Fantasy & Horror Films, for her performance as the photographer Carrie Laughlin in the 1993 thriller Kalifornia. This was followed with the lead female role in the acclaimed 1994 black comedy Swimming with Sharks, as well as supporting roles in such films as The Road Killers, Just Looking and John Carpenter's 1996 science fiction/action sequel Escape from L.A. She continued performing on television during this period, with guest spots on Seinfeld, The Outer Limits, as well as returning to Star Trek: The Next Generation to tie up the Ro Laren storyline in the series' .

In 1996, Forbes joined the cast of NBC's popular police drama , playing chief medical examiner Julianna Cox. She remained with the show for two years, then was let go as part of a major cast overhaul (the series would be canceled after one more season). However, she would reprise the role in the 2000 TV special Homicide: The Movie. That same year, Forbes became a regular on Wonderland, an ABC series, but it was pulled from the air after only two episodes. Forbes was next seen in a recurring role on the police drama The District.

She was subsequently given roles in films such as 2001's Perfume and 2002's American Girl, as well as the 2001 British TV movie Messiah (for which she studied British sign language for a week) and its sequel installments: Messiah 2: Vengeance is Mine in 2002 and Messiah III in 2003. During the 2002-2003 TV season, Forbes played the recurring character of Lynne Kresge, the aide to the President of the United States, on the second season of the action series 24. Actor Dennis Haysbert, who played President Palmer, reportedly was a big Star Trek fan and excited to work with her given her history with the show. She followed her role on 24 with a guest spot on Alias, then went on to play Admiral Helena Cain in three episodes of the re-imagining of the classic sci-fi series Battlestar Galactica, as well as starring in the TV movie . She followed this up with a recurring role as Agent Samantha Brinker on the drama Prison Break and guest starred on Boston Legal and Lost.

Forbes starred as the lead in the adaptation of the comic-book Global Frequency, the single produced episode of which infamously leaked online the following year, eight months after the series failed to be picked up by Warner Bros. networks. This was the first instance of an unaired pilot episode leaking via P2P and BitTorrent clients.

Forbes returned to British television screens with guest roles in both Holby City and as a Mossad agent in Waking The Dead. In 2008, Forbes starred in two HBO drama series; In Treatment, portraying the wife of the central character, and in True Blood as a Maenad named Maryann Forrester. She reprised her semi-regular roles in both series in their respective second seasons in 2009, as well as joining the cast of the Canadian psychological drama series Durham County for its second season as Dr. Penelope Verity.

Credits and appearances

Cinema

{|class="wikitable" border="2" cellpadding="4" background: #f9f9f9; |- align="center" ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Year ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Title ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Role ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Notes (All works are U.S. productions unless stated) |- | rowspan="2"|1993 | Love Bites: The Reluctant Vampire | Nerissa | |- | Kalifornia | Carrie Laughlin | Nomination for a Saturn Award for Best Actress |- | rowspan="2" | 1994 | Swimming with Sharks | Dawn Lockhard | |- | Roadflower | Helen | |- | rowspan="3"|1995 | Just Looking | Mary | |- | The Chosen One | The Mother | |- | Black Day Blue Night | Rinda Woolley | |- | 1996 | Escape From LA | Brazen | |- | 1998 | Dry Martini | Valeria | |- | 2000 | Bullfighter | Mary | |- | 2001 | Perfume | Francene | |- | 2002 | Confessions of an American Girl | Madge Grubb | |- | rowspan="2"| 2004 | Dandelion | Ms. Voss | |- | Al Roach: Private Investigator | Dede Dragonfly | Voice-over, animated feature |- | 2009 | Diplomacy | U.S. Secretary of State | |- | 2010 | Highland Park | Sylvia | |}

Television

{|class="wikitable" border="2" cellpadding="4" background: #f9f9f9; |- align="center" ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Year ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Title ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Role ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Notes (All works are U.S. productions unless stated) |- | 1987-89 | Guiding Light | Dr. Sonni Carrera-Lewis | Multiple episodes |- | rowspan="3"|1991 | Father Dowling Mysteries | Gym Instructor | 1 episode |- | Shannon's Deal | | 1 episode |- | rowspan="2"| | Dara | 1 episode |- | 1991-94 | Ensign / Lt. Ro Laren | 8 episodes |- | 1993 | Love Bites | Nerissa | film |- | 1994 | Seinfeld | Julie | 1 episode |- | rowspan="2"|1996 | The Outer Limits | Jamie Pratt | 1 episode |- | The Prosecutors | Dist. Atty. Rachel Simone | TV movie |- | 1996-98 | | Dr. Julianna Cox | 32 episodes |- | 1998 | Brimstone | Assistant D.A. Julia Trent | 1 episode |- | rowspan="3"|2000 | | Dr. Julianna Cox | TV movie |- | The District | Helen York | 7 episodes |- | Wonderland | Dr. Lyla Garrity | 8 episodes (cancelled by ABC after 2 shows, remaining episodes broadcast by DirecTV in 2008) |- | 2001-04 | Messiah | Susan Metcalfe | 3 serial stories shown in multiple parts (UK production) |- | rowspan="3" | 2002 | ''Johnson County War | Rory Hammett | TV movie |- | Strong Medicine | Assistant District Attorney Jill Sorenson | 2 episodes |- | Fastlane | Lena | 1 episode |- | 2002-03 | 24 | Lynne Kresge | 18 episodes |- | rowspan="2" | 2004 | Love is the Drug | Reena | 3 episodes (Irish production) |- | Global Frequency | Miranda Zero | 1 unaired pilot, leaked online in 2005 |- | rowspan="2"| 2005 | Alias | Dr. Maggie Sinclair | 1 episode |- | The Inside | Zoya Petikof | 1 episode |- | rowspan="2"| 2005-06 | Battlestar Galactica | Admiral Helena Cain | 3 episodes |- | Prison Break | Samantha Brinker | 7 episodes |- | rowspan="2"| 2006 | Holby City | Rhetta Slattery | 1 episode (UK production) |- | Boston Legal | Juliette Monroe | 1 episode |- | rowspan="2"|2007 | Unthinkable | Jamie McDowell | TV movie |- | | Admiral Helena Cain | TV movie |- | 2007-08 | Waking the Dead | Sarah | 3 episodes (UK production) |- | 2008 | Lost | Karen Decker | 1 episode |- | rowspan="2" | 2008-09 | In Treatment | Kate | 15 episodes (to date) |- | True Blood | Maryann Forrester | 15 episodes |- | 2009 | Durham County | Dr. Pen Verrity | 6 episodes (to date) (Canadian production) |}

Video games

{|class="wikitable" border="2" cellpadding="4" background: #f9f9f9; |- align="center" ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Year ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Title ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Role ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Notes |- | 2004 | Half-Life 2 | rowspan="3"|Dr. Judith Mossman | rowspan="3"|Voice-over |- | 2006 | |- | 2007 | |- | 2009 | | Captain Gail Revas | Voice-over |- | 2010 | DC Universe Online | Circe | Voice-over |}

Awards and nominations

{| border="2" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse;" |- bgcolor="#B0C4DE" align="center" !Year !Award !Category !Production !Result |- | rowspan="2" | 1990 || Daytime Emmy Award || Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series || rowspan="2" | Guiding Light || |- |Soap Opera Digest Award || Outstanding Daytime Villainess || |- | 1993 || Saturn Award || Best Actress || Kalifornia || |- | 2003 || Screen Actors Guild Award || Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series || 24 || (shared with co-stars of 24) |- | 2010 || Saturn Award || Best Guest Starring Role in Television || True Blood || |- | 2010 || Screen Actors Guild Award || Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series || True Blood || (shared with co-stars of True Blood) |- |}

References

External links

"True Blood’s Michelle Forbes Adds a New Sexy Psycho to Her Repertoire", NYMag, Emma Rosenblum, 1/8/10

Michelle Forbes at Yahoo! Movies

Category:1965 births Category:American film actors Category:American soap opera actors Category:American television actors Category:Actors from Texas Category:Living people Category:People from Austin, Texas

Name	Gary Forbes
League	NBA
Height ft	6
Height in	7
Weight lb	220
Position	Swingman
Birth date	February 25, 1985 (age 25)
Highschool	Benjamin Banneker Academy(Brooklyn, New York)
College	Massachusetts
Team	Denver Nuggets
Number	0
Nationality	Panamanian
Career start	2008
Teams	Sioux Falls Skyforce (2008) Tulsa 66ers (2008-2009)Talk N Text Tropang Texters (2009)Carabobo Globetrotters (2009)Vanoli Cremona (2009-2010)Ironi Ramat Gan (2010)Denver Nuggets (2010–present)
Awards	2007-2008 Atlantic 10 Player Of The Year

Gary Orlando Forbes (born February 25, 1985 in Colón, Panama) is a Panamanian professional basketball player who plays for the Denver Nuggets. The 6 ft 7 in, swingman played college basketball initially at the University of Virginia, then transferred to the University of Massachusetts following his sophomore season at Virginia.

High school

Forbes and his mother moved to Brooklyn, New York when he was a child. He went on to attend and play basketball at Benjamin Banneker Academy in Brooklyn. He scored 1,512 points and grabbed 766 rebounds during his high school career, and established career records for points, rebounds and blocked shots. In local awards, he was selected the Newsday Player of the Year in Brooklyn as a senior, nominated for City Player of the Year, and earned first-team All-City and All-Tri-State honors. He was also a McDonald's All-American finalist.

As a junior, Forbes averaged 27 points, 11 rebounds and six assists a game. As a senior, he averaged 31 points, 13 rebounds, three assists and three blocked shots a game. That year, he scored 30 points and grabbed 10 rebounds in Benjamin Banneker's 75-69 loss to Lincoln High School in the Public School Athletic League "A" Championship game at Madison Square Garden.

College

Forbes was ranked as the #4 shooting guard, and the #20 overall prospect on ESPN's Top 100 for the incoming class of 2003. He committed to play at the University of Virginia, after also receiving scholarship offers from Georgia Tech and Mississippi State. Coach Pete Gillen's group of newcomers was ranked #17 on the list of top recruiting classes on Rivals.com.

As a freshman in 2003-04, Forbes played in all of Virginia's 31 games, starting in 17. He averaged 7.6 points and 4.0 rebounds per game. He finished second on the team in blocked shots (28) and steals (30). Tallied 22 points (season high) and 9 rebounds against Minnesota in the ACC – Big Ten Challenge. As a sophomore in 2004-05, Forbes played in 29 games, started 4, and averaged 9.4 points and 4.1 rebounds per game. Scored 23 (season high), on 8-11 shooting, in a loss at #4 North Carolina. After starting the game at Duke, Forbes tallied a double-double with 17 points and 10 rebounds.

Gillen resigned from Virginia after the end of the 2004-05 season, and Forbes decided to transfer out of the school. He transferred to the University of Massachusetts, and due to NCAA transfer rules, he was forced to sit out the 2005-06 season.

In the 2006-07 season, his first with the Minutemen, Forbes started in 23 of the team's 33 games. Playing behind established seniors Rashaun Freeman and Stephane Lasme, Forbes still averaged 13.0 points and 5.8 rebounds per game. He scored a career high 31 points and grabbed 14 rebounds in a game at Temple. Scored 20 or more points on three other occasions. Snared 16 rebounds in a game versus Richmond. Helped the Minutemen win their first Atlantic 10 title since the 1995-96 season. UMass also advanced to the second round of the NIT, their first post-season play since the 1999-2000 season.

Coming into his senior year in 2007-08, Forbes was named to Preseason Atlantic 10 Third Team. By the end of the regular season, he was averaging 20.3 points per game, tied for the league lead in scoring with Temple's Dionte Christmas. Forbes scored 25 or more points on six occasions, including a 29 point high at Northern Iowa. The A-10 honored him as the league's Player of the Year, and also placed him on the all-conference First Team. Forbes helped UMass make a deep run in the NIT, advancing past Syracuse, two-time defending NCAA champion Florida, and on to the final before falling to Ohio State. He was named to the NIT's All-Tournament team.

Forbes scored a total of 1,639 points over his college career (698 at Virginia, 1,128 at UMass).

2007 FIBA Americas Championship

In the summer of 2007, Gary played for Panamanian National Team in the FIBA Americas Championship in Las Vegas. In four games with the team he averaged 17.8 points and 4.5 rebounds a game. He scored a game high 29 points against Argentina.

Professional career

After UMass, Forbes participated in the NBA Pre-Draft Camp in Orlando in the summer of 2008. However, he was not selected in the 2008 NBA Draft. The Washington Wizards invited him to participate in their summer mini-camp, and he played in all 5 games, but he only averaged 3.8 points and 0.6 rebounds per game.

In August 2008, Forbes had signed with Italian club Basket Napoli, but the team soon dissolved.

Forbes was selected as the #4 overall pick in the NBA Development League's 2008 draft, by the Sioux Falls Skyforce. In the D-League's 2008-09 season, he played 22 games for Sioux Falls before being traded to the Tulsa 66ers, where he played in 30 games. Overall that season, Forbes averaged 17.4 points and 5.3 rebounds per game. He also participated in the league's All-Star weekend, finishing third in the Three Point Shootout.

Forbes then played several short stints with international clubs. May 2009: played for the Talk N Text Tropang Texters club in the Philippines. Played in 2 games, averaged 27.5 ppg. May/June 2009: played for Carabobo Globetrotters in Venezuela. Played 5 games. July 2009: signed with Italian club Soresina. August 2009: signed with Italian club Gruppo Triboldi. 2009-10: played for Italian club Vanoli Cremona. Played in 15 games, averaged 13.3 ppg. 2010: played for Ironi Kfar Hamaccabia Ramat Gan in the Israeli Basketball Super League. The club started 2-11 before Forbes joined, then went 4-5 the rest of the regular season with him. Forbes scored 28 in his team debut, then went on to average 20.3 ppg (best in the league). However, the team's poor season record forced them to the Relegation Playoffs, where they lost their series, and would be demoted to the National League in the 2010-11 season.

In July 2010, Forbes returned to the US for another shot at the NBA. He was invited to play with the Houston Rockets on their summer league team in Las Vegas. Forbes played in 4 of the team's 5 games, averaging 3.8 points and 3.0 rebounds per game.

On September 18, 2010, the Denver Nuggets invited Forbes to training camp. Playing in 8 games, Forbes averaged 19.0 minutes, 10.1 points, and 2.9 rebounds per game. He survived pre-season cuts and made the season roster.

Personal life

Forbes has diabetes, which has a history in his family. He has five older brothers.

References

External links

NBA Player File

Gary Forbes Player Info @ DraftExpress.com

UMass Player Bio

Player page on UMassHoops.com

Category:1985 births Category:American basketball players Category:American people of Panamanian descent Category:Basketball players from New York Category:Ironi Ramat Gan players Category:Living people Category:Panamanian basketball players Category:Shooting guards Category:Sioux Falls Skyforce players Category:Small forwards Category:Tulsa 66ers players Category:UMass Minutemen basketball players Category:Virginia Cavaliers men's basketball players Category:Denver Nuggets players Category:Undrafted National Basketball Association players

Daniel Landa (born November 4, 1968, Prague) is a Czech musician, actor and racer.

Landa began his musical career in 1987 when he along with David Matásek founded the oi! band Orlík. He graduated from the Prague Conservatory in the area of Music and Drama. After the break up of the band in 1992 he began his solo career. Daniel lives with his wife Mirjam Müller since 1990. They have a daughter Anastázie and twin daughters Roxana and Rozálie. He used to be interested in autocross, now he's interested in rallying. In 2003, collaborating with Roman Kresta, he founded the Malina foundation, which promotes safe driving.

Controversies

Landa was labeled controversial by his critics in the first years of his career. His first two albums revolved around skinheads and the song Bílá liga (White League) was obviously racist, particularly against the Romani.

Landa claims to have grown out of his racially biased debuts, and nowadays pronounces himself a patriot, although his critics call his opinions excessively nationalist. His initiative from 2005, an order "Ordo Lumen Templi", was compared to the proto-Nazist "Ordo Novi Templi" in media.

On 31 January 2008 Czech prime minister Mirek Topolánek cited his verse Dyť i to největší hovado má svůj strop! (Even the biggest idiot has his limit) from the song Forbes in the concept album Smrtihlav (1998).

Discography

# Orlík: Oi! (1990) # Orlík: Demise (Demision, 1991) # Valčík (Waltz, 1993) # Chcíply dobrý víly (The Good Fairies Died, 1995) # Krysař I. (The Pied Piper I, 1996), with other artists # Krysař II. (The Pied Piper II, 1996), with other artists # Pozdrav z fronty (Greeting From the Front, 1997) # Smrtihlav (1998) – with other artists # Konec (The End, 1999) # Best of Landa (2000) # 9mm argumentů (9mm of Arguments, 2002) # Vltava Tour (live) (2003) # Best of Landa 2 (2004) # Neofolk (2004) # Tajemství (The Secret, 2005) – with other artists # Bouře (live) (Storm, 2006) # Kvaska (Kvaska, 2007) # Touha (Desire, 2009) # Nigredo (Nigredo, 2009)

References

External links

Official Site

Category:1968 births Category:Living people Category:People from Prague Category:Czech singers

Name	China Forbes
Landscape	yes
Background	solo_singer
Born	April 29, 1970Cambridge, Massachusetts
Occupation	singer
Label	Heinz Records
Associated acts	Pink Martini
Url	http://www.chinaforbes.com/

China Forbes (born April 29, 1970) is an American singer and songwriter, best known as the lead singer of Pink Martini.

Forbes was born and raised in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Her father is American of French/Scottish descent, and her mother is African American. She attended Phillips Exeter Academy ('88), then studied visual arts at Harvard University, They became friends and met regularly to play music together.

It was announced at the Walt Disney Concert Hall in Los Angeles, CA, on New Year's Eve 2008, that China is expecting her first child. Her child, named Cameron, was born soon after.

References

External links

Official site

Pink Martini - band members biographical information

Category:Musicians from Oregon Category:American female singers Category:American stage actors Category:1970 births Category:Harvard University alumni Category:American musicians of French descent Category:American musicians of Scottish descent Category:African American actors Category:Living people Category:People from Cambridge, Massachusetts Category:Phillips Exeter Academy alumni Category:People from Portland, Oregon Category:Wrasse Records artists