in Uttarakhand]] The Yamuna (Sanskrit: यमुना,Urdu:جمنا sometimes called Jamuna or Jumna) is the largest tributary river of the Ganges (Ganga) in northern India. Originating from the Yamunotri Glacier at a height 6,387 mtrs., on the south western slopes of Banderpooch peaks, in the Lower Himalayas, it travels a total length of and has a drainage system of 366,223 km², 40.2% of the entire Ganges Basin, before merging with the Ganges at Triveni Sangam, Allahabad, the site for the Kumbha Mela every twelve years.

It crosses several states, Uttarakhand, Haryana and Uttar Pradesh, passing by Himachal Pradesh and later Delhi, and meets several of its tributaries on the way, including Tons, its largest and longest tributary, Chambal, which has its own large basin, followed by Sindh, the Betwa, and Ken. Most importantly it creates the highly fertile alluvial, Yamuna-Ganges Doab region between itself and the Ganges in the Indo-Gangetic plain. Nearly 57 million people depend on the Yamuna waters. With an annual flow of about 10,000 cubic billion metres (cbm) and usage of 4,400 cbm (of which irrigation constitutes 96 per cent), the river accounts for more than 70 per cent of Delhi’s water supplies. Just like the Ganges, the Yamuna too is highly venerated in Hinduism and worshipped as goddess Yamuna, throughout its course. In Hindu mythology, she is the daughter of Sun God, Surya, and sister of Yama, the God of Death, hence also known as Yami and according to popular legends, bathing in its sacred waters frees one from the torments of death . Yamunotri temple, a shrine dedicated to the goddess, Yamuna is one of the holiest shrines in Hinduism, and part of the Chota Char Dham Yatra circuit. Also standing close to the temple, on its 13 km trek route, that follows the right bank of the river, lies the Markendeya Tirtha, where the sage Markandeya wrote the Markandeya Purana .

A heavy freight canal, known as the Sutlej-Yamuna Link (SYL), is being built westwards from near its headwaters through the Punjab region near an ancient caravan route and highlands pass to the navigable parts of the Sutlej-Indus watershed. This will connect the entire Ganges, which flows to the east coast of the subcontinent, with points west (via Pakistan). When completed, the SYL will allow shipping from India's east coast to the west coast and the Arabian sea, drastically shortening shipping distances and creating important commercial links for north-central India's large population. The canal starts near Palla village near Delhi, and was to transfer Haryana's share of from Indus Basin, though state of Haryana has completed its portion, Punjab is against its construction, and the state legislature passed the "Punjab Termination of Agreement Act 2004", which declared earlier agreements null and void .

Management

The stretch of the river form its origin to Okhla in Delhi is called “Upper Yamuna”. A Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) was signed amongst the five basin states, namely Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarankhand, Haryana, Rajasthan and Delhi, on 12 May 1994 for sharing of the water of Upper Yamuna. This led to the formation of Upper Yamuna River Board under Ministry of Water Resources, whose primary functions are regulation of the allocation of available flows amongst the beneficiary states and also for monitoring the return flows; monitoring conserving and upgrading the quality of surface and ground water; maintaining hydro-meteorological data for the basin; over viewing plans for watershed management; monitoring and reviewing the progress of all projects up to and including Okhla barrage. The Central Water Commission started flood-forecasting services in 1958 with the setting up of its first forecasting station on Yamuna at Delhi Railway Bridge.

Geography and wildlife

The catchment area of the river, especially till its touches the plains, is replete with alpine, semi alpine, temperate and sub-tropical vegetation, and vast areas are under forest over, and supports extensive animal life.

Yamuna is the frontier of the Asian Elephant. West of the Yamuna, there are no elephants to be found over 900 km of the western Himalayas and their foothills. The forests of the lower Yamuna offer ideal corridors for elephant movement. The principal forests to be found here are of sal , khair (acacia) , and sissoo (rosewood) trees, and the Chir Pine forests of the Shivalik Hills.

Pollution

The waters of Yamuna distinguishable as "clear blue" as compared to silt-ridden yellow of the Ganges . However, due to high density population growth, rapid industrialization, today Yamuna is one of the most polluted rivers in the world, especially around New Delhi, the capital of India, which dumps about 58% of its waste into the river. Though numerous attempts have been made to clean it, the efforts have proven to be futile. Although the government of India has spent nearly $500 million to clean up the river, the river continues to be polluted with garbage while most sewage treatment facilities are underfunded or malfunctioning. In addition, the water in this river remains stagnant for almost 9 months in a year aggravating the situation. Delhi alone contributes around 3,296 MLD (million litres per day) of sewage in the river. The government of India over the next five years has prepared plans to rebuild and repair the sewage system and the drains that empty into the river. To address river pollution, certain measures of cleaning river have been taken by the Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF) of the Government of India (GOI) in 12 towns of Haryana, 8 towns of Uttar Pradesh, and Delhi under an action plan (Yamuna Action Plan-YAP) which is being implemented since 1993 by the National River Conservation Directorate (NRCD) of the Ministry of Environment and Forests. The Japan Bank for International Cooperation (JBIC) is participating in the Yamuna Action Plan in 15 of the above 21 towns (excluding 6 towns of Haryana included later on the direction of Supreme Court of India) with soft loan assistance of 17.773 billion Japanese Yen (equivalent to about Rs. 700 crore INR) while GOI is providing the funds for the remaining 6 towns added later. The Indian government's plans to repair sewage lines is predicted to improve the water quality of the river 90% by the year 2010..

However in 2009, the Union government admitted to the Lok Sabha (Indian Parliament), the failure of the Ganga Action Plan (GAP) and the Yamuna Action Plan (YAP), saying that "rivers Ganga and Yamuna are no cleaner now than two decades ago" despite spending over Rs 1,700 crore to control pollution. According to a CSE official these plans adopted the Thames model, which based on a centralized sewage treatment system, this meant that huge sum of money and a 24-hr power supply were needed to manage the treatment plants, while only 8-hr power supply was available, contributing to their failure.In August 2009, he Delhi Jal Board (DJB) initiated its plan for resuscitating the Yamuna’s 22 km stretch in Delhi by constructing interceptor sewers, at the cost of about Rs 1,800 crore .

In popular culture

In 2005, the award winning documentary Jijivisha was made on Yamuna.

Gallery

Further reading

References

External links

The Geography of the Rigveda

Yamuna Action Plan

Category:Rivers of India Category:Rivers of Uttarakhand Category:Rivers of Uttar Pradesh Category:Tributaries of the Ganges Category:Rigvedic rivers Category:Sacred rivers Category:Sanskrit words and phrases

Name	Sweta Mohan
Background	solo_singer
Birth name	Shweta
Born	1986, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
Place of birth	Trivandrum, Kerala, India
Father's name	Dr. Krishna Mohan
Mother's name	Sujatha Mohan
Current location	Chennai, India
Instrument	Vocalist
Genre	playback singing
Occupation	Singer

Shweta Mohan (Malayalam: ശ്വേതാ മോഹന്‍) is an Indian playback singer. She has sung in Malayalam, Tamil, Telugu and Kannada languages. She is the daughter of renowned singer Sujatha Mohan.

Education

She is a graduate from Stella Maris College.

Awards

2007 - Kerala State Award

2008 - Filmfare Award Malayalam

2008 - Asianet Film Award for Best Female Playback -Novel

Vanitha award

Film Critics Award

2007 - Sunfeast Isai Aruvi Award

2009 - Film Fare Award Malayalam

Major songs in Malaylam

Amma Mazhakarinu - Madambi

Kolakuzhal Viliketto - Nivedhyam

Kuyile Poonkuyile - Novel

Mampulli Kavil - Katha Parayumbol

Kilichundan Mavil - Romeo

Enthanennu - Goal

Mandarapoo Mooli - Vinodayathra

Yamuna Veruthe - Ore Kadal

Thottal pookum - Mos and Cat

Oru yathramozhi - Kurukshetra

Priyanumathram- Robinhood

Raakuyilin - Sulthan

Cheruthingal Thoni - Soole

Oru Naal - Thalappavu

Sundari Onnu- Lion

Mavin chottile-Oru naal varum

Major songs in Tamil

Amali Thumali - Ko

Vinnai Kaapan - Kaavalan

Kai veesee - Nandhalala

Eppadithaan Eppadithaan Solven Athai - Uthamaputhiran

Mama mama - Boss Engira Bhaskaran

Boom Boom Robo Da - Enthiran

Oh Maha Zeeya - Thamizh Padam

Pain Of Love - Thambikottai

Vizhiyil Un Vizhiyil - Kireedam

Nee Mutham Ondru - Pokkiri

Kanden Kanden - Pirivom Santhippom

Naan Tharai Nila - Rameswaram

Neethana Neethana - Sadhu Miranda

O Nenje - Sivi

Ini Achcham Achcham Illai - Indira

Major songs in Telugu

Chinukai Varadai- Village lo Vinayakudu

Amma Thale - Komaram Puli

Boom Boom Robo Ra - Robo

Piliche Pedavula Paina - Khaleja

Songs in Hindi

Baazi Laga - Guru

Khili Re - Raavan

References

See also

Sujatha Mohan

Category:1986 births Category:Living people Category:Indian female singers Category:Indian film singers Category:Indian Hindus Category:Kerala State Film Award winners Category:Kollywood playback singers Category:Malayalam playback singers

Name	Dasari Narayana Rao
Birth date	May 04, 1947
Birth place	india
Occupation	JournalistActorFilm DirectorFilm ProducerWriterPoliticianLyricistPublisherMagazine Editor
Party	Congress
Spouse	Dasari Padma
Website	www.dasarinarayanarao.co.in

Dr. Dasari Narayana Rao B.A. (born 4 May 1947, Palakol, West Godavari, Andhra Pradesh, India) is a politician, film director, and film producer. Narayana Rao directed about 150 films, produced 53 films and worked in more than 250 films as a dialogue writer and as a lyricist.

Beside graduating with a BA degree, he used to take part in scores of drama competitions. He was soon recognised as a potential stage artiste, screenwriter and director. During his career he also acted in Telugu, Tamil, and Kannada languages. He won Andhra Pradesh State Best actor award for his acting.

His Telugu movies, Thatha Manavadu, Swargam Narakam, Megha Sandesam, and Mamagaru brought him awards. He mainly took films on Anti Dowry issue and lady oriented, message oriented films. His Bobbili Puli and Sardar Paparayudu films played an important role in NTR’s political entry.

His acting Maama garu, Soorigadu, and Osey Ramulamma are some of the examples for his acting talent. They won critics praises and many awards. His other memorable films include Chillara Kottu Chittemma and Premabishekam. Muralimohan and Jayasudha were regulars in his movies. He introduced many artists and directors into Tollywood notable among them being Mohan Babu, R. Narayana Murthy, Raviraja Pinisetty, Mutyala Subbaiah etc. His 149th film Mesthri is scheduled to be released on 6 March 2009. Dasari Narayana Rao completed directing 149 films and planning to direct his 150th film with Yuva Ratna BalaKrishna named as "ParamVeeraChakra".

There are lot of acclaimed movies to his credit, like Bobbili Puli Osey Ramulamma etc.But from past few years his films have turned out to be disasters at the box office Osey ramulamma was his last hit in 1996. His movies were declared as outdated and doesn't have the elements that suits the present generation. Recently he was criticized by the telugu industry for lobbying in the nandi awards 2009 for bagging the best actor award for the year 2009.

Journalist

He launched a popular daily newspaper named Udayam to counter the effect of Ramoji Rao's newspaper Eenadu but failed to create any impcat. He created a sensation by interviewing PWG founder Kondapalli Seetharamayya.

Politics

During Rajiv Gandhi period, Dasari took active election campaigning for the Indian National Congress. After the assassination of Rajiv gandhi, he felt he was being distanced in the party circles. In the late 1990s, he planned to start his own political party Telugu Talli.

Later, Dasari was elected to the Rajya Sabha He became the Minister of state in Ministry of Coal. Said to be a confidante of Congress President Sonia Gandhi, Dasari once again became active in politics after Congress Party came back to power in 2004.

Filmography

# Tata Manavadu (1972) (Director debut) # Samsaram Sagaram (1973) # Banthrotu Bharya (1974) # Evariki Vare Yamuna Theere (1974) # Radhamma Pelli (1974) # Tirapathi (1974) # Swargam Narakam (1975) # Balipeetam (1975) # Bharatamlo Oka Ammayi (1975) # Devude Digivaste (1975) # Manushulanta Okkate (1976) # Muddabanthi Puvvu (1976) # O Manishi Thirigi Chudu (1976) # Padavoyi Bharatheeyuda (1976) # Thoorpu Padamara (1976) # Yavanam Katesindi (1976) # Bangarakka (1977) # Chillarakottu Chittamma (1977) # Idekaddi Nyayam (1977) # Jeevithame Oka Natakam (1977) # Kanya Kumari (1978) # Devadasu Malli Puttadu (1978) # Katakatala Rudraiah (1978) # Sivaranjani (1978) # Swarg Narak (1978) (Story, Screenplay and Director) # Gorintaku (1979) # Kalyani (1979) # Korikale Gurralaite (1979) # Needa (1979) # Peddillu Chinnillu (1979) # Ramude Ravanudaithe (1979) # Rangoon Rowdy (1979) # Jyoti Bane Jwala (1980) # Bandodu Gundamma (1980) # Bhola Shankarudu (1980) # Buchi Babu (1980) # Circus Ramudu (1980) # Deeparadhana (1980) # Edantastula Meda (1980) # Ketugadu (1980) # Natchatiram (1980) # Paalu Neelu (1980) # Sardar Paparayudu (1980) # Seeta Ramulu (1980) # Sreevari Muchatlu (1980) # Swapna (1980) (Director) # Yeh Kaisa Insaaf (1980) # Pyaasa Sawan (1981) (Director) # Addala Meda (1981) # Premabhishekam (1981) # Prema Mandiram (1981) # Prema Simhasanam (1981) # Bobbili Puli (1982) (Story, Dialogues, Screenplay and Director) # Golkonda Abbulu (1982) # Jagannatha Rathachakralu (1982) # Jayasudha (1982) # Krishnarajunulu (1982) # Mehndi Rang Layegi (1982) # O Adadi O Magadu (1982) # Raga Deepam (1982) # Sivamettina Satyam (1982) # Swayamvaram (1982) # Yuvaraju (1982) # Prem Tapasya (1983) # Bahudoorapu Batasari (1983) # Meghasandesam (1983) # MLA Yedukondalu (1983) # Police Venkataswamy (1983) # Ramudu Kadu Krishnudu (1983) # Rudrakali (1983) # Urantha Sankranthi (1983) # Yaadgaar (1984) # Asha Jyoti (1984) # Aaj Ka M.L.A. Ram Avtar (1984) # Abhimanyudu (1984) # Haisiyat (1984) # Jagan (1984) # Justice Chakravarthy (1984) # Police Papanna (1984) # Yuddham (1984) # Zakhmi Sher (1984) # Wafadaar (1985) (Director) # Sarfarosh (1985) # Brahma Mudi (1985) # Edadugula Bandham (1985) # Lanchavatharam (1985) # Pelli Meeku Akshintalu Naaku (1985) # Thirugubatu (1985) # Aadi Dampathulu (1986) # Dharma Peetam Daddarillindi (1986) # Tandra Paparayudu (1986) # Ugranarasimham (1986) # Aatma Bandhuvulu (1987) # Brahma Nayudu (1987) # Majnu (1987) # Nene Raju Nene Manthri (1987) # Hitler (1997) (Actor) # Vishwanatha Nayakudu (1987) # Brahma Puthrudu (1988) # Intinti Bhagavatham (1988) # Kanchana Seeta (1988) # Praja Pratinidhi (1988) # Lankeshwarudu (1989) (Writer and Director) # Black Tiger (1989) # Maut Ki Ladai (1989) # Naa Mogudu Nanke Sontham (1989) # Two Town Rowdy (1989) # Mama Alludu (1990) # Amma Rajinama (1991) # Niyantha (1991) # Ramudu Kadu Rakshasudu (1991) # Ahankari (1992) # SuriGadu (1992) # Subbarayudu Pelli (1992) # Mamagaru (1992) # Venkanna Babu (1992) # Santaan (1993) # Akka Pettanam Chelleli Kapuram (1993) # Kunti Puthrudu (1993) # Mama Kodalu (1993) # Bangaru Kutumbam (1994) # Nannagaru (1994) # Kondapalli Rathaiah (1995) # Maya Bazaar (1995) # Ore Rickshaw (1995) # Vishwamitra (1995) # Kalyana Prapthirasthu (1996) # Osey Ramulamma (1997) # Greeku Veerudu (1998) # Adavi Chukka (2000) # Kante Koothurne Kanu (2000) # Samakka Saarakka (2000) # Chinna (2001) # Kondaveeti Simhasanam (2002) (Producer and Director) # Rifles (2002) # Fools (2003) # Maisamma IPS (2007) (Story Writer) # Aadivaram Adavallaku Selavu (2007) # Mestri 2009

Awards

Received Nandi Award in 1974 for the Film Thatha Manavadu.

Received Golden Nandi award for the best Film Swargam Narakam (remade in Hindi as Swarg Narak).

Best director Nandi award for Meghasandesam in 1983.

Best actor Nandi award for Mamagaru in 1992.

Doctorate "Kalaprapoorna" from Andhra University for his contribution to Telugu Culture and Telugu Cinema in 1986.

Received several awards from social organizations of repute, such as Vamsee Berkeley, Kalasagar, Shiromani Institute to name a few; won, Filmfare Award six times, Madras Film Fans Award five times, Cine Herald continuously for ten years.

He won Jyothi Chitra Super Director three times.

Ancient Andhra Patrika Best Director Award six times.

NTR national award for the year 2007.

Shoban Babu first memorial award 2009.

*

External links

Biodata of Dasari Narayana Rao at Rajya Sabha website.

Official Website

Category:1947 births Category:Living people Category:Indian actors Category:Telugu cinema Category:Telugu people Category:Telugu film directors Category:Rajya Sabha members Category:State Ministers of India Category:Indian actor-politicians Category:Telugu politicians