__NOTOC__ Year 1973 (MCMLXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar.

Events of 1973

January

January 1

* The United Kingdom, the Republic of Ireland and Denmark enter the European Economic Community, which later becomes the European Union.

* CBS sells the New York Yankees for $10 million to a 12-person syndicate led by George Steinbrenner (3.2 million dollars more than CBS bought the Yankees for).

January 4 – The pilot episode of the longest-running TV comedy series in the world Last of the Summer Wine is broadcast in the United Kingdom

January 14

* Elvis Presley's concert in Hawaii. The first worldwide telecast by an entertainer watched by more people than watched the Apollo moon landings.

* Super Bowl VII: The Miami Dolphins defeat the Washington Redskins 14–7 to complete the NFL's first Perfect Season.

January 15 – Vietnam War: Citing progress in peace negotiations, U.S. President Richard Nixon announces the suspension of offensive action in North Vietnam.

January 17 – Ferdinand Marcos becomes President for Life of the Philippines.

January 18 – Eleven Labour Party councillors in Clay Cross, Derbyshire, England, are ordered to pay £6,985 for not enforcing the Housing Finance Act.

January 20 – U.S. President Richard Nixon is inaugurated for his second term.

January 21 – The Communist League is founded in Denmark.

January 22

* Roe v. Wade: The U.S. Supreme Court overturns state bans on abortion.

* George Foreman defeats Joe Frazier to win the heavyweight world boxing championship.

* A Royal Jordanian Boeing 707 flight from Jeddah crashes in Kano, Nigeria; 176 people are killed.

* Former U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson dies at his Stonewall, Texas ranch, leaving no former U.S. President living until the resignation of Richard M. Nixon in 1974.

January 23

* Eldfell on the Icelandic island of Heimaey erupts.

* U.S. President Richard Nixon announces that a peace accord has been reached in Vietnam.

January 25 – English actor Derren Nesbitt is convicted of assaulting his wife Anne Aubrey.

January 27 – U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War ends with the signing of the Paris Peace Accords.

January 31 – Pan American and Trans World Airlines cancelled their options to buy 13 Concorde airliners.

February

February 6 – Toronto: Construction on the CN Tower begins.

February 11 – Vietnam War: The first American prisoners of war are released from Vietnam.

February 12 – Ohio becomes the first U.S. state to post distance in metric on signs (see Metric system in the United States).

February 13 – The United States Dollar is devalued by 10%.

February 16 – The Court of Appeal of England and Wales rules that the Sunday Times can publish articles on Thalidomide and Distillers Company Limited, despite ongoing legal actions by parents (the decision is overturned in July by the House of Lords).

February 21 – Libyan Arab Airlines Flight 114 (Boeing 727) is shot down by Israeli fighter aircraft over the Sinai Desert, after the passenger plane is suspected of being an enemy military plane. Only 5 (1 crew member and 4 passengers) of 113 survive.

February 22 – Sino-American relations: Following President Richard Nixon's visit to mainland China, the United States and the People's Republic of China agree to establish liaison offices.

February 26 – Edward Heath's British government publishes a Green Paper on prices and incomes policy.

February 27 – The American Indian Movement occupies Wounded Knee, South Dakota.

February 28

* The Republic of Ireland general election is held.

* The landmark postmodern novel Gravity's Rainbow by Thomas Pynchon is published.

March

March 1 – Dick Taverne, having resigned from the Parliament of the United Kingdom on leaving the Labour Party, is re-elected as a 'Democratic Labour' candidate.

March 3 – Tottenham Hotspur wins the Football League Cup final at Wembley, beating Norwich City 1–0.

March 7 – Comet Kohoutek is discovered.

March 8

* In the 'Border Poll', voters in Northern Ireland vote to remain part of the United Kingdom. Irish nationalists are encouraged to boycott the referendum.

* Provisional Irish Republican Army bombs explode in Whitehall and the Old Bailey in England.

March 10 – Sir Richard Sharples, Governor of Bermuda, is assassinated in Government House.

March 17

* Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom opens the modern London Bridge.

* Many of the few remaining United States soldiers begin to leave Vietnam. One reunion of a former POW with his family is immortalized in the Pulitzer Prize-winning photograph Burst of Joy.

* Pink Floyd's The Dark Side of the Moon, one of rock's landmark albums, is released.

March 20 – A British government White Paper on Northern Ireland proposes the re-establishment of an Assembly elected by proportional representation, with a possible All-Ireland council.

March 21 – The Lofthouse Colliery disaster occurs in Great Britain.

March 23 – Watergate scandal (United States): In a letter to Judge John Sirica, Watergate burglar James W. McCord Jr. admits that he and other defendants have been pressured to remain silent about the case. He names former Attorney General John Mitchell as 'overall boss' of the operation.

March 29 – The last United States soldier leaves Vietnam.

April

April 2 – The LexisNexis computerized legal research service begins.

April 3 – The first handheld cellular phone call is made by Martin Cooper in New York City.

April 4 – The World Trade Center officially opens in New York City with a ribbon cutting ceremony.

April 5

* Fahri Korutürk becomes the sixth president of Turkey.

* Pioneer 11 is launched on a mission to study the solar system.

April 6 – Ron Blomberg of the New York Yankees becomes the first designated hitter in Major League Baseball.

April 7 – Tu te reconnaîtras by Anne-Marie David (music by Claude Morgan, text by Vline Buggy) wins the Eurovision Song Contest 1973 for Luxembourg.

April 10 – Israeli commandos raid Beirut, assassinating 3 leaders of the Palestinian Resistance Movement. The Lebanese army's inaction brings the immediate resignation of Prime Minister Saib Salam, a Sunni Muslim.

April 11 – The British House of Commons voted against restoring capital punishment by a margin of 142 votes.

April 12 – The Labour Party wins control of the Greater London Council.

April 15 – Naim Talu, a former civil servant forms the new government of Turkey (36th government)

April 17

The German counter-terrorist force GSG 9 is officially formed.

* Federal Express officially begins operations, with the launch of 14 small aircraft from Memphis International Airport. On that night, Federal Express delivers 186 packages to 25 U.S. cities from Rochester, New York, to Miami, Florida.

April 20 – An Indian Pacific train en route to Perth, derails near Broken Hill, New South Wales, destroying a quarter mile of track.

April 28 – Six Irishmen, including Joe Cahill, are arrested by the Irish Naval Service off County Waterford, on board a coaster carrying 5 tons of weapons destined for the Provisional Irish Republican Army.

April 30 – Watergate Scandal: President Richard Nixon announces that top White House aides H.R. Haldeman, John Ehrlichman, and others have resigned.

May

May 1 – An estimated 1,600,000 workers in the United Kingdom stop work in support of a Trade Union Congress "day of national protest and stoppage" against the Government's anti-inflation policy.

May 3 – The Sears Tower in Chicago is finished, becoming the world's tallest building.

May 5

Shambu Tamang becomes the youngest person to climb to the summit of Mount Everest.

* Sunderland AFC defeats Leeds United A.F.C. in the FA Cup final.

* Secretariat wins the Kentucky Derby.

May 8 – A 71-day standoff between federal authorities and American Indian Movement activists who were occupying the Pine Ridge Reservation at Wounded Knee, South Dakota, ends with the surrender of the militants.

May 10

* The Polisario Front, a Sahrawi movement dedicated to the independence of Western Sahara, is formed.

* The New York Knicks defeat the Los Angeles Lakers, 102–93 in Game 5 of the NBA Finals to win the NBA title.

May 14

* Skylab, the United States' first space station, is launched.

* The British House of Commons votes to abolish capital punishment in Northern Ireland.

May 17 – Watergate scandal: Televised hearings begin in the United States Senate.

May 18 – Cod War: Joseph Godber, British Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, announces that Royal Navy frigates will protect British trawlers fishing in the disputed 50-mile limit round Iceland.

May 19 – Secretariat wins the Preakness Stakes.

May 22 – Lord Lambton resigns from the British government over a 'call girl' scandal.

May 24 – Earl Jellicoe, Lord Privy Seal and Leader of the House of Lords in Britain, resigns over a separate prostitution scandal.

May 25

* Skylab 2 (Pete Conrad, Paul Weitz, Joseph Kerwin) is launched on a mission to repair damage to the recently launched Skylab space station.

* Héctor José Cámpora becomes democratic president of the Argentine Republic ending the 1966 to 1973 Revolución Argentina military dictatorship.

May 27 – By virtue of the non-retroactivity of Soviet copyright laws, all works published before this date are public domain. This applies worldwide.

June

June 1 – The Greek military junta abolishes the monarchy and proclaims a republic.

June 3 – A Tupolev Tu-144 crashes at the Paris air show; 15 are killed., Marriage of amitabh bachchan & jaya ( both bollywood stars(JUNE 3, 1973 ).

June 4 – A patent for the ATM is granted to Donald Wetzel, Tom Barnes and George Chastain.

June 9 – Secretariat wins the Belmont Stakes, becoming the first Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing winner since 1948.

June 10 – The grandson of J. Paul Getty is kidnapped in Rome.

June 16 – U.S. President Richard Nixon begins several talks with Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev.

June 20 – The Ezeiza massacre occurs in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Snipers shoot on left-wing Peronists, killing at least 13 and injuring more than 300.

June 22 – W. Mark Felt ("Deep Throat") retires from the Federal Bureau of Investigation.

June 23 – A house fire in Kingston upon Hull, England, which kills a 6-year-old boy is passed off as an accident; it later emerges as the first of 26 fire deaths caused over the next 7 years by arsonist Peter Dinsdale.

June 24 – Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev addresses the American people on television, the first to do so.

June 25

* Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE)

* Erskine Hamilton Childers is elected the 4th President of Ireland.

* Watergate scandal: Former White House counsel John Dean begins his testimony before the Senate Watergate Committee.

June 26 – At Plesetsk Cosmodrome, 9 persons are killed in the explosion of a Cosmos 3-M rocket.

June 28 – Elections are held for the Northern Ireland Assembly, which will lead to power-sharing between unionists and nationalists in Northern Ireland for the first time.

June 30 – A very long total solar eclipse occurs. During the entire 2nd millennium, only 7 total solar eclipses exceeded 7 minutes of totality.

July

July 1 – The United States Drug Enforcement Administration is founded.

July 2 – The United States Congress passes the Education of the Handicapped Act (EHA) mandating Special Education federally.

July 4 – MLB: The New York Mets fall 12½ games back in last place of the National League Eastern Division.

July 5

* The Isle of Man Post begins to issue its own postage stamps.

* The catastrophic BLEVE (Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapor Explosion) in Kingman, Arizona, following a fire that broke out as propane was being transferred from a railroad car to a storage tank, kills 11 firefighters. This explosion has become a classic incident, studied in fire department training programs worldwide.

July 6 – St Andrew's Cathedral, Singapore is gazetted as a national monument.

July 10 – The Bahamas gains full independence within the Commonwealth of Nations.

July 11 – Varig Flight 820 crashes near Orly, France; 123 are killed.

July 12 – 1973 National Archives Fire: A major fire destroys the entire 6th floor of the National Personnel Records Center in St. Louis, Missouri.

July 16 – Watergate Scandal: Former White House aide Alexander Butterfield informs the United States Senate Watergate Committee that President Richard Nixon had secretly recorded potentially incriminating conversations.

July 17 – King Mohammed Zahir Shah of Afghanistan is deposed by his cousin Mohammed Daoud Khan while in Italy undergoing eye surgery.

July 20 – France resumes nuclear bomb tests in Mururoa Atoll, over the protests of Australia and New Zealand. Bruce Lee dies.

July 21 – The Philippines receives its second Miss Universe title, with Margarita Moran as the winner.

July 23 – The Avianca Building in Bogotá, Colombia suffers a serious fire.

July 25 – The Soviet Mars 5 space probe is launched.

July 28

* The Summer Jam at Watkins Glen, a massive rock festival featuring The Grateful Dead, The Allman Brothers Band and The Band, attracts over 600,000 music fans.

* Skylab 3 (Owen Garriott, Jack Lousma, Alan Bean) is launched, to conduct various medical and scientific experiments aboard Skylab.

July 29 – Formula One racing driver Roger Williamson dies in an accident, witnessed live on European television, during the 1973 Dutch Grand Prix.

July 30 – An 11-year legal action for the victims of Thalidomide ends.

July 31

* Militant protesters led by Ian Paisley disrupt the first sitting of the Northern Ireland Assembly.

* A Delta Air Lines Flight 173 DC9-31 aircraft lands short of Boston's Logan Airport runway in poor visibility, striking a sea wall about 165 feet (50 m) to the right of the runway centerline and about 3,000 feet (914 m) short. All 6 crew members and 83 passengers are killed, 1 of the passengers dying several months after the accident.

August

August 1 – Caribbean Community and Common Market (CARICOM) inaugurated.

August 2 – A flash fire kills 51 at the Summerland amusement centre at Douglas, Isle of Man.

August 5 – Black September members open fire at the Athens airport; 3 are killed, 55 injured.

August 8

* South Korean politician Kim Dae-Jung is kidnapped in Tokyo by the KCIA.

* The death of Dean Corll leads to the discovery of the Houston Mass Murders: 27 boys were killed by 3 men.

August 15 – The U.S. bombing of Cambodia ends, officially halting 12 years of combat activity in Southeast Asia.

August 23 – The Norrmalmstorg robbery occurs, famous for the origin of the term Stockholm syndrome.

September

September 3 – The British Trade Union Congress expels 20 members for registering under the Industrial Relations Act 1971.

September 11 – Chile's democratically elected government is overthrown in a military coup after serious instability. President Salvador Allende commits suicide during the coup in the presidential palace, and General Augusto Pinochet heads a U.S.-backed military junta that governs Chile for the next 16 years.

September 15 – Gustaf VI Adolf of Sweden dies. His grandson, Carl XVI Gustaf, becomes king.

September 18 – The two German Republics, the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) and the German Democratic Republic (East Germany), are admitted to the United Nations.

September 20 – The Battle of the Sexes: Billie Jean King defeats Bobby Riggs in a televised tennis match, 6–4, 6–4, 6–3, at the Astrodome in Houston, Texas.

September 22 – Henry Kissinger, United States National Security Advisor, starts his term as United States Secretary of State.

September 27 – Soviet space program: Soyuz 12, the first Soviet manned flight since the Soyuz 11 tragedy in 1971, is launched.

September 28 – ITT is bombed in New York City by leftist terrorists protesting the restoration of the Chilean Constitution ordered by the Chilean judicial and legislative branches against the Allende administration.

October

: Sydney Opera House is opened by Elizabeth II]]

October 6 – Yom Kippur War: The fourth and largest Arab–Israeli conflict begins, as Egyptian and Syrian forces attack Israeli forces in the Sinai Peninsula and Golan Heights on Yom Kippur.

October 8 – LBC Radio begins broadcasting on 97.3 FM in London.

October 10

* Spiro T. Agnew resigns as Vice President of the United States and then, in federal court in Baltimore, Maryland, pleads no contest to charges of income tax evasion on $29,500 he received in 1967, while he was governor of Maryland. He is fined $10,000 and put on 3 years' probation.

* The New York Mets win baseball's National League pennant, defeating the heavily favored Cincinnati Reds 3 games to 2.

October 14 – Students revolt in Bangkok, Thailand.

October 17 – The Arab Oil Embargo against several countries which support Israel triggers the 1973 energy crisis.

October 20

* The Saturday Night Massacre: U.S. President Richard Nixon orders Attorney General Elliot Richardson to dismiss Watergate Special Prosecutor Archibald Cox. Richardson refuses and resigns, along with Deputy Attorney General William Ruckelshaus. Solicitor General Robert Bork, third in line at the Department of Justice, then fires Cox. The event raises calls for Nixon's impeachment.

* The Sydney Opera House is opened by Elizabeth II after 14 years of construction work.

October 21 – The Oakland Athletics win baseball's World Series, defeating the New York Mets 4 games to 3.

October 26

* The Yom Kippur War ends.

* The United Nations recognizes the independence of Guinea-Bissau.

October 27 – The Canon City meteorite, a 1.4 kilogram chondrite type meteorite, strikes Earth in Fremont County, Colorado.

October 28 – Kobos Coffee opens it first store.

October 30 – The Bosporus Bridge in Istanbul, Turkey is completed, connecting the continents of Europe and Asia over the Bosporus for the first time in history.

October 31 – Mountjoy Prison helicopter escape: Three Provisional Irish Republican Army members escape from Mountjoy Prison, Dublin, Republic of Ireland after a hijacked helicopter lands in the exercise yard.

November

November 1 – Watergate scandal: Acting Attorney General Robert Bork appoints Leon Jaworski as the new Watergate Special Prosecutor.

November 3

* Pan Am cargo flight 160, a Boeing 707-321C, crashes at Logan International Airport, Boston, killing 3 people.

* Mariner program: NASA launches Mariner 10 toward Mercury (on March 29, 1974 it becomes the first space probe to reach that planet).

November 7 – The Congress of the United States overrides President Richard M. Nixon's veto of the War Powers Resolution, which limits presidential power to wage war without congressional approval.

November 8 – Millennium '73, a festival hosted by Guru Maharaj Ji at the Astrodome, is called by supporters the "most significant event in human history".

November 11 – Egypt and Israel sign a United States-sponsored cease-fire accord.

November 14 – In the United Kingdom, Princess Anne marries a commoner, Captain Mark Phillips, in Westminster Abbey (they divorce in 1992).

November 16

* Skylab program: NASA launches Skylab 4 (Gerald Carr, William Pogue, Edward Gibson) from Cape Canaveral, Florida on an 84-day mission.

* U.S. President Richard Nixon signs the Trans-Alaska Pipeline Authorization Act into law, authorizing the construction of the Alaska Pipeline.

November 17

* Watergate scandal: In Orlando, Florida, U.S. President Richard Nixon tells 400 Associated Press managing editors "I am not a crook."

* The Athens Polytechnic uprising occurs against the military regime in Athens, Greece.

November 21 – U.S. President Richard Nixon's attorney, J. Fred Buzhardt, reveals the existence of an 18½-minute gap in one of the White House tape recordings related to Watergate.

November 25 – Greek dictator George Papadopoulos is ousted in a military coup led by Lieutenant General Phaidon Gizikis.

November 27 – The United States Senate votes 92–3 to confirm Gerald Ford as Vice President of the United States.

November 29 – 104 people are killed in a Taiyo department store fire in Kumamoto, Kyūshū, Japan.

December

December – Chile breaks diplomatic contacts with Sweden.

December 1 – Papua New Guinea gains self government from Australia.

December 3 – Pioneer program: Pioneer 10 sends back the first close-up images of Jupiter.

December 6 – The United States House of Representatives votes 387–35 to confirm Gerald Ford as Vice President of the United States; he is sworn in the same day.

December 15 – Gay rights: The American Psychiatric Association removes homosexuality from its DSM-II.

December 16 – O.J. Simpson of the Buffalo Bills became the first running back to rush for 2,000 yards in a pro football season.

December 18 – Islamic Development Bank created as a specialized agency of the Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC) (effective 12 August 1974).

December 20 – Spanish prime minister Luis Carrero Blanco is assassinated in Madrid by the terrorist organization ETA.

December 23 – OPEC doubles the price of crude oil.

December 28 – The Endangered Species Act is passed in the United States.

December 30 – Terrorist Carlos fails in his attempt to assassinate British businessman Joseph Sieff.

December 31 – In the United Kingdom, due to coal shortages caused by industrial action, the Three-Day Week electricity consumption reduction measure comes into force.

Undated

ODECA functions suspended.

Economist E. F. Schumacher publishes his book Small is Beautiful.

The National House Building Council is formed in the United Kingdom.

The COSC The Swiss Official Chronometer testing Institute is founded in Switzerland by 5 Watch Cantons & Federation of the Swiss Watch Industry FH.

The title Queen of Australia is created by the Royal Style and Titles Act.

Confirming the descriptions of bulkhead hull compartments for Chinese sailing ships in Zhu Yu's Pingzhou Table Talks of 1119 A.D., a large Song Dynasty trade ship of c. 1277 A.D. is dredged up from the waters near the southern coast of China that had 12 bulkhead compartment rooms in its hull.

Ongoing

Cold War

Rhodesian Bush War

The Troubles

Births

January–February

January 1 – Danny Lloyd, American actor

January 4 – Greg de Vries, Canadian ice hockey player

January 6 – Scott Ferguson, Canadian ice hockey player

January 7 – Jonna Tervomaa, Finnish singer

January 9 – Sean Paul, Jamaican singer

January 10 – Ryan Drummond, American actor

January 12

* Hande Yener, Turkish Singer

* Joseph M. Smith, American actor, writer and producer

January 13

* Nikolai Khabibulin, Russian hockey player

* Gloria Yip, Hong Kong actress

January 14 – Giancarlo Fisichella, Italian race car driver

January 15 – Tomáš Galásek, Czech football player

January 16 – Josie Davis, American actress

January 17 – Cuauhtémoc Blanco, Mexican football player

January 18 – Crispian Mills, British musician (The Jeevas, Kula Shaker)

January 19

* Antero Manninen, Finnish cellist

* Karen Lancaume, French actress (d. 2005)

* Ann-Kristin Aarønes, Norwegian footballer

* Aaron Yonda, American YouTube celebrity

* Wang Junxia, Chinese long-distance runner

* Yevgeny Sadovyi, Russian swimmer

January 21

* Chris Kilmore, American rock DJ (Incubus)

* Duane Lee Chapman II American bail bondsman

January 22 – Abi Tucker, Australian actor and singer

January 29 – Jason Schmidt, American baseball player

January 30 – Jalen Rose, American basketball player

January 31 – Shingo Katayama, Japanese golfer

February 1

* Yuri Landman, Dutch artist and musician

* Nick Mitchell, American wrestler

February 2 – Aleksander Tammert, Estonian discus thrower

February 3 – Ilana Sod, Mexican journalist

February 4

* Oscar de la Hoya, American boxer

* James Hird, Australian rules footballer

February 5 – Deng Yaping, Chinese table tennis player

February 7 – Kate Thornton, British TV presenter

February 8 – Sonia Deol, British-Asian presenter

February 9 – Svetlana Boginskaya, Soviet gymnast

February 10 – Gunn-Rita Dahle, Norwegian mountain biker

February 11

* Varg Vikernes, Norwegian rock musician (Burzum)

* Craig Jones, American rock sampler (Slipknot)

February 12 – Tara Strong, Canadian-born voice actress

February 14 – Steve McNair, American football player (d. 2009)

February 15 – Amy Van Dyken, American swimmer

February 16 – Cathy Freeman, Australian athlete

February 18 – Claude Makélélé, French footballer

February 20 – Kimberley Davies, Australian actress

February 21 – Heri Joensen, vocals and guitar of Faroese metal band Týr

February 22

* Shota Arveladze, Georgian football player

* Gustavo Assis-Brasil, Brazilian guitarist

February 24 – Jordan Jovtchev, Bulgarian gymnast

February 26

* Anders Björler & Jonas Björler, heavy metal guitarists

* Marshall Faulk, American football player

* Ole Gunnar Solskjær, Norwegian footballer

* Jenny Thompson, American swimmer

February 27 – Peter Andre, singer

February 28

* Eric Lindros, Canadian hockey player

* Masato Tanaka, Japanese professional wrestler

March–April

March 1

* Jack Davenport, English actor

* Chris Webber, American basketball player

* Anton Gunn, American politician

March 3 – Dejan Bodiroga, Serbian basketball player

March 4 – Jennifer Cole, American actress, model and game show hostess

March 5 – Ryan Franklin, American baseball pitcher

March 9 – Aaron Boone, American baseball player

March 10

* Dan Swanö, Swedish musician

* John LeCompt, American musician

March 13

* Edgar Davids, Dutch footballer

* David Draiman song writer and lead singer for the band Disturbed

March 15 – Lee Jung-jae, South Korean actor & model

March 17 – Caroline Corr, Irish musician (The Corrs)

March 19

* Magnus Hedman, Swedish footballer

* Simmone Jade Mackinnon, Australian actor

March 23 – Jason Kidd, American basketball player

March 24

* Jacek Bąk, Polish footballer

* Jim Parsons, American actor

March 26

* T. R. Knight, American actor

* Larry Page, American entrepreneur

March 29 – Marc Overmars, Dutch footballer

March 30 – Adam Goldstein, American DJ (d. 2009)

April 1

* Stephen Fleming, New Zealand cricket captain

* Kris Marshall, British actor

April 2 – Roselyn Sanchez, Puerto Rican actress

April 3 – Matthew Ferguson, Canadian actor

April 4

* David Blaine, American magician

* Loris Capirossi, Italian motorcycle racer

April 5 – Pharrell, American musician and producer (The Neptunes)

April 6 – Rie Miyazawa, Japanese actress and singer

April 10 – Roberto Carlos, Brazilian football player

April 11 – Jennifer Esposito, American actress

April 13 – Sergei Shnurov, Russian singer

April 14 – Adrien Brody, Academy Award-winning American actor

April 15 – Emanuel Rego, Brazilian beach volleyball player

April 16 – Bonnie Pink, Japanese singer

April 18 – Haile Gebrselassie, Ethiopian long-distance runner

April 19 – George Gregan, Australian rugby union footballer

April 22 – Christopher Sabat, American voice actor

April 24

* Sachin Tendulkar, Indian cricketer

* Lee Westwood, English golfer

April 25 – Fredrik Larzon, Swedish rock musician (Millencolin)

April 27 – Sharlee D'Angelo, Bassist

April 28 – Melissa Fahn, American actress

April 29 – Johan Hegg

April 30

* Jeff Timmons, American singer

* Akon, Senegalese-American hip hop and R&B; singer

May–June

May 1

* Oliver Neuville, German footballer

* Paul Burke, Irish rugby player

May 3

* Brad Martin, American musician

* Michael Reiziger, Dutch footballer

May 4 – Guillermo Barros Schelotto, Argentine footballer

May 7 – Paolo Savoldelli, Italian professional road racing cyclist

May 8

* Hiromu Arakawa, Japanese manga artist

* Marcus Brigstocke, British comedian

May 9 – Tegla Loroupe, Kenyan long-distance runner

May 10

* Gareth Ainsworth, English footballer

* Rüştü Reçber, Turkish football goalkeeper

May 12 – Forbes March, American actor

May 14

* Natalie Appleton, Canadian singer

* Shanice, American singer

May 16

* Jason Acuna, American skateboarder and actor

* Tori Spelling, American actress

May 17 – Joshua Homme, American musician

May 18 – Kazuhiro Hayashi , Japanese professional wrestler

May 19 – Dario Franchitti, Scottish race car driver

May 21 – Noel Fielding, British comedian

May 23 – Jacopo Gianninoto, Italian musician

May 24 – Dermot O'Leary, British TV presenter

May 25

* Demetri Martin, American comedian

* Jean-Pierre Canlis, American glass artist

May 30 – Leigh Francis, British comedian

May 31 – Dominique van Roost, Belgian tennis player

June 1

* Fred Deburghgraeve, Belgian swimmer

* Heidi Klum, German model

* Derek Lowe, baseball player

June 6 – Kat Swift, American presidential candidate

June 8 – Lexa Doig, Canadian actress

June 9 – Tedy Bruschi, American football player

June 10 – Faith Evans, American singer

June 12 – Darryl White, Australian footballer

June 13 – Sam Adams, American football player

June 14 – Ceca Raznatovic, Serbian singer

June 15

* Neil Patrick Harris, American actor

* Greg Vaughan, American actor

June 19 – Yuko Nakazawa, Japanese singer

June 20 – Chino Moreno, American musician

June 21 – Juliette Lewis, American actress

June 22 – Carson Daly, American talk show host

June 24 – Alexander Beyer, German actor

June 26 – Paweł Małaszyński, Polish actor

June 27 – Olve Eikemo, Norwegian musician

June 28 – Adrián Annus, Hungarian athlete

June 30 – Chan Ho Park, Korean Major League Baseball player

July–August

July 3 – Emma Cunniffe, British actress

July 4 – Gackt, Japanese singer

July 7 – Natsuki Takaya, Japanese manga-ka

July 9 – Kelly Holcomb, American football player

July 11 – Konstantinos Kenteris, Greek athlete

July 12 – Christian Vieri, Italian soccer player

July 14 – Halil Mutlu, Bulgaria-born Turkish weightlifter

July 15 – John Dolmayan, Lebanese-born rock drummer for the band System of a Down

July 16

* Stefano Garzelli, Italian professional road racing cyclist

* Graham Robertson, American filmmaker and author

July 17

* Eric Moulds, American football player

* Liam Kyle Sullivan, American comedian

July 18 – Anders Jivarp, Dark Tranquillity

July 20

* Peter Forsberg, Swedish hockey player

* HRH Crown Prince Haakon of Norway

July 22

* Daniel Jones, Australian musician and record producer

* Rufus Wainwright, American-Canadian musician

July 23

* Nomar Garciaparra, American baseball player

* Monica Lewinsky, American former White House intern

July 26 – Kate Beckinsale, English actress

July 27 – Gorden Tallis, Australian rugby league player

July 28 – Steve Staios, Canadian ice hockey player

July 30 – Markus Näslund, Swedish ice hockey player

August 6

* Asia Carrera, American actress

* Vera Farmiga, American actress

August 9 – Filippo Inzaghi, Italian footballer

August 11 – Carolyn Murphy, American model

August 12 – Richard Reid, English terrorist

August 14

* Jared Borgetti , Mexican footballer

* Kieren Perkins, Australian swimmer

* Jay-Jay Okocha, Nigerian soccer player (footballer)

August 15 – Adnan Sami, music composer, pianist, singer

August 16 – Damian Jackson, baseball player

August 19

* HRH Crown Princess Mette-Marit of Norway

* Marco Materazzi, Italian football player

August 20 – Todd Helton, American baseball player

August 21

* Steve McKenna, hockey player

* Nikolai Valuev, Russian heavyweight boxing champion

* Sergey Brin, Soviet-born American entrepreneur, co-founder of Google

August 22

* Howie Dorough, American singer (Backstreet Boys)

* Kristen Wiig, American actress and comedian

August 24

* Dave Brown, English comedian, photographer, graphic designer, choreographer and naan bread

* Dave Chappelle, American actor, comedian

* Inge de Bruijn, Dutch swimmer

* Carmine Giovinazzo, American actor

August 28 – Kirby Morrow, Canadian voice actor

August 30 – Lisa Ling, American journalist

September–October

September 1 – Ram Kapoor, Indian actor

September 4 – Jason David Frank, American actor and martial artist

September 5 – Rose McGowan, American actress

September 6

* Carlo Cudicini, Italian footballer

* Greg Rusedski, Anglo-Canadian tennis player

September 7 – Shannon Elizabeth, American actress

September 9 – Kazuhisa Ishii, Japanese baseball player

September 12

* Darren Campbell, British athlete

* Paul Walker, American actor

September 13 – Fabio Cannavaro, Italian footballer

September 14 – Andrew Lincoln, British actor

September 15

* Julie Cox, English actress

* Prince Daniel, Duke of Västergötland, né Olof Daniel Westling, Swedish prince, married to crownprincess Victoria

September 17 – Ada Choi, Hong Kong actress

September 18

* Paul Brousseau, Canadian ice hockey player

* James Marsden, actor

* Mark Shuttleworth, South African entrepreneur

* Ami Onuki, Japanese singer

September 19 – José Azevedo, Portuguese cyclist

September 21 – Oswaldo Sanchez, Mexican footballer

September 22

* Craig McRae, Australian footballer

* Yoo Chae-yeong, South Korean singer and actress

September 24 – Eddie George, American football player

September 25 – Bridgette Wilson-Sampras, American actress

September 29 – Joe Hulbig, American ice hockey player

October 1 – Christian Borle, American singer and actor

October 3

* Neve Campbell, Canadian actress

* Richard Ian Cox, Canadian voice actor and radio host

October 4 – Chris Parks, American professional wrestler

October 5 – Annabelle Chvostek, Canadian singer/songwriter/singer

October 6 – Ioan Gruffudd, Welsh actor

October 9 – Steven Burns, Blues Clues Actor

October 10 – Mario López, American actor

October 11 – Takeshi Kaneshiro, Taiwanese/Japanese actor

October 13

* Nanako Matsushima, Japanese actress

* Matt Hughes (fighter), American mixed martial arts fighter

October 14 – Lasha Zhvania, Georgian Politician

October 19 – Joaquin Gage, Canadian ice hockey player

October 21 – Beverly Turner, British TV and radio presenter

October 22 – Ichiro Suzuki, Japanese baseball player

October 24 – Levi Leipheimer, American professional cyclist

October 25

* Lamont Bentley, American actor (d. 2005)

* Maxi Mounds, American female stripper, largest breasts in the world

October 26

* Seth MacFarlane, American animator and voice actor

* Taka Michinoku, Japanese professional wrestler

October 28 – MVP, WWE Raw wrestler

October 29 – Robert Pirès, French football player

October 30

* Silvia Corzo, Colombian newsreader

* Edge, Canadian professional wrestler, 2-time WWE Champion

November–December

November 1

* Assia, Algerian singer

* Aishwarya Rai, Indian actress

* Li Xiaoshuang, Chinese gymnast

November 3 – Mick Thomson, American guitarist (Slipknot)

November 5 – Johnny Damon, baseball player

November 9 – Maija Vilkkumaa, Finnish pop singer

November 14

*Lawyer Milloy, American football player

*Dana Snyder, American voice actor

November 20 – Sav Rocca, American football player and former Australian rules footballer

November 22 – Cassie Campbell, Canadian ice hockey forward and CBC commentator

November 26 – Peter Facinelli, American actor

November 28

* Jade Puget, American guitarist (AFI)

* Rob Conway, American professional wrestler

November 29

* Ryan Giggs, Welsh footballer

* Raphael Smith, South African screenwriter and songwriter

November 30

* Lim Chang-jung, South Korean actor

* Jason Reso, Canadian professional wrestler

December 2

* Monica Seles, Yugoslavian-born tennis player

* Jan Ullrich, German professional road bicycle racer

December 3 – Holly Marie Combs, American actress

December 4

* Tyra Banks, American supermodel and talk show host

* Steven Menzies, Australian rugby league player

December 5 – Mikelangelo Loconte, Italian singer

December 7 – Terrell Owens, American football player

December 8 – Corey Taylor, American rock vocalist (Slipknot, ''Stone Sour)

December 11 – Cameron Alexander, British musician and actor

December 14

* Thuy Trang, Vietnamese-born actress (d. 2001)

* Tomasz Radzinski, Canadian footballer

December 15 – Surya Bonaly, French figure skater

December 16 – Scott Storch, American hip-hop producer

December 17 – Paula Radcliffe, British athlete

December 18 – Darryl Brown, Trinidad and West Indian cricketer

December 20 – Antti Kasvio, Finnish swimmer

December 24

* Kerry Nettle, Australian Senator

* Stephenie Meyer, American author

December 25 – Chris Harris, American professional wrestler

December 27

* Wilson Cruz, American actor

* Kristoffer Zegers, Dutch composer

December 28

* Ids Postma, Dutch speed skater

* Seth Meyers, American actor and comedian

December 29 – Theo Epstein, American baseball general manager

December 30

* Jason Behr, American actor

* Ato Boldon, West Indian athlete

December 31 – Nikolay Tsiskaridze, Russian dancer

Deaths

January–March

January 1

* Sergei Kourdakov, former KGB agent (b. 1951)

* Sir Arthur Elton, pioneer of the British documentary film industry (b. 1906)

January 19 – Max Adrian, Northern Irish actor (b. 1903)

January 22 – Lyndon Baines Johnson, 36th President of the United States (b. 1908)

January 23 – Kid Ory, American musician (b. 1886)

January 24 – J. Carrol Naish, American actor (b. 1897)

January 26 – Edward G. Robinson, American actor (b. 1893)

January 28 – John Banner, Austrian-born actor (b. 1910)

January 29 – Ludwig Stössel, Austrian actor (b. 1883)

January 31 – Ragnar Anton Kittil Frisch, Norwegian economist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1895)

February 11 – Hans D Jensen, German physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1907)

February 15

* Wally Cox, American actor (b. 1924)

* Tim Holt, American actor (b. 1919)

February 16 – Francisco Caamaño, Dominican politician (b. 1932)

February 19 – Joseph Szigeti, Hungarian violinist (b. 1892)

February 22

* Elizabeth Bowen, Irish novelist (b. 1899)

* Katina Paxinou, Greek actress (b. 1900)

February 23 – Dickinson W. Richards, American physician, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1895)

February 28 – Cecil Kellaway, South African actor (b. 1893)

March 3 – Vera Panova, Soviet-Russian writer (b. 1905)

March 6 – Pearl S. Buck, American writer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1892)

March 8 – Ron Pigpen McKernan, American rock musician (Grateful Dead) (b. 1945)

March 10 – Robert Siodmak, German-American director (b. 1900)

March 13 – Melville Cooper, British actor (b. 1896)

March 14

* Rafael Godoy, Colombian composer (b. 1907)

* Chic Young, American cartoonist (b. 1901)

March 18

* Johannes Aavik, Estonian philologist (b. 1880)

* Lauritz Melchoir, Danish opera singer (b. 1890)

March 23 – Ken Maynard, American actor (b. 1895)

March 25 – Edward Steichen, American photographer (b. 1879)

March 26

* Noel Coward, English composer and playwright (b. 1899)

* George Sisler, American baseball player (b. 1893)

April–June

April 8 – Pablo Picasso, Spanish artist (b. 1881)

April 12

* Arthur Freed, American film producer (b. 1894)

* Henry Darger, reclusive American outsider artist (b. 1892)

April 16

* Istvan Kertesz, Hungarian conductor (b. 1929)

* Nino Bravo, singer (b. 1944)

April 19 – Hans Kelsen, Austrian-born legal theorist (b. 1881)

April 20 – Robert Armstrong, American actor (b. 1890)

April 21

* Merian C. Cooper, American aviator, director, and producer (b. 1893)

* Arthur Fadden, 13th Prime Minister of Australia (b. 1894)

April 26 – Irene Ryan, American actress (b. 1902)

April 28 – Jacques Maritain, Catholic philosopher (b. 1882)

April 30 – Václav Renč, Czech poet, dramatist and translator (b. 1911)

May 1 – Asger Jorn, Danish painter (b. 1914)

May 2 – Alan Carney, American actor and comedian (b. 1909)

May 10 – Jack E. Leonard, American comedian (b. 1910)

May 11 – Lex Barker, American actor (b. 1919)

May 12 – Frances Marion, American screenwriter (b. 1888)

May 14 – Jean Gebser, German author, linguist, and poet (b. 1905)

May 18 – Jeannette Rankin, first U.S. Congresswoman (b. 1880)

May 20 – Jarno Saarinen, Finnish motorcycle racer (b. 1945)

May 21 – Vaughn Monroe, American singer (b. 1911)

May 26 – Jay C. Higginbotham, American musician (b. 1906)

June 1 – Mary Kornman, American actress (b. 1915)

June 3 – Dory Funk, American professional wrestler (b. 1919)

June 4 – Arna Bontemps, African-American Harlem Renaissance writer (b. 1902)

June 5 – Max Terhune, American actor (b. 1891)

June 10 – William Inge, American playwright (b. 1913)

June 18 – Roger Delgado, English actor (b. 1918)

June 23 – Fay Holden, American actress (b. 1893)

June 24 – Mary Carr, American actress (b. 1874)

June 26 – Ernest Truex, American actor (b. 1889)

June 30

* Nancy Mitford, English novelist (b. 1904)

* Blessed Vasyl Velychkovsky C.Ss.R, Ukrainian Catholic bishop and martyr (b. 1903)

July–September

July 2

* Betty Grable, American actress (b. 1916)

* Swede Savage, American race car driver (b. 1946)

July 5 – Golwalkar, Second sarsanghchalak of Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (b. 1906)

July 6

* Otto Klemperer, German-born conductor (b. 1885)

* Joe E. Brown, American actor (b. 1892)

July 7 – Veronica Lake, American actress (b. 1922)

July 8

* Ben-Zion Dinur, Russian-born Israeli educator, historian and politician (b. 1884)

* Wilfred Rhodes, English cricketer (b. 1877)

July 11

* Robert Ryan, American actor (b. 1909)

* Alexander Mosolov, Russian composer (b. 1900)

July 12 – Lon Chaney, Jr., American actor (b. 1906)

July 18 – Jack Hawkins, British actor (b. 1910)

July 20

* Robert Smithson, American artist (b. 1938)

* Bruce Lee, Chinese-American martial artist and actor (b. 1940)

July 27 – Eddie Rickenbacker, American World War I flying ace and race car driver (b. 1890)

July 29

* Henri Charriere, French writer (b. 1906)

* Roger Williamson, British race car driver (b. 1948)

August 1

* Gian Francesco Malipiero, Italian composer (b. 1882)

* Walter Ulbricht, East German leader (b. 1893)

August 2 – Jean-Pierre Melville, French film director (b. 1917)

August 4 – Eddie Condon, American jazz musician (b. 1905)

August 6

* James Beck, British actor (b. 1929)

* Fulgencio Batista, Cuban dictator (b. 1901)

August 9 – Charles Daniels, American Olympic swimmer (b. 1885)

August 10 – Douglas Kennedy, American actor (b. 1915)

August 11 – Karl Ziegler, German chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1898)

August 12

* Dayanand Bandodkar, Chief Minister of Goa (b. 1911)

* Walter Rudolf Hess, Swiss physiologist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1881)

August 16

* Veda Ann Borg, American actress (b. 1915)

* Selman Waksman, Ukrainian-born biochemist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1888)

August 17

* Conrad Aiken, American writer (b. 1889)

* Jean Barraqué, French composer (b. 1928)

* Paul Williams, American singer (b. 1939)

August 30 – Michael Dunn, American actor (b. 1934)

August 31 – John Ford, American film director (b. 1895)

September 2

* Diana Sands, American actress (b. 1934)

* J. R. R. Tolkien, British writer (b. 1892)

September 11 – Salvador Allende, President of Chile (b. 1908)

September 13 – Betty Field, American actress (b. 1913)

September 15

* King Gustaf VI Adolf of Sweden (b. 1882)

* Victor Jara, Chilean politician and singer-songwriter (b. 1932)

September 18 – Ken Harada, first diplomat from Japan to the Holy See (age 80)

September 19 – Gram Parsons, American musician (b. 1946)

September 20

* Jim Croce, American songwriter (b. 1943)

* Glenn Strange, American actor (b. 1899)

September 23 – Pablo Neruda, Chilean poet, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1904)

September 24 – Josué de Castro, Brazilian writer and activist against hunger (b. 1908)

September 26

* Ralph Earnhardt, American race car driver (b. 1928)

* Anna Magnani, Italian actress (b. 1908)

September 29 – W. H. Auden, English poet (b. 1907)

September 28 – Norma Crane, American actress (b. 1928)

September 30 – Peter Pitseolak, Inuit photographer and author (b. 1902)

October–December

October 2

* Paul Hartman, American dancer and actor (b. 1904)

* Paavo Nurmi, Finnish runner (b. 1897)

October 6

* Sidney Blackmer, American actor (b. 1895)

* François Cevert, French race car driver (b. 1944)

October 8 – Gabriel Marcel, French Catholic existential thinker (b. 1889)

October 10 – Ludwig von Mises, Austrian economist (b. 1881)

October 14

* Edmund A. Chester, American broadcaster and journalist (b.1897)

* Ahmed Hamdi, Egyptian soldier, who fought in Yom Kippur (b.1929)

October 16 – Gene Krupa, American jazz drummer (b. 1909)

October 17 – Ingeborg Bachmann, Austrian writer (b. 1926)

October 18

* Walt Kelly, American cartoonist (b. 1913)

* Crane Wilbur, American actor (b. 1886)

October 19 – Margaret Caroline Anderson, American magazine publisher (b. 1886)

October 22 – Pau Casals, Spanish Catalan cellist and conductor (b. 1876)

October 25 – Abebe Bikila, Ethiopian long-distance runner (b. 1932)

October 27 – Allan Lane, American actor (b. 1909)

October 28 – Cleo Moore, American actress (b. 1928)

November 3 – Marc Allégret, French film director (b. 1900)

November 10 – David "Stringbean" Akeman, American banjo player (b. 1915)

November 11 – Artturi Ilmari Virtanen, Finnish chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1895)

November 13 – Lila Lee, American actress (b. 1901)

November 23

* Sessue Hayakawa, Japanese-American actor (b. 1889)

* Constance Talmadge, American actress (b. 1897)

November 25 – Laurence Harvey, English actor (b. 1928)

November 27 – Frank Christian, American musician (b. 1887)

November 28 – John Rostill, English bassist, musician and composer (The Shadows) (b. 1942)

November 30 – Allan Sherman, American musical parodist (b. 1924)

December 1 – David Ben-Gurion, Prime Minister of Israel (b. 1886)

December 3 – Emile Christian, American musician (b. 1895)

December 4 – Michael O'Shea, American actor (b. 1906)

December 5 – Robert Watson-Watt, Scottish engineer, inventor of radar (b. 1892)

December 20

* Bobby Darin, American singer, songwriter, musician, actor, dancer, impressionist and TV presenter (b. 1936)

* Luis Carrero Blanco, first minister of Spain (assassinated) (b. 1907)

December 25

* Gabriel Voisin, French aviation pioneer (b. 1880)

* İsmet İnönü, Turkish general, prime minister, and president (b. 1884)

* Adrian Scott, American screenwriter, one of the Hollywood Ten (b. 1912)

December 26

* William Haines, American actor (b. 1900)

* Harold B. Lee, American president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (b. 1899)

Nobel prizes

Physics – Leo Esaki, Ivar Giaever, Brian David Josephson

Chemistry – Ernst Otto Fischer, Geoffrey Wilkinson

Medicine – Karl von Frisch, Konrad Lorenz, Nikolaas Tinbergen

Literature – Patrick White

Peace – Henry A. Kissinger, Le Duc Tho

Economics – Wassily Leontief

References

1973 Coin Pictures

Name	Keith Richards
Landscape	no
Background	solo_singer
Birth name	Keith Richards
Alias	Keith Richard
Born	December 18, 1943Dartford, Kent, England,United Kingdom
Instrument	Guitar, vocals, bass, keyboards
Genre	Rock and roll, blues, blues rock, psychedelic rock, rhythm and blues, rock
Occupation	Musician, songwriter,record producer
Years active	1962–present
Label	Decca, Rolling Stones, Virgin, Mindless Records
Associated acts	The Rolling Stones, The Dirty Mac, The New Barbarians, The X-Pensive Winos
Url	keithrichards.com
Notable instruments	1953 Fender Telecaster "Micawber"1959 Gibson Les PaulGibson ES-355

Keith Richards (born 18 December 1943) is an English musician best known as guitarist for the Rolling Stones, of which he has been a member since its founding. Known for his innovative rhythm playing, Rolling Stone magazine ranked him as the "10th greatest guitarist of all time." Fourteen of the songs he has written with songwriting partner and Rolling Stones lead vocalist Mick Jagger are listed by Rolling Stone as among the "500 Greatest Songs of All Time".

Early life

The only child of Bert Richards and Doris Dupree Richards, he was born in Dartford, Kent. His father was a factory labourer, injured during World War II. Their flat on Chastilian Road was hit by a Nazi V-1 flying bomb on 5 July 1944 while he and his mother visited Bert Richards at the hospital. He had been wounded in the Normandy invasion.

Richards' paternal grandparents were socialists and civic leaders. His maternal grandfather (Augustus Theodore Dupree), who toured Britain in a jazz big band called Gus Dupree and his Boys, was an early influence on Richards's musical ambitions and got him interested in playing guitar.

Richards' mother introduced him to the music of Billie Holiday, Louis Armstrong and Duke Ellington, and bought him his first guitar, a Rosetti acoustic, for seven pounds. His father was less encouraging, telling his son to 'Stop that bloody noise.'" Richards's first guitar hero was Scotty Moore.

Richards attended Wentworth Primary School, as did Mick Jagger. The two knew each other as schoolboys, and lived in the same neighbourhood until 1954. That year the Richards family moved to what Richards has described as "a fucking soul-destroying council estate at completely the other end of town" that looked like "a disgusting concrete jungle". The move was disorienting for the young Richards, as was his transfer a year later to Dartford Technical School (now and split into two schools named Wilmington Grammar School for Boys and Wilmington Enterprise College), which he attended from 1955 to 1959. The Dartford Tech choirmaster Jake Clair noticed Richards's singing voice and recruited him into the school choir. In a trio of boy sopranos Richards sang (amongst other performances) at Westminster Abbey in front of Queen Elizabeth II.

In 1959, Richards was expelled from Dartford Technical School for truancy, and the headmaster suggested he would be more at home at the art college in the neighbouring town of Sidcup. At Sidcup Art College Richards devoted his time to playing guitar after he heard American blues artists like Little Walter and Big Bill Broonzy. He swapped a pile of records for his first electric guitar, a hollow-body Höfner cutaway. Fellow Sidcup student and future musical colleague Dick Taylor recalls, "There was a lot of music being played at Sidcup, and we'd go into the empty classrooms and fool around with our guitars. ... Even in those days Keith could play most of [Chuck Berry's] solos." Taylor also remembers Richards experimenting with various drugs at Sidcup: "In order to stay up late with our music and still get to Sidcup in the morning, Keith and I were on a pretty steady diet of pep pills, which not only kept us awake but gave us a lift. We took all kinds of things – pills that girls took for menstruation, inhalers like Nostrilene, and other stuff. Opposite the college there was this little park with an aviary that had a cockatoo in it. Cocky the Cockatoo we used to call it. Keith used to feed it pep pills and make it stagger around on its perch. If ever we were feeling bored we'd go and give another upper to Cocky." One morning in 1961, on the train journey from Dartford to Sidcup, Richards happened to get into the same carriage as Mick Jagger, who was then a student at the London School of Economics. They recognised each other and began talking about the LPs Jagger had with him – blues and rhythm & blues albums he had acquired by mail-order from America. Richards was surprised and impressed that Jagger not only shared his enthusiasm for Chuck Berry and Muddy Waters but also that he owned such LPs which were extremely rare in Britain at the time. The two discovered that they had a mutual friend in Dick Taylor, with whom Jagger was singing in an amateur band called Little Boy Blue and the Blue Boys. Jagger invited Richards to a rehearsal and soon afterwards Richards also joined the line-up. The group disbanded after Jagger, Richards and Taylor met Brian Jones and Ian Stewart, with whom they went on to form The Rolling Stones (Taylor left the band in November 1962 to return to art school).

By mid-1962 Richards had left Sidcup Art College in favour of pursuing his fledgling musical career and moved into a London flat with Jagger and Jones. His parents divorced about the same time. Richards maintained close ties with his mother, who was very supportive of his musical activities, but he became estranged from his father and did not resume contact with him until 1982.

In 1963 Richards dropped the "s" from his surname and began using the professional name "Keith Richard", because Rolling Stones manager Andrew Loog Oldham felt it "looked more pop". (He used the s-less version as his pen name and stage name until the late 1970s.)

Musical career

Guitar playing

Richards' guitar playing shows his fascination with chords and rhythm; he avoids flamboyant virtuosity in favour of riffs which guitarist Chris Spedding described as "direct, incisive and unpretentious". Richards prefers to play in tandem with another guitarist and has always toured with one. Chuck Berry has been a constant inspiration for Richards. Richards and Jagger played many Berry numbers with the first band they played in, Little Boy Blue and the Blue Boys; and it was Richards and Jagger who introduced Berry's songs to The Rolling Stones' early repertoire. Jimmy Reed and Muddy Waters records were another early source of inspiration, and the basis for the style of interwoven lead and rhythm guitar that Richards developed with Brian Jones. In the late 1960s, Brian Jones's declining contributions led Richards to record all guitar parts on many tracks, including slide guitar, which had been Jones's specialty in the band's early years. Jones's replacement guitarist Mick Taylor worked with The Rolling Stones from 1969 to 1974, and Taylor's virtuosity at lead guitar led to a much more pronounced separation between lead and rhythm guitar roles, notably onstage.

The 1967/68 break in the Rolling Stones' touring allowed Richards to focus on open tunings. Open tunings are commonly used for slide guitar, but Richards used them for rhythm playing. In doing so, he developed an innovative and distinctive style of syncopated and ringing I-IV chording that can be heard on "Street Fighting Man" and "Start Me Up". Richards has used various open tunings (while continuing to use standard tuning) but has often favoured a five-string variant of open G tuning using GDGBD unencumbered by a low 6th string. Several of his Telecasters are tuned this way (see the "Guitars" section below), and this tuning is prominent on Rolling Stones tracks and concert renditions including "Honky Tonk Women", "Brown Sugar" and "Start Me Up".

Richards considers acoustic guitar to be the basis for his playing, and has said: "...you're never going to get the full potential out of an electric, because you lose that touch."

Richards has described his role in the Rolling Stones as "oiling the machinery". Wyman stated in 1978: "[O]nstage you have to follow Keith. You have no way of not following him."

Vocals

Richards's backing vocals appear on every Rolling Stones album; and on most albums since Between the Buttons (1967), he has sung lead or co-lead on at least one track (see list below). Richards views the vocal training he got in his choirboy days as part of his professional arsenal, and has said of his own singing: "It's not the most beautiful voice in the world anymore, but the Queen liked it, when it was at its best ... It's not been my job, singing, but to me, if you're gonna write songs, you've got to know how to sing." .

On stage, Richards began taking a regular lead-vocal turn in 1972, singing "Happy" (from the album Exile on Main Street). "Happy" has become one of Richards's signature songs, featured on most Rolling Stones tours ever since, as well as on both of Richards's solo tours. From 1972 to 1982, Richards routinely took one lead-vocal turn during Rolling Stones concerts; since 1989 he has normally sung lead on two numbers per show. Each of the band's studio albums since Dirty Work (1986) have also featured Richards's lead vocals on at least two tracks. During concerts on the two final legs (autumn 2006 and summer 2007) of The Rolling Stones' Bigger Bang Tour, Richards set his guitar aside to sing his 1969 ballad "You Got the Silver" without self-accompaniment. Prior to that he had occasionally switched from guitar to keyboards in concert, but these concerts were the first time since his choirboy days that Richards appeared on stage armed with only his voice.

Other instruments

Richards has played bass on about two dozen Rolling Stones studio recordings, from "Have You Seen Your Mother, Baby, Standing in the Shadow?" (1966) through "Infamy" (2005). One unusual instance was when he and Bill Wyman joined forces to play the bowed double bass on "Ruby Tuesday" (1967) – Wyman did the fingerboard work while Richards manned the bow. The rest of Richards's contributions that followed have been on bass guitar, rather than double bass. Among these were on tracks including "Jumpin' Jack Flash" (1968), "Sympathy for the Devil" (1968), "Live With Me" (1969), "Before They Make Me Run" (1978), "Sleep Tonight" (1986) and "Brand New Car" (1994). He has occasionally played bass on stage, including The Dirty Mac performance in 1968 (see "Recordings with other artists", below) and on "Sympathy for the Devil" at a Rolling Stones concert at Madison Square Garden in June 1975.

Richards's keyboard playing has also been featured on several Rolling Stones tracks, including "She Smiled Sweetly" (1967), "Memory Motel" (1976), "All About You" (1980), "Thru and Thru" (1994) and "This Place Is Empty" (2005), among others. He sometimes composes on piano – "Have You Seen Your Mother, Baby, Standing in the Shadow?" and "Let's Spend the Night Together" are two early examples; and he's said of his keyboard playing: "Maybe I'm a little more accomplished now – to me it's just a way of getting out of always using one instrument to write." Richards played keyboards on stage at two 1974 concerts while Ron Wood toured to support his solo albums, and on The New Barbarians' tour in 1979;

Richards has also served as percussionist on a few Rolling Stones tracks, including the floor tom on "Jumpin' Jack Flash" and bicycle spokes on "Continental Drift" (1989).

Songwriting

, San Francisco, June 1972]] Richards and Jagger collaborated on songs in 1963, following the nearby example of the Beatles' Lennon/McCartney and the encouragement of Rolling Stones manager Andrew Loog Oldham, who saw little future for a cover band. The earliest Jagger/Richards collaborations were recorded by other artists, including Gene Pitney, whose rendition of "That Girl Belongs to Yesterday" was their first top-ten single in the UK. Richards recalls: "We were writing these terrible pop songs that were becoming Top 10 hits. ... They had nothing to do with us, except we wrote 'em."

The Rolling Stones' first top-ten hit with a Jagger/Richards original was "The Last Time" (1965); "(I Can't Get No) Satisfaction" (also 1965) was their first international #1 recording. (Richards has stated that the "Satisfaction" riff came to him in his sleep; he woke up just long enough to record it on a cassette player by his bed.) Since Aftermath (1966) most Rolling Stones albums have consisted mainly of Jagger/Richards originals. Their songs reflect the influence of blues, R&B;, rock & roll, pop, soul, gospel and country, as well as forays into psychedelia and Dylanesque social commentary. Their work in the 1970s and beyond has incorporated elements of funk, disco, reggae and punk.

Record production

Richards has been active as a record producer since the 1960s. He was credited as producer and musical director on the 1966 album Today's Pop Symphony, one of manager Andrew Loog Oldham's side projects, although there are doubts about how much Richards was actually involved with it. On the Rolling Stones' 1967 album Their Satanic Majesties Request the entire band was credited as producer, but since 1974, Richards and Mick Jagger have frequently co-produced Rolling Stones and other artists' records under the joint name "The Glimmer Twins", often in collaboration with other producers.

Since the 1980s Richards has chalked up numerous production and co-production credits on projects with other artists including Aretha Franklin, Johnnie Johnson and Ronnie Spector, as well as on his own albums with the X-Pensive Winos (see below). In the 1990s Richards co-produced and added guitar and vocals to a recording of nyabinghi Rastafarian chanting and drumming entitled Wingless Angels, released on Richards's own record label, Mindless Records, in 1997.

Solo recordings

Generally resisting sustained ventures outside of The Rolling Stones, Richards has released few solo recordings. In 1978 he released his first solo single: renditions of Chuck Berry's "Run Rudolph Run" and Jimmy Cliff's "The Harder They Come". In 1987, after Jagger had put The Rolling Stones on hold in order to promote his solo albums, Richards formed a backing band boasting several high profile sidemen dubbed the "X-pensive Winos", enlisting the songwriting talents of drummer/record producer Steve Jordan. Jordan had played on some tracks on Dirty Work and in the band Richards assembled for the documentary Hail! Hail! Rock 'n' Roll (see below).

Besides Steve Jordan, the X-pensive Winos included Sarah Dash, Waddy Wachtel, Bobby Keys, Ivan Neville and Charley Drayton. Their first album, Talk Is Cheap (which also featured session musicians Bernie Worrell, Bootsy Collins and Maceo Parker), went gold and has remained a consistent seller. It spawned a brief US tour – one of only two that Richards has done as a solo artist. The first tour is documented on the Virgin release Live at the Hollywood Palladium, December 15, 1988. In 1992 Main Offender was released, and following a "warm-up concert" in Buenos Aires, the X-Pensive Winos (including a new member, backing vocalist Babi Floyd) toured Europe and North America.

Recordings with other artists

During the 1960s most of Richards's recordings with artists other than The Rolling Stones were sessions for Andrew Oldham's Immediate Records label. Notable exceptions were when Richards, along with Mick Jagger and numerous other guests, sang on The Beatles' 1967 TV broadcast of "All You Need Is Love";

In the 1970s Richards worked outside The Rolling Stones with Ronnie Wood on several occasions, contributing guitar, piano and vocals to Wood's first two solo albums and joining him on stage for two July 1974 concerts to promote I've Got My Own Album to Do. for the Chuck Berry film Hail! Hail! Rock 'n' Roll. Many of the band's unreleased songs and studio jam sessions are widely bootlegged, as are numerous Richards solo recordings, including his 1977 Toronto studio sessions, some 1981 studio sessions and tapes made during his 1983 wedding trip to Mexico. Even though Richards has used many different guitar models, in a 1986 Guitar World interview he joked that no matter what model he plays, "give me five minutes and I'll make 'em all sound the same." The guitar was the first "star-owned" Les Paul in Britain and served as one of Richards's main instruments through 1966. He later sold the guitar to future Rolling Stones bandmate Mick Taylor. 1961 Epiphone Casino: Richards first used this instrument in May 1964, shortly before the Stones' first tour of America. The guitar (along with the 1959 Les Paul Standard) became a frequently used guitar by Richards until 1966. 1957 Gibson Les Paul Custom: In 1966 Richards acquired a 1957 Les Paul Custom, and hand-painted it with psychedelic patterns in 1968. It served as his main stage and studio guitar from 1966 through the end of the Rolling Stones' 1970 European tour, for which he acquired a second late-50s Les Paul Custom which he used in open-G tuning.

1969 Gibson SG: In the 1969 film "Gimme Shelter", Richards is seen playing the iconic Gibson SG, with its signature "Heritage Cherry" finish. It is this Gibson flat-body which produced the raw, driving chord progression heard in the live version of "Jumping Jack Flash" on the Stones' 1969 live album "GET YER YA-YAS OUT!".

Gibson ES-355s: Richards used this semi-hollow model on stage during the Rolling Stones' 1969 tour; it was a favourite for both Richards and Taylor during recording sessions for Sticky Fingers and Exile on Main St. Richards has also used ES-355s on every tour since 1997. In 2006 he also unveiled a white Gibson ES-345. Gibson Les Paul Juniors: Richards has regularly used both single-cutaway and double-cutaway Juniors since 1973. The one he is most frequently seen with is a TV-yellow double-cutaway instrument nicknamed "Dice", which he has used since 1979. On recent tours he has used this guitar for "Midnight Rambler" and "Out of Control". 1953 Fender Telecaster: Richards acquired this butterscotch Telecaster in 1971. Nicknamed "Micawber", after a character in Charles Dickens's novel David Copperfield, it is set up for five-string open-G tuning (-GDGBD), and has only five bridge saddles. The neck pick-up has been replaced by a Gibson PAF humbucking pick-up, and the bridge pick-up has been replaced by a Fender lap steel pick-up (similar to a Fender Broadcaster pick-up). "Micawber" is one of Richards' main stage guitars, and is often used to play "Brown Sugar", "Before They Make Me Run", and "Honky Tonk Women". Fender Twin - Since the 1990s, Richards has tended to use a variety of Fender "tweed" Twins on stage. Containing a pair of 12" speakers, the Fender Twin was, by 1958, an 80-watt all-tube guitar amplifier. Richards has utilised a pair of Fender Twins to "to achieve his signature clean/dirty rhythm and lead sound."

Fender Dual Showman - first acquired in 1964, Richards made frequent use of his blackface Dual Showman amp through mid-1966. Used to record The Rolling Stones, Now!, Out of Our Heads, December's Children and Aftermath before switching over to various prototype amplifiers from Vox in 1967 and the fairly new Hiwatt in 1968

Effects

, Brazil, 1995]] In 1965 Richards used a Gibson Maestro fuzzbox to achieve the distinctive tone of his riff on "(I Can't Get No) Satisfaction"; the success of the resulting single boosted the sales of the device to the extent that all available stock had sold out by the end of 1965. In the 1970s and early 1980s Richards frequently used guitar effects such as a wah-wah pedal, a phaser and a Leslie speaker, but he mainly relies on combining "the right amp with the right guitar" to achieve the sound he wants.

Public image and private life

Richards, who has been frank about his habits, has earned notoriety for his decadent outlaw persona. Rock critic Nick Kent summed up his 1970s image: "[Keith Richards] was the big Lord Byron figure. He was mad, bad, and dangerous to know." In 1994 Richards said of this image: "It's something you drag around behind you like a long shadow ... Even though that was nearly twenty years ago, you cannot convince some people that I'm not a mad drug addict. So I've still got that [image] in my baggage." In 2010, Peter Hitchens wrote of Richards that he is "a capering streak of living gristle who ought to be exhibited as a warning to the young of what drugs can do to you even if you're lucky enough not to choke on your own vomit".

Richards has been tried on drug-related charges five times: in 1967, twice in 1973, in 1977 and in 1978. The first trial – the only one involving a prison sentence The subsequent arrest of Richards and Jagger put them on trial before the Courts of the United Kingdom as well as the court of public opinion. On 29 June 1967, Jagger was sentenced to three months' imprisonment for possession of four amphetamine tablets; Richards was found guilty of allowing cannabis to be smoked on his property and sentenced to one year in prison. Both Jagger and Richards were imprisoned at that point: Jagger was taken to Brixton prison in south London, and Richards to Wormwood Scrubs Prison in west London. Both were released on bail the next day pending appeal. On 1 July The Times ran an editorial entitled "Who breaks a butterfly on a wheel?", portraying Jagger's sentence as persecution, and public sentiment against the convictions increased. A month later the appeals court overturned Richards's conviction for lack of evidence, while Jagger was given a conditional discharge. The most serious charges Richards faced resulted from his arrest on 27 February 1977 at Toronto's Harbour Castle Hotel (), when the Royal Canadian Mounted Police found him in possession of "22 grams of heroin". Richards was originally charged with "possession of heroin for the purpose of trafficking" – an offence that under the Criminal Code of Canada can result in prison sentences of seven years to life. His passport was confiscated and Richards and his family remained in Toronto until 1 April, when Richards was allowed to enter the United States on a medical visa for treatment for heroin addiction. The charge against him was later reduced to "simple possession of heroin".

For the next two years, Richards lived under threat of criminal sanction. Throughout this period he remained active with The Rolling Stones, recording their biggest-selling studio album, Some Girls, and touring North America. Richards was tried in October 1978, pleading guilty to possession of heroin. He was given a suspended sentence and put on probation for one year, with orders to continue treatment for heroin addiction and to perform a benefit concert on behalf of the Canadian National Institute for the Blind. Although the prosecution had filed an appeal of the sentence, Richards performed two CNIB benefit concerts at Oshawa Civic Auditorium on 22 April 1979; both shows featured The Rolling Stones and The New Barbarians. In September 1979 the Ontario Court of Appeal upheld the original sentence.

Later in 1979, Richards met future wife, model Patti Hansen. They married on 18 December 1983, Richards's 40th birthday, and have two daughters, Theodora and Alexandra, born in 1985 and 1986 respectively.

Richards maintains cordial relations with Italian-born actress Anita Pallenberg, the mother of his first three children; although they were never married, Richards and Pallenberg were a couple from 1967 to 1979. Together they have a son, Marlon (named after the actor Marlon Brando), born in 1969, and a daughter, Angela (originally named Dandelion), born in 1972. Their third child, a boy named Tara (after Richards's and Pallenberg's friend Guinness heir Tara Browne), died on 6 June 1976, less than three months after his birth.

Richards still owns Redlands, the Sussex estate he purchased in 1966, as well as a home in Weston, Connecticut and another in Turks & Caicos. He is an avid reader with a strong interest in history and owns an extensive library. It recently came to light that Richards yearns to be a librarian.

21st century

On 27 April 2006, Richards, while in Fiji, suffered a head injury after falling out of a tree; he subsequently underwent cranial surgery at a New Zealand hospital. The incident caused a six-week delay in launching The Rolling Stones' 2006 European tour and the rescheduling of several shows; the revised tour schedule included a brief statement from Richards apologising for "falling off his perch". The band made up most of the postponed dates in 2006, and toured Europe in the summer of 2007 to make up the remainder.

In August 2006 Richards was granted a pardon by Arkansas governor Mike Huckabee for a 1975 reckless driving citation.

On 12 March 2007 Richards attended the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame ceremony to induct The Ronettes; he also played guitar during the ceremony's all-star jam session. and quoted him as replying: "My father. I snorted my father. He was cremated and I couldn't resist grinding him up with a little bit of blow. My dad wouldn't have cared ... It went down pretty well, and I'm still alive." In the media uproar that followed, Richards' manager said that the anecdote had been meant as a joke; Beaumont told Uncut magazine that the interview had been conducted by international telephone and that he had misquoted Richards at one point (reporting that Richards had said he listens to Motörhead, when what he had said was Mozart), but that he believed the ash-snorting anecdote was true. Musician Jay Farrar from the band Son Volt wrote a song titled 'Cocaine And Ashes', which was inspired by Richards drug habits.

Doris Richards, the guitarist's 91-year-old mother, died of cancer in England on 21 April 2007. An official statement released by a Richards representative stated that Richards, her only child, kept a vigil by her bedside during her last days.

Richards made a cameo appearance as Captain Teague, the father of Captain Jack Sparrow (played by Johnny Depp), in , released in May 2007, and won the Best Celebrity Cameo award at the 2007 Spike Horror Awards for the role. Depp has stated that he based many of Sparrow's mannerisms on Richards.

On 28 October 2008 Richards appeared at the Musicians' Hall of Fame induction ceremony in Nashville, Tennessee, joining the newly inducted Crickets on stage for performances of "Peggy Sue", "Not Fade Away" and "That'll Be the Day".

In August 2009, Richards was ranked #4 in Time magazine's list of the 10 best electric guitar players of all time. In September 2009 Richards revealed to Rolling Stone magazine that in addition to anticipating a new Rolling Stones album, he has done some recording with Jack White: "I enjoy working with Jack," he said. "We’ve done a couple of tracks." On 17 October 2009, Richards received the Rock Immortal Award at Spike TV’s Scream 2009 awards ceremony at the Greek Theatre in Los Angeles; the award was presented by Johnny Depp. "I liked the living legend, that was all right," Richards said, referring to an award he received in 1989, "but immortal is even better."

In 2009, a book of Richards' quotations was published, titled What Would Keith Richards Do?: Daily Affirmations from a Rock 'n' Roll Survivor.

In August 2007 Richards signed a publishing deal for his autobiography, Life, which was released October 26, 2010. On October 15, 2010, the Associated Press published an article stating that Richards refers to Mick Jagger as "unbearable" in the book and notes that their relationship has been strained "for decades."

Discography

Studio albums

{|class="wikitable" |- !rowspan="2"| Year !rowspan="2"| Title !colspan="2"| Chart positions !rowspan="2"| Certifications(sales thresholds) |- ! U.K. ! U.S. |- |1988 |Talk Is Cheap

Released: October 3, 1988

Label: Virgin

| style="text-align:center;"|37 [3 wks] | style="text-align:center;"|24 [23 wks] |

US: Gold

|- |1991 |Live at the Hollywood Palladium, December 15, 1988

Released: December 10, 1991

Label: Virgin

| style="text-align:center;"| — | style="text-align:center;"| — |- |1992 |Main Offender

Released: October 19, 1992

Label: Virgin

| style="text-align:center;"|45 [2 wks] | style="text-align:center;"|99 [10 wks] |- |2010 |Vintage Vinos

Released: November 2, 2010

Label: Mindless Records

| style="text-align:center;"| — | style="text-align:center;"| — |- |}

Singles

Guest appearances on other artists' releases

The Beatles: backing vocals on "All You Need Is Love" broadcast (1967)

The Dirty Mac: The Rolling Stones' Rock & Roll Circus (recorded 1968, released 2004): bass on "Yer Blues" and "Her Blues"

Billy Preston: That's the Way God Planned It (1969): bass

Alexis Korner: Musically Rich...and Famous: Anthology 1967-1982 (2003): guitar on "Get Off of My Cloud" (recorded 1974 or 1975)

Ronnie Wood: I've Got My Own Album to Do (1974): co-composer, guitar and vocals on "Sure the One You Need"; co-composer, guitar, piano and backing vocals on "Act Together"; guitar and backing vocals on several other tracks; The First Barbarians Live From Kilburn (recorded 1974, released 2007): guitar, vocals, keyboards; Now Look (1975): guitar and backing vocals on "Breathe on Me", "I Can't Stand the Rain" and "I Can Say She's Alright"; Gimme Some Neck (1979): guitar and backing vocals on "Buried Alive", backing vocals on "Seven Days"

Faces: The Faces' Final Concert (recorded 1974, released 2000): guitar on "Sweet Little Rock & Roller", "I’d Rather Go Blind" and "Twistin’ The Night Away"

John Phillips: Pay, Pack & Follow (recorded 1976–1977, released 2001) and Pussycat (outtakes and alternate mixes - recorded 1976-77, released 2008): co-producer, guitar, backing vocals

Peter Tosh: Bush Doctor (1978): guitar

The New Barbarians: (recorded 1979, released 2006): guitar, piano, lead and backing vocals

Ian McLagan: Troublemaker (1979, re-released in 2005 as Here Comes Trouble): guitar and backing vocals on "Truly"

Screamin' Jay Hawkins: Portrait of a Man: A History of Screamin' Jay Hawkins (1979): guitar on "I Put a Spell on You and "Armpit #6"

Max Romeo: Holding Out My Love For You (1981): guitar, mixing

Tom Waits: Rain Dogs (1985): guitar and backing vocals on "Big Black Mariah", "Union Square" and "Blind Love"; Bone Machine (1992): co-composer, guitar and vocals on "That Feel"

Sun City: Artists United Against Apartheid (1985): co-composer and guitar on "Silver and Gold"

Slim Jim Phantom, Lee Rocker & Earl Slick: Phantom Rocker and Slick (1986): guitar on "My Mistake"

Aretha Franklin: Jumpin' Jack Flash film soundtrack (1986): producer and guitar on title track, also on (2007)

Chuck Berry concert film Hail! Hail! Rock 'n' Roll (1987): musical producer, guitar and backing vocals

Nona Hendryx: Female Trouble (1987): guitar on "Rock This House"

Ziggy Marley: Conscious Party (1988): guitar on "Lee & Molly"

Feargal Sharkey: Wish (1988): guitar on "More Love"

The Dirty Strangers: Dirty Strangers (1988): guitar; From W12 to Wittering (2009): piano on five tracks, co-composer of "Real Botticelli"

Johnnie Johnson: Johnnie B. Bad (1991): co-producer, guitar and vocals on "Key to the Highway", co-composer and guitar on "Tanqueray"

John Lee Hooker: Mr. Lucky (1991): guitar on "Crawling King Snake", guitar and backing vocals on "Whiskey and Wimmen"

The Neville Brothers: Uptown (1991): guitar

Weird Nightmare: Meditations on Mingus (1992): guitar and vocals on "Oh Lord Don't Let Them Drop That Atomic Bomb on Me"

George Jones: Bradley Barn Sessions (1994): guitar and vocals on "Say It's Not You"; Burn Your Playhouse Down - The Unreleased Duets (2008): vocals on "Burn Your Playhouse Down" (recorded in 1994)

Bernie Worrell: Funk of Ages (1994): guitar

Bobby Womack: Resurrection (1994): guitar

Marianne Faithfull: A Collection (1994): co-producer and guitar on "Ghost Dance"; Easy Come, Easy Go (2008): guitar and harmony vocals on "Sing Me Back Home"

The Chieftains: Long Black Veil (1995): guitar on "The Rocky Road to Dublin"

Ivan Neville: Thanks (1995): guitar; Scrape (2004): guitar

Bo Diddley: A Man Amongst Men (1996): guitar on "Bo Diddley Is Crazy"

B.B. King: Deuces Wild (1997): guitar on "Paying the Cost to Be the Boss"

Wingless Angels (1997): co-producer, guitar, backing vocals

Scotty Moore: All the King's Men (1997): guitar and vocals on "Deuce and a Quarter"

Jimmy Rogers All-Stars: Blues Blues Blues (1999): guitar on "Trouble No More", "Don't Start Me Talkin'" and "Goin' Away"

Sheryl Crow: Sheryl Crow & Friends: Live From Central Park (1999): guitar and vocals on "Happy"

Charlie Watts: Charlie Watts - Jim Keltner Project (2000): guitar on "The Elvin Suite"

Timeless: Tribute to Hank Williams (2001): guitar and vocals on "You Win Again"

Peter Wolf: Sleepless (2002): guitar and vocals on "Too Close Together"

Willie Nelson & Friends: Stars & Guitars (2002): guitar and vocals on "Dead Flowers"; Outlaws & Angels (2004): guitar and vocals on "We Had It All", guitar on "Trouble in Mind" and "Whole Lotta Shakin' Goin On"

Hubert Sumlin: About Them Shoes (2004): guitar and vocals on "Still a Fool", guitar on "I Love the Life I Lead" and "Little Girl"

Toots & the Maytals: True Love (2004): guitar and vocals on "Careless Ethiopians"; guitar and backing vocals on "Pressure Drop" (released 2007)

Return to Sin City: A Tribute to Gram Parsons (2004): guitar and vocals on "Love Hurts", "Hickory Wind" and "Wild Horses"

Make It Funky (2005): guitar and vocals on "I'm Ready"

Les Paul & Friends: American Made World Played (2005): guitar on "Good Morning Little Schoolgirl"

Buddy Guy: Bring 'Em In (2005): guitar on "The Price You Gotta Pay"

Jerry Lee Lewis: Last Man Standing: The Duets (2006): guitar and vocals on "That Kind of Fool"

Ronnie Spector: Last of the Rock Stars (2006): guitar and vocals on "It's Gonna Work Out Fine", guitar on "All I Want"

Lee "Scratch" Perry: Scratch Came Scratch Saw Scratch Conquered (2008): guitar on "Heavy Voodoo" and "Once There's a Will There's a Way"

Little Steven's Underground Garage: Christmas a Go-Go (2008): This compilation album starts with Richards' "Run Rudolph Run", which the liner notes state is now "available for the first time on CD"

Richards also appeared on The Simpsons episode How I Spent My Strummer Vacation

Lead vocals on Rolling Stones tracks

Below is a list of the officially released Rolling Stones tracks on which Richards sings lead vocals or shares lead-vocal duties:

"Something Happened to Me Yesterday" (alternates with Jagger), "Connection" (co-lead with Jagger) - Between the Buttons (1967)

"Salt of the Earth" (first verse) - Beggars Banquet (1968)

"You Got the Silver" - Let It Bleed (1969)

"Happy" - Exile On Main St. (1972)

"Coming Down Again" - Goats Head Soup (1973)

"Memory Motel" (alternates with Jagger) - Black and Blue (1976)

"Happy" (live) - Love You Live (1977)

"Before They Make Me Run" - Some Girls (1978)

"All About You" - Emotional Rescue (1980)

"Little T&A;" - Tattoo You (1981)

"Wanna Hold You" - Undercover (1983)

"Too Rude", "Sleep Tonight" - Dirty Work (1986)

"Can't Be Seen", "Slipping Away" - Steel Wheels (1989)

"Can't Be Seen" (live) - Flashpoint (1991)

"The Worst", "Thru and Thru" - Voodoo Lounge (1994)

"Slipping Away" (acoustic studio rehearsal) - Stripped (1995)

"You Don't Have to Mean It", "Thief in the Night", "How Can I Stop" - Bridges to Babylon (1997)

"Thief in the Night" (live) - No Security (1999)

"Losing My Touch" - Forty Licks (2002)

"Happy" (live), "The Nearness of You" (live), "You Don't Have to Mean It" (live) - Live Licks (2004)

"This Place Is Empty", "Infamy" - A Bigger Bang (2005)

"Hurricane" - CD single (free at U.S. Rolling Stones concerts in 2005 with donation to Hurricane Katrina fund)

"Thru and Thru" (live) - Rarities 1971-2003 (2005)

"You Got the Silver" (live), "Connection" (live), "Little T&A;" (live) - Shine a Light (2008)

References

External links

The Official Keith Richards website (requires Flash)

in 2010

CBC Archives Richards's trial and sentencing in 24 Oct. 1978 and 16 April 1979

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Category:1943 births Category:English guitarists Category:English rock musicians Category:English-language singers Category:English male singers Category:English rock guitarists Category:English songwriters Category:Ivor Novello Award winners Category:Living people Category:People from Dartford Category:People from Staten Island Category:The Rolling Stones members Category:Songwriters Hall of Fame inductees Category:Recipients of American gubernatorial pardons Category:Lead guitarists Category:Rhythm guitarists Category:The Dirty Mac