Damon Reece (born 16 February 1967) is an English drummer, who has been a member of Spiritualized, Echo & the Bunnymen and Lupine Howl.

Biography

Growing up in Croydon, Reece moved to Liverpool at the age of eighteen and played in various local bands. Following the death of Pete de Freitas, Reece joined the re-grouped Echo & the Bunnymen, appearing on the album ''Reverberation'' (1990). This incarnation of the band met with little success and disbanded shortly afterwards. Reece later joined Spiritualized, but an internal dispute with Jason Pierce following the release of ''Ladies and Gentlemen We Are Floating in Space'' (1997) resulted in Reece leaving to form Lupine Howl. Reece has also worked with Massive Attack and Goldfrapp.

He lives in Bristol with his partner Elizabeth Fraser (the lead singer of Cocteau Twins), and their daughter Lily (born in 1998).

References

Category:1967 births Category:Living people Category:English rock drummers Category:Echo & the Bunnymen members Category:English session musicians

Name	Elizabeth Fraser
background	solo_singer
Birth name	Elizabeth Davidson Fraser
Born	August 29, 1963Grangemouth, Scotland, UK
Genre	Gothic rock, Ambient, Dreampop, Ethereal wave
Occupation	Singer
Years active	1982–present
Associated acts	Cocteau TwinsThis Mortal CoilMassive Attack
Website	Official website}}

Elizabeth Davidson Fraser (born 29 August 1963, Grangemouth) is a Scottish singer best known as the vocalist for the pioneer dreampop group Cocteau Twins. Described by critic Jason Ankeny as "an utterly unique performer whose swooping, operatic vocals relied less on any recognizable language than on the subjective sounds and textures of verbalized emotions," Fraser's distinctive singing earned much critical praise. She was once described as "the voice of God." Fraser's singing veers between semi-comprehensible lyrics and abstract mouth music; fans have oft-debated the inspiration and meaning of her lyrics, but over the years Fraser has been reluctant to discuss such topics. Fraser has a soprano vocal range.

Fraser and Cocteau Twins

Fraser was the vocalist and lyricist in Cocteau Twins, a group founded in 1981 by Robin Guthrie and Will Heggie. At the time, she was 17 years old, and had never thought of herself as a singer. Guthrie and Heggie noticed her dancing at a club one night, and asked her to join their band. After an on-off phase, the band recorded some tracks which were sent as demos to John Peel and Ivo Watts-Russell of 4AD which led to their being signed by the London-based label and a successful career in music. Fraser and Guthrie formed a relationship, and had a daughter, Lucy Belle, in 1989. Guthrie liberally used drugs and alcohol through the years, and Fraser suffered a nervous breakdown during the recording of ''Four-Calendar Café''. The couple broke up in 1992, still opting to continue a musical relationship until 1998, when Cocteau Twins were disbanded.

Fraser had an intense personal relationship with singer Jeff Buckley and recorded a duet with him, "All Flowers In Time Bend Towards The Sun", written by Buckley but never released commercially. She speaks candidly about their relationship in the BBC documentary, ''Jeff Buckley: Everybody Here Wants You''.

Cocteau Twins were due to perform for the North American Coachella Festival on 30 April 2005, but cancelled on 16 March 2005.

During the years of working as part of Cocteau Twins, Fraser also collaborated with numerous artists, appearing on 4AD house band This Mortal Coil's first release along with her bandmates where her notable contributions included a cover version of Tim Buckley's "Song to the Siren", and providing one-off vocals for acts such as Felt (''Primitive Painters''), Dif Juz (''Extractions'' LP), the Future Sound of London (''Lifeforms'' EP), the Wolfgang Press, Ian McCulloch and others.

Post-Cocteau Twins

After the breakup of Cocteau Twins in 1998, Fraser continued to collaborate with a range of performers, including The Future Sound of London, Elliot Goldenthal, Craig Armstrong, Massive Attack (including extensive tours performing with the band in 2006), and Peter Gabriel's millennium project ''OVO''.

She has subsequently contributed to the soundtracks of several films, such as, ''In Dreams'', ''Cruel Intentions'', ''The Winter Guest'' and ''The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers'' (also uncredited in the soundtrack of the ''Fellowship of the Ring'' Extended Edition DVD), and has occasionally appeared as a guest artist on other musicians' projects. In 2005, she also participated in Yann Tiersen's album ''Les Retrouvailles''. She sings in two pieces: "Kala" and "Mary".

Solo career

Aside from the work with other artists, Fraser's solo career has been quiet. In 2000, a white label recording, ''Underwater'', was released in a limited edition of only 200 copies. She contributed a cover version of "At Last I am Free" (originally by '70s band Chic, covered by Robert Wyatt) on the 2003 album ''Stop Me If You Think You've Heard This One Before'', a celebration of 25 year of Rough Trade Records. In 2004, Fraser was invited to participate in a unique audio exhibit, "Shhh...", at London's Victoria and Albert Museum for which she produced a piece called "Expectant Mood", which has not been made commercially available. Fraser has reportedly signed to Blanco y Negro Records, but little is known about the progress of an officially released solo album. In December 2006 ''New Music Express'' magazine reported that her solo album was due for release in early 2007. The album would have contained eight tracks, one of which is to be a cover version. No titles were announced and the album was never released. Its current status is unknown.

In November 2009 Fraser released a solo single, '"Moses", available on 12" and download through Rough Trade. The single was recorded some time ago with her partner of more than a decade – Massive Attack's drummer Damon Reece, and close friend Jake Drake-Brockman - and was a memorial to Jake Drake-Brockman.

Website

The official website Elizabethfraser.com was initially created by a fan, but was taken over by Fraser's management company on 22 March 2007. , the new site content is updated with news on the release for the new single "Moses".

Family

Elizabeth Fraser lives with her partner, musician Damon Reece (from the band Lupine Howl), in Bristol. She has two daughters, Lucy Belle Guthrie, her daughter with Robin Guthrie and Lily, her daughter with Damon Reece.

Collaboration and guest appearances with others: (1982 - present)

! Artist	! Album	! Track(s)	! Date	! Label	! Catalogue
Massive Attack		"Silent Spring"	2006	EMI
Yann Tiersen	''Les Retrouvailles''	"Mary", "Kala"	14 June 2005	EMI	B000852GIQ
Various artists (compilation)	''Stop Me If You Think You've Heard This One Before...''	"At Last I Am Free"	7 October 2003	Rough Trade
Howard Shore	''The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers''	"Isengard Unleashed"	10 December 2002	Warner Brothers
Howard Shore	''The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring''	"Lothlórien: The Lament for Gandalf"	20 November 2001	Warner Brothers
Peter Gabriel	''OVO''	"Downside Up", "Make Tomorrow"	8 August 2000	EMI
Elliot Goldenthal; Elizabeth Fraser	''In Dreams (soundtrack)''	"Dream Baby"	12 January 1999	EMI
Simon Raymonde	''Blame Someone Else''	"Worship Me"	1998	Bella Union	Bella CD1
Massive Attack			1998	Virgin
Michael Kamen	''The Winter Guest''	"Take Me With You"	13 January 1998	Universal
	''The Space Between Us''	"This Love"	24 February 1998	Melankolic
	''Sunpowder''	"Danger in Love", "The Dutch Venus", "Angel on Ruskin", "The Night is Young"	1995	Marina
	''Live A Little, Love A Lot''	"Play God"	1995	Play It Again Sam Records	BIAS 320 CD
The Future Sound of London	''Lifeforms'' [Remixes] EP		29 July 1994	Astralwerks	ASW 6114-2
	''Sounds of Medicine''	"Time Baby 3"	1994	Beggars Banquet	ARBCDM 8
	''Mysterio''	"Heaven's Gate"	1992	Sire Records	9 26684-2
Ian McCulloch	''Candleland''	"Candleland"	1989	Sire Records	9 26012-2
Dif Juz	''Extractions''	"Love Insane"	1985	4AD	CAD 505
	''Primitive Painters/Cathedral''	"Primitive Painters"	1985	Cherry Red	12 CHERRY 89
The Wolfgang Press	''Scarecrow''	"Respect"	1984	4AD	BAD 409

References

External links

Official website

2009 Interview with Fraser, her first in a decade. ''The Guardian'' 26 November 2009

Category:1963 births Category:Living people Category:Female rock singers Category:Scottish singers Category:People from Grangemouth Category:4AD Category:Scottish female singers Category:Scottish sopranos

de:Elizabeth Fraser fr:Elizabeth Fraser it:Elizabeth Fraser pl:Elizabeth Fraser pt:Elizabeth Fraser fi:Elizabeth Fraser sv:Elizabeth Fraser

name	Jeffrey Lewis
background	solo_singer
birth name	Jeffrey Lewis
born	November 20, 1975New York City, United States
genre	Anti-folk
years active	1997–present
label	Rough Trade
associated acts	Schwervon!, Kimya Dawson, Sufjan Stevens, Major Matt Mason USA, Jack Lewis, Adam Green
website	Official Site }}

Jeffrey Lewis (born November 20, 1975 in New York City) is an American singer/songwriter and comic book artist.

Early life

Lewis attended State University of New York at Purchase and graduated in 1997 with a degree in Literature. His Senior Literary Thesis was on the comic book ''Watchmen''.

Lewis also lectured on the topic of ''Watchmen'' at the Institute For Cultural Studies at the University of Leuven, Belgium, in 2000, and the text of his lecture ("The Dual Nature of Apocalypse in Watchmen") was published in the book ''The Graphic Novel'', edited by Jan Baetens, in 2001.

Starting in 2000, he spent about 2 years living in Austin, Texas, playing open mic nights, working odd jobs and distributing his autobiographical comics to local coffee shops.

Music

Several of his musical influences have been acknowledged in his songs such as "Williamsburg Will Oldham Horror", "The History of The Fall" and "The Chelsea Hotel Oral Sex Song", concerning the song by Leonard Cohen. Lewis' lyrics are complex and literate, often combining a nihilistic world-view with a hopeful message and sharp wit. Growing up on the Lower East Side of Manhattan Island his songs are also highly informed by his home surroundings, with songs name-dropping places such as Williamsburg, the FDR Drive and the East River.

Lewis is often regarded as part of the antifolk movement, first and foremost because he was one of the many bands and performers (including The Moldy Peaches, Major Matt Mason USA and Lach) who played in the 1990s at New York's Sidewalk Cafe and its biannual antifolk festivals and open mic events. His music also possesses certain traits of a perceived antifolk style - a downbeat self-deprecating humor, an off-kilter singing style, a mixture of acoustic and 'punk' songs which feature themes of everyday occurrences and feelings. Lewis himself does not mind the 'antifolk' tag: "I think it's a cool title. The fact that no one knows what it means, including me, makes it kind of mysterious and more interesting than saying that you’re a singer/songwriter or that you play indie rock."

After being signed by the British record label Rough Trade in 2001, Jeffrey Lewis released his first official album ''The Last Time I Did Acid I Went Insane''.

In 2003 he released the album ''It's the Ones Who've Cracked That the Light Shines Through,'' with drummer Anders Griffen. His third record, ''City and Eastern Songs'', was released in the UK in November 2005 and in the US in September 2006. All three of these albums also include his brother, Jack Lewis, who wrote and sang a number of the songs. In October 2007, Jeffrey released ''12 Crass Songs'', an album consisting entirely of songs written by the anarcho-pacifist British punk band Crass, reworked to match Jeffrey's antifolk style.

He has also performed and collaborated with Kimya Dawson of The Moldy Peaches as well as Diane Cluck. Some of his hand-drawn comics appear in the cover art of his CD releases.

In June 2008 Jeffrey Lewis with his brother Jack were the support act for Stephen Malkmus and the Jicks in Europe. Other well-known acts that Jeffrey has performed shows or whole tours with include Devendra Banhart, Jarvis Cocker, Black Dice, Adam Green, Thurston Moore, the Fall, Kimya Dawson, Beth Orton, Frank Black, the Fiery Furnaces, Daniel Johnston, Scout Niblett, the Mountain Goats, Dr. Dog, the Moldy Peaches, Cornershop, Trachtenburg Family Slideshow Players, Wooden Wand, the Cribs, Danielson, Herman Dune, Los Campesinos, and Super Furry Animals.

The New York Times online Op-Ed page "Measure For Measure" hired Jeffrey Lewis to write four short essays on the topic of songwriting, which were published at intervals in Fall/Winter 2008.

Artwork

Jeffrey has his own comic book series titled 'Fuff' (formerly called 'Guff') available via Olive Juice Music.

In March 2009, he designed the cover to the sixth issue of ''Bearded'' magazine.

Comics

''Reflections on Tomorrow thus a yesterday Flower Shall Doom'' (1998)

''The Worldwide Comix Scavenger Hunt vol 1'' (1998–2003)

''Reflections #2'' (1998–2003)

''Trip to Key West'' (1999)

''1999 European Travel Diary'' (1999)

''Jeff's Austin Diary'' (2001)

''Come to My Show'' (2004)

''Fuff # 1''

''Guff # 2''

''Guff # 3''

''Fuff # 4''

''Fuff # 5''

''Fuff # 6''

''Fuff # 7''

''Fuff # 8''

''The Art of Touring'' (2007)

''Comic book press kit for Mountain Goats' album 'Heretic Pride'' (2008)

Discography

Albums/EPs

''When Madman Was Good - Version One'' (1997)

''When Madman Was Good - Version Two'' (1998)

''Indie-Rock Fortune Cookie'' (1998)

''Journey to the Center of the Earth'' (1999)

''The Only Time I Feel Right Is When I'm Drawing Comic Books'' (2000)

''I Am, Of Course, Glad'' (2000)

''Kimya Dawson And Jeff Lewis'' (2001)

''Songs From Austin'' (2001)

''Diane Cluck And Jeffrey Lewis'' (2001)

''The Last Time I Did Acid I Went Insane'' (2001)

''Guitar Situations: Musical Conduct'' (2002)

''AntiFolk Collaborations Volume 1'' (2002)

''It's the Ones Who've Cracked That the Light Shines Through'' (2003)

''Jeffrey Lewis "Four Seasons" Box Set'' (2004)

''City and Eastern Songs'' (Jeffrey & Jack Lewis) (2005)

''Gas Money EP'' (2005) (split with Schwervon!)

''Tapes From The Crypt'' (2006)

''12 Crass Songs'' (2007)

''City and Eastern Tapes'' (2008)

'''Em Are I'' (Jeffrey Lewis & the Junkyard) (2009)

''Come On Board'' (Peter Stampfel & Jeffrey Lewis) ( January 2011)

''A Turn In The Dream-Songs'' (''to be released'' - October 2011)

Singles

''The Chelsea Hotel Oral Sex Song'' (2001)

''Back When I Was Four'' (2002)

''Graveyard/Spirit of Love'' (2002)

''No LSD Tonight/Don't Let The Record Label Take You Out To Lunch'' (2003)

''Williamsburg Will Oldham Horror'' (2005)

''Had It All'' (2005)

''To Be Objectified'' (2009)

''Roll Bus, Roll'' (2010)

Compilation Appearances

''Antifolk Vol. 1'' (2002) - "You Don't Have To Be A Scientist To Do Experiments on Your Own Heart

''Call It What You Want This Is Antifolk'' (2002) - So Long (I'm Gonna Go Draw All Alone In My Shack)

''Stop Me If You Think You've Heard This One Before'' (2003) -'' "Part-Time Punks"

''The Art Star Sounds Compilation'' (2005) - "Williamsburg Will Oldham Horror"

''Still Unravished- A Tribute to June Brides'' (2006) - Waiting For A Change

''Anticomp Folkilation'' (2007) - "The River" (with Diane Cluck)

External links

The official Jeffrey Lewis website

Russian-english podcast about Jeffrey Lewis in Moscow

References

Category:1975 births Category:Living people Category:American male singers Category:Songwriters from New York Category:Anti-folk musicians Category:American comics artists Category:American folk singers Category:Rough Trade Records artists Category:State University of New York at Purchase alumni

cy:Jeffrey Lewis de:Jeffrey Lewis fr:Jeffrey Lewis no:Jeffrey Lewis

Name	Patrick Duff
Background	solo_singer
Birth name	Patrick Duff
Birth date	June 30, 1966
Origin	Bristol, England
Instrument	Guitar, Piano
Genre	Folk/Alternative Rock,
Occupation	Singer-songwriter
Years active	1990–present
Label	EMI Harvest
Associated acts	Strangelove Moon
Website	}}

Patrick Duff is an English singer-songwriter, and was the lead singer of the alternative rock band Strangelove.

Biography

Patrick Duff was born in Bristol, England, to an Irish father and a Welsh mother on 30 June 1966. After dropping out of school and spending time as a street busker, he became lead singer of the alternative rock band Strangelove, who were signed to Food, Parlophone/EMI. The band released three critically acclaimed albums, ''Time For The Rest of Your Life'', ''Love and Other Demons'' and ''Strangelove'' between 1991 and 1998.

After Strangelove ended, Duff briefly formed another band, Moon, who split up after nine months and released one single, "Anaesthesia". Between 2000 and 2004 he went on to travel the world as a solo artist with WOMAD Festival, collaborating with a number of artists, most notably the then 81-year-old veteran African master storyteller and musician Madosini, with whom he lived and worked in the township of Langa, in Cape Town, South Africa.

On returning to the UK, Duff released his first solo album ''Luxury Problems'', produced by Adrian Utley of Portishead and Alex Lee (Goldfrapp/Placebo/Suede/Strangelove). The album was released on EMI’s legendary Harvest Records label – once home to Duff’s childhood hero Syd Barrett – in June 2005.

The following year Patrick was commissioned by Bristol City Council to write a Christmas choral symphony, intended for a one-off exclusive performance at Bristol Cathedral, which he subsequently recorded over six weeks in Salt Lake City, Utah. The 90-minute piece, entitled "Seven Sermons To The Dead", was considered inappropriate by the council and was never staged.

In 2007, he began work on his second solo album, ''The Mad Straight Road'', a collection of 12 songs which Duff describes as “a synthesis of some of the music that has shaped my life – stuff like Disney soundtracks, the Beatles, the Kinks, Bob Dylan, Nick Cave and Johnny Cash – it all went right into the heart of me and came back sounding like this”.

The album features, alongside Patrick, a host of acclaimed musicians, including drummer Damon Reece of Massive Attack, pianist John Baggott (of Robert Plant's Sweet Sensation, Massive Attack and Portishead), Phantom Limb’s bass player Dan Brown (who also provided backing vocals) and pianist Dan Moore, members of the London Philharmonic Orchestra and Alex Lee, who plays the bowed saw on "Dead Man Singing". The Mad Straight Road was produced by Stew Jackson, who also added guitars, banjo, pedal steel, drums, percussion, harmonica, harpsichord and backing vocals, and recorded at Robot Club Studios in Bristol. It was released in early 2010.

Discography

Albums

''Luxury Problems''

''The Mad Straight Road''

Singles

"Married With Kids" (2005)

Collaborations

Madosini, Africa (2002)

See also

Strangelove

Madosini

References

External links

Official website

Category:English male singers Category:English songwriters Category:Living people Category:1966 births

name	Natsume Sōseki
birth date	February 09, 1867
birth place	Tokyo, Japan
death date	December 09, 1916
death place	Tokyo, Japan
occupation	Writer
genre	novels, short stories, poetry
notableworks	''Kokoro'', ''Botchan'', ''I Am a Cat''
influenced	virtually all subsequent Japanese novelists, Karatani Kōjin }}

, born , is widely considered to be the foremost Japanese novelist of the Meiji period (1868–1912). He is best known for his novels ''Kokoro'', ''Botchan'', ''I Am a Cat'' and his unfinished work ''Light and Darkness''. He was also a scholar of British literature and composer of haiku, Chinese-style poetry, and fairy tales. From 1984 until 2004, his portrait appeared on the front of the Japanese 1000 yen note.

Early years

Born as Natsume Kinnosuke in the town of Babashita in the Edo region of Ushigome (present Kikui, Shinjuku), Natsume began his life as an unwanted child, born to his mother late in her life, forty years old and his father then fifty-three. When he was born, he already had five siblings. Having five children and a toddler had created family insecurity and was in some ways a disgrace to the Natsume family. In 1868, a childless couple, Shiobara Masanosuke and his wife, adopted him until the age of nine, when the couple divorced. He returned to his family and was welcomed by his mother although regarded as a nuisance by his father. His mother died when he was fourteen, and his two eldest brothers died in 1887, intensifying his sense of insecurity.

Natsume attended the First Tokyo Middle School (now Hibiya High School), where he became enamored with Chinese literature, and fancied that he might someday become a writer. His desire to become an author arose when he was about fifteen when he told his older brother about his interest in literature. However, his family disapproved strongly of this course of action, and when Natsume entered the Tokyo Imperial University in September 1884, it was with the intention of becoming an architect. Although he preferred Chinese classics, he began studying English at that time, feeling that it might prove useful to him in his future career, as English was a necessity in Japanese college.

In 1887, Natsume met Masaoka Shiki, a friend who would give him encouragement on the path to becoming a writer, which would ultimately be his career. Shiki tutored him in the art of composing haiku. From this point on, he began signing his poems with the name Sōseki, which is a Chinese idiom meaning "stubborn". In 1890, he entered the English Literature department, and quickly mastered the English language. Natsume graduated in 1893, and enrolled for some time as a graduate student and part-time teacher at the Tokyo Normal School.

In 1895, Natsume began teaching at Matsuyama Middle School in Shikoku, which became the setting of his novel ''Botchan''. Along with fulfilling his teaching duties, Natsume published haiku and Chinese poetry in a number of newspapers and periodicals. He resigned his post in 1896, and began teaching at the Fifth High School in Kumamoto. On June 10 of that year, he married Nakane Kyoko.

In the United Kingdom, 1901–1903

In 1900, the Japanese government sent Natsume to study in Great Britain as "Japan's first Japanese English literary scholar". He visited Cambridge and stayed a night there, but gave up the idea of studying at the university because he could not afford it on his government scholarship. He studied instead at University College, London (UCL). He had a miserable time of it in London, spending most of his days indoors buried in books, and his friends feared that he might be losing his mind. He also visited Pitlochry in Scotland.

He lived in four different lodgings, only the last of which, lodging with Priscilla and her sister Elizabeth Leale in Clapham (see the photograph), proved satisfactory. Five years later, in his preface to ''Bungakuron'' (''The Criticism of Literature''), he wrote about the period: :The two years I spent in London were the most unpleasant years in my life. Among English gentlemen I lived in misery, like a poor dog that had strayed among a pack of wolves.

He got along well with the Leale sisters, who shared his love of literature (notably Shakespeare—his tutor at UCL was the Shakespeare scholar W. J. Craig—and Milton) and spoke fluent French, much to his admiration. The Leales were a Channel Island family, and Priscilla had been born in France. The sisters worried about Natsume's incipient paranoia and successfully urged him to get out more and take up cycling.

Despite his poverty, loneliness, and mental problems, he solidified his knowledge of English literature during this period and returned to Japan in 1903.

After his return to the Empire of Japan, he replaced Koizumi Yakumo (Lafcadio Hearn) at the First Higher School, and subsequently became a professor of English literature at Tokyo Imperial University, where he taught literary theory and literary criticism.

Literary career

Natsume's literary career began in 1903, when he began to contribute ''haiku'', ''renku'' (''haiku''-style linked verse), ''haitaishi'' (linked verse on a set theme) and literary sketches to literary magazines, such as the prominent ''Hototogisu,'' edited by his former mentor Masaoka Shiki, and later by Takahama Kyoshi. However, it was the public success of his satirical novel ''I Am a Cat'' in 1905 that won him wide public admiration as well as critical acclaim.

He followed on this success with short stories, such as ''Rondon tō'' ("Tower of London") in 1905 and the novels ''Botchan'' ("Little Master"), and ''Kusamakura'' ("Grass Pillow") in 1906, which established his reputation, and which enabled him to leave his post at the university for a position with ''Asahi Shimbun'' in 1907, and to begin writing full-time. Much of his work deals with the relation between Japanese culture and Western culture. Especially his early works are influenced by his studies in London; his novel ''Kairo-kō'' was the earliest and only major prose treatment of the Arthurian legend in Japanese. He began writing one novel a year until his death from a stomach ulcer in 1916.

Major themes in Natsume's works include ordinary people fighting against economic hardship, the conflict between duty and desire (a traditional Japanese theme; see giri), loyalty and group mentality versus freedom and individuality, personal isolation and estrangement, the rapid industrialization of Japan and its social consequences, contempt of Japan's aping of Western culture, and a pessimistic view of human nature. Natsume took a strong interest in the writers of the ''Shirakaba'' (White Birch) literary group. In his final years, authors such as Akutagawa Ryūnosuke and Kume Masao became close followers of his literary style.

Major works

Natsume's major works include: ''Wagahai wa Neko dearu'' ''Rondon Tō'' ''Kairo-kō'' 坊っちゃん ''Kusamakura'' ''Shumi no Iden'' ''Nihyaku-tōka'' 虞美人草 坑夫 ''Yume Jū-ya'' ''Sanshirō'' それから 門 ''Omoidasu Koto nado'' 彼岸過迄 ''Kōjin'' こころ ''Watakushi no Kojin Shugi'' 道草 ''Garasu Do no Uchi'' 明暗

Year	Japanese title		! English title	! Comments
rowspan="3"	1905	吾輩は猫である	|	''I Am a Cat''
倫敦塔	|	''The Tower of London''
薤露行	|	''Kairo-kō''
rowspan="4"	1906	|	''Botchan''	''Botchan''
草枕	|	Kusamakura (novel)>The Three Cornered World''(lit. ''The Grass Pillow'')	latest translation uses Japanese title
趣味の遺伝	|	''The Heredity of Taste''
二百十日	|	''The 210th Day''
1907 in literature	1907	|	''Gubijinsō''	''The Poppy''
rowspan="3"	1908	|	''Kōfu''	''The Miner''
夢十夜	|	''Ten Nights of Dreams''
三四郎	|	''Sanshiro''
1909 in literature	1909	|	''Sorekara''	Sorekara>And Then''
rowspan="2"	1910	|	''Mon''	The Gate (novel)>The Gate''
思い出す事など	|	''Spring Miscellany''
rowspan="2"	1912	|	''Higan Sugi Made''	''To the Spring Equinox and Beyond''
行人	|	The Wayfarer (novel)>The Wayfarer''
rowspan="2"	1914	|	''Kokoro''	''Kokoro''
私の個人主義	|	''My Individualism''	A famous speech
rowspan="2">1915 in literature	1915	|	''Michi Kusa''	''Grass on the Wayside''
硝子戸の中	|	''Inside My Glass Doors''	English translation, 2002
1916 in literature	1916	|	''Mei An''	''Light and Darkness, a novel''	Unfinished

See also

Anglo-Japanese relations

Japanese literature

List of Japanese authors

Natsume Fusanosuke – Natsume's grandson

Mizumura Minae – finished Natsume's last, unfinished novel, ''Light and Darkness''

Sources

Bargen, Doris D. ''Suicidal Honor: General Nogi and the Writings of Mori Ogai and Natsume Sōseki''. University of Hawaii Press (2006). ISBN 0824829980

Brodey, I. S. and S. I. Tsunematsu, ''Rediscovering Natsume Sōseki'', (Kent: Global Oriental, 2000)

Doi, Takeo, trans. by W. J. Tyler, ''The Psychological World of Natsume Sōseki''. Harvard University Asia Center (1976). ISBN 0674721160

Gessel, Van C. ''Three Modern Novelists: Soseki, Tanizaki, Kawabata.'' Kodansha International, 1993

Keene, Donald. ''Dawn to the West: Japanese Literature of the Modern Era: Fiction,'' Chapter 12. 2nd Revised Edition, Columbia University Press, 1998.

Milward, Peter. ''The Heart of Natsume Sōseki: First Impressions of His Novels''. Azuma Shobo (1981). ASIN: B000IK2690

Olson, Lawrence. ''Ambivalent Moderns: Portraits of Japanese Cultural Identity''. Savage, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield (1992). ISBN 0847677397

Ridgeway, William N. ''A Critical Study of The Novels of Natsume Sōseki, 1867–1916''. Edwin Mellen Press (January 28, 2005). ISBN 0773462309

Yu, Beongchoeon. ''Natsume Sōseki''. Macmillan Publishing Company (1984). ISBN 0805728503

References

External links

natsumesoseki.com

Natsume Sōseki at かまくら GreenNet, the website of Kamakura City

Natsume Souseki at Meisaku Live

Video: House of Ogai Mori & Soseki Natsume

Natsume Souseki at Amazon Kindle Store

Sōseki page including links to the entire text of ''Kokoro''

Natsume Sōseki on aozora.gr.jp (complete texts with furigana)

Tohoku University: Natsume Soseki Library

Natsume Sōseki's grave

Category:1867 births Category:1916 deaths Category:Writers from Tokyo Category:People in Meiji period Japan Category:Japanese novelists Category:Japanese poets Category:Japanese short story writers Category:Japanese expatriates in the United Kingdom Category:University of Tokyo alumni Category:Pseudonymous writers

ar:ناتسومه صوسيكي zh-min-nan:Natume Sôseki ca:Natsume Sōseki cs:Sóseki Nacume de:Natsume Sōseki et:Natsume Sōseki es:Natsume Sōseki eo:Natsume Sôseki fr:Sōseki Natsume ko:나쓰메 소세키 id:Natsume Sōseki it:Sōseki Natsume ka:ნაცუმე სოსეკი hu:Nacume Szószeki nl:Natsume Soseki new:नात्सुमे सोसेकी ja:夏目漱石 pl:Sōseki Natsume pt:Natsume Soseki ro:Sōseki Natsume ru:Нацумэ Сосэки sl:Natsume Soseki sh:Natsume Sōseki fi:Sōseki Natsume sv:Natsume Sōseki tr:Natsume Soseki uk:Нацуме Сосекі vi:Natsume Sōseki zh-yue:夏目漱石 zh:夏目漱石