Whs	Westminster Palace, Westminster Abbey and Saint Margaret's Church
State party	United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Type	Cultural
Criteria	I, II, IV
Id	426
Region	Europe and North America
Year	1987
Session	11th
Link	http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/426

The Collegiate Church of St Peter at Westminster, which is almost always referred to popularly and informally as Westminster Abbey, is a large, mainly Gothic church, in Westminster, London, England (UK), located just to the west of the Palace of Westminster. It is the traditional place of coronation and burial site for English, later British and later still (and currently) monarchs of the Commonwealth Realms. It briefly held the status of a cathedral from 1546–1556, and is a Royal Peculiar.

Westminster Abbey is governed by the Dean and Chapter of Westminster, as established by Royal Charter of Queen Elizabeth I in 1560, which created it as the Collegiate Church of St Peter Westminster and a Royal Peculiar under the personal jurisdiction of the Sovereign. The members of the Chapter are the Dean and four residentiary Canons, assisted by the Receiver General and Chapter Clerk. One of the Canons is also Rector of St Margaret’s Church Westminster Abbey (who has also often held the post of Chaplain to the Speaker of the House of Commons). In addition to the Dean and Canons there are at present two full time minor canons, one precentor, the other succentor. The office of Priest Vicar was created in the 1970s for those who assist the minor canons. Together with the Clergy and Receiver General and Chapter Clerk, various Lay Officers constitute the College, including the Organist and Master of the Choristers, the Registrar, the Auditor, the Legal Secretary, the Surveyor of the Fabric, the Head Master of the Choir School, the Keeper of the Muniments and the Clerk of the Works, as well as twelve Lay Vicars and ten of the choristers and the High Steward and High Bailiff. There are also forty Queen’s Scholars who are pupils at Westminster School (the School has its own Governing Body). Those who are most directly concerned with liturgical and ceremonial matters are the two Minor Canons and the Organist and Master of the Choristers.

History

According to a tradition first reported by Sulcard in about 1080, the Abbey was first founded in the time of Mellitus (d. 624), Bishop of London, on the present site, then known as Thorn Ey (Thorn Island); based on a late tradition that a fisherman called Aldrich on the River Thames saw a vision of Saint Peter near the site. This seems to be quoted to justify the gifts of salmon from Thames fishermen that the Abbey received in later years. In the present era, the Fishmongers' Guild still gives a salmon every year. The proven origins are that in the 960s or early 970s, Saint Dunstan, assisted by King Edgar, installed a community of Benedictine monks here. A stone abbey was built around 1045–1050 by King Edward the Confessor as part of his palace there and was consecrated on 28 December 1065, Westminster |- | London River Services | Westminster Millennium Pier |}

Chapter

The Chapter house was built concurrently with the east parts of the abbey under Henry III, between about 1245 and 1253. It was restored by Sir Gilbert Scott in 1872. The entrance is approached from the east cloister walk and includes a double doorway with a large tympanum above. Inner and outer vestibules lead to the octagonal chapter house, which is of exceptional architectural purity. It is built in a Geometrical Gothic style with an octagonal crypt below. A pier of eight shafts carries the vaulted ceiling. To the sides are blind arcading, remains of 14th century paintings and numerous stone benches above which are innovatory large 4-light quatre-foiled windows. These are virtually contemporary with Le Sainte Chapelle, Paris. The chapter house has an original mid-13th century tiled pavement. A door within the vestibule dates from around 1050 and is believed to be the oldest in England. The exterior includes flying buttresses added in the 14th century and a leaded tent-lantern roof on an iron frame designed by Scott. The Chapter house was originally used in the 13th century by Benedictine monks for daily meetings. It later became a meeting place of the King's Great Council and the Commons, predecessors of Parliament.

The Pyx Chamber formed the undercroft of the monks' dormitory. It dates to the late 11th century and was used as a monastic and royal treasury. The outer walls and circular piers are of 11th century date, several of the capitals were enriched in the 12th century and the stone altar added in the 13th century. The term 'pyx' refers to the boxwood chest in which coins were held and presented to a jury during the Trial of the Pyx, in which newly minted coins were presented to ensure they conformed to the required standards.

The Chapter house and Pyx Chamber at Westminster Abbey are in the guardianship of English Heritage, but under the care and management of the Dean and Chapter of Westminster. This arrangement is seen by some as a deliberate ploy to secure unwarranted funding since it is doubtful that the Abbey, when considered as a whole, would meet the criteria for substantial English Heritage funding. During the last year, English Heritage have funded a major programme of work on the Chapter, comprising repairs to the roof, gutters, stonework on the elevations and flying buttresses, and repairs to the lead light.

Museum

The Westminster Abbey Museum is located in the 11th-century vaulted undercroft beneath the former monks' dormitory in Westminster Abbey. This is one of the oldest areas of the Abbey, dating back almost to the foundation of the Norman church by Edward the Confessor in 1065. This space has been used as a museum since 1908.

Exhibits

The exhibits include a unique collection of royal and other funeral effigies (funeral saddle, helm and shield of Henry V), together with other treasures, including some panels of mediaeval glass, 12th-century sculpture fragments, Mary II's coronation chair and replicas of the coronation regalia, effigies of Edward III, Henry VII and his queen, Elizabeth I, Charles II, William III, Mary II and Queen Anne.

Later wax effigies include a striking likeness of Horatio, Viscount Nelson, wearing some of his own clothes and another of Prime Minister William Pitt, Earl of Chatham, modelled by the American-born sculptor Patience Wright. During recent conservation of Elizabeth I's effigy, a unique corset dating from 1603 was found on the figure and is now displayed separately.

A recent addition to the display is the late 13th-century Westminster Retable, England's oldest altarpiece. It was most probably designed for the High Altar of the Abbey, although it has been damaged in past centuries. The panel has been expertly cleaned and conserved.

Development plans

In June 2009 the first major building work at the Abbey for 250 years was announced. A corona—a crown-like architectural feature—was intended to be built around the lantern over the central crossing, replacing an existing pyramidal structure dating from the 1950s. This was part of a wider £23m development of the Abbey expected to be completed in 2013. On 4 August 2010 the Dean and Chapter announced that, "[a]fter a considerable amount of preliminary and exploratory work", efforts toward the construction of a corona would not be continued.

Gallery

See also

Westminster Abbey Burials and Memorials

List of Abbots of Westminster

List of Deans of Westminster

Dean and Canons of Westminster

List of churches and cathedrals of London

The Unknown Warrior

The Abbey, a 1995 BBC TV documentary film

Notes

References

Bradley, S. and N. Pevsner (2003) The Buildings of England - London 6: Westminster, New Haven: Yale University Press, pp. 105–207. ISBN 0-300-09595-3

Harvey, B. (1993) Living and Dying in England 1100-1540: The Monastic Experience, Ford Lecture series, Oxford: Clarendon Press. ISBN 0-19-820161-3

Morton, H. V. [1951] (1988) In Search of London, London: Methuen. ISBN 0-413-18470-6

Trowles, T. (2008) Treasures of Westminster Abbey, London: Scala. ISBN 978-1-85759-454-6

External links

Official site

Historic images of Westminster Abbey

Westminster Abbey: A Peek Inside - slideshow by Life magazine

Keith Short - Sculptor Images of stone carving for Westminster Abbey

*Mystery Worshipper Report at the Ship of Fools website

Carved Crests for the Knights of the Bath

A history of the choristers and choir school of Westminster Abbey

Catholic Encyclopedia: Westminster Abbey

Adrian Fletcher’s Paradoxplace Westminster Abbey Pages—Photos

A panorama of Westminster Abbey in daytime – JPEG and 3D Quicktime versions

Twitter.com">Westminster Abbey on Twitter.com

Category:1210s architecture Category:1517 architecture Category:1745 architecture Category:Church of England churches in London Category:Buildings and structures in Westminster Category:Christian monasteries established in the 10th century Category:Collegiate churches in England Category:English Gothic architecture Category:Former cathedrals in England Category:Gothic architecture in England Category:Grade I listed churches in London Category:Nicholas Hawksmoor buildings Category:Monasteries in London Category:Religion in Westminster Category:Royal Peculiars Category:World Heritage Sites in London Category:Coronation church buildings Category:Visitor attractions in Westminster

Name	William Child
Background	non_vocal_instrumentalist
Born	1606
Died	March 23, 1697
Instrument	Organ
Genre	church music

William Child (1606 – March 23, 1697) was an English composer and organist.

Born in Bristol, William Child was a chorister in the cathedral under the direction of Elway Bevin. In 1630 he began his lifetime association with St. George's Chapel, Windsor Castle, becoming first a lay-clerk and, from 1632, Master of the Choristers there until the dissolution of the chapel in 1643. After the Restoration of Charles II in 1660, Child was re-appointed to St. George's, became Master of the King's Wind Music and a Gentleman of the Chapel Royal.

His output of church music is understandably considerable, including a set of psalms (1639), many anthems and 17 service settings. He was often influenced by the Italian 'tastes' of his time, but also wrote anthems in more conventional English forms.

Little secular music of William Child survives, namely, a number of catches and instrumental pieces.

Sources

Baker's Biographical Dictionary of Musicians, Centennial Edition. Nicolas Slonimsky, Editor Emeritus. Schirmer, 2001.

External links

Category:1606 births Category:1697 deaths Category:English composers Category:Gentlemen of the Chapel Royal Category:People from Bristol

Philip Marshall (1921 – 2005) was an English cathedral organist, who served in Lincoln Cathedral and Ripon Cathedral

Background

(Joseph) Philip Marshall was born on 24 June 1921 in Brighouse, Yorkshire.

Career

Organist of:

St Botolph's Church, Boston (1951–1957)

Ripon Cathedral (1957–1966)

Lincoln Cathedral (1966–1986)

References

Category:1921 births Category:2005 deaths Category:English organists Category:English classical organists Category:Cathedral organists

Henry Lawes (December 5, 1595 – October 21, 1662) was an English musician and composer.

He was born at Dinton in Wiltshire, and received his musical education from John Cooper, better known under his Italian pseudonym Giovanni Coperario, a famous composer of the day. In 1626, Lawes was received as one of the gentlemen of the chapel royal, and held the position until the Commonwealth put a stop to church music. Nevertheless Lawes continued his work as a composer, and the famous collection of his vocal pieces, Ayres and Dialogues for One, Two and Three Voyces, was published in 1653 and followed by two other books under the same title in 1655 and 1658 respectively. On the Restoration of the monarchy in 1660, Lawes returned to the royal chapel, and composed an anthem for the coronation of King Charles II. He was buried in Westminster Abbey.

Lawes's name has become known beyond musical circles because of his friendship with John Milton, for whose masque, Comus, he supplied the incidental music for the first performance in 1634. The poet in return immortalized his friend in a famous sonnet in which Milton, with a musical perception not common amongst poets, describes the great merit of Lawes. His careful attention to the words of the poet, the manner in which his music seems to grow from those words, the perfect coincidence of the musical with the metrical accent, cause Lawes's songs to be regarded by some as on a level with those of Robert Schumann or Franz Liszt. At the same time he is not lacking in genuine melodic invention, and his concerted music shows skilled use of counterpoint.

Henry Lawes was the brother of William Lawes, also a composer.

References

External links

Category:1595 births Category:1662 deaths Category:Baroque composers Category:English composers Category:Gentlemen of the Chapel Royal

English name	Benedict XVI
Caption	The Pope during a general audience in 2010
Birth name	Joseph Aloisius Ratzinger
Term start	19 April 2005 ()
Predecessor	John Paul II
Birth date	April 16, 1927
Birthplace	Marktl, Bavaria, Germany
Other	Benedict
Nationality	German (along with Vatican citizenship)
Signature	Pope Benedict XVI Signature.svg

Pope Benedict XVI (; ; ; born Joseph Aloisius Ratzinger on 16 April 1927) is the 265th and current Pope, Ratzinger then trained in the German infantry, but a subsequent illness precluded him from the usual rigours of military duty. As the Allied front drew closer to his post in 1945, he deserted back to his family's home in Traunstein after his unit had ceased to exist, just as American troops established their headquarters in the Ratzinger household. As a German soldier, he was put in a POW camp but was released a few months later at the end of the war in the summer of 1945. He reentered the seminary, along with his brother Georg, in November of that year.

Following repatriation in 1945, the two brothers entered Saint Michael Seminary in Traunstein, later studying at the Ducal Georgianum (Herzogliches Georgianum) of the Ludwig-Maximilian University in Munich. They were both ordained in Freising on 29 June 1951 by Cardinal Michael von Faulhaber of Munich. Ratzinger recalled:

...at the moment the elderly Archbishop laid his hands on me, a little bird -- perhaps a lark -- flew up from the altar in the high cathedral and trilled a little joyful song. He has also said: "We are all called to open ourselves to this friendship with God... speaking to him as to a friend, the only One who can make the world both good and happy... That is all we have to do is put ourselves at his disposal...is an extremely important message. It is a message that helps to overcome what can be considered the great temptation of our time: the claim, that after the Big Bang, God withdrew from history."

Post-synodal apostolic exhortation

Sacramentum Caritatis (The Sacrament of Charity) signed 22 February 2007, released in Latin, Italian, English, French, German, Portuguese, Spanish, and Polish. It was made available in various languages 13 March 2007 in Rome. The English edition from Libera Editrice Vaticana is 158 pages. This apostolic exhortation "seeks to take up the richness and variety of the reflections and proposals which emerged from the recent Ordinary General Assembly of the Synod of Bishops..." which was held in 2006. The high altar of a church was usually preceded by three steps, below which were said the Prayers at the Foot of the Altar. Side altars usually had only one step.]] On 7 July 2007, Benedict XVI issued the motu proprio Summorum Pontificum, declaring that upon "the request of the faithful", celebration of Mass according to the Missal of 1962 (commonly known as the Tridentine Mass), was to be more easily permitted. Stable groups who previously had to petition their bishop to have a Tridentine Mass may now merely request permission from their local priest. As there were fears that the move would entail a reversal of the Second Vatican Council, The letter also decried "deformations of the liturgy ... because in many places celebrations were not faithful to the prescriptions of the new Missal" as the Second Vatican Council was wrongly seen "as authorising or even requiring creativity", mentioning his own experience.

The Pope considered that allowing the Tridentine Mass to those who request it was a means to prevent or heal schism, stating that, on occasions in past history, "not enough was done by the Church’s leaders to maintain or regain reconciliation and unity" and that this "imposes an obligation on us today: to make every effort to enable for all those who truly desire unity to remain in that unity or to attain it anew." Many feel the decree aimed at ending the schism between the Holy See and traditionalist groups such as the Society of St. Pius X (SSPX). Cardinal Darío Castrillón Hoyos, the president of the Pontifical Commission established for the purpose of facilitating full ecclesial communion of those associated with that Society,

Unicity and Salvific Universality of the Church

Near the end of June 2007, the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith issued a document approved by Benedict XVI "because some contemporary theological interpretations of Vatican II's ecumenical intent had been 'erroneous or ambiguous' and had prompted confusion and doubt."

Consumerism

Benedict XVI has condemned excessive consumerism, especially among youth. He stated in December 2007 that "[A]dolescents, youths and even children are easy victims of the corruption of love, deceived by unscrupulous adults who, lying to themselves and to them, draw them into the dead-end streets of consumerism."

Critics have accused Benedict's papacy as being insensitive towards Judaism. The two most prominent instances were the expanding the use of the Tridentine Mass and the lifting of the excommunication on four bishops from the Society of St. Pius X (SSPX). In the Good Friday service, the traditional Mass rubrics include a prayer that asks God to lift the veil so they [Jews] may be delivered from their darkness. This prayer has historically been contentious in Judaic-Catholic relations and several groups saw the restoration of the Tridentine Mass as problematic. President of Venezuela Hugo Chavez demanded an apology, and an indigenous organisation in Ecuador issued a response which stated that "representatives of the Catholic Church of those times, with honourable exceptions, were accomplices, deceivers and beneficiaries of one of the most horrific genocides of all humanity." Later, the pope, speaking Italian, said at a weekly audience that it was:

"not possible to forget the suffering and the injustices inflicted by colonizers against the indigenous population, whose fundamental human rights were often trampled."

Sexual abuse in the Catholic Church

Response

Prior to 2001, the primary responsibility for investigating allegations of sexual abuse and disciplining perpetrators rested with the individual dioceses. In 2001, Ratzinger convinced John Paul II to put the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith in charge of all investigations and policies surrounding sexual abuse in order to combat such abuse more efficiently. and Cardinal Ratzinger "took it on himself to authorize an investigation of Maciel" After Ratzinger became pope he began proceedings against Maciel and the Legion of Christ that forced Maciel out of active service in the church. On May 1, 2010 the Vatican issued a statement denouncing Maciel's "very serious and objectively immoral acts", which were "confirmed by incontrovertible testimonies" and represent "true crimes and manifest a life without scruples or authentic religious sentiment." Pope Benedict also said he would appoint a special commission to examine the Legionaries’ constitution and open an investigation into its lay affiliate Regnum Christi. A few days later an unconfirmed rumor emerged that Pope Benedict had undergone an operation in preparation for an eventual bypass operation but this rumor was only published by a small left-wing Italian newspaper and was never confirmed by any Vatican insider.Moor of Freising: The Moor's head is an heraldic charge associated with Freising, Germany.Corbinian's bear: A legend states that while travelling to Rome, Saint Corbinian's pack horse was killed by a bear. He commanded the bear to carry the load. Once he arrived, he released it from his service, and it returned to Bavaria. The implication is that "Christianity tamed and domesticated the ferocity of paganism and thus laid the foundations for a great civilisation in the Duchy of Bavaria." At the same time, Corbinian's bear, as God's beast of burden, symbolises the weight of office that Benedict now carries. |previous_versions = }}

Positions on moral and political issues

Birth control and HIV/AIDS

In 2005, the Pope listed several ways to combat the spread of HIV, including chastity, fidelity in marriage and anti-poverty efforts; he also rejected the use of condoms.

In March 2009, the Pope stated:

I would say that this problem of AIDS cannot be overcome merely with money, necessary though it is. If there is no human dimension, if Africans do not help, the problem cannot be overcome by the distribution of prophylactics: on the contrary, they increase it. The solution must have two elements: firstly, bringing out the human dimension of sexuality, that is to say a spiritual and human renewal that would bring with it a new way of behaving towards others, and secondly, true friendship offered above all to those who are suffering, a willingness to make sacrifices and to practise self-denial, to be alongside the suffering.

Homosexuality

During his time as Prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith (CDF) Benedict XVI made several efforts to tackle the issue of homosexuality within the Church and the wider world. In 1986 the CDF sent a letter to all Bishops entitled: On the Pastoral Care of Homosexual Persons. The letter condemned a liberal interpretation of the earlier CDF document Declaration on Certain Questions Concerning Sexual Ethics, which had led to a "benign" attitude "to the homosexual condition itself". On the Pastoral Care of Homosexual Persons clarified that the Church position on Homosexuality was that "although the particular inclination of the homosexual person is not a sin, it is a more or less strong tendency ordered toward an intrinsic moral evil; and thus the inclination itself must be seen as an objective disorder."

Father Federico Lombardi, a Vatican spokesman, claimed the Pope had not wished specifically to attack homosexuality, and had not mentioned gays or lesbians in his text. Father Lombardi insisted, however, that there had been an overreaction to the Pope's remarks. "He was speaking more generally about gender theories which overlook the fundamental difference in creation between men and women and focus instead on cultural conditioning." Nevertheless, the remarks were interpreted as a call to save mankind from homosexuals and transsexuals.

International relations

Migrants and refugees

In a message released 14 November 2006, during a Vatican press conference for the 2007 annual observance of World Day for Migrants and Refugees, the pope urged the ratification of international conventions and policies that defend all migrants, including refugees, exiles, evacuees, and internally displaced persons. "The church encourages the ratification of the international legal instruments that aim to defend the rights of migrants, refugees and their families," the pope said. "Much is already being done for the integration of the families of immigrants, although much still remains to be done." Benedict's favorite works of music are Mozart's Clarinet Concerto and Clarinet Quintet. As Cardinal Ratzinger he was known to look after stray cats in Rome. A book called "Joseph and Chico: A Cat Recounts the Life of Pope Benedict XVI" was published in 2007 which told the story of the Pope's life from the feline Chico's perspective. This story was inspired by an orange tabby Pentling cat, which belonged to the family next door. During his trip to Australia for World Youth Day in 2008 the media reported that festival organizers lent the Pope a grey cat called Bella in order to keep him company during his stay.

See also

Georg Gänswein - private secretary to Benedict

List of books by Pope Benedict XVI

List of encyclicals of Pope Benedict XVI

Papal regalia and insignia - papal attire

Pope Benedict - list of other popes and antipopes using the name Benedict

Three Secrets of Fátima - document on the release of the Third Secret of Fatima

Works of Pope Benedict XVI - literature written by Pope Benedict XVI

List of journeys of Pope Benedict XVI

References

;Notes

Further reading

Books by Pope Benedict

Literature about him

Biographies

Documentaries

The Keys of the Kingdom, from John Paul II to Benedict XVI, produced by Vatican Television Center, distributed by HDH Communications, 2006.

External links

Vatican: the Holy See – Vatican web site

The Holy See - The Holy Father - Benedict XVI – Vatican web site about the Holy Father Benedict XVI

Vatican: Election Vatican web page about the Papal Conclave and Benedict's first acts as Pope

The Vatican (Official YouTube channel from the Vatican about main activities of the Pope and relevant Vatican events)

;Encyclicals by Benedict XVI

Deus Caritas Est – encyclical God is Love

Spe Salvi – encyclical In hope we were saved

Caritas in Veritate – encyclical In Charity and Truth

* Category:1927 births Category:Living people Category:People from the District of Altötting Category:Cardinal-bishops of Ostia Category:Cardinals created by Pope Paul VI Category:Current national leaders Ratzinger, Joseph Category:German cardinals Category:German military personnel of World War II Category:German popes Category:German prisoners of war Category:German Roman Catholic theologians Category:International Theological Commission Category:Members of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith Category:Recipients of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany Category:Participants in the Second Vatican Council Category:Roman Catholic Archbishops of Munich and Freising Category:Roman Catholic philosophers Category:Roman Catholic writers Category:Sovereigns of Vatican City Category:University of Bonn faculty Category:Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich alumni Category:University of Munich faculty Category:University of Münster faculty Category:University of Paris alumni Category:University of Regensburg faculty Category:University of Tübingen faculty Category:World War II prisoners of war held by the United States

Name	Abbey Lincoln
Background	solo_singer
Birth name	Anna Marie Wooldridge
Born	August 06, 1930 Chicago, Illinois, U.S.
Died	August 14, 2010 Manhattan, New York, U.S.
Instrument	Vocals
Genre	Jazz
Occupation	Singer, songwriter, actress
Years active	1956–2007
Label	Riverside, Verve

Anna Marie Wooldridge (August 6, 1930 – August 14, 2010), she was one of many singers influenced by Billie Holiday. She often could be found at the Blue Note in New York City.

Lincoln sang on the 1960s landmark jazz civil rights recording, We Insist! – Freedom Now Suite (1960) by jazz musician Max Roach and was married to him from 1962 to 1970. Especially since this album, Abbey Lincoln was connected to the political fight against racism in the United States.

In the 1990 Spike Lee movie Mo' Better Blues 1990, she played young Bleek Gilliams' mother, who was very insistent that Bleek (played as an adult by Denzel Washington) come inside their house and practice his trumpet instead of playing outside with his friends.

In 2003, she received the National Endowment for the Arts NEA Jazz Masters Award.

Lincoln died on August 14, 2010 in Manhattan at the age of 80. Her death was announced by her brother, David Wooldridge, who told the New York Times that Lincoln had died in her Manhattan nursing home after suffering deteriorating health for years following open heart surgery in 2007. No cause of death was officially given. She was cremated and her ashes were scattered.

Discography

1956: Abbey Lincoln's Affair – A Story of a Girl in Love (Liberty) with Benny Carter Orchestra, Marty Paich Orchestra, Jack Montrose

1957: That's Him (Riverside) with Paul Chambers, Wynton Kelly, Max Roach, Wynton Kelly, Sonny Rollins, Kenny Dorham

1958: It's Magic (Riverside) with Curtis Fuller, Benny Golson, Sahib Shihab

1959: Abbey Is Blue (Riverside) with Kenny Dorham, Wynton Kelly, Les Spann, Sam Jones, Philly Joe Jones

1960: We Insist! – Freedom Now (with Max Roach)

1961: Straight Ahead (Candid Records) with Coleman Hawkins, Eric Dolphy, Booker Little, Mal Waldron, Max Roach

1973: People in Me (Polygram) with Kunimitsu Inaba, James Mtume, Al Foster, Hiromasa Suzuki, Dave Liebman

1980: Painted Lady (with Archie Shepp) (Itm)

1980: Golden Lady (Inner City Records)

1983: Talking to the Sun (Enja Records)

1987: Abbey Sings Billie, Vol. 1 & 2 (Enja)

1990: The World Is Falling Down (Verve)

1991: You Gotta Pay the Band (Verve) with Stan Getz, Hank Jones, Charlie Haden, Mark Johnson, Maxine Roach

1992: Devil's Got Your Tongue (Verve)

1992: When There is Love (with Hank Jones) (Verve)

1993: The Music is the Magic (Live at Sweet Basil's New York) (Itm) with Rodney Kendrick, Michael Bowie, Yoron Israel

1994: A Turtle's Dream (Verve) with Roy Hargrove, Kenny Barron, Pat Metheny

1996: Who Used to Dance (Verve) with Graham Haynes, Steve Coleman, Oliver Lake

1998: Wholly Earth (Verve) with Nicholas Payton, Bobby Hutcherson

2000: Over the Years (Verve)

2003: It's Me (Verve)

2007: Abbey Sings Abbey (Verve)

References

External links

Bio at Verve Records

Abbey Lincoln Discography at www.JazzDiscography.com

Abbey Lincoln at NPR Music

Abbey Lincoln Tribute and image.

"Remembering Jazz Singer and Activist Abbey Lincoln" at NPR Music: Music News

Category:1930 births Category:2010 deaths Category:American jazz singers Category:African American singers Category:African American musicians Category:Women in jazz Category:Liberty Records artists Category:Verve Records artists Category:Riverside Records artists Category:Capitol Records artists Category:Inner City Records artists Category:Enja Records artists Category:Candid Records artists Category:Songwriters from Michigan