An alter-ego (Latin, "the other I") is a second self, a second personality or persona within a person, who is often oblivious to the persona's actions. It was coined in the early nineteenth century when dissociative identity disorder was first described by psychologists. A person with an alter-ego is said to lead a double life.

A distinct meaning for alter-ego can be found in literary analysis, wherein it describes characters in different works who are psychologically similar, or a fictional character whose behavior, speech or thoughts intentionally represent those of the author. Similarly, alter-ego can be applied to the role or persona taken on by an actor or by other types of performers.

Alter-ego is also used to refer to the different behaviors any person may display in various situations. Related concepts include avatar, doppelgänger, impersonator, and split personality.

Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde

The title characters in Robert Louis Stevenson's thriller Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde represent an exploration of the concept that good and evil exist within one person, constantly at war. Edward Hyde literally represents the doctor's other self, a psychopath who is unrestrained by the conventions of civilized society, and who shares a body with the doctor. The names "Jekyll and Hyde" have since become synonymous with a split personality or an alter-ego that becomes capable of overpowering the original self.

Comic book usage

In Pre-Crisis comic books, superheroes and their secret identities are often considered alter-egos. The archetypal comic book hero, Superman, assumes the identity of the "mild-mannered" newspaper reporter Clark Kent in order to live among the citizens of Metropolis without arousing suspicion. Whereas Clark Kent's true self is Superman, Batman is a character created by Bruce Wayne in order to disguise himself for the purposes of fighting crime. The Batman comics and movies such as Batman Begins have also explored the theme of the true self (Wayne) becoming lost in or giving himself over to the alter-ego, much like the plot of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde. Post-Crisis comics flip this idea around for both superheroes. Superman becomes the persona that Clark Kent adopts in order to freely use his gifts to help the world without jeopardizing his friends, family and personal life. Conversely, carefree playboy billionaire Bruce Wayne becomes the alter-ego necessary to hide the true persona of the crime-fighting Batman. The Incredible Hulk comic book series further complicates this theme, as Bruce Banner loses control to the Hyde-like Hulk whenever he becomes angry, yet also depends upon the Hulk's super powers in order to combat villains.

Comic book-inspired alter-egos can be seen in other forms of popular fiction, including television and movie adaptations of comic books, parodies of this genre, and unrelated fictions such as Star Wars.

Performing arts usage

as "The Demon" of Kiss]] Alter-egos are used by numerous performing artists who use stage or screen personae both to entertain audiences and to explore new identities for themselves. An early example of a musical group to make use of alter-egos was The Beatles, who recorded and performed as Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band in order "to alter our egos, free ourselves and have a lot of fun". Alter-egos would later be used for entertainment value by glam-associated artists such as David Bowie (as Ziggy Stardust and The Thin White Duke) and Kiss, and to exploit horror themes by shock rockers Alice Cooper and Marilyn Manson. Often, these artists are known almost exclusively by their alter-egos; for example, Brian Warner (Marilyn Manson) is seldom seen in public without his horror makeup. In contemporary Hip Hop, artists such as Eminem and T.I. have used the alter-egos Slim Shady and T.I.P., respectively, to explore divisions in their personalities. T.I.'s album T.I. vs T.I.P. even directly appropriates a Jekyll and Hyde plot. More subtle uses of alter egos can be seen in artists who redefine their image for an album, such as Christina Aguilera as Xtina, and artists who describe their stage personalities as different from their private ones, such as Beyoncé Knowles's identity as Sasha Fierce.

Comic performers also make use of alter-egos as a part of their routines. The Marx Brothers performed throughout their careers as their vaudeville characters. For example, Julius Marx would play (and be credited as) Groucho, whether he was cast a professor (as in Horse Feathers), a veterinarian (A Day at the Races), or a president (Duck Soup). Standup comedians such as Don Rickles (Mr. Warmth) and Jackie Mason (Hartounian) can be said to have developed their shtick into distinct alter-egos. Performer Andy Kaufman was chiefly known to fans through several characters, including the Foreign Man (later Latka Gravas), Tony Clifton, and Kaufman's impersonation of Elvis Presley. The biopic Man on the Moon depicts Kaufman as a man whose true identity was difficult to isolate, even by his close friends, because of the prevalence of these alter-egos. Actor Sacha Baron Cohen, who has often been compared to Kaufman, is similarly best known as the characters Ali G, Borat Sagdiyev, and Brüno.

Professional wrestlers can also be said to perform as alter-egos (or ring names), such as Terry Bollea's Hulk Hogan character and Mark Calaway's The Undertaker.

See also

Pen name

Stage name

Ring name

References

Alter ego Category:Self Category:Literary concepts Category:Latin words and phrases Category:Superhero fiction

Name	Tame Impala
Background	group_or_band
Origin	Perth, Western Australia
Genre	Psychedelic rock
Years active	2007–present
Label	Hole in the Sky RecordingsModular Recordings
Associated acts	The Dee Dee DumsPondMink Mussel CreekSpace Lime PeacockGiant Tortoise
Url	http://www.tameimpala.com/
Current members	Kevin ParkerDominic SimperJay WatsonNick Allbrook

Tame Impala are a four piece psychedelic rock band from Perth, Western Australia. The band is essentially Kevin Parker's Solo Project as he records the majority of songs by himself.

Biography

Tame Impala were formed from Kevin Parker's original blues/jazz/psychedelic band, the Dee Dee Dums. The Dee Dee Dums consisted of Parker (drums) and Luke Epstein (guitar), with the band getting second place at the 2005 AmpFest and winning third place that year in the state final of The Next Big Thing. In October 2006 Epstein was replaced by drummer Sam Devenport, Epstein going on to play with Sugarpuss. The Dee Dee Dums went on to win the WA state final of the National Campus Band Competition. In late 2007 the band renamed to Tame Impala unveiling another new drummer and replacing the two-guitar attack for the more traditional guitar/bass/drums format. Devenport going on to pursue an acting career.

Tame Impala consists of Kevin Parker (lead guitar and vocals), Dominic Simper (guitar), Nick Allbrook (bass) and Jay Watson (drums and backing vocals). Their name refers to the impala, a medium sized antelope. Their musical sound draws from a wide range of influences and they like to see themselves as }} In July 2008 the band signed a worldwide deal with independent label Modular Recordings.

The signing was soon followed by the release on their self-titled debut EP in September 2008. Due to Kevin Parker's original artwork there was some confusion with the EP title and many believed it to be called Antares Mira Sun. The artwork is an interpretation of a slide he saw in an astronomy lecture, which demonstrated the difference in size between the stars Antares, Mira and the Sun.}}

Tame Impala went to number 1 on the Australian Independent Record Labels (AIR) Chart and number 10 on the ARIA Physical Singles Chart, with three songs, "Desire Be, Desire Go", "Half Full Glass of Wine" and "Skeleton Tiger" which received national radio airplay on the Triple J Network. Tours in 2008 included supports for You Am I, The Black Keys, Yeasayer and MGMT, as well as performances at Southbound, Meredith Music Festival, and Falls Festival, as well as a national headline tours in support of their EP. 2009 tours include a sold out 6 date 'Skeleton Tiger' national headline tour, a 5 date UK tour including Nevereverland UK, V Festival, Groovin The Moo and a stadium tour with The Living End and Gyroscope.

Tame Impala appeared on Triple J's Hottest 100 2008, their first appearance on the list, with "Half Full Glass of Wine" reaching number 75. The song is also on the Hottest 100 compilation.

Tame Impala’s first single, "Sundown Syndrome", was recorded at Toerag Studios in London, with recording engineer Liam Watson, whilst the band was there in March 2009. "Sundown Syndrome" was premiered by Richard Kingsmill on his 2009 show on triple j on Sunday May 10. It was released in July, 2009 on vinyl and electronically along with a cover of Blue Boy's "Remember Me". They embarked on a national tour supporting the single through September and October, 2009.

Tame Impala appeared at Big Day Out in early 2010, performing alongside bands Muse, The Mars Volta, Kasabian and Rise Against, among others.

"Remember Me" appeared at number 78 on Triple J's Hottest 100 for 2009.

Tame Impala's debut album, Innerspeaker, was released on 21 May 2010. In the U.K. it's official release date was 28 June, however iTunes accidentally made it available to buy immediately (not pre-order) on 12 May. The album was released in the United States on 8 June, Pitchfork named it Best New Music.

On a interview with Triple J talking about the album's recent nomination for the J Award, Parker stated that they have secretly been recording a new album. "Jay and I have been recording pretty compulsively and album number two is nearing potential completion already and I'm so excited about it that I'm having trouble keeping myself from telling you all about it." This comes as a big surprise as this statement was released only months after their debut album, Innerspeaker, was released.

The band has been busy touring during mid 2010, with their 'Innerspeaker album tour' commencing on 13 May 2010, as the opening band for MGMT's 2010 American tour. The band returned to Australia to play at Splendour in the Grass festival, which was followed by a European Tour in July (including an appearance at the Reading Festival) and a national Australian tour in October. In November they returned to the UK and Europe for a fifteen date tour, including their largest London headline show to date which was attended by Noel Gallagher, Tom Meighan, Serge Pizzorno, Noel Fielding, Alexa Chung and Alison Mosshart, the band then went on to the United States for twenty headline dates including sold out New York, LA and San Francisco. They also received four 2010 ARIA Music Awards nominations which include, 'Album of the Year' and 'Best Rock Album' for Innerspeaker, 'Best Group' and also 'Breakthrough Artist'.

On November 29, 2010 Tame Impala's debut album "Innerspeaker" won Australian youth-oriented radio network Triple J's highest honor, taking out the J Award for Album of the Year

Band members

Live

Kevin Parker – vocals, guitar, kazoo

Jay "Gumby" Watson – drums, backing vocals

Dominic Simper – guitar & synth (previously bass)

Nick "Paisley Adams" Allbrook – bass (previously guitar & keys)

Studio

Kevin Parker – vocals, guitar, bass, drums, keys

Jay Watson – drums, keys, guitar

Dominic Simper – percussion, bass, guitar, effects

Discography

Albums

Innerspeaker - Modular Recordings (21 May 2010) AUS #4

EPs

Tame Impala [H.I.T.S. 003] - Hole in the Sky (August, 2008) (12" vinyl) (limited re-issue April, 2009) Tame Impala EP - Modular Recordings (September, 2008) AUS #82

Singles

"Sundown Syndrome"/"Remember Me" - Modular Recordings (July, 2009) (7" vinyl) "Solitude Is Bliss" - Modular Recordings (April, 2010)

"Lucidity" - Modular Recordings (July, 2010)

"Expectation" - Modular Recordings (December, 2010)

References

External links

Tame Impala official website

Category:Australian rock music groups Category:Western Australian musical groups

Louis François Marie Aubert (born Paramé (Ille-et-Vilaine), 19 February 1877, - died Paris, 9 January 1968) was a French composer.

Biography

Louis Aubert was a child prodigy. His parents, recognizing their son's musical talent, sent him to Paris to receive an education at an early age. He became recognized for his voice, primarily for his renditions of the Pie Jesu from Gabriel Fauré's Requiem at the Église de la Madeleine. The young Aubert met Fauré at the Paris Conservatoire, and he regularly attended at his composition classes, which greatly influenced his development.

Aubert became an excellent pianist, and in fact, Maurice Ravel wrote for and dedicated his Valses nobles et sentimentales to him. He also worked as a piano and composition teacher, both privately and on the faculty of the Conservatoire de Paris. He counts among his students Henry Barraud, Jean-Marie Beaudet, Jean Berger, and Georges Savaria.

He composed music for the church, several ballets, mélodies, and incidental music for the stage. Although Breton by birth at a time of intense Breton nationalism, he was little inspired by his home region. Aubert wrote popular songs, notably for Marie Dubas. He also was a contributing journalist to the magazines Chantecler, Paris-soir, Le journal and Opéra.

Aubert wrote one opera in three acts based on classic fairy tales by Charles Perrault to a libretto by J. Chenevière entitled Le fôret bleu ("The Blue Forest"). The work was composed in 1904 to 1911 and individual acts were performed while the work was in progress. The first complete staged performance appeared in Geneva on 7 January 1913. The enchanting characters and delightful plot enabled the work to achieve popular success in other theaters, including Boston. The work did not appear in Paris until 1924, where it was staged at the Opéra-Comique (Salle Favart).

Aubert died in near-oblivion in Paris at age 90.

Publications

L'Orchestre, Paris, PUF, 1951.

Notice sur la vie et les travaux de Gustave Charpentier, Paris, Firmin-Didot, 1956.

Bibliography

Sadie, Stanley (Ed.) [1992] (1994). The New Grove Dictionary of Opera, vol. 1, A-D, chpt: "Aubert, Louis(-François-Marie)" by Richard Langham Smith, New York: MacMillan. ISBN 0-935859-92-6.

Louis Vuillemin, L. Aubert et son œuvre, Paris, Durand, 1921.

R. Bernard, « L. Aubert » in La revue musicale, VIII'', 1927.

Article dans le mensuel La Bretagne à Paris, June 1956.

H. Corbes, « Louis Aubert compositeur malouin » in Bulletin de la société d'histoire et d'archéologie de Saint-Malo, 1981.

External links

Louis Aubert (1877-1968) (includes list of main works)

Category:French composers Category:Opera composers Category:People from Saint-Malo Category:1877 births Category:1968 deaths

Jean Louis (born Jean Louis Berthauldt, October 5, 1907, Paris, France- - April 20, 1997, Palm Springs, California, USA) was a French-born, Hollywood costume designer and an Academy Award winner for Costume Design. Louis worked as head designer for Columbia Pictures from 1944 to 1960. His most famous works include Rita Hayworth's black satin strapless dress from Gilda (1946), Marlene Dietrich's celebrated beaded souffle stagewear for her cabaret world tours, as well as the sheer, sparkling gown Marilyn Monroe wore when she sang "Happy Birthday, Mr. President" to John F. Kennedy in 1962.

In 1993, four years after the death of his second wife, Louis married former client Loretta Young (married until his death in 1997).

Academy Award nominations

1950 - Film: Born Yesterday

1952 - Film: Affair in Trinidad

1953 - Film: From Here to Eternity

1954 - Film: It Should Happen To You

1954 - Film: A Star Is Born

1955 - Film: Queen Bee

1956 - Film: The Solid Gold Cadillac; Won

1957 - Film: Pal Joey

1958 - Film: Bell, Book and Candle

1961 - Film: Judgment at Nuremberg

1961 - Film: Back Street

1965 - Film: Ship of Fools

1966 - Film: Gambit

1967 - Film: Thoroughly Modern Millie

Actresses designed for

Rita Hayworth in Tonight and Every Night, 1945, Gilda, 1946, Affair in Trinidad, 1952, Miss Sadie Thompson and Salome, 1953

Irene Dunne in Together Again, 1944

Claudette Colbert in Tomorrow is Forever 1946

Judy Holliday in Born Yesterday, 1950 and The Solid Gold Cadillac, 1956

Gloria Grahame in The Big Heat, 1953

Deborah Kerr in From Here to Eternity, 1953

Judy Garland in A Star is Born, 1954

Joan Crawford in Queen Bee, 1955

Betty Grable in Three for the Show, 1955

Kim Novak in Picnic, 1955, and Bell, Book, and Candle, 1958

Kim Novak and Rita Hayworth in Pal Joey, 1957

Lana Turner in Imitation of Life, 1959

Doris Day in Pillow Talk (1959) and Send Me No Flowers (1964)

Loretta Young for The Loretta Young Show, Television series, 1953-1961

Marlene Dietrich in The Monte Carlo Story, 1957, and Judgement at Nuremberg, 1961

Susan Hayward in Back Street, 1961

Marilyn Monroe in The Misfits, 1961, and Something's Got to Give (unfinished), 1962

Shirley MacLaine in Gambit, 1966

Julie Andrews, Mary Tyler Moore, and Carol Channing in Thoroughly Modern Millie, 1967

Eva Gabor for Green Acres Television series, 1965-1967

Category:1907 births Category:1997 deaths Category:French costume designers

Name	Betty Ford
Birth date	April 08, 1918
Birth place	Chicago, Illinois, United States
Occupation	First Lady of the United StatesActivistFeministBusinesswomanDancerFashion model
Office1	First Lady of the United States
Term start1	August 9, 1974
Term end1	January 20, 1977
Predecessor1	Pat Nixon
Successor1	Rosalynn Carter
Office2	Second Lady of the United States
Term start2	December 6, 1973
Term end2	August 9, 1974
Predecessor2	Judy Agnew
Successor2	Happy Rockefeller
Office3	1st Chairman of the Board, Betty Ford Center
Term start3	1982
Term end3	2005
Successor3	Susan Ford Bales
Religion	Episcopalian
Spouse	William G. Warren(divorced; 1942-1947)Gerald Ford(widowed; 1948-2006)
Children	Michael, Jack, Steven, Susan
Parents	William Stephenson Bloomer and Hortense Neahr
Signature	Betty Ford Signature.svg

Elizabeth Ann Bloomer Warren Ford (born April 8, 1918), better known as Betty Ford is the widow of former United States President Gerald R. Ford and served as the First Lady of the United States from 1974 to 1977. As first lady, Ford was active in social policy and shattered precedents as a politically active presidential wife (Time considered her "the most since Eleanor Roosevelt"). In the opinion of several historians, Ford had more impact upon history and culture than her husband.). Her two older brothers were Robert and William Jr. After living briefly in Denver, she grew up in Grand Rapids, Michigan, where she graduated from Central High School.

After the 1929 stock market crash, when Ford was 11, she began modeling clothes and teaching other children dances such as the foxtrot, waltz, and big apple. She studied dance at the Calla Travis Dance Studio, graduating in 1935.

When Ford was 16, her father died of carbon monoxide poisoning in the Bloomers' garage; whether it was an accident or suicide remains unknown. In 1933, after she graduated from high school, she proposed continuing her study of dance in New York City, but her mother refused. Instead, Ford attended the Bennington School of Dance in Bennington, Vermont, for two summers, where she studied under Martha Graham and Hanya Holm.

After being accepted by Graham as a student, Ford moved to Manhattan’s Chelsea neighborhood and worked as a fashion model for the John Robert Powers firm in order to finance her dance studies. She joined Graham’s auxiliary troupe and eventually performed with the company at Carnegie Hall.

Her mother, now remarried to Arthur Meigs Goodwin, opposed her daughter’s choice of a career and insisted that she move home, but Ford resisted. They finally came to a compromise: she would return home for six months, and if nothing worked out for her in New York, she would return to Michigan, which she did in 1941. She became the fashion coordinator for a local department store. She also organized her own dance group and taught dance at various sites in Grand Rapids; those she taught included children with disabilities.

Marriages and family

In 1942, Ford married William C. Warren, a furniture salesman, whom she had known since she was 12. Warren began selling insurance shortly after and the couple moved frequently because of his work. At one point, they lived in Toledo, Ohio, where she was employed at the department store Lasalle & Koch as a demonstrator, a job that entailed being a model and saleswoman. They had no children and divorced on September 22, 1947, on the grounds of incompatibility.

On October 15, 1948, she married Gerald R. Ford Jr., a lawyer and World War II veteran, at Grace Episcopal Church, in Grand Rapids, Michigan. Gerald Ford was then campaigning for what would be his first of 13 terms as a member of the U.S. House of Representatives, and the wedding was delayed until shortly before the elections because, as The New York Times reported, "Jerry was running for Congress and wasn't sure how voters might feel about his marrying a divorced ex-dancer."

Married for 58 years, the couple had four children: Michael Gerald Ford (b. 1950), John Gardner Ford (nicknamed Jack, b. 1952), Steven Meigs Ford (b. 1956), and Susan Elizabeth Ford (b. 1957).

The Fords moved to the Virginia suburbs of the Washington, D.C. area and lived there for 25 years. Gerald rose to become the highest-ranking Republican in the House, then was appointed Vice President when Spiro Agnew resigned from that position in 1973. He became president in 1974, upon Richard M. Nixon's resignation in the wake of the Watergate scandal.

Betty and Gerald Ford were among the more openly loving and intimate First Couples in American history. Neither was shy about their mutual love and equal respect, and they were known to have a strong personal and political partnership.

First Lady of the United States

National power, influence, and candor

is sworn in as the 38th President of the United States by Chief Justice Warren Burger in the East Room at the White House as Betty Ford looks on]]

When compared to her predecessor, Pat Nixon, who was noted by one reporter to be the "most disciplined, composed first lady in history," reporters questioned what kind of first lady Ford would be. In the opinion of The New York Times and several presidential historians, "Mrs. Ford's impact on American culture may be far wider and more lasting than that of her husband, who served a mere 896 days, much of it spent trying to restore the dignity of the office of the president." The paper went on to describe her as "a product and symbol of the cultural and political times—doing the Bump along the corridors of the White House, donning a mood ring, chatting on her CB radio with the handle First Mama—a housewife who argued passionately for equal rights for women, a mother of four who mused about drugs, abortion and premarital sex aloud and without regret." In 1975, in an interview with McCall's magazine, Ford said that she was asked just about everything, except for how often she and the president had sex. "And if they'd asked me that I would have told them," she said, adding that her response would be, "As often as possible." and the possibility that her children may have experimented with marijuana. The remark about her daughter, Susan, led to public speculation about Susan's chastity and character, and was followed by Susan's vehement and public denial that she was having an affair.. The 60 Minutes interview occurred before Mrs. Ford's alcoholism and addiction to opioid analgesics had been disclosed, but which had been ongoing since the early 1960's, so it is possible that she was under the influence of alcohol or drugs during the interview. Some conservatives called her "No Lady" and even demanded her "resignation", but her overall approval rating was at 75%. As she later said, during her husband's failed 1976 presidential campaign, "I would give my life to have Jerry have my poll numbers."

The Arts

Ford was an advocate of the arts while First Lady and was instrumental in Martha Graham receiving the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1976.

She also received an award from Parsons The New School for Design in recognition of her style.

Conceding the 1976 election

After her husband's defeat in the 1976 Presidential election she delivered his historic concession speech. Ford spoke for the president and conceded the election to Jimmy Carter after her husband lost his voice campaigning.

Post-White House career

In the years after leaving the White House in 1977, Ford continued to lead an active public life. In addition to founding the Betty Ford Center, she remained active in women's issues taking on numerous speaking engagements and lending her name to charities for fundraising.

The Betty Ford Center

In 1978, the Ford family staged an intervention and forced her to confront her alcoholism and an addiction to opioid analgesics that had been prescribed in the early 1960s for a pinched nerve. "I liked alcohol," she wrote in her 1987 memoir. "It made me feel warm. And I loved pills. They took away my tension and my pain". In 1982, after her recovery, she established the Betty Ford Center in Rancho Mirage, California, for the treatment of chemical dependency. She wrote about her treatment in a 1987 book, Betty: A Glad Awakening. In 2003, Ford produced another book, Healing and Hope: Six Women from the Betty Ford Center Share Their Powerful Journeys of Addiction and Recovery.

In 2005, Ford relinquished her chairmanship of the center's board of directors to her daughter, Susan. She had held the top post at the centre since its founding. Gerald Ford good-naturedly joked about how Betty had been Chairman of the Board while he had only been a President.

The Women's Movement

Ford continued to be an active leader and activist of the Feminist Movement after her tenure as First Lady had expired, and continued to strongly advocate, and lobby politicians and state legislatures for, passage of the ERA.

In 1977 President Jimmy Carter appointed Ford to the National Commission on the Observance of International Women's Year. That same year, she joined First Ladies Lady Bird Johnson and Rosalynn Carter to take part in the National Women's Conference in Houston, Texas and, unlike Carter, announced full support for the Conference's National Plan of Action, which included controversial planks advocating the continued legalization of abortion, supported state-funded day care, and supported affirmative action programs and gay and lesbian rights.

In 1978 the deadline for ratification of the ERA was extended from 1979 to 1982, resulting largely from a march of hundred of thousands of people marching on Pennsylvania Avenue. The march was led by prominent feminist leaders, including Betty Friedan, Gloria Steinem, Bella Abzug, and Ford herself. Following the extension for ERA, in 1981, National Organization for Women President Eleanor Smeal announced Ford's appointment to be the chair of the ERA Countdown Campaign and events, with Alan Alda as her co-chair. As the deadline approached, Ford led marches, parades, and rallies for the Equal Rights Amendment with other feminists, such as First Daughter Maureen Reagan, and Hollywood actors. Ford was credited with rejuvenating the ERA Movement and inspiring women to continue the ERA.

In 2004 she reaffirmed her pro-choice stance and her support for Roe v. Wade. She still believes in and supports the ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment.

Later life

and Ford on April 23, 2006]] in early 2007]]

In 1987, Ford underwent quadruple coronary bypass surgery, but recovered without complications. In 1991, she was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President George H.W. Bush and a Congressional Gold Medal in 1999. On May 8, 2003, Ford received the prestigious Woodrow Wilson Award in Los Angeles for her public service from the Woodrow Wilson Center of the Smithsonian Institution. She resided in Rancho Mirage, California and in Beaver Creek, Colorado with her husband during these years. Her husband died at their Rancho Mirage home of heart failure on December 26, 2006 at the age of 93. Despite her advanced age and frail physical condition, Ford traveled across the country and took part in the funeral events in California, Washington D.C., and Michigan. She was greatly admired for the dignity she showed the nation during this period.

Ford continues to live in Rancho Mirage, California. At the age of 92, she is the oldest surviving former occupant of the White House. She is also the third longest-lived first lady behind Bess Truman and Lady Bird Johnson. Poor health and increasing frailty due to operations in August 2006 and April 2007 for blood clots in her legs have caused her to largely curtail her public life. Ill health prevented her from attending the funeral of former first lady Lady Bird Johnson in July 2007. Ford's daughter Susan Ford attended instead, representing her mother at the funeral service.

See also

List of notable breast cancer patients

List of famous people with breast cancer

Betty Ford Center

Feminist Movement in the United States (1963–1982)

Footnotes

References and external links

Betty Ford Biography. Ford Library & Museum. Retrieved December 29, 2006, University of Texas.

First Lady: Elizabeth "Betty" Bloomer Ford. First Lady: Biography. American President.org. Retrieved December 29, 2006, The Rector and Visitors of the University of Virginia.

Ford, Betty. (2006). In Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved December 29, 2006, from Encyclopædia Britannica Online.

First Lady Biography: Betty Ford. firstladies.org. Retrieved December 29, 2006, The National First Ladies Library.

Presidential Medal of Freedom Recipient Martha Graham. MedalofFreedom.com. Americans.net. Retrieved December 29, 2006,

Category:1918 births Category:American Episcopalians Category:Michigan Republicans Category:Congressional Gold Medal recipients Category:First Ladies of the United States Category:Ford family (Gerald) Category:Living people Category:People from Chicago, Illinois Category:People from Grand Rapids, Michigan Category:People self-identifying as alcoholics Category:Second Ladies of the United States Category:Spouses of members of the United States House of Representatives Category:American women's rights activists Category:Breast cancer survivors Category:Time Persons of the Year