Pet

and dog, the two most popular animals kept as pets.]]

A pet is a household animal kept for companionship and a person's enjoyment, as opposed to wild animals or to livestock, laboratory animals, working animals or sport animals, which are kept for economic or productive reasons. The most popular pets are noted for their loyal or playful characteristics, for their attractive appearance, or for their song. Pets also generally seem to provide their owners with non-trivial health benefits; keeping pets has been shown to help relieve stress to those who like having animals around. There is now a medically-approved class of "therapy animals," mostly dogs, that are brought to visit confined humans. Walking a dog can provide both the owner and the dog with exercise, fresh air, and social interaction. The most popular pets are dogs and cats, but there are also rodent pets, such as gerbils, hamsters, chinchillas, fancy rats, and guinea pigs, and avian pets, such as canaries, parakeets, or parrots.

Local restrictions

Many cities and towns have local ordinances limiting the number of pets a person may have, and may also restrict or forbid certain pets, such as exotics. Certain breeds of dog, such as the APBT and rottweilers, are banned in some places. Dog/other canid/wolf mixes are also banned in some places.

In many locations, animals that are considered pets by their owners but are legally classified as livestock, including horses, pigs, camelids, and fowl may be banned from being kept within the city limits or restricted to property of a certain larger size.

The cities of Berkeley, California and Boulder, Colorado have passed laws stating that people who have pets do not "own" them; rather, they are the pet's "guardian."

Condominium associations and rental properties often ban all animals or animals that cannot be confined to a cage or aquarium because of the odors and noise associated with them.

Pet popularity

Around 63% of all U.S. households (71.1 million) have pets, and more than half of these households have more than one animal. The two most popular pets in most Western countries have been cats and dogs. In the United States, a 2007-2008 survey showed that dog-owning households outnumbered those owning cats, but that the total number of pet cats was higher than that of dogs. The same was true for 2009-2010.

:{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:97%;" |+Most Popular Pets in the World (millions) !Rank !Pet !Worldwide (number owned) !Total number of pets owned in the U.S. !Number of U.S. households that own a pet |- | align=center | 1 | align=center | Cat | 202 | 93.6 | 38.2 |- | align=center | 2 | align=center | Dog | 171 | 77.5 | 45.6 |- | align=center | 3 | align=center | Fish | N/A | 171.7 | 13.3 |- | align=center | 4 | align=center | Small mammals | N/A | 15.9 | 5.3 |- | align=center | 5 | align=center | Birds | N/A | 15.0 | 6.0 |- | align=center | 6 | align=center | Reptiles & Amphibians | N/A | 13.6 | 4.7 |- | align=center | 7 | align=center | Equine | N/A | 13.3 | 3.9 |- |}

Choice of a pet

The average cost of a dog over its lifetime is estimated at about £20,000 (USD33,152). People most commonly get pets for companionship, to protect a home or property, or because of the beauty/attractiveness of the animals.

United States

with her pet Greyhound in April 1925]] According to the 2007-2008 Pet Owners survey: {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Animal ! Number of U.S. households
that own a pet (millions) ! Total number of pets owned
in the U.S. (millions) |- | Bird | 6.0 | 15.0 |- | Cat | 38.2 | 93.6 |- | Dog | 45.6 | 77.5 |- | Equine | 3.9 | 13.3 |- | Freshwater fish | 13.3 | 171.7 |- | Saltwater fish | 0.7 | 11.2 |- | Reptile | 4.7 | 13.6 |- | Small pets | 5.3 | 15.9 |}

Canada

In Canada the latest survey done by Colin Siren of Ipsos Reid it is estimated that there are 7.9 million cats and 5.9 million dogs in Canada. The survey also shows that 35% of Canadian households have a dog, while 38% have a cat, which is consistent with other surveys conducted around the world.

United Kingdom

A 2007 survey by the University of Bristol found that 26% of UK households owned cats and 31% owned dogs, estimating total domestic populations of approximately 10.3 million cats and 10.5 million dogs in 2006. 47.2% of households with a cat had at least one person educated to degree level, compared with 38.4% of homes with dogs.

Overpopulation

Animal protection advocates call attention to pet overpopulation in the United States. According to the Humane Society of the United States, 3-4 million dogs and cats are euthanized each year in the country and many more are confined to cages in shelters. This situation is created by nonneutered animals (spayed/castrated) reproducing and people intentionally breeding animals. A particularly problematic combination of economic hardship combined with a love of animals contributes to this problem in parts of the rural United States. There are also major overpopulation problems with other pet species, such as birds and rabbits. Local humane societies, Societies for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (SPCAs), and other animal protection organizations urge people to neuter their pets and to adopt animals from animal shelters instead of purchasing them from breeders or pet stores.

Effects on pets' health

Keeping animals as pets may become detrimental to their health if certain requirements are not kept. An important issue is the inappropriate feeding, which may produce clinical effects (like the consumption of chocolate by dogs). Passive smoking is another recurring problem, aggravated by the fact that fur animals groom themselves, which means taking in extra harmful substances that have landed on their fur, not just those inhaled.

Effects of pets on their caregiver's health

Health benefits

Pets have the ability to stimulate their caregivers, in particular the elderly, giving people someone to take care of, someone to exercise with, and someone to help them heal from a physically or psychologically troubled past. Having a pet may help people achieve health goals, such as lowered blood pressure, or mental goals, such as decreased stress. There is evidence that having a pet can help a person lead a longer, healthier life. In a study of 92 people hospitalized for coronary ailments, within a year 11 of the 29 without pets had died, compared to only 3 of the 52 who had pets.A recent study concluded that owning a pet can reduce the risk of a heart attack by 2% and that pets are better than medication in reducing blood pressure. Owning a pet can also prolong survival of a heart attack. Dogs which are trained to be guide dogs can help people with disabilities. Dogs that are trained in the field of Animal-Assisted Therapy (AAT) can also benefit people with disabilities.

Pets in long-term care institutions

Even pet owners residing in a long-term care facility, such as a hospice or nursing home, experience health benefits from pets. Pets for nursing homes are chosen based on the size of the pet, the amount of care that the breed needs, and the population and size of the care institution. Different pets require varying amounts of attention and care; for example, cats have lower maintenance requirements than dogs.

Health risks

Health risks that are associated with pets include:

Aggravation of allergies and asthma caused by dander and fur or feathers

Falling injuries. Tripping over pets, especially dogs, causes more than 86,000 falls serious enough to prompt a trip to the emergency room each year in the United States. Among elderly and disabled people, these falls have resulted in life-threatening injuries and broken bones.

Injuries, maulings and sometimes deaths caused by pet bites and attacks

Disease and/or parasites due to animal hygiene problems or lack of appropriate treatment (faeces and urine)

Stress caused by behaviour of animals

Fear or distress from animal presence or behaviour

Spread of diseases like the fatal rabies when not properly taken care of.

Common types

While many people have kept many different species of animals in captivity over the course of human history, only a relative few have been kept long enough to be considered domesticated. Other types of animals, notably monkeys, have never been domesticated but are still commonly sold and kept as pets. There are also inanimate objects that have been kept as "pets", either as a form of game, or humorously (i.e. the pet rock).

Domesticated

Domesticated pets are the most common types of pet. They have consistently been kept in captivity over a long enough period of time that they exhibit marked differences in behavior and appearance from their wild relatives.

Mammals

Alpacas

Asses including mules, miniature donkeys, donkeys, burros

Cats

Dogs

Ferrets

Domesticated Hedgehogs

Horses

Goats

Pygmy Goats

Llamas

Pot-Bellied Pigs

Rabbits

Rodents, including hamsters, guinea pigs, fancy mice, gerbils, chinchillas, plains viscachas, and fancy rats

Sheep including ewes and lambs

Pet Skunks

Tame Silver Foxes

Sugar Gliders

Bird species

Companion parrots, including the budgerigar, lovebird, cockatoo, and cockatiel

Monk Parakeets

Domestic Canary and other finch species

Chickens

Domestic turkeys

Domestic ducks

Peafowl

Columbidae

Ravens and Crows

Wild

Wild animals are often kept as pets. The term wild in this context specifically applies to any species of animal which has not undergone a fundamental change in behavior to facilitate a close co-existence with humans. Some species listed here may have been bred in captivity for a considerable length of time, but are still not recognized as domesticated. Many of these pets, like insects and fish, are kept as a hobby, rather than for companionship.

Exotic mammals

Anteaters like giant anteaters and southern tamanduas

Canidae like arctic foxes, coydogs, dingos, fennec foxes, gray foxes, and wolfdogs

Civets like binturongs and genets

Deer like reindeer and leaf muntjacs

Duikers

Felidae like bobcats, cheetahs, jaguars, leopards, cougars, lions, ocelots, servals, and tigers

Marsupials like opossums, red kangaroos, short-tailed opossums, wallabys, wallaroos, and wombats

Mongoose

Mustelids like badgers, minks, and otters

Primates like capuchin monkeys, chimpanzees, guenons, lemurs, macaques, marmosets, slow lorises, spider monkeys, squirrel monkeys, sykes' monkeys, tamarins, tarsiers, and vervet monkeys - see Pet monkey for more.

Procyonidae like cacomistles, coatimundi, kinkajous, raccoons, and ringtail cats

Rodents like chipmunks, degus, dormouse, flying squirrels, groundhogs, patagonian cavys, pouched rats, and prairie dogs.

Spotted Hyena

Tapirs

Sloths such as two-toed sloths and pale-throated three-toed sloths

Birds

Emus

Ostriches

Greater rheas

Reptiles

Crocodilians, including alligators, caimans, crocodiles, and gharials

Iguanas

Lizards

Snakes (many of the commonly kept ones like corn, king, milk and other snakes have morphs, which are color or pattern mutations)

Tortoises

Turtles

Amphibians

Frogs

Newts

Salamanders

Toads

Fish

Some of the common freshwater aquarium fishes. For more species of freshwater fishes, please see the list of freshwater aquarium fish species.

Angelfish (freshwater)

Barb

Cichlid

Corydoras

Danio

Discus

Goldfish

Gourami

Koi

Live-bearer

Loach

Mbuna

Plecostomus

Rainbowfish

Rasbora

Siamese fighting fish

Tetra

Some of the common marine aquarium fishes. For more species of saltwater fishes, please see the list of marine aquarium fish species.

Angelfish (marine)

Blenny

Boxfish

Butterflyfish

Chromis

Clownfish

Damsel

Goby

Lionfish

Pufferfish

Seahorse

Tang

Triggerfish

Wrasse

Arthropods

is one example of a pet arthropod.]]

Ants

Centipedes

Cockroaches

Crabs and Hermit Crabs

Crickets

Daphnia

Millipedes

Pill Bugs, giant

Praying Mantises

Sea Monkeys (a type of brine shrimp)

Scorpions

Shrimp (including closely related creatures such as amphipods and branchiopods)

Stick Insects

Tarantulas and other spiders can be kept as well

Triops

Vinegaroons (whip scorpions)

Molluscs

Snails

Cuttlefish Octopuses

Non-living

Digital

*Digital pets such as Gigapets, Neopets, Tamagotchi, or Nintendogs

Pet rocks - a type of toy; a rock treated as a pet

Live rock - Rock with microorganisms and small mollusks within, used in salt water aquariums

Stuffed toys are sometimes treated as pets

Robotic

*Humanoid robots - robots designed to resemble and interact with humans such as QRIO and ASIMO

*Robotic pets - artificially intelligent robots treated as pets such as Aibo and Genibo

*Robotic stuffed animals - robots covered in fur such as Furby and Zhu Zhu Pets

*Robotic dinosaurs - robots designed to resemble dinosaurs such as Pleo and D-Rex

*Domestic robots - some people treat domestic robots such as Roomba as pets

See also

Animal Chaplains

American Animal Hospital Association

Animal hoarder

Animal keeping

Brood parasite

Dog attack

Human-animal bonding

P.A.W.S.

Pet adoption

Pet cloning

Pet First Aid

Pet food

Pet insurance

Pet passport

Pet sitting

Pets for vets

Popular cat names

The Pet Network

United States presidential pets

:Category:Veterinary medicine

Zoonosis

Pet loss:

* Animal loss

* Pet cemetery

* Rainbow Bridge (pets)

Alternative pets:

* Digital pet

* Exotic pet

References

External links

Companion Animal Demographics in the United States: A Historical Perspective from The State of the Animals II: 2003

Category:Human-animal relationships