| Name | QNX |
|---|---|
| Screenshot | |
| Caption | The default desktop in QNX 6.4.1 |
| Developer | QNX Software Systems / Research In Motion |
| Source model | Source code available for personal use only |
| Kernel type | Real-time Microkernel |
| Supported platforms | Intel 8088, x86, MIPS, PowerPC, SH-4, ARM, StrongARM, XScale |
| Family | Unix-like |
| Released | 1982 |
| Latest release version | 6.5.0 |
| Latest release date | June, 2010 |
| Marketing target | Embedded systems |
| Package manager | Able to use Pkgsrc framework from NetBSD project |
| Working state | Current |
| License | Proprietary |
| Website | www.qnx.com |
The system is quite small, with earlier versions fitting on a single floppy disk.
QNX Neutrino (2001) has been ported to a number of platforms and now runs on practically any modern CPU that is used in the embedded market. This includes the PowerPC, x86 family, MIPS, SH-4 and the closely related family of ARM, StrongARM and XScale CPUs.
As of September 12, 2007, QNX offers a license for non-commercial users.
One of first widespread uses of the QNX real-time OS (RTOS) was in the non-embedded world, when it was selected as the operating system for the Ontario education system's own computer design, the Unisys ICON. Over the years QNX was used mostly for "larger" projects, as its 44k kernel was too large to fit inside the single-chip computers of the era. The system garnered a reputation for reliability and found itself in use running machinery in a number of industrial applications.
In the late-1980s, Quantum realized that the market was rapidly moving towards the POSIX model and decided to rewrite the kernel to be much more compatible at a lower level. The result was QNX 4. During this time Patrick Hayden, while working as an intern, along with Robin Burgener (a full time employee at the time), developed a new concept for a . This patented concept was developed into the embeddable GUI named the QNX Photon microGUI. QNX also provided a version of the X Window System. Due to the POSIX interface, porting Unix and BSD packages to QNX became much easier.
Toward the end of the 1990s, the company (now called QNX Software Systems) began work on a completely new version of the QNX RTOS, designed from the ground up to be SMP capable, and to support all current POSIX APIs and any new POSIX APIs that could be anticipated while still retaining the microkernel architecture. This resulted in the QNX Neutrino RTOS, which was released in 2001.
Along with the Neutrino kernel, QNX Software Systems made a serious commitment to tooling, and became a founding member of the Eclipse consortium. The company released a suite of Eclipse plug-ins packaged with the Eclipse workbench in 2002 under the name QNX Momentics Tool Suite.
In 2004 the company announced it had been sold to Harman International Industries. Prior to this acquisition, QNX software was already widely used in the automotive industry for telematics systems. Since the purchase by Harman, QNX software has been designed into over 200 different automobile makes and models - not only in telematics systems but in infotainment and navigation units as well. The company has since released several middleware products including the QNX Aviage Multimedia Suite, the QNX Aviage Acoustic Processing Suite and the QNX HMI Suite.
In September 2007 QNX Software Systems announced the availability of some of its source code.
On April 9, 2010, Research In Motion announced they will acquire QNX Software Systems from Harman International Industries. On the same day, QNX source code access was restricted. In September, 2010, the company announced a tablet computer, the BlackBerry PlayBook, and a new operating system BlackBerry Tablet OS based on QNX to run on the tablet.
Cisco's IOS-XR (ultra high availability IOS), is based on QNX software , as is IOS Software Modularity.
QNX interprocess communication consists of sending a message from one process to another and waiting for a reply. This is a single operation, called MsgSend. The message is copied, by the kernel, from the address space of the sending process to that of the receiving process. If the receiving process is waiting for the message, control of the CPU is transferred at the same time, without a pass through the CPU scheduler. Thus, sending a message to another process and waiting for a reply does not result in "losing one's turn" for the CPU. This tight integration between message passing and CPU scheduling is one of the key mechanisms that makes QNX message passing broadly usable. Most UNIX and Linux interprocess communication mechanisms lack this tight integration, although an implementation of QNX-type messaging for Linux does exist. Mishandling of this subtle issue is a primary reason for the disappointing performance of some other microkernel systems.
Due to the microkernel architecture QNX is also a distributed operating system. Dan Dodge and Peter van der Veen hold a patent based on the QNX operating system's distributed processing features known commercially as Transparent Distributed Processing.
All I/O operations, file system operations, and network operations were meant to work through this mechanism, and the data transferred was copied during message passing. Later versions of QNX reduce the number of separate processes and integrate the network stack and other function blocks into single applications for performance reasons.
Message handling is prioritized by thread priority. Since I/O requests are performed using message passing, high priority threads receive I/O service before low priority threads, an essential feature in a hard real-time system.
The boot loader, although seldom discussed, is the other key component of the minimal microkernel system. Because user programs can be built into the boot image, the set of device drivers and support libraries needed for startup need not be, and are not, in the kernel. Even such functions as program loading are not in the kernel, but instead are in shared user-space libraries loaded as part of the boot image. It is possible to put an entire boot image into ROM, which is used for diskless embedded systems.
Neutrino supports symmetric multiprocessing and Bound multiprocessing (BMP), which is QNX's term for being able to lock selected threads to selected CPUs. BMP is used to improve cache hitting and to ease the migration of non-SMP safe applications to multi-processor computers.
Neutrino supports strict priority-preemptive scheduling and Adaptive Partition Scheduling (APS). APS guarantees minimum CPU percentages to selected groups of threads, even though others may have higher priority. The adaptive partition scheduler is still strictly priority-preemptive when the system is underloaded. It can also be configured to run a selected set of critical threads strictly realtime, even when the system is overloaded.
TDP is covered by U.S. Patent 5,745,759.
Category:Unix Category:Computing platforms Category:Real-time operating systems Category:Embedded operating systems Category:Companies based in Ottawa Category:Microkernels Category:Lightweight Unix-like systems Category:Research In Motion
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