Vincenzo Galilei
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Vincenzo, in his study of pitch and string tension, produced perhaps the first non-linear mathematical description of a natural phenomenon known to history. This was an extension of a Pythagorean tradition, but went beyond it. Many scholars credit him with directing the activity of his son away from pure, abstract mathematics and towards experimentation using mathematical quantitative description of the results – a direction which was of utmost importance for the history of physics, and natural science in general.
Vincenzo was a skilled player of the lute, and early in life attracted the attention of powerful, well-connected patrons. In 1563 he met Gioseffo Zarlino, the most important music theorist of the sixteenth century, in Venice, and began studying with him. Somewhat later he became interested in the attempts to revive ancient Greek music and drama, by way of his association with the Florentine Camerata (a group of poets, musicians and intellectuals led by Count Giovanni de' Bardi) as well as his contacts with Girolamo Mei, the foremost scholar of the time of ancient Greek music. Sometime in the 1570s his interests in music theory, as well as his composition, began to move in this direction. Some of Galilei's most important theoretical contributions involve the treatment of dissonance: he had a largely modern conception, allowing passing dissonance "if the voices flow smoothly" as well as on-the-beat dissonance, such as suspensions, which he called "essential dissonance." This describes Baroque practice, especially as he defines rules for resolution of suspensions by a preliminary leap away from, followed by a return to, the expected note of resolution.
In addition, towards the end of his life he made some substantial discoveries in acoustics, particularly involving the physics of vibrating strings and columns of air. He discovered that while the ratio of an interval is proportional to string lengths – for example, a perfect fifth has the proportions of 3:2 – it varied with the ''square root'' of the tension applied (and the cube root of concave volumes of air). In the case of strings tuned in a perfect fifth, weights suspended from them needed to be in a ratio of 9:4 to produce the 3:2 perfect fifth.
The use of recitative in opera is widely attributed to Galilei, since he was one of the inventors of monody, the musical style closest to recitative.
Galilei composed two books of madrigals, as well as music for lute, and a considerable quantity of music for voice and lute; this latter category is considered to be his most important contribution as it anticipated in many ways the style of the early Baroque.
Many scholars credit him with directing the activity of his son away from pure, abstract mathematics and towards experimentation using mathematical quantitative description of the results – a direction which was of utmost importance for the history of science.
Category:1520s births Category:1591 deaths Vincenzo Galilei Category:Italian lutenists Category:Italian music theorists Category:Renaissance composers Category:People from the Province of Pisa
bn:ভিনসেঞ্জো গ্যালিলি bg:Винченцо Галилей ca:Vincenzo Galilei da:Vincenzo Galilei de:Vincenzo Galilei es:Vincenzo Galilei eo:Vincenzo Galilei fr:Vincenzo Galilei it:Vincenzo Galilei he:וינצ'נצו גליליי hu:Vincenzo Galilei nl:Vincenzo Galilei ja:ヴィンチェンツォ・ガリレイ no:Vincenzo Galilei pl:Vincenzo Galilei pt:Vincenzo Galilei ru:Галилей, Винченцо sl:Vincenzo Galilei fi:Vincenzo Galilei sv:Vincenzo Galilei uk:Вінченцо ГалілейThis text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
| Coordinates | 33°55′31″N18°25′26″N |
|---|---|
| Name | Jerry Willard |
| Position | Catcher |
| Bats | Left |
| Throws | Right |
| Birth date | March 14, 1960 |
| Birth place | Oxnard, California |
| Debutdate | April 11 |
| Debutyear | 1984 |
| Debutteam | Cleveland Indians |
| Finaldate | May 19 |
| Finalyear | 1994 |
| Finalteam | Seattle Mariners |
| Stat1label | Batting average |
| Stat1value | .249 |
| Stat2label | Home runs |
| Stat2value | 25 |
| Stat3label | Runs batted in |
| Stat3value | 114 |
| Teams |
Gerald Duane Willard (born March 14, 1960, in Oxnard, California) was a Major League Baseball catcher.
Signed by the Philadelphia Phillies as an amateur free agent in 1979, Willard would make his Major League Baseball debut with the Cleveland Indians on April 11, 1984, and appeared in his final game on May 19, 1994.
Willard's career was spent mostly in obscurity, however he did experience one significant moment of fame. On October 23, 1991, playing for the Atlanta Braves in the 1991 World Series against the Minnesota Twins, Willard would make his only series plate appearance in the bottom of the 9th of a 2-2 game, having been sent up to pinch-hit for Francisco Cabrera after a Minnesota pitching change with Mark Lemke on 3rd Base. Facing top reliever Steve Bedrosian with one out, Willard would loft a high fly out to Right Fielder Shane Mack, which proved to be just barely deep enough to score Lemke with the winning run that won the game for the Braves.
Category:Baseball players from California Category:1960 births Category:Living people Category:Cleveland Indians players Category:Oakland Athletics players Category:Chicago White Sox players Category:Atlanta Braves players Category:Montreal Expos players Category:Central Oregon Phillies players Category:Peninsula Pilots players Category:Oklahoma City 89ers players Category:Reading Phillies players Category:Richmond Braves players Category:Calgary Cannons players Category:Indianapolis Indians players Category:Tacoma Tigers players Category:Vancouver Canadians players Category:Birmingham Barons players Category:Maine Guides players Category:Charleston Charlies players Category:Major League Baseball catchers Category:Tacoma Rainiers players
This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
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