The 'Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG) is a working group of experts that was formed by ISO and IEC to set standards for audio and video compression and transmission. It was established in 1988 and its first meeting was in May 1988 in Ottawa, Canada. As of late 2005, MPEG has grown to include approximately 350 members per meeting from various industries, universities, and research institutions. MPEG's official designation is ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29 WG11 - Coding of moving pictures and audio (ISO/IEC Joint Technical Committee 1, Subcommittee 29, Working Group 11).
*MPEG-1 (1993): Coding of moving pictures and associated audio for digital storage media at up to about 1.5 Mbit/s (ISO/IEC 11172). The first MPEG compression standard for audio and video. It was basically designed to allow moving pictures and sound to be encoded into the bitrate of a Compact Disc. It is used on Video CD, SVCD and can be used for low-quality video on DVD Video. It was used in digital satellite/cable TV services before MPEG-2 became widespread. To meet the low bit requirement, MPEG-1 downsamples the images, as well as uses picture rates of only 24–30 Hz, resulting in a moderate quality. It is also used on Blu-ray Discs, but these normally use MPEG-4 Part 10 or SMPTE VC-1 for high-definition content.
*MPEG-3: MPEG-3 dealt with standardizing scalable and multi-resolution compression MPEG-3 is not to be confused with MP3, which is MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3.
*MPEG-4 (1998): Coding of audio-visual objects. (ISO/IEC 14496) MPEG-4 uses further coding tools with additional complexity to achieve higher compression factors than MPEG-2. In addition to more efficient coding of video, MPEG-4 moves closer to computer graphics applications. In more complex profiles, the MPEG-4 decoder effectively becomes a rendering processor and the compressed bitstream describes three-dimensional shapes and surface texture. It also supports MPEG-J, a fully programmatic solution for creation of custom interactive multimedia applications (Java application environment with a Java API) and many other features. Several new higher-efficiency video standards (newer than MPEG-2 Video) are included, notably:
In addition, the following standards, while not sequential advances to the video encoding standard as with MPEG-1 through MPEG-4, are referred to by similar notation:
*MPEG-7 (2002): Multimedia content description interface. (ISO/IEC 15938)
*MPEG-21 (2001): Multimedia framework (MPEG-21). (ISO/IEC 21000) MPEG describes this standard as a multimedia framework and provides for intellectual property management and protection.
Moreover, more recently than other standards above, MPEG has started following international standards; each of the standards holds multiple MPEG technologies for a way of application. (For example, MPEG-A includes a number of technologies on multimedia application format.)
*MPEG-A (2007): Multimedia application format (MPEG-A). (ISO/IEC 23000) (e.g., Purpose for multimedia application formats, MPEG music player application format, MPEG photo player application format and others)
*MPEG-B (2006): MPEG systems technologies. (ISO/IEC 23001) (e.g., Binary MPEG format for XML, Fragment Request Units, Bitstream Syntax Description Language (BSDL) and others)
*MPEG-C (2006): MPEG video technologies. (ISO/IEC 23002) (e.g., Accuracy requirements for implementation of integer-output 8x8 inverse discrete cosine transform and others)
*MPEG-D (2007): MPEG audio technologies. (ISO/IEC 23003) (e.g., MPEG Surround and two parts under development: SAOC-Spatial Audio Object Coding and USAC-Unified Speech and Audio Coding)
*MPEG-E (2007): Multimedia Middleware. (ISO/IEC 23004) (a.k.a. M3W) (e.g., Architecture, Multimedia application programming interface (API), Component model and others)
*Supplemental media technologies (2008). (ISO/IEC 29116) Part 1: Media streaming application format protocols will be revised in MPEG-M Part 4 - MPEG extensible middleware (MXM) protocols.
*MPEG-V (under development): Media context and control. (ISO/IEC FCD 23005) (a.k.a. Information exchange with Virtual Worlds) (e.g., Avatar characteristics, Sensor information, Architecture and others)
*MPEG-M (under development): MPEG eXtensible Middleware (MXM). (ISO/IEC FCD 23006) (e.g., MXM architecture and technologies, API, MPEG extensible middleware (MXM) protocols)
*MPEG-U (under development): Rich media user interfaces. (ISO/IEC FCD 23007) (e.g., Widgets)
{| class="wikitable sortable" width="100%" |+MPEG groups of standards |- ! width="8%" | Acronym for a group of standards ! width="30%" | Title ! width="15%" | ISO/IEC standards ! width="8%" | First public release date (First edition) ! Description |- | MPEG-1 | Coding of moving pictures and associated audio for digital storage media at up to about 1,5 Mbit/s | ISO/IEC 11172 | 1993 | |- | MPEG-2 | Generic coding of moving pictures and associated audio information | ISO/IEC 13818 | 1995 | |- | MPEG-3 | | | | abandoned, incorporated into MPEG-2 |- | MPEG-4 | Coding of audio-visual objects | ISO/IEC 14496 | 1999 | |- | MPEG-7 | Multimedia content description interface | ISO/IEC 15938 | 2002 | |- | MPEG-21 | Multimedia framework (MPEG-21) | ISO/IEC 21000 | 2001 | |- | MPEG-A | Multimedia application format (MPEG-A) | ISO/IEC 23000 | 2007 | |- | MPEG-B | MPEG systems technologies | ISO/IEC 23001 | 2006 | |- | MPEG-C | MPEG video technologies | ISO/IEC 23002 | 2006 | |- | MPEG-D | MPEG audio technologies | ISO/IEC 23003 | 2007 | |- | MPEG-E | Multimedia Middleware | ISO/IEC 23004 | 2007 | |- | (none) | Supplemental media technologies | ISO/IEC 29116 | 2008 | will be revised in MPEG-M Part 4 - MPEG extensible middleware (MXM) protocols |- | MPEG-V | Media context and control | ISO/IEC FCD 23005
* PWI - Preliminary Work Item
* CD Amd / PDAmd (PDAM) - Committee Draft Amendment / Proposed Draft Amendment (e.g., ISO/IEC 13818-1:2007/CD Amd 6)
Other abbreviations:
A proposal of work (New Proposal) is approved at Subcommittee and then at the Technical Committee level (SC29 and JTC1 respectively - in the case of MPEG). When the scope of new work is sufficiently clarified, MPEG usually makes open requests for proposals - known as "Call for proposals". The first document that is produced for audio and video coding standards is called a Verification Model (VM). In the case of MPEG-1 and MPEG-2 this was called Simulation and Test Model, respectively. When a sufficient confidence in the stability of the standard under development is reached, a Working Draft (WD) is produced. This is in the form of a standard but is kept internal to MPEG for revision. When a WD is sufficiently solid, becomes Committee Draft (CD) (usually at the planned time). It is then sent to National Bodies (NB) for ballot. The CD becomes Final Committee Draft (FCD) if the number of positive votes is above the quorum. After a review and comments issued by NBs, FCD is again submitted to NBs for the second ballot. If the FCD is approved, it becomes Final Draft International Standard (FDIS). ISO then holds a ballot with National Bodies, where no technical changes are allowed (yes/no ballot). If approved, the document becomes International Standard (IS).
ISO/IEC Directives allow also the so-called "Fast-track procedure". In this procedure a document is submitted directly for approval as a draft International Standard (DIS) to the ISO member bodies or as a final draft International Standard (FDIS) if the document was developed by an international standardizing body recognized by the ISO Council.
Category:Film and video technology Category:Computer file formats Category:Working groups Category:MPEG
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![The Canon EOS 5D Mark II is a 21.1-megapixel full-frame CMOS digital single-lens reflex camera made by Canon. It succeeds the EOS 5D and was announced on September 17, 2008.[2] The 5D Mark II was the first digital camera used for an official U.S. Presidential portrait.](http://web.archive.org./web/20110226032715im_/http://cdn.wn.com/pd/ae/b6/6d784071bd917483f0e1a8c876d9_thumb.jpg "The Canon EOS 5D Mark II is a 21.1-megapixel full-frame CMOS digital single-lens reflex camera made by Canon. It succeeds the EOS 5D and was announced on September 17, 2008.[2] The 5D Mark II was the first digital camera used for an official U.S. Presidential portrait.")
