Sunday, 06 February 2011

Earthquake

s, 1963–1998]] An earthquake (also known as a quake, tremor or temblor) is the result of a sudden release of energy in the Earth's crust that creates seismic waves. The seismicity or seismic activity of an area refers to the frequency, type and size of earthquakes experienced over a period of time. Earthquakes are measured with a seismometer; a device which also records is known as a seismograph. The moment magnitude (or the related and mostly obsolete Richter magnitude) of an earthquake is conventionally reported, with magnitude 3 or lower earthquakes being mostly and magnitude 7 causing serious damage over large areas. Intensity of shaking is measured on the modified Mercalli scale. The depth of the earthquake also matters: the more shallow the earthquake, the more damage to structures (all else being equal).

At the Earth's surface, earthquakes manifest themselves by shaking and sometimes displacing the ground. When a large earthquake epicenter is located offshore, the seabed sometimes suffers sufficient displacement to cause a tsunami. The shaking in earthquakes can also trigger landslides and occasionally volcanic activity.

In its most generic sense, the word earthquake is used to describe any seismic event—whether a natural phenomenon or an event caused by humans—that generates seismic waves. Earthquakes are caused mostly by rupture of geological faults, but also by volcanic activity, landslides, mine blasts, and nuclear tests. An earthquake's point of initial rupture is called its focus or hypocenter. The term epicenter refers to the point at ground level directly above the hypocenter.

Naturally occurring earthquakes

Tectonic earthquakes will occur anywhere within the earth where there is sufficient stored elastic strain energy to drive fracture propagation along a fault plane. In the case of transform or convergent type plate boundaries, which form the largest fault surfaces on earth, they will move past each other smoothly and aseismically only if there are no irregularities or asperities along the boundary that increase the frictional resistance. Most boundaries do have such asperities and this leads to a form of stick-slip behaviour. Once the boundary has locked, continued relative motion between the plates leads to increasing stress and therefore, stored strain energy in the volume around the fault surface. This continues until the stress has risen sufficiently to break through the asperity, suddenly allowing sliding over the locked portion of the fault, releasing the stored energy. This energy is released as a combination of radiated elastic strain seismic waves, frictional heating of the fault surface, and cracking of the rock, thus causing an earthquake. This process of gradual build-up of strain and stress punctuated by occasional sudden earthquake failure is referred to as the Elastic-rebound theory. It is estimated that only 10 percent or less of an earthquake's total energy is radiated as seismic energy. Most of the earthquake's energy is used to power the earthquake fracture growth or is converted into heat generated by friction. Therefore, earthquakes lower the Earth's available elastic potential energy and raise its temperature, though these changes are negligible compared to the conductive and convective flow of heat out from the Earth's deep interior.

Earthquake fault types

There are three main types of fault that may cause an earthquake: normal, reverse (thrust) and strike-slip. Normal and reverse faulting are examples of dip-slip, where the displacement along the fault is in the direction of dip and movement on them involves a vertical component. Normal faults occur mainly in areas where the crust is being extended such as a divergent boundary. Reverse faults occur in areas where the crust is being shortened such as at a convergent boundary. Strike-slip faults are steep structures where the two sides of the fault slip horizontally past each other ; transform boundaries are a particular type of strike-slip fault. Many earthquakes are caused by movement on faults that have components of both dip-slip and strike-slip; this is known as oblique slip.

Earthquakes away from plate boundaries

Where plate boundaries occur within continental lithosphere, deformation is spread out over a much larger area than the plate boundary itself. In the case of the San Andreas fault continental transform, many earthquakes occur away from the plate boundary and are related to strains developed within the broader zone of deformation caused by major irregularities in the fault trace (e.g. the “Big bend” region). The Northridge earthquake was associated with movement on a blind thrust within such a zone. Another example is the strongly oblique convergent plate boundary between the Arabian and Eurasian plates where it runs through the northwestern part of the Zagros mountains. The deformation associated with this plate boundary is partitioned into nearly pure thrust sense movements perpendicular to the boundary over a wide zone to the southwest and nearly pure strike-slip motion along the Main Recent Fault close to the actual plate boundary itself. This is demonstrated by earthquake focal mechanisms.

All tectonic plates have internal stress fields caused by their interactions with neighbouring plates and sedimentary loading or unloading (e.g. deglaciation). These stresses may be sufficient to cause failure along existing fault planes, giving rise to intraplate earthquakes.

Shallow-focus and deep-focus earthquakes

The majority of tectonic earthquakes originate at the ring of fire in depths not exceeding tens of kilometers. Earthquakes occurring at a depth of less than 70 km are classified as 'shallow-focus' earthquakes, while those with a focal-depth between 70 and 300 km are commonly termed 'mid-focus' or 'intermediate-depth' earthquakes. In subduction zones, where older and colder oceanic crust descends beneath another tectonic plate, deep-focus earthquakes may occur at much greater depths (ranging from 300 up to 700 kilometers). These seismically active areas of subduction are known as Wadati-Benioff zones. Deep-focus earthquakes occur at a depth at which the subducted lithosphere should no longer be brittle, due to the high temperature and pressure. A possible mechanism for the generation of deep-focus earthquakes is faulting caused by olivine undergoing a phase transition into a spinel structure.

Earthquakes and volcanic activity

Earthquakes often occur in volcanic regions and are caused there, both by tectonic faults and the movement of magma in volcanoes. Such earthquakes can serve as an early warning of volcanic eruptions, as during the Mount St. Helens eruption of 1980. Earthquake swarms can serve as markers for the location of the flowing magma throughout the volcanoes. These swarms can be recorded by seismometers and tiltmeters (a device which measures the ground slope) and used as sensors to predict imminent or upcoming eruptions.

Rupture dynamics

A tectonic earthquake begins by an initial rupture at a point on the fault surface, a process known as nucleation. The scale of the nucleation zone is uncertain, with some evidence, such as the rupture dimensions of the smallest earthquakes, suggesting that it is smaller than 100 m while other evidence, such as a slow component revealed by low-frequency spectra of some earthquakes, suggest that it is larger. The possibility that the nucleation involves some sort of preparation process is supported by the observation that about 40% of earthquakes are preceded by foreshocks. Once the rupture has initiated it begins to propagate along the fault surface. The mechanics of this process are poorly understood, partly because it is difficult to recreate the high sliding velocities in a laboratory. Also the effects of strong ground motion make it very difficult to record information close to a nucleation zone.

Earthquake clusters

Most earthquakes form part of a sequence, related to each other in terms of location and time. Most earthquake clusters consist of small tremors which cause little to no damage, but there is a theory that earthquakes can recur in a regular pattern.

Aftershocks

An aftershock is an earthquake that occurs after a previous earthquake, the mainshock. An aftershock is in the same region of the main shock but always of a smaller magnitude. If an aftershock is larger than the main shock, the aftershock is redesignated as the main shock and the original main shock is redesignated as a foreshock. Aftershocks are formed as the crust around the displaced fault plane adjusts to the effects of the main shock.

Earthquake storms

Sometimes a series of earthquakes occur in a sort of earthquake storm, where the earthquakes strike a fault in clusters, each triggered by the shaking or stress redistribution of the previous earthquakes. Similar to aftershocks but on adjacent segments of fault, these storms occur over the course of years, and with some of the later earthquakes as damaging as the early ones. Such a pattern was observed in the sequence of about a dozen earthquakes that struck the North Anatolian Fault in Turkey in the 20th century and has been inferred for older anomalous clusters of large earthquakes in the Middle East.

Size and frequency of occurrence

There are around 500,000 earthquakes each year. About 100,000 of these can actually be felt. Minor earthquakes occur nearly constantly around the world in places like California and Alaska in the U.S., as well as in Guatemala. Chile, Peru, Indonesia, Iran, Pakistan, the Azores in Portugal, Turkey, New Zealand, Greece, Italy, and Japan, but earthquakes can occur almost anywhere, including New York City, London, and Australia. Larger earthquakes occur less frequently, the relationship being exponential; for example, roughly ten times as many earthquakes larger than magnitude 4 occur in a particular time period than earthquakes larger than magnitude 5. In the (low seismicity) United Kingdom, for example, it has been calculated that the average recurrences are: an earthquake of 3.7 - 4.6 every year, an earthquake of 4.7 - 5.5 every 10 years, and an earthquake of 5.6 or larger every 100 years. This is an example of the Gutenberg-Richter law. and tsunami took as many as 200,000 lives on December 28, 1908 in Sicily and Calabria.]] The number of seismic stations has increased from about 350 in 1931 to many thousands today. As a result, many more earthquakes are reported than in the past, but this is because of the vast improvement in instrumentation, rather than an increase in the number of earthquakes. The USGS estimates that, since 1900, there have been an average of 18 major earthquakes (magnitude 7.0-7.9) and one great earthquake (magnitude 8.0 or greater) per year, and that this average has been relatively stable. In recent years, the number of major earthquakes per year has decreased, although this is thought likely to be a statistical fluctuation rather than a systematic trend. More detailed statistics on the size and frequency of earthquakes is available from the USGS.

Most of the world's earthquakes (90%, and 81% of the largest) take place in the 40,000-km-long, horseshoe-shaped zone called the circum-Pacific seismic belt, known as the Pacific Ring of Fire, which for the most part bounds the Pacific Plate. Massive earthquakes tend to occur along other plate boundaries, too, such as along the Himalayan Mountains.

With the rapid growth of mega-cities such as Mexico City, Tokyo and Tehran, in areas of high seismic risk, some seismologists are warning that a single quake may claim the lives of up to 3 million people.

Induced seismicity

While most earthquakes are caused by movement of the Earth's tectonic plates, human activity can also produce earthquakes. Four main activities contribute to this phenomenon: constructing large dams and buildings, drilling and injecting liquid into wells, and by coal mining and oil drilling. Perhaps the best known example is the 2008 Sichuan earthquake in China's Sichuan Province in May; this tremor resulted in 69,227 fatalities and is the 19th deadliest earthquake of all time. The Zipingpu Dam is believed to have fluctuated the pressure of the fault away; this pressure probably increased the power of the earthquake and accelerated the rate of movement for the fault. The greatest earthquake in Australia's history was also induced by humanity, through coal mining. The city of Newcastle was built over a large sector of coal mining areas. The earthquake was spawned from a fault which reactivated due to the millions of tonnes of rock removed in the mining process.

Measuring and locating earthquakes

Earthquakes can be recorded by seismometers up to great distances, because seismic waves travel through the whole Earth's interior. The absolute magnitude of a quake is conventionally reported by numbers on the Moment magnitude scale (formerly Richter scale, magnitude 7 causing serious damage over large areas), whereas the felt magnitude is reported using the modified Mercalli intensity scale (intensity II-XII).

Every tremor produces different types of seismic waves which travel through rock with different velocities: the longitudinal P-waves (shock- or pressure waves), the transverse S-waves (both body waves) and several surface waves (Rayleigh and Love waves). The propagation velocity of the seismic waves ranges from approx. 3 km/s up to 13 km/s, depending on the density and elasticity of the medium. In the Earth's interior the shock- or P waves travel much faster than the S waves (approx. relation 1.7 : 1). The differences in travel time from the epicentre to the observatory are a measure of the distance and can be used to image both sources of quakes and structures within the Earth. Also the depth of the hypocenter can be computed roughly.

In solid rock P-waves travel at about 6 to 7 km per second; the velocity increases within the deep mantle to ~13 km/s. The velocity of S-waves ranges from 2–3 km/s in light sediments and 4–5 km/s in the Earth's crust up to 7 km/s in the deep mantle. As a consequence, the first waves of a distant earth quake arrive at an observatory via the Earth's mantle.

Rule of thumb: On the average, the kilometer distance to the earthquake is the number of seconds between the P and S wave times 8. Slight deviations are caused by inhomogeneities of subsurface structure. By such analyses of seismograms the Earth's core was located in 1913 by Beno Gutenberg.

Earthquakes are not only categorized by their magnitude but also by the place where they occur. The world is divided into 754 Flinn-Engdahl regions (F-E regions), which are based on political and geographical boundaries as well as seismic activity. More active zones are divided into smaller F-E regions whereas less active zones belong to larger F-E regions.

Effects/impacts of earthquakes

in ruins and in flames after the 1755 Lisbon earthquake, which killed an estimated 60,000 people. A tsunami overwhelms the ships in the harbor.]]

The effects of earthquakes include, but are not limited to, the following:

Shaking and ground rupture

Shaking and ground rupture are the main effects created by earthquakes, principally resulting in more or less severe damage to buildings and other rigid structures. The severity of the local effects depends on the complex combination of the earthquake magnitude, the distance from the epicenter, and the local geological and geomorphological conditions, which may amplify or reduce wave propagation. The ground-shaking is measured by ground acceleration.

Specific local geological, geomorphological, and geostructural features can induce high levels of shaking on the ground surface even from low-intensity earthquakes. This effect is called site or local amplification. It is principally due to the transfer of the seismic motion from hard deep soils to soft superficial soils and to effects of seismic energy focalization owing to typical geometrical setting of the deposits.

Ground rupture is a visible breaking and displacement of the Earth's surface along the trace of the fault, which may be of the order of several metres in the case of major earthquakes. Ground rupture is a major risk for large engineering structures such as dams, bridges and nuclear power stations and requires careful mapping of existing faults to identify any likely to break the ground surface within the life of the structure.

Landslides and avalanches

Earthquakes, along with severe storms, volcanic activity, coastal wave attack, and wildfires, can produce slope instability leading to landslides, a major geological hazard. Landslide danger may persist while emergency personnel are attempting rescue.

Fires

Earthquakes can cause fires by damaging electrical power or gas lines. In the event of water mains rupturing and a loss of pressure, it may also become difficult to stop the spread of a fire once it has started. For example, more deaths in the 1906 San Francisco earthquake were caused by fire than by the earthquake itself.

Soil liquefaction

Soil liquefaction occurs when, because of the shaking, water-saturated granular material (such as sand) temporarily loses its strength and transforms from a solid to a liquid. Soil liquefaction may cause rigid structures, like buildings and bridges, to tilt or sink into the liquefied deposits. This can be a devastating effect of earthquakes. For example, in the 1964 Alaska earthquake, soil liquefaction caused many buildings to sink into the ground, eventually collapsing upon themselves.

Tsunami

Tsunamis are long-wavelength, long-period sea waves produced by the sudden or abrupt movement of large volumes of water. In the open ocean the distance between wave crests can surpass 100 kilometers (62 miles), and the wave periods can vary from five minutes to one hour. Such tsunamis travel 600-800 kilometers per hour (373–497 miles per hour), depending on water depth. Large waves produced by an earthquake or a submarine landslide can overrun nearby coastal areas in a matter of minutes. Tsunamis can also travel thousands of kilometers across open ocean and wreak destruction on far shores hours after the earthquake that generated them.

Ordinarily, subduction earthquakes under magnitude 7.5 on the Richter scale do not cause tsunamis, although some instances of this have been recorded. Most destructive tsunamis are caused by earthquakes of magnitude 7.5 or more. Floods occur usually when the volume of water within a body of water, such as a river or lake, exceeds the total capacity of the formation, and as a result some of the water flows or sits outside of the normal perimeter of the body. However, floods may be secondary effects of earthquakes, if dams are damaged. Earthquakes may cause landslips to dam rivers, which then collapse and cause floods.

The terrain below the Sarez Lake in Tajikistan is in danger of catastrophic flood if the landslide dam formed by the earthquake, known as the Usoi Dam, were to fail during a future earthquake. Impact projections suggest the flood could affect roughly 5 million people.

Tidal forces

Research work has shown a robust correlation between small tidally induced forces and non-volcanic tremor activity.

Human impacts

Earthquakes may lead to disease, lack of basic necessities, loss of life, higher insurance premiums, general property damage, road and bridge damage, and collapse or destabilization (potentially leading to future collapse) of buildings. Earthquakes can also precede volcanic eruptions, which cause further problems; for example, substantial crop damage, as in the "Year Without a Summer" (1816).

Major earthquakes

The largest earthquake that has been measured on a seismograph reached 9.5 magnitude, occurring on 22 May 1960. The ten largest recorded earthquakes have all been megathrust earthquakes; however, of these ten, only the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake is simultaneously one of the deadliest earthquakes in history.

The earthquakes with the greatest amount of loss of life, while powerful, were deadly because of their proximity to either heavily populated areas or the ocean, where earthquakes can potentially create tsunamis which can devastate communities thousands of miles away. Regions that are most at risk for great loss of life include those where earthquakes are relatively rare but powerful, and poor regions with lax, unenforced, or nonexistent seismic building codes.

Preparation

In order to determine the likelihood of future seismic activity, geologists and other scientists examine the rock of an area to determine if the rock appears to be "strained". Studying the faults of an area to study the buildup time it takes for the fault to build up stress sufficient for an earthquake also serves as an effective prediction technique. Measurements of the amount of accumulated strain energy on the fault each year, time passed since the last major temblor, and the energy and power of the last earthquake are made. many structures were designed without adequate detailing and reinforcement for seismic protection. In view of the imminent problem, various research work has been carried out. Furthermore, state-of-the-art technical guidelines for seismic assessment, retrofit and rehabilitation have been published around the world - such as the ASCE-SEI 41 and the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering (NZSEE)'s guidelines.

History

Pre-Middle Ages

From the lifetime of the Greek philosopher Anaxagoras in the 5th century BCE to the 14th century CE, earthquakes were usually attributed to "air (vapors) in the cavities of the Earth". Thales of Miletus, who lived from 625-547 (BCE) was the only documented person who believed that earthquakes were caused by tension between the earth and water.

In Greek mythology, Poseidon was the cause and god of earthquakes. When he was in a bad mood, he would strike the ground with a trident, causing this and other calamities. He also used earthquakes to punish and inflict fear upon people as revenge.

In Japanese mythology, Namazu (鯰) is a giant catfish who causes earthquakes. Namazu lives in the mud beneath the earth, and is guarded by the god Kashima who restrains the fish with a stone. When Kashima lets his guard fall, Namazu thrashes about, causing violent earthquakes.

Popular culture

In modern popular culture, the portrayal of earthquakes is shaped by the memory of great cities laid waste, such as Kobe in 1995 or San Francisco in 1906. Fictional earthquakes tend to strike suddenly and without warning. In Pleasure Boating in Lituya Bay, one of the stories in Jim Shepard's Like You'd Understand, Anyway, the "Big One" leads to an even more devastating tsunami.

In the film 2012 (2009), solar flares (geologically implausibly) affecting the Earth's core caused massive destabilization of the Earth's crust layers. This created destruction planet-wide with earthquakes and tsunamis, foreseen by the Mayan culture and myth surrounding the last year noted in the Mesoamerican calendar - 2012.

Contemporary depictions of earthquakes in film are variable in the manner in which they reflect human psychological reactions to the actual trauma that can be caused to directly afflicted families and their loved ones. Disaster mental health response research emphasizes the need to be aware of the different roles of loss of family and key community members, loss of home and familiar surroundings, loss of essential supplies and services to maintain survival. Particularly for children, the clear availability of caregiving adults who are able to protect, nourish, and clothe them in the aftermath of the earthquake, and to help them make sense of what has befallen them has been shown to be even more important to their emotional and physical health than the simple giving of provisions. As was observed after other disasters involving destruction and loss of life and their media depictions, such as those of the 2001 World Trade Center Attacks or Hurricane Katrina—and has been recently observed in the 2010 Haiti Earthquake, it is also important not to pathologize the reactions to loss and displacement or disruption of governmental administration and services, but rather to validate these reactions, to support constructive problem-solving and reflection as to how one might improve the conditions of those affected.

Notes

General references

External links

Educational

How to survive an earthquake - Guide for children and youth

Earthquakes">Earthquakes—an educational booklet by Kaye M. Shedlock & Louis C. Pakiser

The Severity of an Earthquake

USGS Earthquake FAQs

IRIS Seismic Monitor - maps all earthquakes in the past five years.

Latest Earthquakes in the World - maps all earthquakes in the past week.

Earthquake Information from the Deep Ocean Exploration Institute, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution

Geo.Mtu.Edu—How to locate an earthquake's epicenter

Photos/images of historic earthquakes

earthquakecountry.info Answers to FAQs about Earthquakes and Earthquake Preparedness

Interactive guide: Earthquakes - an educational presentation by Guardian Unlimited

Geowall—an educational 3D presentation system for looking at and understanding earthquake data

Virtual Earthquake - educational site explaining how epicenters are located and magnitude is determined

CBC Digital Archives—Canada's Earthquakes and Tsunamis

Earthquakes Educational Resources - dmoz

USGS: Earthquakes for Kids

Seismological data centers

Putting Down Roots in Earthquake Country An Earthquake Science and Preparedness Handbook produced by SCEC

Recent earthquakes in California and Nevada

Seismograms for recent earthquakes via REV, the Rapid Earthquake Viewer

Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology (IRIS), earthquake database and software

IRIS Seismic Monitor - world map of recent earthquakes

SeismoArchives - seismogram archives of significant earthquakes of the world

Seismic scales

The European Macroseismic Scale

Scientific information

Miscellaneous

Reports on China Sichuan earthquake 12/05/2008

Kashmir Relief & Development Foundation (KRDF)

PBS NewsHour - Predicting Earthquakes

USGS–Largest earthquakes in the world since 1900

The Destruction of Earthquakes - a list of the worst earthquakes ever recorded

Los Angeles Earthquakes plotted on a Google map

the EM-DAT International Disaster Database

Earthquake Newspaper Articles Archive

Earth-quake.org

PetQuake.org- official PETSAAF system which relies on strange or atypical animal behavior to predict earthquakes.

A series of earthquakes in southern Italy - 23 November 1980, Gesualdo

Recent Quakes WorldWide

Real-time earthquakes on Google Map, Australia and rest of the world

Earthquake Information - detailed statistics and integrated with Google Maps and Google Earth

Kharita - INGV portal for Digital Cartography - Last earthquakes recorded by INGV Italian Network (with Google Maps)

Kharita - INGV portal for Digital Cartography - Italian Seismicity by region 1981-2006 (with Google Maps)

Earthquakes In The Last Week

">Interactive world map, showing recent earthquakes (day/week/month)–Quake-Catcher Network, BOINC

Category:Seismology Category:Geological hazards Category:Earthquake engineering

This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.

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Loma Prieta Earthquake Live - KXTV News 10

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Duration: 4:45
Published: 2007-10-17
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On Oct., 17, 1989, News 10 at 5:00 was live on the air as the Loma Prieta Earthquake struck the Bay Area. This is the first 15 minutes of their coverage (edited). Though the epicenter was 80 miles away, the quake was felt strongly in the Sacramento area. Because the World Series game was taking place at Candlestick Park in San Francisco, News 10 had many crews in the Bay Area and was able to respond quickly.

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California Earthquake Los Angeles Earthquake News VIDEO

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Duration: 2:26
Published: 2010-03-17
Uploaded: 2010-10-02
Author: taiwoLydiaglaz

ABC7 / KABC-TV brings you breaking news, headlines, stories, video and resources on earthquakes in Los Angeles, Orange County, Ventura County, . Mar 16, 2010 . California Earthquake | Los Angeles Earthquake News(VIDEO). Video Links: www. stream-online.info earthquake, earthquake california, . Mar 16, 2010 . California Earthquake | Earthquake Los Angeles Video | LA Earthquake News ?. California Earthquake | Los Angeles Earthquake News(VIDEO) . Mar 16, 2010 . Earthquake Los Angeles | LA Earthquake | California Earthquake News Video Links: From: hotnewsupdateable Views: 0 0 . Social comments for "California Earthquake | Earthquake Los Angeles Video | LA Earthquake News | Art 188 News" See what people are saying on blogs, Twitter, . Get complete coverage of Los Angeles news, sports, weather, traffic, celebrity, . An earthquake east of downtown Los Angeles rippled across Southern California before dawn Tuesday . New Video: Michelle Duggar Checks in on Baby Josie . Mar 16, 2010 . VIDEO: Family friends report that Tiger Woods' wife has a sticking point with his . California Earthquake Wakes Up Los Angeles . Videos Search Results - california earthquake today Video : More - code red,ncaa bracket blank,njn,njn news,earthquake los angeles,ncaa . . Earthquake Prediction California, San Francisco, Los Angeles, recent, earthquake , San Diego, Eureka, Sacramento and Alaska.

ONE News: Earthquake Epicentre

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Published: 2010-09-06
Uploaded: 2011-02-02
Author: TVNewZealand

ONE News reporter, Jendy Harper reports from the epicenter of the earthquake that rocked Christchurch, 30 Kilometers west of Christchurch in Darfield. For more news head to: tvnz.co.nz

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Published: 2008-03-07
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Random clips from the news during the January 1994 Northridge, California earthquake.

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Published: 2011-01-29
Uploaded: 2011-02-01
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Three news stories shot, written, and edited by journalist Courtney Fischer, three weeks after the Jan. 12, 2010 earthquake destroyed Port Au Prince. Downtown Devestation Mass Burial Hospital Report

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Published: 2011-01-27
Uploaded: 2011-01-29
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Iran Earthquake January 27 2011 - Iranian TV News Iran was hit by multiple earthquakes.

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Published: 2010-09-06
Uploaded: 2011-01-12
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ONE News Health reporter, Lorelei Mason with a remarkable weekend of births at Christchurch hospital in the 24 hours following the earthquake which rocked the region. For more news head to: tvnz.co.nz

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Published: 2010-06-23
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Published: 2010-06-20
Uploaded: 2011-01-25
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The Harsh effects of the weather recently. All articles used below. Nasa warns solar flares from 'huge space storm' will cause devastation www.telegraph.co.uk Quake Hits Near India www1.voanews.com Strong earthquake shakes northern Japan news.yahoo.com Waiting for Anti-Christ: The Maitreyea Cometh www.raidersnewsnetwork.com 1.3 million flee as China flooding kills 155 news.yahoo.com Arkansas floods: dozens killed in campground 'tsunami www.telegraph.co.uk Study: Shrinking glaciers to spark food shortages news.yahoo.com Climate already helping disease spread north: study www.reuters.com Second flood wave inundates houses in Poland news.yahoo.com As the Sun Awakens, NASA Keeps a Wary Eye on Space Weather science.nasa.gov Earthquake swarms continue in Southern California latimesblogs.latimes.com Drought leaves Cuban reservoirs at 40 pct capacity news.yahoo.com 8 aftershocks jolt Tibetan area of China www.upi.com Hundreds Flee Andean Volcano Eruption www.theepochtimes.com Millions face hunger in arid belt of Africa www.google.com Magnitude 6.2 earthquake rattles Papua New Guinea news.yahoo.com Powerful Cyclone Phet barrels toward Oman www.reuters.com Flooding displaces 47500 Filipinos www.upi.com West Poised for Worst Grasshopper Outbreak in 30 Years news.yahoo.com West Poised for Worst Grasshopper Outbreak in 30 Years news.yahoo.com Ohio tornado survivors finding hope amid rubble news.yahoo.com 30 percent of Florida crops damaged by freeze; 22 sinkholes open after fields ...

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Published: 2010-01-19
Uploaded: 2011-01-31
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Jan 18 2010 CA is looking at up to 20 inches of rain in a very short period of time. Massive rain + strange animal behavior are indicators that a MAJOR earthquake MAY happen very soon. Look for more lost & found animal newspaper ads, any new wild animals in town or even more road kill than normal. These MAY be signs of a MAJOR quake! Be very alert and prepare TODAY! Have food & water on hand. That is my only motive for telling you this. I am NOT selling anything. Being prepared is just plain smart !!! Do NOT be caught with no food or water because the aid can not get to you because of armed looters such as in Haiti right now. And we all remember the looters (and worse) after Katrina (even the police were caught on tape looting there - YouTube search it) !!! You have seen what happened in Haiti and now they are going on ONE WEEK and the people still have not received any aid (basic food & water or medical supplies etc) mainly because of the lack of security. Men with weapons looting etc even cause the rescue workers to stop working after dark. Now imagine a major earthquake or any major disaster in the USA and never forget hurricane Katrina and the total lack of proper organized government relief / real assistance to this very day. Be prepared because your survival ONLY counts on YOUR preparedness and your ability to survive with NO outside aid. Asking you to prepare to save YOUR life is not fear mongering, it is simply the smart thing to do if one really cares about their ...

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Large 7.3 earthquake recorded in Vanuatu, the next day or two as Xray activity is calm with solar winds at very low levels indicate a potentual risk of a larger event is possible. Sea level readings confirm that a tsunami was generated. The Hawaii-based Pacific Tsunami Warning Center said the shallow quake generated a tsunami, but it cancelled a regional warning after the wave measured only 15 centimetres (six inches) higher than normal in Vanuatu Likely areas at risk for a large earthquake Dec 26-27 are Kermadec Islands Region, Chile and less likely but possible Easter Islands region. The area targeted is 27-32 Degrees South Latitude.

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Here is Tom Brokaw and the NBC Nightly News, on the San Francisco earthquake of Oct., 1989.

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Published: 2010-12-22
Uploaded: 2011-01-20
Author: MrGlasgowtruther

An earthquake has shaken homes across Cumbria, the US Geological Survey has confirmed. The USGS said the 3.5 magnitude tremor happened just before 11pm. It lasted up to 20 seconds, according to people in the area. The USGS said the earthquake's epicentre was 30 miles south-southwest of Carlisle and 75 miles west-southwest of Newcastle. Data from the British Geological Survey showed the location of the tremor as Coniston, Cumbria, 5.6 miles southwest of Ambleside, and with a depth of 8.9 miles. Michael St John told Sky News how items had been rocked off the tops of wardrobes at his home in Kendal, south of Carlisle news.sky.com

Earthquake breaking news

Order: Reorder
Duration: 2:02
Published: 2010-06-23
Uploaded: 2010-10-24
Author: WIVBTV

Earthquake breaking news

Eureka California Earthquake Today 01-09-2010 (BREAKING NEWS)

Order: Reorder
Duration: 4:59
Published: 2010-01-10
Uploaded: 2010-12-16
Author: mylivestreamtvonline

Eureka California Earthquake Today 01-09-2010 (BREAKING NEWS) Eureka California Earthquake Today 01-09-2010 (BREAKING NEWS)

(BULLETIN) Breaking News - 5.4 Earthquake Shakes Southern California Area

Order: Reorder
Duration: 2:26
Published: 2010-07-08
Uploaded: 2011-01-28
Author: metroresponse

METRO RESPONSE BULLETIN www.truth-ministries.com 5.4 earthquake rattles southern California LOS ANGELES — A magnitude 5.4 earthquake rattled Los Angeles, San Diego and parts of southern California on Wednesday, the United States Geological Survey said. The epicenter of the quake, which struck at 2353 GMT, was located 13 miles (22 kilometers) northwest of Borrego Springs, 58 miles (94 kilometers) northeast of San Diego, and at a depth of 11.7 kilometers (7.3 miles) USGS said on its web site. There were no immediate reports of casualties or damage. The quake struck just as people headed home from their jobs and it was felt for about 30 seconds in San Diego, Los Angeles and other parts of southern California. It was felt most in high rises. Authorities in Los Angeles, which was 158 miles (245 kilometers) away from the quake's epicenter, said the city's international airport was operating normally. The USGS lists earthquakes as "strong" from 6.0 magnitude upwards. Wednesday's quake was followed by a series of 3.0 magnitude aftershocks in the Borrego Springs area.

News anchors cry over Wenchuan Earthquake (subbed)

Order: Reorder
Duration: 4:45
Published: 2008-06-20
Uploaded: 2011-01-22
Author: frenchprojectstokes

News presenters cannot hide their grief while reporting on the devastating Wenchuan Earthquake, which claimed 70000 lives. "Child, quick, take mom's hand" --An online poem dedicated to all the children who died in the Wenchuan Earthquake Child, quick, take mom's hand The road to heaven is too dark Mom's afraid you'll bump your head Quick, take mom's hand, let mom go with you Mom's afraid the road to heaven is too dark, I can't see your hand Ever since the fallen wall took away the sunlight I can never again see your gentle gaze. Go, child. The road ahead has no sadness You must remember what dad and I look like We'll walk together in the next life Mom, don't worry The road to heaven is crowded There are many classmates and friends We say, don't cry Every mom is our mom Every child is mom's child In the days without me, give your love to the living children Mom, don't cry Tears won't light up our road Let us go by ourselves Mom, I will remember what you and dad look like I will remember our promise We'll walk together in the next life

Belfast Earthquake

Order: Reorder
Duration: 2:45
Published: 2007-05-26
Uploaded: 2011-01-25
Author: ballbeg

News coverage from the aftermath of the Belfast earthquake. Funny "Abusive comments, messages relating to chain letters and spam will be deleted from video comments"

USGS: Chile Earthquake 'Alarming'

Order: Reorder
Duration: 3:42
Published: 2010-02-27
Uploaded: 2010-12-11
Author: CBSNewsOnline

Jessica Sigala, from the USGS tells CBS News Chile's earthquake was far more powerful than the one in Haiti and has sent strong waves prompting tsunami warnings in the Pacific.

Haiti Earthquake, Aftermath, Violence | 16 Jan 2010 - ABC News

Order: Reorder
Duration: 9:55
Published: 2010-01-16
Uploaded: 2011-01-25
Author: NewsAustralia

7:00 PM AEDT - Aftermath, Violence Looters carrying machetes have brought more terror to Haitians, who are in desperate need for food and water supplies amid the stench of dead bodies left rotting in the tropical sun. Wednesday's devastating earthquake all but ruined the capital Port-au-Prince, home to four million people, and US troops have poured in to deliver aid. As hope of finding life amid the rubble in Haiti fades, the security situation is deteriorating and United States authorities are preparing for the possibility of rioting. The death toll from the massive earthquake in the capital Port-au-Prince could reach 200000, Interior Minister Paul Antoine Bien-Aime says. Australian Broadcasting Corporation

Frogs by the Millions Flood Greece, Precursor To a Major Earthquake? Breaking News!!!

Order: Reorder
Duration: 4:17
Published: 2010-05-28
Uploaded: 2011-01-19
Author: clk211bu

Millions of Frogs Flood Greece, Precursor To a Major Earthquake?Breaking News!!! Athens, Greece, Traffic was paralyzed along a highway in northern Greece for several hours Wednesday after millions of frogs suddenly jumped onto the road, startling drivers. Eye witness's say: "There was a carpet of frogs." Drivers , said the frogs appeared out of nowhere, causing a handful of traffic accidents and paralyzing traffic. Traffic police spent nearly two hours trying to clear the frogs from the highway. May 26, 2010, British scientists, however, have a theory that frogs often "predicted" earthquakes by their actions. In fact, a 6.3 magnitude earthquake which occurred in Italy on April 6,2009, killing over 300 people, and leaving over 40000 homeless, was foretold by the actions of nearby frogs for five days prior to the quake. Over 96% of the male frogs in the area began to gather up, and hundreds of frogs fled together, just days before the quake hit. Another incident in 2008, in which a major earthquake hit China, was also predicted by a mass migration of frogs. On May 5th, 2008 there was a huge migration of frogs, which left the citizens of central China with a bad feeling. They insisted that it was a bad omen, but the government told them the frog's migration was normal. On May 12, an earthquake hit central China killing 12000 people. A few seismologists are stating that their analysis shows a major earthquake could occur in Greece or Turkey within the next 24 hours. What is ...

Meaning of Earthquakes? End of the World?

Order: Reorder
Duration: 7:24
Published: 2010-02-28
Uploaded: 2011-01-30
Author: firecharger

The world's strongest earthquakes news.yahoo.com Oklahoma 4.4 Earthquake www.wlwt.com Hal Lindsey - Earthquake video (entire video) www.youtube.com

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photo: AP / Kyodo News

A resident looks at a road damaged by a powerful earthquake in Oshu, in Iwate prefecture (state), Saturday, June 14, 2008.

photo: AP / Xinhua, Qin Qing

In this photo released by China's Xinhua News Agency, a local resident clears the debris of his house following a strong earthquake in Ning'er in southwest China's Yunnan Province Sunday, June 3, 2007.

photo: AP / Chen Xie

In this photo released by China's Xinhua News Agency, relief soldiers carry out the wounded in the earthquake-affected Beichuan County, southwest China's Sichuan Province, Tuesday, May 13, 2008.

photo: AP / Pier Paolo Cito

A woman talks on a cellphone as she stands by a damaged house in the city of L'Aquila, after a strong earthquake rocked central Italy, early Monday, April 6, 2009. A powerful earthquake struck central Italy early Monday, killing at least 20 people, collapsing buildings and leaving thousands of people homeless, officials and news reports said.

photo: AP Photo / Xinhua, Han Chuanhao

China earthquake

photo: AP / Xinhua, Jiang Yi

China Earthquake

photo: AP / Xinhua Liu Hai

In this photo released by China's Xinhua News Agency, cars are buried in the debris of collapsed buildings after a powerful earthquake in Dujiangyan, southwest China's Sichuan Province, Monday May 12, 2008. State media reports that the death toll from a powerful earthquake in central China has climbed to nearly 10,000 in the worst-hit province.

photo: AP / Xinhua, Wang Yebiao

In this photo distributed by the official Chinese news agency, Xinhua, villagers living downstream of a swelling earthquake-induced Tangjiashan lake evacuate from Taibai Village

photo: AP

A woman reacts to news of a relative's death following a landslide caused by an earthquake in Kurihara, Japan, Saturday, June 14, 2008. A magnitude 7.2 earthquake ripped across the mountains and rice fields of northern Japan on Saturday, killing at least six people as it sheared off hillsides, jolted buildings and shook nuclear power plants. At least eight people were missing.

photo: AP / CCTV

In this image made from CCTV news program footage, rescue workers are shown at the site of a collapsed building after an earthquake in Yushu county in western China's Qinghai province on Wednesday, April 14, 2010.

photo: AP / Xinhua, Jiang Yi

In this photo distributed by the official Chinese news agency Xinhua, a street in Chengdu, capital of the Sichuan province in southwest China, is covered by water after a water pipe blew out during an earthquake on Monday May 12, 2008.

photo: AP / Xinhua, Chen Xie

In this photo distributed by the official Chinese news agency Xinhua, residents talk about the just happened earthquake near the debris of collapsed buildings in Dujiangyan, in southwest China's Sichuan province, on Monday May 12, 2008

photo: AP / Xinhua News Agency, Chen Hainin

In this photo released by China's Xinhua News Agency, residents gather around a bonfire as they evacuate following an earthquake in Yinlu Village, Datian Town, Renhe District of Panzhihua City, southwest China's Sichuan Province, Sunday, Aug. 31, 2008. Rescue teams headed to China's southwestern Sichuan province after a 6.1-magnitude earthquake killed 22 people and injured hundreds, local authorities said Sund

photo: AP Photo/Kyodo News

Saturday, June 14, 2008. The 7.0-magnitude earthquake rocked rural areas of northern Japan on Saturday,

photo: AP / Alan Diaz

Edeline B. Clermont weeps in the "Little Haiti" area of Miami on Tuesday, Jan. 12, 2010 as she talks to her sister in Boston after both were unable to contact relatives in Haiti after hearing news about the earth the 7.0 magnitude earthquake that shook the island.

photo: AP / Xinhua, Chen Kai

In this Wednesday May 14, 2008, photo distributed by the official Chinese news agency Xinhua, shown is an aerial view of the badly stricken town of Yingxiu in Wenchuan County of southwest China's Sichuan province, two days after a massive earthquake.

photo: AP / Pier Paolo Cito

Firefighters remove debris in the city of L'Aquila, after a strong earthquake rocked central Italy, early Monday, April 6, 2009.

photo: AP Photo / Xinhua, Chen Xie

China Earthquake

photo: AP / Wang Jianmin

China floods from a river blocked by landslides - Chinese earthquake - pjb1

photo: AP / Pier Paolo Cito

Firefighters carry a woman out of a crumbled home in the city of L'Aquila, after a strong earthquake rocked central Italy, early Monday, April 6, 2009

photo: AP / Xinhua, Jiang Hongjing

In this photo released by the official Chinese news agency Xinhua, a man cries on the debris in Hongguang village in Qingchuan County, southwest China's Sichuan province, on Thursday May 15, 2008. Three of his family members are still missing three days after the massive earthquake, Xinhua said.

photo: AP / Pier Paolo Cito

Two men hug each other as people and volunteers stand amidst debris in the city of L'Aquila, after a strong earthquake rocked central Italy early Monday, April 6, 2009.

photo: AP / Xinhua, Ding Haita

In this photo released by China's Xinhua News Agency, workers tear down the partly damaged houses in quake-devastated Qingchuan of southwest China's Sichuan Province Wednesday, May 21, 2008. Workers started to dismantle the first batch of 64 houses that are seriously damaged in the earthquake in Qingchuan on Wednesd

photo: AP / Pier Paolo Cito

Giulio Colangeli is carried away by rescuers as his father Antonello, center, grey hair, reacts, in the city of L'Aquila, after a strong earthquake rocked central Italy, early Monday, April 6, 2009.

photo: AP / Xinhua, Chen Xie

China Earthquake

photo: AP / Xinhua, Jiang Hongjing

In this photo released by China's Xinhua news agency, rescuers carry survivor Jiang Yuhang after pulling him out of a building collapsed following Monday's earthquake at Yingxiu Township of Wenchuan County, southwest China's Sichuan Province, Saturday, May 17, 2008. Jiang was pulled free shortly after his mother arrived from a neighboring province.

photo: (AP Photo / Kyodo News)

Rescuers work at a site of the landslide caused by a powerful earthquake in Oshu, in Iwate prefecture (state), northern Japan, Saturday, June 14, 2008. The 7.0-magnitude earthquake rocked rural areas of northern Japan on Saturday, killing at least two people, triggering landslides and reportedly knocking down a bridge.

photo: AP / Wang Jianhua

China earthquake - Helicopter -China - pjb1

photo: AP / Pier Paolo Cito

Italian Premier Silvio Berlusconi, center, heads a Cabinet meeting symbolically taking place in L'Aquila, central Italy, Thursday, April 23, 2009, two weeks after a devastating earthquake struck central regions of the country. News reports say the government will approve an €8.5 billion ($11 billion) plan financed through pre-existing Italian and EU funds as well as lotteries and betting games.