1944

Year 1944 (MCMXLIV) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. Many of the events that happened in the year were related to World War II.

Events of 1944

:: (Below, events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix.)

January

during Operation Shingle, late January 1944.]]

January 4 – WWII: The Battle of Monte Cassino begins.

January 5 – The Daily Mail becomes the first transoceanic newspaper.

January 8 – WWII: Philippine Commonwealth troops enter the province of Ilocos Sur in Northern Luzon and attack Japanese forces.

January 11, US President Franklin Delano Roosevelt proposes a Second Bill of Rights for social and economic security in his State of the Union address

January 14 – WWII: Soviet troops start the offensive at Leningrad and Novgorod.

January 15

WWII: The 27th Polish Home Army Infantry Division is re-created, marking the start of Operation Tempest by the Polish Home Army.

An earthquake hits San Juan, Argentina, killing an estimated 10,000 people in the worst natural disaster in Argentina's history.

January 17 – WWII:

*British forces in Italy cross the Garigliano River.

*Meat rationing ends in Australia.

*The Soviet Union ceases production of the Mosin-Nagant 1891/30 sniper rifle.

January 20 – WWII:

*The Royal Air Force drops 2,300 tons of bombs on Berlin.

*The U.S. Army 36th Infantry Division, in Italy, attempts to cross the Rapido River.

January 22 – WWII – Operation Shingle: The Allies begin the assault on Anzio, Italy. The U.S. Army 45th Infantry Division stands their ground at Anzio against violent assaults for 4 months.

January 27 – WWII: The 2-year Siege of Leningrad is lifted.

January 29 – WWII: The Battle of Cisterna takes place.

January 30 – WWII: United States troops invade Majuro, Marshall Islands.

January 31 – WWII: American forces land on Kwajalein Atoll and other islands in the Japanese-held Marshall Islands.

February

in ruins after being destroyed by Alied bombing, February 1944.]]

February 1 – WWII: United States troops land in the Marshall Islands.

February 2 – The first issue of Human Events is published.

February 3 – WWII: United States troops capture the Marshall Islands.

February 7 – WWII: In Anzio, Italian forces launch a counteroffensive.

February 8 – WWII: The British claim Hong Kong, there "Force to be reckoned with..."

February 14 – WWII:

*SHAEF headquarters is established in Britain by General Dwight D. Eisenhower.

*An anti-Japanese revolt breaks out on Java.

February 15 – WWII – Battle of Monte Cassino: The monastery atop Monte Cassino is destroyed by Allied bombing.

February 17 – WWII: The Battle of Eniwetok Atoll begins; it ends in an American victory on February 22.

February 20 – WWII:

*The "Big Week" begins with American bomber raids on German aircraft manufacturing centers.

*The United States takes Eniwetok Island.

22 February – United States Strategic Air Forces in Europe organized from the Eighth Air Force's strategic planning staff; subsuming strategic planning for all US Army Air Forces in Europe and Africa.

February 23 – WWII: The Chechens and Ingush are forcibly deported to Central Asia.

February 26 – Shooting begins on the Nazi propaganda film, "The Fuehrer Gives a Village to the Jews" in Theresienstadt.

February 29 – WWII – Battle of Los Negros and Operation Brewer: The Admiralty Islands are invaded by U.S. forces.

March

.]]

March – WWII: The Japanese launch an offensive in central and south China.

March – Austrian-born economist Friedrich Hayek publishes his book The Road to Serfdom (in London).

March 1 – WWII:

*The USS Tarawa and USS Kearsarge are laid down.

*An anti-fascist strike begins in northern Italy.

March 2 – WWII: A train stalls inside a railway tunnel outside Salerno, Italy; 521 choke to death.

March 2 – The 16th Academy Awards ceremony is held.

March 3 – WWII: The Order of Nakhimov and the Order of Ushakov are instituted in the USSR.

March 4 – In Ossining, New York, Louis Buchalter, the leader of 1930s crime syndicate Murder, Inc., is executed at Sing Sing, along with Emanuel "Mendy" Weiss, and Louis Capone.

March 6 – WWII: Soviet Army planes attack Narva, Estonia, destroying almost the entire old town.

March 9 – WWII: Soviet Army planes attack Tallinn, Estonia.

March 10 – WWII: In Britain the Education Act lifts the ban on women teachers marrying.

March 12 – WWII: The Political Committee of National Liberation is created in Greece.

March 15 – WWII:

*Battle of Monte Cassino: Allied aircraft bomb German-held monastery and stage an assault.

*The National Council of the French Resistance approves the Resistance programme.

March 17 – WWII: The Nazis execute almost 400 prisoners, Soviet citizens and anti-fascist Romanians at Rîbniţa.

March 19 – WWII: German forces Operation occupy Hungary.

March 18 – The eruption of Mount Vesuvius in Italy kills 26 and causes thousands to flee their homes.

March 20 – WWII: RAF Flight Sergeant Nicholas Alkemade's bomber is hit over Germany, and he has to bail out without a parachute from a height of over 4,000 meters. Tree branches interrupt his fall and he lands safely on deep snow.

March 23 – WWII: Members of the Italian Resistance attack Nazis marching in Via Rasella, killing 33.

March 24 – WWII:

*Fosse Ardeatine massacre: 335 Italians are killed, including 75 Jews and over 200 members of the Italian Resistance from various groups, in Rome.

*In the Polish village of Markowa, German police kill Józef and Wiktoria Ulm, their 6 children and 8 Jews they were hiding.

April

April 5 – Rudolf Vrba and Alfred Wetzler escape from Auschwitz-Birkenhau.

April 25 – WWII: The United Negro College Fund is incorporated.

April 28 – WWII: 749 American troops are killed in Exercise Tiger at Start Bay, Devon, England.

May

, 1 May 1944.]]

May – No Exit: published by Jean-Paul Sartre.

May 5 – WWII: Mohandas Gandhi is released in India.

May 9 – WWII: In the Ukrainian city of Sevastopol, Soviet troops completely drive out German forces, who had been ordered by Hitler to “fight to the last man.”

May 12 – WWII: Soviet troops finalize the liberation of the Crimea.

May 18 – WWII:

*Battle of Monte Cassino: The Germans evacuate Monte Cassino and Allied forces take the stronghold after a struggle that claimed 20,000 lives.

*The Crimean Tatars are deported by the Soviet Union.

May 24 – WWII: Six LSTs are accidentally destroyed and 163 men killed in Pearl Harbor's West Loch Disaster.

May 30 – Princess Charlotte Louise Juliette Louvet Grimaldi of Monaco, heir to the throne, resigns from her rights in favor of her son Prince Rainier Louis Henri Maxence Bertrand Grimaldi, later reigning Prince Rainier III of Monaco.

May 31 – WWII: Destroyer escort England sinks the 6th Japanese submarine in two weeks. This anti-submarine warfare performance remained unmatched through the twentieth century.

June

.]] s heading for shore on 15 June 1944 during the Battle of Saipan.]]

June – German V-2 rockets on test from Peenemünde become the first man-made objects to enter space.

June 1 – WWII: The BBC transmits a coded message (the first line of the poem "Chanson d'automne" by Paul Verlaine) to underground resistance fighters in France, warning that the invasion of Europe is imminent.

June 2 – WWII: The provisional French government is established.

June 4 – WWII:

*A hunter-killer group of the United States Navy captures the German submarine U-505, marking the first time a U.S. Navy vessel has captured an enemy vessel at sea since the 19th century.

*Rome falls to the Allies, the first Axis capital to fall.

June 5 – WWII:

*More than 1,000 British bombers drop 5,000 tons of bombs on German gun batteries on the Normandy coast in preparation for D-Day.

*At 10:15 p.m. local time, the BBC transmits the second line of the Paul Verlaine poem to the underground resistance, indicating that the invasion of Europe is about to begin.

*The German navy's Enigma messages are decoded almost in real time.

*US and British paratrooper divisions jump over Normandy, in preparation for D-Day. All including 82nd and 101st Airborne divisions of the United States.

June 6 – WWII – Battle of Normandy: Operation Overlord, commonly known as D-Day, commences with the landing of 155,000 Allied troops on the beaches of Normandy in France. The Allied soldiers quickly break through the Atlantic Wall and push inland, in the largest amphibious military operation in history. This operation helps liberate France from Germany, and also weakens the Nazi hold on Europe.

June 7 – WWII:

The steamer Danae () carrying 350 Cretan Jews and 250 Cretans on the first leg of their way to Auschwitz was sunk without survivors off the shore of Santorini.

* Bayeux is liberated by British troops.

June 9 – WWII: Soviet leader Stalin launches the Vyborg–Petrozavodsk Offensive against Finland, with the intent of defeating Finland before pushing for Berlin.

June 10 – WWII: 642 men, women and children are killed in the Oradour-sur-Glane Massacre in France.

June 13 – WWII: Germany launches a V1 Flying Bomb attack on England.

June 15 – WWII:

*Battle of Saipan: The United States invades Saipan.

*American forces push back the Germans in St. Lo, capturing the city.

June 17 – Iceland declares full independence from Denmark.

June 22 – WWII:

*Operation Bagration: A general attack by Soviet forces clears the German forces from Belarus, resulting in the destruction of German Army Group Centre, possibly the greatest defeat of the Wehrmacht during WWII.

*Burma Campaign: The Battle of Kohima ends in a British victory.

June 25 – WWII: The Battle of Tali-Ihantala (the largest battle ever in the Nordic countries) begins between Finnish and Soviet troops.

June 26 – WWII: American troops enter Cherbourg.

June 29 – The Holocaust – The deportation of Hungarian Jews to Auschwitz and other Nazi concentration camps begins.

July

to kill Hitler.]] in Hartford, Connecticut led to over 150 deaths.]]

July 1 – The United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference begins at Bretton Woods, New Hampshire.

July 3 – WWII:

*Soviet troops liberate Minsk.

*Battle of Imphal: Japanese forces call off their advance, ending the battle in a British victory.

July 6 – Hartford circus fire: More than 100 children die in one of the worst fire disasters in the history of the United States.

July 6 – WWII: At Camp Hood, Texas, future baseball star and 1st Lt. Jackie Robinson is arrested and later court-martialed for refusing to move to the back of a segregated U.S. Army bus. He is eventually acquitted.

July 9 – WWII: British and Canadian forces capture Caen.

July 10 – WWII: Soviet troops begin operations to occupy the Baltic countries.

July 13 – WWII: Vilnius is liberated.

July 16 – WWII: The first contingent of the Brazilian Expeditionary Force arrives in Italy.

July 17 – WWII:

*The largest convoy of the war embarks from Halifax, Nova Scotia under Royal Canadian Navy protection.

*The S.S. E.A. Bryan, loaded with ammunition, explodes at the Port Chicago naval base; 320 are killed.

July 18 – WWII: Hideki Tojo resigns as Prime Minister of Japan due to numerous setbacks in the war effort.

July 20 – WWII: Adolf Hitler survives an assassination attempt (see Claus von Stauffenberg).

July 21 – WWII:

*Battle of Guam: American troops land on Guam (the battle ends August 10).

*The Polish Committee of National Liberation is created.

July 22 – The Bretton Woods Conference ends with various agreements signed.

July 25 – WWII – Operation Spring: One of the bloodiest days for Canadians during the war results in 1,550 casualties, including 450 killed.

August

Scouts also fought in the Warsaw Uprising.]] liberated by Polish soldiers from Batalion Zośka, 5 August 1944]] , 26 August 1944.]]

August 1 – WWII: The Warsaw Uprising begins.

August 2 – WWII:

*Turkey ends diplomatic and economic relations with Germany.

*The First Assembly of ASNOM is held in the Prohor Pchinski monastery.

August 4 – The Holocaust: A tip from a Dutch informer leads the Gestapo to a sealed-off area in an Amsterdam warehouse, where they find Jewish diarist Anne Frank and her family.

August 5

The Holocaust: Polish insurgents liberate a German labor camp in Warsaw, freeing 348 Jewish prisoners.

Over 500 Japanese prisoners-of-war attempt a mass breakout from the Cowra POW Camp.

August 7 – IBM dedicates the first program-controlled calculator, the Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator (known best as the Harvard Mark I).

August 9 – The United States Forest Service and the Wartime Advertising Council release posters featuring Smokey Bear for the first time.

August 12 – WWII:

*The Allies capture Florence, Italy.

*Operation Pluto: The world's first undersea oil pipeline is laid between England and France.

August 15 – WWII: Operation Dragoon lands Allies in southern France. The U.S. Army 45th Infantry Division participates in its fourth assault landing at St. Maxime, spearheading the drive for the Belfort Gap.

August 18 – WWII: Submarine Rasher sinks Teia Maru, Eishin Maru, Teiyu Maru, and carrier from Japanese convoy HI71 in one of the most effective American wolf pack attacks of the war.

August 19 – WWII: An insurrection starts in Paris.

August 20 – WWII: American forces successfully defeat Nazi forces at Chambois, closing the Falaise Gap.

August 20 – WWII: 168 captured allied airmen, including Phil Lamason, accused of being "terror fliers" by the Gestapo, arrive at Buchenwald concentration camp.

August 22 – WWII: Tsushima Maru, a Japanese unmarked passenger/cargo ship, is sunk by torpedoes launched by the submarine USS Bowfin off Akuseki-jima, killing 1,484 civilians including 767 schoolchildren.

August 23 – WWII: Ion Antonescu, prime minister of Romania, is arrested and a new government established. Romania exits the war against Soviet Union, joining the Allies.

August 24 – WWII: The Allies liberate Paris, successfully completing Operation Overlord.

August 24 –WWII : Japanese attack the USS Harder

Massacre of 129 people (70% women and children) by the Gestapo at Maille (Indre-et-Loire)

August 25 – WWII: Hungary decides to continue the war together with Germany.

August 29 – WWII: The Slovak National Uprising against the Axis powers begins.

August 31 – The Mad Gasser of Mattoon resumes his mysterious attacks in Mattoon, Illinois.

September

in September 1944.]]

September 1 – WWII: In Bulgaria, the Bagrianov government resigns.

September 2 – The Holocaust: Diarist Anne Frank and her family are placed on the last transport train from Westerbork to Auschwitz, arriving 3 days later.

September 3 – WWII: The Allies liberate Brussels.

September 4 – WWII:

*The British 11th Armored Division liberates the city of Antwerp in Belgium.

*Finland breaks off relations with Germany.

September 5 – WWII: The Soviets declare war on Bulgaria.

September 7 – WWII: The Belgian government in exile returns to Brussels from London.

September 8 – WWII:

*London is hit by a V2 rocket for the first time.

*The French town of Menton is liberated from Germany.

September 9 – WWII: An insurrection breaks out in Sofia.

September 11 – WWII: Northern and Southern France invasion forces link up near Dijon.

September 14 – The Great Atlantic Hurricane makes landfall in the New York City area

September 15-WWII: The Battle of Peleliu begins.

September 17 – WWII: Operation Market Garden begins.

September 19 – WWII: An armistice between Finland and the Soviet Union is signed, ending the Continuation War.

September 20 – WWII: Jüri Uluots, prime minister in capacity of president of Estonia, escapes to Sweden; 2 days later, Tallinn is taken by the Red Army.

September 24 – WWII: The U.S. Army 45th Infantry Division takes the strongly defended city of Epinal before crossing the Moselle River and entering the western foothills of the Vosges.

September 26 – WWII:

*Operation Market Garden ends in an Allied withdrawal.

*On the middle front of the Gothic Line, Brazilian troops control the Serchio valley region after 10 days of fighting.

October

afire, east of Luzon, 24 October 1944.]] were founded in October 1944.]] , 20 October 1944.]]

October 2 – WWII:

*Holocaust: Nazi troops end the Warsaw Uprising.

October 5 – WWII: Royal Canadian Air Force pilots shoot down the first German jet fighter over Holland.

October 6 – WWII: The Battle of Debrecen starts on the Eastern Front (it lasts until October 29).

October 8 – The Adventures of Ozzie and Harriet radio show debuts in the United States.

October 9 – WWII: British Prime Minister Winston Churchill and Soviet Union Premier Joseph Stalin begin a 9-day conference in Moscow to discuss the future of Europe.

October 10 – The Holocaust/Porajmos: 800 Gypsy children are systematically murdered at the Auschwitz death camp.

October 12 – WWII: The Allies land in Athens.

October 13 – WWII: Riga, the capital of Latvia, is taken by the Red Army.

October 14 – WWII: German Field Marshal Erwin Rommel commits suicide rather than face execution for allegedly conspiring against Adolf Hitler.

October 18 – WWII: The Volkssturm is founded on Hitler's orders.

October 20 – WWII:

*Belgrade is liberated by Yugoslav Partisans and the Red Army.

*American forces land in Red Beach in Palo, Leyte as General Douglas MacArthur returns to the Philippines with Philippine Commonwealth president Sergio Osmeña, and Armed Forces of the Philippines Generals Basilio J. Valdes and Carlos P. Romulo.

*United States and Filipino troops with Filipino guerillas begin the Battle of Leyte.

*American forces land on the beaches in Dulag, Leyte, the Philippines, accompanied by Filipino troops entering the town, and fiercely opposed by the Japanese occupation forces.

*The combined American and Filipino soldiers was liberated in Tacloban, Leyte was fought the Japanese Imperial forces.

October 20 – LNG explosion destroys a square mile (2.6 km²) of Cleveland, Ohio.

October 21 – WWII: Aachen,the first German city to fall, is captured by American troops.

October 23 – WWII: The Naval Battle of Leyte Gulf in the Philippines begins (lasts until October 26).

October 25 – WWII: Medal of Honor winning submarine ace Richard O'Kane becomes a prisoner of war when Tang is sunk in the Formosa Strait.

October 25 – Florence Foster Jenkins gives a recital in Carnegie Hall.

October 25 – WWII: The Red Army liberates Kirkenes, the first town in Norway to be liberated.

October 30 – The Holocaust – Anne Frank and sister Margot Frank are deported from Auschwitz to the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp.

October 30 – Appalachian Spring, a ballet by Martha Graham with music by Aaron Copland, debuts at the Library of Congress in Washington, D.C., with Graham in the lead role.

October 31 – Mass murderer Marcel Petiot is apprehended in Paris Métro station.

November

November 3 – WWII: Two supreme commanders of the Slovak National Uprising, Generals Ján Golian and Rudolf Viest, are captured, tortured and later executed by German forces.

November 7 – U.S. presidential election, 1944: Franklin D. Roosevelt wins reelection over Republican challenger Thomas E. Dewey, becoming the only U.S. president elected to a fourth term.

November 7 – A passenger train derails in Aguadilla, Puerto Rico, due to excessive speed on a declining hill; 16 are killed, 50 injured.

November 10 – WWII: Ammunition ship Mount Hood disintegrated from accidental detonation of 3800 tons of cargo in the Seeadler Harbor fleet anchorage at Manus Island. Twenty-two small boats were destroyed, 36 nearby ships damaged, 432 men killed and 371 more injured.

November 22 – William Lyon Mackenzie King introduces conscription in Canada (see Conscription Crisis of 1944).

November 27 – RAF Fauld explosion: Between 3,450 and 3,930 tons (3,500 and 4,000 tonnes) of ordnance explodes at an underground storage depot in Staffordshire, England, leaving about 75 dead and a crater 120 metres (400 ft) deep and 1,200 metres (0.75 miles) across, one of the largest non-nuclear explosions in history and the largest on UK soil. November 29 – WWII: Submarine Archer-Fish sinks aircraft carrier . Shinano was the largest aircraft carrier built to that date, and remained through the twentieth century the largest ship ever sunk by a submarine.

December

.]] becomes the first Five-Star General on December 16, 1944.]]

December 3 – WWII: Fighting breaks out between Communists and royalists in newly liberated Greece, eventually leading to a full-scale Greek Civil War.

December 7 – Chicago Convention signed to create the ICAO.

December 10 – Legendary Italian conductor Arturo Toscanini leads a concert performance of the first half of Beethoven's Fidelio (minus its spoken dialogue) on NBC Radio, starring Rose Bampton. He chooses this opera for its political message – a statement against tyranny and dictatorship. Conducting it in German, Toscanini intends it as a tribute to the German people who are being oppressed by Hitler. The second half is broadcast a week later. The performance is later released on LP and CD, the first of 7 operas that Toscanini conducts on radio.

December 12–13 – WWII: British units attempt to take the hilltop town of Tossignano, but are repulsed.

December 13 – Battle of Mindoro: United States, Australian and Philippine Commonwealth troops land in Mindoro Island, the Philippines.

December 14

* The Soviet government changes Turkish place names to Russian in the Crimea.

* US release of the film National Velvet which brings a young Elizabeth Taylor to stardom.

December 15 – A private airplane carrying bandleader Glenn Miller disappears in heavy fog over the English Channel while flying to Paris.

December 16 – WWII:

*Germany begins the Ardennes offensive, later known as Battle of the Bulge.

*General George C. Marshall becomes the first Five-Star General.

December 17 – WWII: German troops carry out the Malmedy massacre.

December 19 – The entire territory of Estonia is taken by the Red Army.

December 20 – WASPs are disbanded.

December 22 – WWII: Brigadier General Anthony C. McAuliffe, commander of the U.S. forces defending Bastogne, refuses to accept demands for surrender by sending a one-word reply, "Nuts!", to the German command.

December 24 – WWII: The Bulge reaches its deepest point at Celles.

December 24 – WWII: Troopship Leopoldville is sunk in the English Channel by German submarine U-486. The ship was carrying reinforcements to the battle of the bulge and 763 soldiers of the 66th Infantry Division (United States) drown.

December 26 – WWII: American troops repulse German forces at Bastogne.

December 26 – The Glass Menagerie by Tennessee Williams premieres.

December 30 – WWII:

*Edward Stettinius Jr. becomes the last United States Secretary of State of the Roosevelt administration, filling the seat left by Cordell Hull.

*King George II of Greece declares a regency, leaving his throne vacant.

December 31 – WWII: Hungary declares war on Germany.

December 31 – WWII: Battle of Leyte: Thousands of Japanese Imperial forces are killed in action, in a significant Filipino and Allied military victory.

Undated

became the first person to successfully navigate the Northwest Passage in 1944.]]

In Sweden, the law of 1864 that criminalizes homosexuality is abolished.

Olympic Games are suspended due to World War II.

Swedish children's author Astrid Lindgren publishes her first book, Pippi Longstocking.

In Sweden, Erik Wallenberg and Ruben Rausing invent a way to package milk in paper and start the company Tetra Pak.

Hans Asperger publishes his paper on Asperger syndrome.

The National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence is established.

Canadian Arctic explorer Henry Larsen becomes the first person to successfully navigate the Northwest Passage in both directions in a schooner. He chronicles the event in his autobiography, “The Big Ship”. ().

Laurence Olivier's film Henry V, based on Shakespeare's play, opens in London. It is the most acclaimed and the most successful movie version of a Shakespeare play made up to that time, and the first in Technicolor. Olivier both stars and directs, as Kenneth Branagh was to do over forty years later in his successful remake of that film.

Ongoing

Japanese Occupation of the Philippines (1941–1945)

Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945)

Second World War (1939–1945)

Births

January

January 1

Bob Minor, American actor and stunt performer

Omar Hasan Ahmad al-Bashir, President of the Sudan

January 2 – Prince Norodom Ranariddh, Cambodian politician

January 3 – Chris von Saltza, American swimmer

January 6

Rolf M. Zinkernagel, Swiss immunologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine

Bonnie Franklin, American actress (One Day at a Time)

January 9

Ian Hornak, American painter, draughtsman and sculptor (died 2002)

Jimmy Page, English guitarist (Led Zeppelin)

January 12 – Joe Frazier, American boxer

January 17 – Françoise Hardy, French singer

January 18 – Paul Keating, 24th Prime Minister of Australia

January 19 – Shelley Fabares, American actress

January 23 – Rutger Hauer, Dutch actor

January 24 – Klaus Nomi, German singer (died 1983)

January 25 – Anita Pallenberg, Italian model and actress

January 26 – Angela Davis, American feminist and activist

January 27

Peter Akinola, Nigerian religious leader

Mairead Corrigan, Northern Irish activist, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize

Nick Mason, English rock drummer (Pink Floyd)

January 28

John Tavener, British composer

Susan Howard, American actress

January 29 – Patrick Lipton Robinson, Jamaican judge

February

February 2 – Geoffrey Hughes, British actor

February 3

Dave Davies, British rock musician (The Kinks)

Trisha Noble, Australian singer and actress

February 5 – Al Kooper, American rock musician (Blood, Sweat & Tears)

February 9 – Alice Walker, American writer

February 10 – Vernor Vinge, American writer

February 11 – Michael G. Oxley, American politician

February 12 – Moe Bandy, country music singer

February 13

Stockard Channing, American actress

Jerry Springer, English-born American television host

February 14

Carl Bernstein, American journalist

Alan Parker, English-born film director, actor, and writer

February 16 – Richard Ford, American writer

February 17 – Karl Jenkins, Welsh composer

February 20 – Willem van Hanegem, Dutch football player and coach

February 22

Jonathan Demme, American film director, producer, and writer

Tom Okker, Dutch tennis player

February 23 – Johnny Winter, American rock musician

February 27 – Ken Grimwood, American writer (d. 2003)

February 28 – Sepp Maier, German footballer

February 29 – Dennis Farina, American actor

March

March 1

John Breaux, U.S. Senator from Louisiana

Roger Daltrey, English musician (The Who)

March 2 – Uschi Glas, German actress

March 4

Harvey Postlethwaite, British engineer and race car designer (died 1999)

Bobby Womack, American singer and songwriter

March 5 – Peter Brandes, Danish artist

March 6

Kiri Te Kanawa, New Zealand soprano

Mary Wilson, American singer (The Supremes)

March 8 – Buzz Hargrove, Canadian labour leader

March 11 – Don Maclean, British comedian

March 17 – John Sebastian, American singer and songwriter (The Lovin' Spoonful)

March 19 – Said Musa, Prime Minister of Belize

March 19 – Sirhan Sirhan, Palestinian assassin of Robert F. Kennedy

March 21 – Hilary Minster, British actor (d. 1999)

March 24 – R. Lee Ermey, U.S. Marine and actor

March 26 – Diana Ross, American singer (The Supremes)

March 27 – Khosrow Shakibai, Iranian actor (d. 2008)

March 28

Rick Barry, American basketball player

Ken Howard, American actor

March 29 – Denny McLain, American baseball player

April

April 3 – Tony Orlando, American musician

April 4 – Magda Aelvoet, Belgian politician

April 6 – Felicity Palmer, English soprano

April 7 – Gerhard Schröder, former Chancellor of Germany

April 8

Jimmy Walker, American professional basketball player (d. 2007)

Odd Nerdrum, Norwegian painter

April 11 – John Milius, American film director, producer, and screenwriter

April 13 – Jack Casady, American rock musician (Jefferson Airplane, Hot Tuna)

April 15 – Dzhokhar Dudayev, Chechen leader, first President of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria, an unrecognized breakaway state in the North Caucasus (d. 1996)

April 18 – Charlie Tuna, American disc jockey and game show announcer

April 19 – James Heckman, American economist, Nobel Prize laureate

April 22 – Steve Fossett, American aviator, sailor and millionaire adventurer (d. 2007)

April 26 – Larry H. Miller, American sports owner (Utah Jazz) (d. 2009)

April 27 – Michael Fish, British TV weatherman

April 28 – Jean-Claude Van Cauwenberghe, Belgian politician

April 29 – Richard Kline, American actor and television director

April 30 – Jill Clayburgh, American actress

May

May 1 – Suresh Kalmadi, Indian politician

May 4 – Paul Gleason, American actor (d. 2006)

May 5 – John Rhys-Davies, Welsh actor

May 8 – Gary Glitter, English singer

May 9

Richie Furay, American musician (Poco, Buffalo Springfield)

Laurence Owen, American figure skater (d. 1961)

May 10 – Jim Abrahams, American film director

May 12 – Sara Kestelman, British actor

May 13 – Armistead Maupin, American author

May 14 – George Lucas, American film director and producer

May 20

Joe Cocker, British rock singer

Boudewijn de Groot, Dutch singer

Dietrich Mateschitz, Austrian businessman

May 21 – Mary Robinson, President of Ireland

May 23 – John Newcombe, Australian tennis player

May 23 – Avraham Oz, Israeli theater professor, translator, and political activist

May 24 – Patti LaBelle, American singer

May 25 – Frank Oz, English puppeteer and film director

May 27 – Chris Dodd, American politician

May 28

Rudy Giuliani, former Mayor of New York City

Gladys Knight, American singer

Patricia Quinn, Northern Irish actress

Rita MacNeil, Canadian folk singer

May 30 – Meredith MacRae, American actress (d. 2000)

June

June 1 – Robert Powell, English actor

June 3 – Edith McGuire, American sprinter

June 4 – Michelle Phillips, American singer (The Mamas & the Papas) and actress

June 5

Tommie Smith, American athlete

Colm Wilkinson, Irish singer

June 6 – Phillip Allen Sharp, American scientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine

June 8

Boz Scaggs, American singer and guitarist

Don Grady, American actor and singer

Mark Belanger, American baseball player (d. 1998)

June 13 – Ban Ki-moon, South Korean politician and Secretary-General of the United Nations

June 16 – Henri Richelet, French painter

June 17 – Bill Rafferty, American comedian and impressionist

June 24 – Jeff Beck, British rock musician

June 29 – Gary Busey, American actor

June 30 – Raymond Moody, American parapsychologist

June 30 – Terry Funk, American professional wrestler

July

July 3 – Michel Polnareff, French singer

July 8 – Jeffrey Tambor, American actor

July 13 – Ernő Rubik, Hungarian inventor

July 14 – Aad Mansveld, Dutch footballer

July 15 – Jan-Michael Vincent, American actor

July 17 – Mark Burgess, New Zealand cricket captain

July 21 – Paul Wellstone, U.S. Senator from Minnesota (d. 2002)

July 23 – Alex Buzo, of Sydney, Australian playwright and author (d. 2006)

July 31

Geraldine Chaplin, American actress

Robert C. Merton, American economist, Nobel Prize laureate

August

August 1 – Yuri Romanenko, Soviet cosmonaut

August 2 – Jim Capaldi, British drummer, singer, and songwriter (Traffic) (d. 2005)

August 4

Richard Belzer, American actor and comedian

Orhan Gencebay, Turkish musician, composer, singer, and actor

August 7 – John Glover, American actor

August 8 – Brooke Bundy, American actress

August 9 – Sam Elliott, American actor

August 11 – Ian McDiarmid, Scottish actor

August 12 – Larry Troutman, American musician (d. 1999)

August 13 – Kevin Tighe, American actor

August 15 – Sylvie Vartan, French singer

August 18 – Robert Hitchcock, Australian Sculptor

August 19 – Bodil Malmsten, Swedish writer

August 20 – Linda Clifford, American R&B; and dance singer

August 21

Peter Weir, Australian film director

Kari S. Tikka, Finnish Professor of Finance (d. 2006)

August 23 – Saira Banu, Indian actress

August 25 – Christine Chubbuck, American television reporter (d. 1974)

August 26 – Prince Richard, Duke of Gloucester

August 31 – Jos LeDuc, Canadian professional wrestler (d. 1999)

September

September 1 – Leonard Slatkin, American conductor

September 2 – Gilles Marchal, French musician

September 6 – Christian Boltanski, French artist

September 7

Earl Manigault, American basketball player (d. 1998)

Bora Milutinovic, Serbian football coach

September 12

Leonard Peltier, U.S. Presidential candidate

Barry White, American singer (d. 2003)

September 13

Carol Barnes, British newsreader (d. 2008)

Jacqueline Bisset, British actress

Peter Cetera, American singer

September 16 – Betty Kelley, American singer (Martha and the Vandellas)

September 17 – Reinhold Messner, Italian mountaineer

September 18 – Rocío Jurado, Spanish singer and actress

September 19 – Ismet Özel, Turkish poet

September 21 – Hamilton Jordan, Jimmy Carter's first White House Chief of Staff (d. 2008)

September 22 – Frazer Hines, British actor

September 25 – Michael Douglas, American actor

September 26 – Anne Robinson, British television host

September 30 – Jimmy Johnstone, Scottish footballer (d. 2006)

October

October 4 – Tony La Russa, American baseball player and manager

October 6 – Mylon LeFevre, American singer and evangelist

October 9

John Entwistle, English musician (The Who) (d. 2002)

Nona Hendryx, singer (Labelle)

Peter Tosh, Jamaican singer and musician (d. 1987)

October 15 – David Trimble, Northern Irish politician, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize

October 15 – Şerif Gören, Turkish film director

October 20 – Clive Hornby, English actor (Emmerdale's Jack Sugden 1980-2008) (d. 2008)

October 24 – Ray Downs, American author and country music musician

October 28 – Dennis Franz, American actor

November

November 1

Oscar Temaru, President of French Polynesia

Bobby Heenan, American professional wrestling manager and commentator

November 7 – Joe Niekro, American baseball player (d. 2006)

November 10 – Silvestre Reyes, American politician

November 11 – Kemal Sunal, Turkish comedian

November 12 – Booker T. Jones, American musician, singer, and songwriter (Booker T. & the M.G.'s)

November 12 – Al Michaels, American sportscaster

November 17

Danny DeVito, American actor

Rem Koolhaas, Dutch architect

Lorne Michaels, Canadian television and film producer

Tom Seaver, American baseball player

November 18 – Wolfgang Joop, German artist, fashion designer and art collector

November 21 – Richard Durbin, American politician

November 24 – Ibrahim Gambari, Nigerian scholar and diplomat

November 25 – Ben Stein, American law professor, actor, and author

December

December 2 – Ibrahim Rugova, first President of Kosovo (d. 2006)

December 6 – Jonathan King, British music producer

December 7 – Daniel Chorzempa, American organist

Georges Coste, French Rugby player and coach

December 9 – Ki Longfellow, American novelist

December 11

Brenda Lee, American singer

Lynda Day George, American actress

Teri Garr, American actress, singer and dancer (The Sonny and Cher Show)

December 12 – Kenneth Cranham, Scottish born actor

December 19 – Tim Reid, American actor and singer

December 21

Zheng Xiaoyu, Chinese bureaucrat (d. 2007)

Michael Tilson Thomas, American conductor

Bill Atkinson, English footballer

December 22 – Steve Carlton, American baseball player

December 23 – Wesley Clark, U.S. general and NATO Supreme Allied Commander

December 23 – Ingar Knudtsen, Norwegian writer

December 24 – Erhard Keller, German speed skater

December 25 – Jairzinho, Brazilian football player

December 26 – Eli Cohen, Israeli spy

December 28 – Kary Mullis, American chemist, Nobel Prize laureate

December 31 – Jan Widströmer, Swedish artist

Deaths

January–March

January 1

Charles Turner, Australian cricketer (born 1862)

Edwin Lutyens, British architect (born 1869)

January 5 – Kaj Munk, Danish playwright, priest and martyr (born 1898) (executed)

January 6 – Ida Tarbell, American journalist (born 1857)

January 7 – Lou Henry Hoover, Wife of President Herbert Hoover (born 1874)

January 10 – William Emerson Ritter, American biologist (born 1856)

January 11

*Charles King, American actor (born 1889)

*Edgard Potier, Belgian spy (born 1903)

January 20 – James McKeen Cattell, American psychologist (born 1860)

January 23 – Edvard Munch, Norwegian painter (born 1863)

January 31

Jean Giraudoux, French writer (born 1882)

William Allen White, American journalist (born 1868)

February 1 – Piet Mondriaan, Dutch painter (born 1872)

February 4 – Yvette Guilbert, French singer and actress (born 1867)

February 11 – Carl Meinhof, German linguist (born 1857)

February 12 – Margaret Woodrow Wilson, American singer and Presidential daughter (born 1886)

February 12 – Kenneth Gandar-Dower, English sportsman, aviator, explorer and author (born 1908)

February 13 – Edgar Selwyn, American screenwriter (born 1875)

February 16 – Henri Nathansen, Danish writer and stage director (born 1868)

February 21 – Ferenc Szisz, Hungarian-born race car driver (born 1873)

February 29 – Pehr Evind Svinhufvud, Finnish politician (born 1861)

March 4 – Louis Buchalter, Jewish-American mobster, head of Murder, Inc. (born 1897)

March 5 – Max Jacob, French poet (born 1876)

March 11 – Irvin S. Cobb, American writer (born 1876)

March 22 – Pierre Brossolette, journalist and French Resistance fighter (born 1903)

March 23 – Myron Selznick, American film producer (born 1898)

March 24 – Orde Wingate, British soldier (born 1903)

April–June

April 9 – Evgeniya Rudneva, Soviet World War II heroine (born 1920)

April 17 – J.T. Hearne, English cricketer (born 1867)

April 21 – Hans-Valentin Hube, German army general (born 1890)

April 25 – George Herriman, American cartoonist (born 1880)

April 28

*Frank Knox, American Secretary of the Navy during World War II (born 1874)

*Paul Poiret, French couturier (born 1879)

April 29

*Billy Bitzer, American cinematographer (born 1874)

*Bernardino Machado, President of Portugal (born 1851)

May 12

Max Brand, American author (born 1892)

Q, British writer (born 1863)

Harold Lowe, British sailor, Fifth Officer of the RMS Titanic (born 1882)

May 16 – George Ade, American author (born 1866)

June – Joseph Campbell, Northern Irish poet and lyricist (born 1879)

May 20 – Vincent Rose, American musician and band leader (born 1880)

May 24 – Harold Bell Wright, American writer (born 1872)

May 25 – Clark Daniel Stearns, 9th Governor of American Samoa (born 1870)

May 30 – Jessie Ralph, American actress (born 1864)

June 27 – Milan Hodža, Slovak politician, champion of regional integration in Europe (born 1878)

July–September

July 1 – Carl Mayer, Austrian screenwriter (born 1894)

July 6

Andrée Borrel, French World War II heroine (executed) (born 1919)

Vera Leigh, English World War II heroine (executed) (born 1903)

Sonia Olschanezky, German World War II heroine (executed) (born 1923)

Diana Rowden, English World War II heroine (executed) (born 1915)

July 7 – Georges Mandel, French politician and World War II hero (executed) (born 1885)

July 8 – George B. Seitz, American director (born 1888)

July 12 – Theodore Roosevelt, Jr., American political and business leader (born 1887)

July 14 – Asmahan a Syrian-born Egyptian singer (b.1918?).

July 18 – Rex Whistler, English artist (born 1905)

July 20 – Mildred Harris, American actress (born 1901)

July 21 – Claus von Stauffenberg, German military and resistance fighter (born 1907)

July 25 – Jakob von Uexküll, Baltic German biologist (born 1864)

July 26 – Reza Pahlavi, Shah of Iran (born 1877)

July 30 – Lee Powell, American actor (born 1908)

July 31 – Antoine de Saint-Exupery, French pilot and writer (born 1900)

August 1 – Manuel L. Quezon, Philippine president (born 1878)

August 4 – Krzysztof Kamil Baczyński, Polish poet (Warsaw Uprising) (born 1921)

August 12

*Joseph P. Kennedy, Jr., American fighter pilot, oldest son of Joseph P. Kennedy (born 1915)

*Suzanne Spaak, Belgian World War II heroine (executed)

August 19 – Henry Wood, British conductor (born 1869)

August 23 – Abdul Mejid II, Caliph of the Ottoman Empire (born 1868)

August 26

Adam von Trott zu Solz, German diplomat (executed) (born 1909)

Hans Leesment, Estonian general (born 1873)

August 27 – Princess Mafalda of Savoy (executed) (born 1902)

September 6 – Gustave Biéler, Swiss World War II hero (executed) (born 1904)

September 6 – Jan Franciszek Czartoryski, Polish Catholic priest, executed during the Warsaw Uprising (born 1897)

September 9 – Robert Benoist, French race car driver and war hero (executed) (born 1895)

September 11

Yolande Beekman, French World War II heroine (executed) (born 1911)

Madeleine Damerment, French World War II heroine (executed) (born 1917)

Noor Inayat Khan, Indian princess and World War II heroine (executed) (born 1914)

September 13 – Heath Robinson, British cartoonist and illustrator (born 1872)

September 14

John Kenneth Macalister, Canadian World War II hero (executed) (born 1914)

Frank Pickersgill, Canadian World War II hero (executed) (born 1915)

Roméo Sabourin, Canadian World War II hero (executed) (born 1923)

September 16 – Gustav Bauer, Chancellor of Germany (born 1870)

September 25 – Eugeniusz Lokajski, Polish athlete, gymnast and photographer (Warsaw Uprising) (born 1909)

September 27 – Aristide Maillol, French sculptor and painter (born 1861)

October–December

October 4 – Al Smith, American politician (born 1873)

October 8 – Wendell Willkie, American politician (born 1892)

October 14 – Erwin Rommel, German Field Marshal (born 1891)

October 21 – Alois Kayser, German missionary (born 1877)

October 22 – Richard Bennett, American actor (born 1870)

October 23 – Charles Glover Barkla, English physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1877)

October 24 – Shoji Nishimura, Japanese Vice admiral (born 1889)

October 26

HRH The Princess Beatrice, youngest and last living child of Queen Victoria (born 1857)

William Temple, Archbishop of Canterbury (born 1881)

November 2 – Thomas Midgley, American chemist and inventor (born 1889)

November 5 – Alexis Carrel, French surgeon and biologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (born 1873)

November 7 – Hannah Szenes, Hungarian World War II heroine (executed) (born 1921)

November 12 – George F. Houston, American actor (born 1896)

December 2 – Josef Lhévinne, Russian pianist (born 1874)

December 4 – Roger Bresnahan, American baseball player (born 1879)

December 9 – Laird Cregar, American actor (born 1916)

December 13

*Wassily Kandinsky, Russian-born artist (born 1866)

*Lupe Velez, Mexican actress (born 1908)

December 15 – Glenn Miller, American band leader (born 1904)

December 22 – Harry Langdon, American comedian (born 1884)

December 30 – Romain Rolland, French writer, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1866)

December 31 – Vicente Lim, Filipino general of the Armed Forces of the Philippines (born 1889)

date unknown – Gerald Haxton, secretary and lover of novelist and playwright W. Somerset Maugham (born 1892)

Nobel Prizes

Physics – Isidor Isaac Rabi

Chemistry – Otto Hahn

Medicine – Joseph Erlanger, Herbert Spencer Gasser

Literature – Johannes Vilhelm Jensen

Peace – International Committee of the Red Cross

Ship events

Ship launches

Ship commissionings

Ship decommissionings

Shipwrecks

Notes