Robert Wise

Name	Robert Wise
Imagesize	150px
Caption	Wise at the premiere of Air America, 1990
Birth name	Robert Earl Wise
Birth date	September 10, 1914
Birth place	Winchester, Indiana, U.S.
Death date	September 14, 2005
Death place	Los Angeles, California, U.S.
Spouse

Robert Earl Wise (September 10, 1914 – September 14, 2005) was an American sound effects editor, film editor, film producer and director. He won Academy Awards as Best Director for The Sound of Music (1965) and West Side Story (1961) as well as nominations as Best Film Editing for Citizen Kane (1941) and Best Picture for The Sand Pebbles (1966).

Among his other films are Born to Kill; Destination Gobi; The Hindenburg; ; The Day the Earth Stood Still; Run Silent, Run Deep; The Andromeda Strain; The Set-Up; The Haunting; and The Body Snatcher. Wise's working period spanned the 1930s to the 1990s.

Often contrasted with contemporary "auteur" directors such as Stanley Kubrick who tended to bring a distinctive directorial "look" to a particular genre, Wise is famously viewed to have allowed his (sometimes studio assigned) story dictate style. Later critics such as Martin Scorsese would go on to expand that characterization, insisting that despite Wise's notorious workaday concentration on stylistic perfection within the confines of genre and budget, his choice of subject matter and approach still functioned to identify Wise as an artist and not merely an artisan. Through whatever means, Wise's approach would bring him critical success as a director in many different traditional film genres: from horror to noir to Western to war films to science fiction, to musical and drama, with many repeat hits within each genre. Wise's tendency towards professionalism led to a degree of preparedness which, though nominally motivated by studio budget constraints, nevertheless advanced the moviemaking art, with many Academy Award-winning films the result. Robert Wise received the AFI Life Achievement Award in 1998.

Early years

Wise was born in Winchester, Indiana, the son of Olive R. (née Longenecker) and Earl W. Wise, a meat packer. Wise attended Connersville High School in Connersville, Indiana, and its auditorium, the Robert E. Wise Center for Performing Arts, is named in his honor. Wise began his movie career at RKO as a sound and music editor, but he soon grew to being nominated for the Academy Award for Film Editing for Citizen Kane in 1941: Wise was that film's last living crew member.

Though Wise worked only as editor on Citizen Kane, it is likely that while working on the film he would become familiar with the optical printer techniques employed by Linwood Dunn, inventor of the practical optical printer, to produce effects for Citizen Kane such as the image projected in the broken snowglobe which falls from Kane's hand as he dies. Though Wise was never known as a special-effects-driven director, echoes of this 1940s high-tech special effects technology were to emerge in several of his important later films, such as The Day the Earth Stood Still, West Side Story, and . Wise could also make a movie special in the use of technique borrowed from one genre but applied to another genre: in his hands, a science fiction movie might acquire mood from a "haunted house" film, and vice versa. Wise sought never to waste the time (or salary) of the talented people who produced his features: the result was an impressively prolific series of films which showcase the talents of director, cast, and crew.

In March 1987, Wise accepted the Academy Award for Best Actor, on behalf of his absent friend, Paul Newman, who won for his performance in The Color of Money.

Wise becomes a director

First called as assistant director to shoot additional scenes for Welles's The Magnificent Ambersons, Wise took his first directing job with the stylish horror film The Curse of the Cat People in 1944, teaming with Hollywood horror producer/director Val Lewton. Lewton promoted Wise to his superiors at RKO, beginning a collaboration which would produce several notable horror films, among them The Body Snatcher starring Bela Lugosi and Boris Karloff, a film which in its acting direction deliberately evoked the groundbreaking horror films of the 1930s, while presenting a psychological horror film more in tune with the uncertainty of the 1940s.

In 1947, Wise directed the Lawrence Tierney noir classic Born to Kill and two years later directed the boxing movie The Set-Up, where his direction of the real-time setting got him noticed. Wise's use and mention of time in this film would find echos in later noir films such as Stanley Kubrick's The Killing and Quentin Tarantino's Pulp Fiction.

In the 1950s, Wise proved adept in several genres, from the science fiction of The Day the Earth Stood Still to the melodramatic So Big, to the 1954 boardroom drama Executive Suite, to the epic Helen of Troy based on Homer, to Susan Hayward's Oscar winner in I Want to Live!, for which he was nominated for Best Director.

In 1961, teamed with Jerome Robbins, he won the Academy Award for Best Director for West Side Story, which he also produced. In 1963, he directed the horror film The Haunting, with Julie Harris. He won the Academy Award for Best Director in 1965 with The Sound of Music.

The Sound of Music was an interim film for Wise, produced to mollify the studio while he developed the difficult film The Sand Pebbles, starring Steve McQueen, Richard Attenborough and Candice Bergen. Set in the late 1920s in China, this was Wise's entry in a spate of Vietnam war era films (Catch-22, M*A*S*H), which, though set in other periods of wartime, nevertheless sounded with its depictions of gunboat diplomacy what would come to be recognized as timeless themes. Wise would later speak of The Sand Pebbles as the film he most wanted to direct, though he had earlier explored such anti-war themes in The Day the Earth Stood Still.

In the 1970s, he directed such films as The Andromeda Strain, The Hindenburg, the horror film Audrey Rose, and the first Star Trek film, . In 1989, he directed Rooftops, his last theatrical feature film.

Later years

Even in his twilight years, Wise continued to be active in productions of DVD versions of his films, even making public appearances promoting those films. His last contributions were to the DVD commentaries of The Sound of Music, The Haunting and The Set-Up. He also oversaw the DVD commentaries of The Sand Pebbles, Executive Suite. He also oversaw and provided DVD commentary for the director's edition of , which included re-edited scenes, new optical effects, and a new sound mix.

In 1992, Wise was awarded the National Medal of Arts.

Death

After suffering a heart attack at home, Wise was rushed to UCLA Medical Center. He died on September 14, 2005, four days after his 91st birthday.

Academy Awards

1962 Best Director West Side Story with Jerome Robbins

1962 Best Picture West Side Story

1966 Best Director The Sound of Music

1966 Best Picture The Sound of Music

1967 Irving G. Thalberg Memorial Award

;Nominations

1942 Best Film Editing Citizen Kane

1959 Best Director I Want to Live!

1967 Nominated for Best Picture The Sand Pebbles

Filmography

Director

Action in Arabia (1944; second unit director, uncredited)

Mademoiselle Fifi (1944)

The Curse of the Cat People (1944)

The Body Snatcher (1945)

A Game of Death (1945)

Criminal Court (1946)

Born to Kill (1947)

Blood on the Moon (1948)

Mystery in Mexico (1948)

The Set-Up (1949)

Three Secrets (1950)

Two Flags West (1950)

The Day the Earth Stood Still (1951)

The House on Telegraph Hill (1951)

Something for the Birds (1952)

The Captive City (1952)

Return to Paradise (1953) (producer)

So Big (1953)

Destination Gobi (1953)

The Desert Rats (1953)

Executive Suite (1954)

Somebody Up There Likes Me (1956)

Tribute to a Bad Man (1956)

Helen of Troy (1956)

Until They Sail (1957)

This Could Be the Night (1957)

Run Silent, Run Deep (1958)

I Want to Live! (1958)

Odds Against Tomorrow (1959)

West Side Story (1961; co-director and producer)

Two for the Seesaw (1962)

The Haunting (1963; director and producer)

The Sound of Music (1965; director and producer)

The Sand Pebbles (1966; director and producer)

Star! (1968)

The Baby Maker (1970; executive producer)

The Andromeda Strain (1971; director and producer)

Two People (1973) (producer)

The Hindenburg (1975)

Audrey Rose (1977)

(1979)

Wisdom (1986; executive producer)

Rooftops (1989)

The Stupids (1996; actor)

A Storm in Summer (2000)

Editing

Top Hat (1935; sound effects editor, uncredited)

The Informer (1935; sound effects editor, uncredited)

The Gay Divorcee (1934; sound effects editor, uncredited)

Of Human Bondage (1934; apprentice sound effects editor, uncredited)

The Story of Vernon and Irene Castle (1939; assistant editor, uncredited)

Bachelor Mother (1939; editor)

5th Ave Girl (1939; editor)

The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1939; editor)

My Favorite Wife (1940; editor)

Dance, Girl, Dance (1940; editor)

Citizen Kane (1941; editor)

The Devil and Daniel Webster (1941; editor)

The Magnificent Ambersons (1942; editor)

Seven Days' Leave (1942; editor)

Bombardier (1943; editor)

The Fallen Sparrow (1943; editor)

The Iron Major (1943; editor)

References

External links

Category:1914 births Category:2005 deaths Category:American Cinema Editors Category:American film directors Category:American film editors Category:American film producers Category:Best Director Academy Award winners Category:Presidents of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences Category:Deaths from heart failure Category:Deaths from myocardial infarction Category:United States National Medal of Arts recipients Category:People from Randolph County, Indiana Category:Special effects awards Category:Sound editors Category:Academy Award winners Category:Franklin College alumni Category:Cardiovascular disease deaths in California