W3C Math Home
What is MathML?
MathML 2.0, a W3C Recommendation was released on 21 Feb 2001. A product of the W3C Math working group, MathML is a low-level specification for describing mathematics as a basis for machine to machine communication. It provides a much needed foundation for the inclusion of mathematical expressions in Web pages [more].
Try it!
Many implementations of MathML are available (browsers and authoring tools), many of which are open source software. Go to the MathML Software list for descriptions and pointers, or read the Implementation and Interoperability report.
There is a good chance that your browser already supports MathML (possibly with the addition of a plug-in). You can try this test page to find out. If you want to put your mathematics on-line this way, read our Putting mathematics on the Web with MathML document.
- A Gentle Introduction to MathML by Robert Miner and Jeff Schaeffer
- MathML: Presenting and Capturing Mathematics for the Web by Michael Kohlhase
- The MathML Handbook, by Pavi Sandhu
- The Importance of MathML to Mathematics Communication by R. Miner
- Mathematics on the Web with MathML by M. Froumentin
- Math on the Web: A Status Report (Sep 2002) by R. Miner and P. Topping.
- OpenMath, a language to represent semantic mathematical objects
- MathWeb.org, supporting mathematics on the Web
- Math on the Web from AMS
- MathML Central by Wolfram Research
- MathML Information Center by Design Science
- SGML/XML and Math by Robin Cover
- Zvon MathML examples
- MathZilla = MathML + Mozilla
- ActiveMath, a learning environment for mathematics
- The Math Forum, an online math education community center
- Journal of Online Mathematics
- EMTeachline®educational sotfware: School mathematics in XML-MathML
- Mathforge: math news and message board
News
2008-04-09: New draft of MathML 3
The Math Working group published a new draft of MathML 3. Especially chapter 4, Content Markup, has improved, and the content dictionaries (section 4.4) are aligned with OpenMath3. Some other material has been removed and will reappear later in a separate primer.
2008-01-18: New Working Drafts
The Math Working Group published new drafts of three specifications: A MathML for CSS profile (a profile of MathML3 that can be displayed with current CSS), MathML 3.0 and XML Entity definitions for Characters (a list of names for Unicode characters, selected from existing standards, for use in MathML or elsewhere). The Entity definitions draft was published for the first time.
2007-04-27: Working Drafts for MathML3 and MathML for CSS published
The Math Working Group published the first drafts of two new specifications: MathML version 3 is the latest version of MathML and A MathML for CSS profile describes how to use (a subset of) MathML3 that can be rendered in browsers that only support CSS. The new version of MathML will have better support for bidirectional text, better alignment with OpenMath, and will fix a number of errors and changes that have become necessary because of changes outside of MathML, such as new versions of Unicode.
2006-06-28: W3C Launches Math Working Group for MathML 3.0
W3C is pleased to announce the launch of a new Math Working Group to replace the Math Interest Group. Patrick Ion (Invited Expert, representing the American Mathematical Society) and Robert Miner (Design Science) will co-Chair. The group is chartered through 29 February 2008 to produce a new MathML 3.0 Recommendation, to improve and expand MathML in the areas of internationalization, accessibility, and mathematical richness. W3C Members may use this form to join the Working Group.
2006-04-05: Dadzilla, a MathML browser supporting Arabic
Dadzilla is a browser that can display MathML. Versions 1.1 (Linux) and 1.2 (Windows) support MathML in Arabic, as described in the W3C Note “Arabic mathematical notation,” as well as mixed Latin and Arabic texts. Dadzilla has been written by Mustapha Eddahibi and Azzeddine Lazrek (Cadi Ayyad University of Marrakech, Morocco) and is based on Mozilla.
2006-01-31: New W3C Note “Arabic mathematical notation”
The Math IG published a note called “Arabic mathematical notation,” which analyzes the use of MathML in documents written in the Arabic script. There are pitfalls in the correct implementation of MathML in right-to-left scripts, but there are also limitations of MathML itself that might require an update of the standard.
2005-02-10: Blogging maths with MathML and Movable Type
Jacques Distler has adapted MovableType into a MathML publishing platform. With the help of a plugin, TeX equations in weblog entries and in comments are automatically converted to MathML. Technical details are on his weblog. The String Coffee Table is another weblog making extensive use of this technology.
2005-02-07: New Software Page
The W3C Math Interest Group announces the new MathML software list. Now all items are organised either by name or by type of software, making browsing easier. It also looks slightly better... To submit a description your software, please refer to the "sumbmitting a description of your software" page.
2004-11-15: XSL Formatter renders MathML
XSL Formatter, the well-known XSL-FO renderer from Antenna House has now an add-on to render XSL-FO + MathML documents. See the entry in our software page for a short description or Antenna House's XSL Formatter MathML Option page for a longer one.
2004-09-13: Gellmu 0.8 outputs MathML
Bill
Hammond of the University at Albany has released version 0.8 of GELLMU (Generalized
Extensible LaTeX-Like MarkUp), a free software project
designed to furnish a bridge to the world of XML for those
familiar with LaTeX typesetting markup. The "regular" form of
GELLMU now provides output streams for both XHTML+MathML and PDF
(spun by pdflatex) from a single source document.
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